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Doom spending is spending money to cope with stress when the future seems uncertain or troubling, such as when the economic or political outlook appears grim. For example, a person might be feeling anxious about how high their housing costs are and what will happen in an upcoming election. To distract themselves from these worries, they might splash out on a special sushi dinner, concert tickets, or new clothes. The thinking here? “What’s ahead looks dicey, so I might as well enjoy myself now.”

If you can relate to this, read on to learn more about the causes of doom spending and how not to let it harm your financial standing.

Understanding Doom Spending

Doom spending is a phenomenon in which people may overspend in response to stressful times. For instance, when the world is filled with political and economic uncertainty, consumers (especially younger ones) may feel there’s no point in saving. A voice inside their head may ask, “Why bother?” Instead, they decide to live in the moment and go shopping as a distraction and mood lifter.

An October 2024 survey by Qualtrics on behalf of Credit Karma found that 27% of all Americans engage in doom spending, and it’s especially prevalent among younger adults. In fact, 39% of millennials and 37% of Gen Zers admit they have spent money in this way.

Financial experts say these generations may be especially vulnerable to feelings of hopelessness and doom spending, as they came of age in a time of economic uncertainty and are living in an era with high housing costs, massive student debt, and considerable inflation (consumer prices rose more than 22% between January 2021 and January 2025). Many may find that they currently have a lot less in their bank accounts than they’d like.

While there is nothing wrong with occasional rewards, doom spending can result in credit card debt and a reduced ability to save for the future. According to a recent Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) study, 26% of Americans say they spend more than they earn.

Recommended: What Are Fixed vs. Variable Expenses?

Psychological Triggers Behind Doom Spending

Here’s a closer look at some of the causes of doom spending.

Stress and Anxiety

Stress and anxiety can trigger doom spending, and there’s little doubt that they are rampant right now. According to the American Psychological Association (APA), many people in the U.S. have been negatively impacted by societal division, systemic isolation, a lack of emotional support, misinformation anxiety, and the rise of artificial intelligence. All of those issues can come together and create a feeling of future doom.

And according to a recent Nationwide Retirement Institute study, Gen Zers are leaning into spending despite having long-term financial concerns, with 17% saying that they’re spending more on leisure now because they may never be able to retire.

Impulse Control Issues

Shopping can bring joy in a few different ways. Research has shown that purchasing an item you desire can empower you with a sense of control. It can also flood your brain with dopamine, a feel-good neurotransmitter.

When people feel that the future is gloomy, they may crave that feel-good flood even more and, therefore, easily give in to impulse purchases. Spending money in this way can be a relief and a release. It’s a distraction that lets you treat yourself and temporarily escape your worries.

Societal and Peer Pressure

Social media can exacerbate doom spending by driving you to spend money to “keep up with the Joneses.” It can also lead to fear of missing out (FOMO) spending and you only live once (YOLO) spending.

Because the future seems cloudy and so expensive, you may not bother to plan for it. Instead, you might follow a friend’s, coworker’s, or social media influencer’s lead and spend money on the latest trendy purchase or experience. It can create a feeling of belonging and help you escape all the doom-driven anxiety.

Recommