How the Average Cost Per Year of Raising a Child Has Changed Since the Early 2000s

Having children can be rewarding, but thanks to higher rates of inflation, it’s also getting more expensive. Today, parents can expect to spend around $23,000 per year, or $414,000 through age 18, according to recent research.

If you’re considering growing your family, understanding all the costs involved can help you prepare financially. Here’s a closer look at the average annual cost of raising a child in the U.S. and how that figure has changed over the past two decades.

Key Points

•   The annual cost to raise a child in 2025 is projected to be around $23,000.

•   The total cost of raising a child to age 18 is expected to reach $414,000.

•   Housing, food, and child care and education are the largest expenses.

•   Inflation has significantly increased the cost of raising a child since 2000.

•   Effective budgeting and tracking spending can help manage these rising expenses.

What Is the Cost of Raising a Child in the US in 2025?

According to recent research, the cost of raising a child can cost $23,000 per year as of 2024, which would equal $414,000 through age 18. That doesn’t include adjusting for inflation, nor does it include how much it costs to attend college.

Of course, the amount you end up spending depends on a number of factors, including household income, the cost of childcare, and the cost of living in your area.

If you want more personalized insights to help you plan your spending, consider using an online calculator.

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A Comparison of the Cost of Raising in Child in 2000 vs 2025

The average cost of raising a child in 2000 looked much different than it does now, thanks in large part to the recent surge in inflation rates.

In 2000, a typical middle-income family could expect to spend $165,630 to raise a child to the age of 17, according to an analysis of USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture) data by the Brookings Institution. For a child born in 2015, the USDA forecast that the cost would be $233,610. In 2025, that same family would spend $414,000 to raise a child through age 18, which is considerably more. Note that this amount doesn’t include extras like summer camp or birthday parties, nor does it factor in the cost of college.

Recommended: Average Salary in the U.S.

Top Expenses of Raising a Child in 2025

When it comes to the average cost of raising a child from birth through 18, families can expect to spend around $23,000 per year. The following table shows where that typically money goes.

Cost category

Average percent (%) of spending

Housing 29%
Food 18%
Child care and Education 16%
Transportation 15%
Healthcare 9%
Miscellaneous 7%
Clothing 6%

Source: USDA’s Expenditures on Children by Families, 2015

Top Expenses of Raising a Child in 2000

Average middle-income parents in 2000 spent around $9,201 per year on child-rearing costs. As the chart below shows, housing and food were the biggest expenses. But compared to 2025, parents spent less on other things, like healthcare and child care and education.

Cost category

Average percent (%) of spending

Housing 33%
Food 18%
Transportation 15%
Miscellaneous 11%
Child care and Education 10%
Healthcare 7%
Clothing 6%

Source: USDA Expenditures on Children by Families, 2000

How to Reduce the Cost of Raising a Child Today

No matter when you become a parent, you’ll likely have some major expenses. The good news is, it is possible to save money while raising kids. Here are some tips to consider:

•   Look for ways to lower housing expenses. Housing costs are the number-one expense for families, so finding ways to trim expenses there can really help you save. For instance, if you’re planning to move, you may want to expand your search to include smaller, less expensive homes located in neighborhoods with lower property taxes.

•   Purchase secondhand clothes. Kids tend to outgrow their clothing quickly. Rather than spend a lot on new outfits, shop secondhand whenever possible. Tag sales, thrift stores, and consignment sites are all good places to explore.

•   Make the most of your local library. Are expensive streaming subscriptions eating away at the family budget? Consider canceling some of those streamers and heading on over the local library. Not only can you check out books and audiobooks for free, you can also rent DVDs and enjoy free events.

•   Shop generic. When it comes to basics like diapers, toiletries, and household cleaners, skip the fancy brand names and go for less-expensive generic versions. Purchasing from wholesale clubs may also stretch your budget.

Recommended: How to Create a Household Budget

More Financial Tips for Parents

Whether you’re looking to start a family or add to your brood, there are also some smart financial habits you can start today that can make it easier to afford raising children. As a bonus, these habits can also help you teach your child about money management.

•   Pay down debt quickly. When a borrower takes on debt, they repay not only the amount they borrowed, they also owe interest and fees to the lender in exchange for borrowing the money. That’s why it’s so important to pay off debt quickly. The sooner you erase your debt, the less interest you’ll have to pay.

•   Create a budget that grows with your family. Coming up with a budget — and adapting it to meet your current needs — can help your finances roll with whatever changes life has in store. It’s a good idea to sit down once a month to evaluate what’s working in the budget, what can be improved, and what new expenses are on the horizon. A spending app can also help you keep tabs on where your money is going.

•   Prioritize savings. When you’re raising a family, it’s easy to let long-term savings goals fall by the wayside. One way to make saving second nature is to sock away a portion of each paycheck into a savings account or investment account. By paying yourself first, you’re better positioned to reach your financial goals, whether that’s putting multiple children through college, investing, or saving for retirement.

Recommended: Creating an Investment Plan for Your Child

The Takeaway

Having a family can be rewarding — and expensive. The average family in 2024 paid around $23,000 per year to raise a child. Housing, food, and child care/education are among the top three biggest expenses. The good news is, there are ways to manage expenses and still save for long-term financial goals. Budgeting well and tracking spending and saving are key steps.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

With SoFi, you can keep tabs on how your money comes and goes.

FAQ

How much does it cost each year to have a child?

The average family spent around $23,000 per year to raise a child in 2024.

How much does it cost to raise a child to 18 in 2025?

According to 2024 data, a family will spend $414,000 to raise a child through the age of 18.

How much does a baby cost on average?

The average family can expect to spend around $23,000 a year to raise a child, according to 2024 data. Costs for a baby could be less, since there aren’t, say, educational expenses yet or hobbies to pay for. But there could be the costs of setting up a nursery and childcare.


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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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What Are Hardship Loans and How Do They Work?

Financial Hardship Loans: What Are They and How Can You Apply?

A financial hardship loan is a type of loan that can help people get through such monetary challenges as unemployment or medical debt.

Some people may have emergency savings to dip into or family or friends who can help them out if the unexpected happens. But for those who can’t access such resources, a hardship loan can offer the cushion needed until a person’s financial prospects brighten. There are a variety of hardship loans to consider, from personal loans to home equity borrowing, and each has its own application requirements.

Key Points

•   A hardship loan is a kind of personal loan that can help manage unexpected financial challenges, such as job loss or medical bills.

•   Proof of financial hardship, like termination notices or medical certificates, may be required.

•   Community-based resources, government programs, and employer assistance can offer alternative support.

•   Credit cards can cover expenses but may result in higher interest charges and increased debt.

•   Home equity loans or HELOCs allow borrowing against home value.

What Is a Hardship Loan?

A hardship loan is a loan that can help you get through unexpected financial challenges like unemployment, medical bills, or caregiving responsibilities. These are considered a kind of personal loan, and they typically require you to validate that you are facing severe financial issues in order to qualify. If approved, you get a lump sum of cash and pay it back over time with interest.

That said, it’s wise for potential borrowers to be informed and carefully consider their terms and options so they don’t wind up incurring more debt than they can manage.

What Can You Use a Hardship Loan For?

As one of the types of personal loans, a hardship loan typically works much like any standard personal loan. The borrower receives a lump sum of money to use as they need, with few limitations. Potential uses could include:

•   Rent or mortgage payments

•   Past-due bills

•   Everyday expenses like groceries and transportation

•   Medical needs

A hardship loan could overwhelm already strained finances, however. Debt in any form will have to be repaid eventually, with interest, even in the case of hardship loans.

Hardship Borrowing Options

When you’re experiencing financial difficulties, you may feel the need to make a quick decision. But assessing your options can help you find the best solution for your needs and financial circumstances. Here are some options you may consider when looking for financing during times of hardship.

Personal Loans

A personal loan allows you to borrow a lump sum of money, typically at a fixed interest rate, that you’ll then repay in installments over a set amount of time. Unlike a credit card, which is revolving debt, a personal loan has a set end date. This allows you to know exactly how much interest you’ll pay over the life of the loan (a personal loan calculator can always help with that determination, too).

The common uses for personal loans are wide-ranging. In addition to using a personal loan to help cover current expenses, you could also use personal loans to consolidate high-interest debt that you may have incurred, whether due to hardship or other reasons.

Typically, personal loan interest rates are lower than credit card interest rates, making them an attractive alternative to credit cards. When it comes to getting your personal loan approved, expect lenders to look at your credit history, credit score, and other factors.

Recommended: How to Apply for a Personal Loan

Credit Cards

Some people also may use credit cards to cover hardship expenses. While this strategy can help in the moment, it can lead to larger bills over time.

For instance, a credit card that offers a 0% annual percentage rate (APR) could allow you to minimize interest charges throughout the promotional period. However, you’ll need to ensure the balance is paid in full before the introductory period ends. Otherwise, you could start racking up interest charges quickly, adding to your financial challenges.

Peer-to-Peer Lending

Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending is becoming more common as people seek out nontraditional financing. P2P loans are generally managed through a lending platform that matches applicants with investors.

While it may offer more flexibility than a traditional loan, a P2P lending platform still looks at an applicant’s overall financial picture — including their credit score — during the approval process. Like a traditional loan, a P2P’s loan terms and interest rates will vary depending on an applicant’s creditworthiness.

Generally, lenders in the P2P space will report accounts to credit bureaus just as traditional lenders do. So making regular, on-time payments can have a positive effect on your credit score. And, conversely, making late payments or failing to make payments at all can have a negative effect on your credit score.

Home Equity

If you own your home, you may consider borrowing against your home’s value. You could do this in the form of a home equity loan, a home equity line of credit (HELOC), or by refinancing your mortgage through a cash-out refinancing option.

With a home equity loan, you’ll pay back the amount borrowed (with interest) over an agreed-upon period of time. While a home equity loan is offered in a lump sum, a HELOC is a revolving line of credit that can allow you to withdraw what you need. However, HELOCs often have variable interest rates, which can make it challenging to plan for repayment.

With a cash-out refinance, on the other hand, you’d refinance your current mortgage for more than what you currently owe, allowing you to get a bit of extra cash to use as you need. This process replaces your old mortgage with a new one.

In all of the options outlined above, if you can’t pay back the loan or follow the agreed-upon terms, there’s the potential that you may lose your house.

401(k) Hardship Withdrawal

It also may be possible to withdraw funds from your retirement plan. Under normal circumstances, a penalty typically is incurred for early withdrawal. There’s a chance the penalty will get waived due to certain types of financial hardship, but exceptions are limited.

Additionally, making a hardship withdrawal from your retirement account means a missed opportunity for these funds to grow. This could potentially put your retirement goals at a disadvantage or later require you to come up with an alternative catch-up savings strategy. In other words, really pause to think it through before using your 401(k) to pay down debt or put toward current expenses.

Alternative Options

While you can use personal loans for a variety of financial needs, there may be other options to consider depending on your situation. For example, if you’re a single parent, you might consider seeking out loans for single moms or dads who have sole financial responsibility for their household. Here are some other options you might explore:

•   Employer-sponsored hardship programs: If you’re facing financial hardship, ask your employer if they have an Employee Assistance Program (EAP). Financial assistance might be offered to help employees who have emergency medical bills, who have experienced extensive home damage due to fire or flood, or who have experienced a death in the family. Employees will likely have to meet specific qualifications to receive EAP funds.

•   Borrowing from friends and relatives: Asking for an informal loan from a friend or family member is certainly an option for getting through financial hardship, although not one that should be considered lightly. Having clear communication about each party’s expectations and responsibilities can go a long way to keeping a relationship intact. Consider having a written loan agreement that outlines details about the loan, such as the amount, interest rate (even if it’s nominal), and when repayment is expected.

•   Community-based resources: There may be specific grants within your community available for people with emergency financial needs. Organizations like 211.org help individuals find the assistance they need. Community-based social services organizations also may be able to make referrals to other organizations as needed.

•   Government programs: Federal and state governments list resources on their websites for individuals seeking financial hardship assistance. Depending on your circumstances, you may be eligible for certain government programs that could help reduce expenses for food, childcare, utilities, housing, prescription medication, and others.

The Takeaway

Researching all of your options for financial relief is a wise move. You might find help from government or community resources, your employer, or a friend or family member. Or, you might consider options such as a financial hardship loan, a home equity loan, or a P2P loan. Understanding the total cost of getting help and repayment terms is an important step in the process.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.


SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.

FAQ

What qualifies as a hardship loan?

A hardship loan is a kind of loan that helps you afford unexpected expenses or get through an emergency. You might qualify for a hardship loan if you’re experiencing financial difficulties, such as job loss, medical bills, or home repairs.

What qualifies as financial hardship?

Some common scenarios that can qualify as financial hardship include being unable to repay a loan you took out in the past, being unable to keep up with debt payments due to unforeseen circumstances, and losing income so that you can’t afford your expenses.

What proof do you need for financial hardship?

You might need to show proof of financial hardship by submitting a termination notice if you’ve lost your job or a doctor’s certificate showing you are unable to work or have unpaid debt. You might be asked to submit bank statements or bills pending as well.


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Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Inc. (CFP Board) owns the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®, CFP® (with plaque design), and CFP® (with flame design) in the U.S., which it awards to individuals who successfully complete CFP Board's initial and ongoing certification requirements.

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Smart Medical School Loan Repayment Strategies

Smart Medical School Loan Repayment Strategies

If you’re a doctor or studying to be one, chances are you have student loans. A typical medical school graduate has an average student loan debt of $202,450, according to the Education Data Initiative. That’s seven times as much as the average college student owes.

Paying back the loans can be a challenge for doctors during residency and the early part of their career. But the good news is, the profession tends to pay well. In 2023, a typical entry-level doctor earned around $210,000 per year.

Key Points

•   High medical school debt can be a challenge for many new doctors. The average medical school graduate holds an average of $234,597 in student loan debt.

•   Income-driven repayment (IDR) plans can help manage and lower monthly payments based on discretionary income and family size.

•   Public service loan forgiveness may be an option for those in qualifying public service roles.

•   A Federal Direct Consolidation Loan allows borrowers the option to choose a new loan term, which could make payments more manageable.

•   Student loan refinancing may result in lower interest rates for those who qualify and reduce monthly payments. But borrowers who refinance federal student loans lose access to federal benefits.

Ways to Pay Off Medical School

No matter how much you owe, it’s smart to have the right student loan repayment strategy in place. This can help ensure your monthly loan payments are manageable and your financial health is protected.

Let’s take a closer look at the various student loan payment options available.

Choose a Repayment Plan

When it comes to federal student loans, borrowers have four different repayment options. Fixed repayment plans give you a fixed monthly payment. Income-driven Repayment (IDR) plans base your monthly loan payment on your discretionary income and family size.

•   Standard Repayment Plan. This fixed plan spreads out payments evenly over 10 years. For example, if you have a loan balance of $200,000 at 6.54%, your monthly payment will be about $2,275.

•   Graduated Repayment Plan. With a graduated plan, your payments start out lower and then gradually increase over time, typically every two years. Repayment takes place over 10 years.

•   Extended Repayment Plan. You can choose either fixed or graduated payments, and repayment takes place over 25 years. To qualify for this plan, you must have more than $30,000 in outstanding Direct Loans or Federal Family Education Loans (FFEL).

•   Income-Driven Repayment Plans. There are four types of income-driven repayment plans: Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR), Income-Based Repayment (IBR), Pay As You Earn (PAYE), and Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE). However, the SAVE plan has been blocked in court and is on hold.

   Repayment on these plans takes place over 20 or 25 years, depending on your income and the plan you choose. At the end of the repayment period, the remaining balance is forgiven, though this amount may be taxable.

As you weigh your options, think about the length of the repayment term and the monthly payment amount. With a longer repayment term, your monthly bill is lower but the amount of interest you pay over the life of the loan is higher. With a shorter term, you pay less in interest over the life of the loan but your monthly payment is higher. A student loan payoff calculator will give you an idea of your monthly payment for different repayment terms.

Loan Forgiveness Programs

Loan forgiveness programs can wipe out some or all of your medical student loan debt, provided you meet certain criteria. If you work for an eligible nonprofit or public service agency, for example, you may qualify for the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program. With this program, med school grads considering a job with a local, state, tribal, or federal government organization or a nonprofit organization could be eligible for federal Direct Loan forgiveness after 10 years of qualifying payments under an IDR plan.

You may also qualify for a federal or state loan-repayment assistance program if you provide service to certain areas or segments of the population. For instance, the National Health Service Corps Loan Repayment program will erase as much as $75,000 of eligible student debt, tax-free, if you work full-time for at least two years in an approved medical facility.

Student loans from private lenders do not qualify for PSLF.

Student Loan Consolidation

If you’re paying off more than one federal loan, a Federal Direct Consolidation Loan may be an option worth exploring. Consolidation lets you combine different federal student loans into a single new loan with a fixed rate. The new rate is a weighted average of all your federal loan rates, rounded up to the nearest eighth of a percent. This may result in a slightly higher rate than you were paying before on some loans.

When you consolidate, you have the option to choose a new repayment plan that extends the life of the new loan up to 30 years. That can lower your monthly payment, but result in a longer loan repayment term and more interest overall. Keep in mind that you can’t include any private student loans in this type of consolidation loan.

Student Loan Refinancing

With student loan refinancing, you replace your current student loans with one new loan from a private lender. Ideally, the new loan will have a lower interest rate, if you qualify. This, in turn, could lower how much you pay in interest over the life of your loan. Refinancing can also make it easier to manage student loan payments. Instead of bills from different lenders, you get one bill each month from one lender.

You can choose a new length for your loan, which lets you adjust your monthly payments. This may be especially helpful if you choose to refinance during your residency.

It’s important to note, however, that refinancing federal student loans makes them ineligible for federal benefits such as income-driven repayment plans and forgiveness.

Recommended: A Guide to Private Student Loans

The Takeaway

Attending medical school isn’t cheap, and it’s common to graduate with significant student loan debt. The good news is, there are several repayment options that can help you tackle your debt more efficiently and protect your financial health. For example, under an income-driven repayment plan, your monthly payments are based on your discretionary income and family size. You may also qualify for a forgiveness program, which could erase part or all of your balance.

Other options for managing your student loan payments after medical school include federal Direct Loan Consolidation and student loan refinancing.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.


SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and Conditions Apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 04/24/2024 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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What Is a Six Figure Salary?

What Is a Six-Figure Salary?

When setting income goals, some people use a six-figure salary as a benchmark, which runs from $100,000 and $999,999 per year. Here, learn more about what this salary means, how to earn that level of income, and more important intel.

Key Points

•   A six-figure salary refers to an annual income of at least $100,000.

•   It is often associated with higher-paying professions and can provide financial stability and opportunities.

•   Earning a six-figure salary requires education, skills, experience, and sometimes additional certifications or advanced degrees.

•   Factors such as location, industry, and job demand can impact the availability of six-figure salary opportunities.

•   It is important to consider the cost of living, taxes, and personal financial goals when evaluating the benefits of a six-figure salary.

How Much Is a Six-Figure Salary?

“Six figures” simply refers to a number with six digits. Typically used with money, the term covers amounts from $100,000 to $999,999. (Once you hit 1 million, you’re in seven-figure territory.) Someone with a six-figure salary makes at least $100K.

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How to Make Six Figures

There is no one right way to earn six figures. That said, there are strategies that can better position you for this level of income. Getting a good education, while not absolutely necessary, is a solid foundation for the kinds of jobs that pay in the six-figure range. Another path is to start your own business.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) lists 170 occupations with typical annual salaries of at least $100,000. The degrees required for these jobs range from a high school diploma to a doctoral degree.

It’s important to recognize that certain careers just pay more than others. Once you’ve chosen a high paying field, you can determine the type of education and training you’ll need to pursue.

You’ll also want to learn how to manage and grow your money. A good place to start is by tracking your expenses and savings with a free spending app.

Average Age to Make Six Figures in the US

According to the U.S Census Bureau’s most recent data, about 22% of households earn between $100,000 and $149,000. Another 11.5% earn between $150,000 and $199,000. And 13% earn $200,000 or more. Note that this is household income, not individual. Compare those figures to the national average salary of $66,622.

Some workers begin earning six figures in their twenties and thirties. Economists nickname them HENRYs, for “high earners, not rich yet.” But for most people, their “peak earning years” are from age 35 to 64.

Keep in mind that annual income says nothing about someone’s financial health. An individual making $50K who manages their money well can be in a better place financially than someone making six figures.

Recommended: What Is a Good Entry-Level Salary?

Examples of Jobs That Pay Six Figures

A look at the highest paying jobs by state offers insight into these types of careers. All these jobs make at least $200,000, and all but one are in the medical field. Texas is an outlier. There, chief executives, the highest paying job in the Lone Star State, earn $239,060 on average.

Other types of jobs that can pay a six-figure salary include airline pilots ($219,140), IT managers ($169,510), and lawyers ($145,760). It’s probably fair to say that, in any industry, there are successful bosses who make six figures.

What Does a Six-Figure Salary Get You?

What a six-figure salary will get you depends on several other factors. A big one is the cost of living in your area. This is how much you spend on housing, transportation, food, and other necessities. When someone lives in a place with a high cost of living, they will typically have less disposable income and less to put into savings than someone who lives in a low cost-of-living location. This can be true even if both are making competitive salaries.

Another factor is household size. For a single person living in California, a six figure salary might be more than enough. However, a family of four living in the same area could be just scraping by.

Recommended: How to Counter a Salary Offer

Do You Need a Six-Figure Salary to Build Wealth?

While a six-figure salary may be considered good, you don’t necessarily need to earn that much to build wealth.

That said, you need to have a reasonable income to live on. For example, a $20,000 salary typically isn’t enough for a household to meet basic expenses. Consider rent: The 30% rule recommends spending no more than $6,000 on rent per year (that’s 30% of $20K), which works out to $500 a month. The average rent nationwide is now $1,750, more than three times what you could afford on a $20,000 salary.

What about a $40,000 salary? This may be enough for a single person in some areas, but probably not for a family. And while an individual could afford basic necessities, they may not have much left for building wealth — that is, saving and investing.

Another factor is existing debt. If you are paying down high-interest credit card balances, it can be hard to also put money toward savings.

The income needed to build wealth then is an amount that covers the cost of living in your location, allows you to pay off any debt, and provides enough extra to set aside money for an emergency fund, retirement, and investing.

How to Build Wealth Without Earning a Six Figure Salary

As we mentioned above, the steps to building wealth are the same for any salary. First, pay off your debt, especially high-interest credit cards and loans. Money going to interest is money that could be going into your savings or investments.

Second, look for ways to cut back on spending: cooking at home instead of going to costly restaurants, closing fee-based apps that you don’t really need, and so on.

Finally, save and invest the money that isn’t going to credit card debt or other nice-to-have but not necessary expenses.

Recommended: The 52 Week Savings Challenge

The Takeaway

A six-figure salary, meaning one between $100,000 and $999,999, is a benchmark for many people who want to meet financial goals. Having a good education is usually helpful but not always necessary, and certain jobs are more likely to come with six-figure salaries. Having a good salary is helpful when building wealth, but the same strategies can be utilized on a five-figure salary. Tracking your spending and automating your savings are two good first steps.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

Is a six-figure salary good?

In most places in the United States, $100,000 is a good salary, covering the needs of an individual or small family, while building savings.

What does a six-figure salary mean?

This is a salary that contains six digits: from $100,000 to $999,999.

What is an-eight figure salary?

This is a salary amount consisting of eight digits: from $10 million annually to $99 million.


Photo credit: iStock/Renata Angerami

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What Is an Assumable Mortgage & How Does It Work?

Assuming a mortgage means that the buyer of a home is able to take over the seller’s existing mortgage. When mortgage assumption is possible, it may help a buyer score a lower interest rate and save money in other ways as well. In times when interest rates are high or headed upward, an assumable mortgage can be quite a windfall.

But, reality-check time: Mortgages are only assumable in certain situations, and there are pros and cons to consider. If you’re home shopping and want to consider this option, read on to learn more, including what is an assumable mortgage, how to know if a mortgage is assumable, the benefits of an assumable home loan, and, of course, the downsides of an assumable mortgage.

Key Points

•   An assumable mortgage allows a buyer to take over the seller’s existing mortgage.

•   The buyer often must qualify with the lender for the assumable mortgage.

•   The buyer must cover the difference between the mortgage balance and the home’s value.

•   FHA, VA, and USDA loans are often assumable.

•   Assumable mortgages can save money on interest payments and closing costs.

What Does Assumable Mortgage Mean?

The meaning of an assumable mortgage is that the buyer, when purchasing a home, takes over the existing mortgage held by the seller. This means the buyer assumes responsibility for the loan’s outstanding balance, its interest rate, and making payments for the remaining loan term.

This can be an appealing option if, say, the seller’s mortgage has a considerably lower interest rate than is currently available. In this scenario, the buyer could stand to save thousands over the life of the mortgage loan.

However, a buyer may also need to finance the amount of equity the seller has in the home.

It’s important to note that not all mortgages are assumable. For those that are, it’s recommended that all parties know in advance what obligations they have when they agree to a mortgage assumption, just as with any other financial agreement.

Note: SoFi does not offer assumable mortgages at this time. However, SoFi does offer fixed-rate and variable-rate mortgages and special opportunities for first-time homebuyers. Learn more from the Home Loan Help Center.

How Do Assumable Mortgages Work?

With an assumable mortgage, the buyer will become the holder of the mortgage originally taken out by the seller. The buyer, as mentioned above, may have to clear certain qualification hurdles to do so.

But there’s more to answering the question, how does assuming a mortgage work: It’s also important to note that, as briefly mentioned above, the homebuyer must make up any difference between the amount owed on the mortgage and the property’s current value. That could mean the buyer pays cash to make up the difference or takes out a second mortgage.

An example: Say a house is valued at $350,000, and the home seller has a $225,000 balance on the home’s original mortgage. Under the terms of most assumable mortgage loans, the homebuyer would need to deliver $125,000 at closing to cover the difference between the original mortgage and the current estimated value of the home, usually determined by an appraisal.

Another important aspect of how assumable mortgage loans work are the two models possible: a simple mortgage assumption or a novation-based mortgage assumption.

Simple Assumption

In a typical simple mortgage assumption, the buyer and seller agree to engage in a private transaction.

•   This means that the mortgage lender is not necessarily aware of the transfer of the mortgage and therefore the new buyer does not go through the mortgage qualification and underwriting process with the lender.

•   The home seller usually just transfers the title of the property to the buyer after the buyer agrees to take over the remaining mortgage payments.

•   If the buyer misses monthly payments or defaults on the original mortgage loan, the lender could hold both parties responsible for the debt, and the credit scores of both buyer and seller could be significantly damaged if the debt isn’t repaid. In this scenario, an assumable mortgage home for sale could wind up being problematic for both parties.

Novation-Based Assumption

Unlike a simple mortgage assumption, where mortgage underwriting usually isn’t directly involved, an assumption with novation means the lender is involved.

•   The lender vets the buyer and agrees to the loan transfer.

•   This means the buyer agrees to assume total responsibility for the existing mortgage debt and remaining payments.

•   Under those terms, the original mortgage lender releases the home seller from liability for the remaining mortgage loan debt. The new documentation, such as a deed of trust (if used), will be in the buyer’s name alone.

What Types of Loans Are Assumable?

There are many different types of mortgage loans but not all are assumable. Typically, home loans that operate outside the federal government’s mortgage loan environment, such as conventional 30-year mortgages issued by private lenders, are not assumable. (How do you know if a conventional mortgage is assumable? It will likely be an adjustable-rate loan, and the seller will have to check with their lender to be sure.)

Certain kinds of mortgages that are insured by the government and issued by private lenders are, however, assumable. A seller usually must obtain lender approval for the assumption, or in the case of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) loans, agency approval. And the buyer must qualify. These loans include:

•   FHA loans: The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) insures these mortgages, which are popular with first-time homebuyers. With a minimum 3.5% down payment for borrowers with a credit score of 580 or higher, FHA mortgages are assumable.

•   VA loans: Home loans guaranteed by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) are also assumable, and — perhaps surprisingly — the buyer does not have to be a veteran or in the military. It’s important to understand VA loan assumption clearly before proceeding. Note: The seller of these loans may remain responsible for the mortgage if the buyer defaults.

•   USDA loans: Loans guaranteed by the Department of Agriculture (USDA) are assumable only if the current owner is up to date on payments.

One last note about the options above: While assumable mortgages can be part of a wrap-around mortgage, they are not one and the same.

When a mortgage is assumed, the buyer pays the lender every month. With a wrap-around mortgage, which is a kind of owner-financing, the buyer pays the seller.

Why Do Assumable Mortgages Exist?

Actually landing an assumable debt can be beneficial for both a buyer and seller, but the mortgage lending industry may not make it easy to cut a deal. Why? Because as history attests, mortgage lenders may lose money on assumable mortgages.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, when interest rates were at the highest levels in modern history, assumable mortgage deals were attractive to buyers who could take over a seller’s mortgage at the original loan interest rate. In many cases, this would yield a bargain vs. the then-current rate for a new mortgage. (How high did rates go? In October 1981, 30-year fixed-rate mortgages hit an eye-watering peak of 18.45%.)

Mortgage companies, however, could see that they would lose money if home buyers chose a lower-rate assumable loan over a higher-rate new mortgage loan. That’s one reason mortgage companies began inserting “due on sale” clauses, which mandated full repayment of the loan for most home transactions.

As the FHA and VA began issuing more mortgage loans to homebuyers, they offered more relaxed rules allowing assumption transactions. Mortgages could transfer to the homebuyer as long as they demonstrated the ability to repay the remaining home loan balance, usually after a thorough credit check.

Pros and Cons of Assumable Mortgages

Assumable mortgage loans have upsides and downsides.

Upsides of an Assumable Mortgage

First, consider these pluses:

•   A lower rate may be possible. The buyer may save significant money on the loan if the original mortgage’s interest rate is lower than current rates.

•   Closing costs are curbed. The buyer might also benefit because closing costs are minimized in private home sale transactions between a buyer and a seller.

•   No appraisal is needed. With no need to get a new mortgage on the property, a home appraisal isn’t required for a mortgage assumption, which can save time and money. The buyer could request an appraisal as part of the general home purchase agreement, however.

Downsides of an Assumable Mortgage

Now, the minuses:

•   Upfront cash may be required. To meet the terms of an assumable mortgage, the buyer may need to have a substantial amount of upfront cash or take out a second mortgage to close the deal. This usually occurs when the property’s value is greater than the mortgage balance. The seller has perhaps built up considerable equity over the years.

•   Second mortgages can be problematic. Second mortgages aren’t always easy to obtain, as mortgage lenders may be reluctant to issue a second home loan when the original mortgage still has a balance due. And a second mortgage probably carries closing costs, meaning the seller needs to shell out more cash.

•   The property may be in distress. In some cases, the home seller may be eager to get out of a home that is proving to be too expensive for their budget. Simply put, they might be behind on payments. In that event, the mortgage lender may require the mortgage to be made current (meaning getting up to date on payments) before it will approve an assumable mortgage.

•   FHA loans may carry an add-on. If the home seller puts down less than 10% of the home’s cost when getting an FHA loan, there will be a mortgage insurance premium for the entire loan term. This would add to the buyer’s monthly costs.

Here’s how this intel stacks up in chart form:

Pros of Assuming a Mortgage

Cons of Assuming a Mortgage

Possibility of a lower interest rate than market rate, saving money over the life of the loan Buyer must make up difference if home value exceeds mortgage balance
Reduced closing costs Home may be in distress
Home appraisal not necessary FHA loans usually carry mortgage insurance premium

Examples of Assumable Mortgages

If you’re hoping to find an assumable mortgage, it will most likely be a government-insured or -issued loan, as mentioned above; perhaps one offered as a first-time homebuyer program. Here’s a bit more about these mortgages and how a loan assumption would work:

•   Federal Housing Authority (FHA) loans: These government loans, which are insured by the FHA, may be assumable. Both parties involved in a mortgage assumption, however, must qualify in certain ways. For instance, the seller must have been living in the home as a primary residence for a period of time, and the buyer needs to be approved via the usual FHA loan application process.

•   Veterans Affairs (VA) loans: If a seller has a loan backed by the VA, it may indeed be assumable. A buyer who wants to take over the loan can apply for a VA loan assumption and doesn’t need to be a current or former member of the military service.

•   U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) loans: To assume a USDA loan on a rural property, a buyer will have to show an adequate income and credit to be approved by the USDA.

Recommended: Buying a Home with a Non-Spouse

Who Are Assumable Mortgages For?

Assuming a mortgage can be a good option for those who are property shopping in a time of high or rising interest rates and would like to take over the seller’s lower-rate loan. This can help save money, and it can also spare the buyer some of the time, energy, and money needed to apply for a new loan.

In addition, an assumable mortgage may work best for buyers with access to cash, as they will probably need to cover the difference between the mortgage amount and the value of the home they are buying.

Who Are Assumable Mortgages Not For?

Those purchasing a home that currently has a conventional mortgage will most likely not be able to take over that loan.

Additionally, if a mortgage is assumable, it’s important to recognize this scenario: If there’s a considerable gap between the mortgage amount and the property’s value, the buyer needs to bridge that. That means either ponying up a chunk of cash or finding a second mortgage, which may not be financially feasible for some prospective homebuyers.

How to Get an Assumable Mortgage Loan

Here are some points to consider if you are contemplating assuming a mortgage:

•   First, confirm that the loan is assumable. For most conventional mortgages, assumption is not an option.

•   If assumption is possible, the homebuyer must apply for the assumable mortgage and be vetted for creditworthiness and the ability to meet all the contractual requirements. It’s vital that the buyer show that they have the financial assets needed to qualify for the loan. Even in a simple assumption (more on that below) the buyer may need to reassure the seller that they are creditworthy.

•   Recognize that the buyer will need to make up any difference between the amount owed and the home’s current value. This means that if the seller of a $300,000 home has a $100,000 mortgage that’s assumable, the buyer would need to be able to come up with $200,000 to assume that loan, either by paying cash or by getting a second mortgage. Obviously, this scenario could present a significant financial hurdle for many prospective homebuyers.

•   If the mortgage lender or agency signs off on the deal, the property title goes to the homebuyer, who starts making monthly mortgage payments to the lender or mortgage servicer.

•   If the lender denies the application, the home seller must move on, and the buyer would likely resume shopping elsewhere.

Recommended: How to Buy a Multi-Family Property

The Takeaway

If you can’t find a property with an assumable mortgage or don’t feel this financing option is right for you, rest assured there are other ways to finance your purchase.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

Is it a good idea to assume a mortgage?

Assuming a mortgage can have benefits. If you find an assumable-mortgage home for sale, you might be able to take over the seller’s mortgage at a lower rate than what’s currently offered by lenders, thereby saving you money over the life of the loan. Closing costs and schedules might also be leaner. However, mortgage assumption is not always possible, and if it is, you may have to make up the difference between the mortgage amount and the home’s current value.

What is required to assume a mortgage?

To assume a mortgage, the seller must have a loan that allows for assumption. These are usually government-insured or -issued mortgage loans. In addition, you may have to submit credentials to the lender and be approved. You may also have to pay the difference between the mortgage amount and the property’s market value.

How much does it cost to assume a mortgage?

Typically, when you assume a mortgage, you may pay some closing costs, but these could be lower than on a new loan. In addition, there may be a one-time funding fee; for instance, on a VA loan, this amounts to 0.5% of the existing mortgage balance. Last but not least: The buyer usually has to pay the difference between the remaining balance on the mortgage and the current value of the home.

What mortgages are assumable?

Government loans such as FHA, USDA, and VA loans are often assumable. Conventional loans (those issued by private lenders and not via a federal government mortgage loan program) are usually not assumable. When in doubt, the mortgage holder should inquire with their lender.


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*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

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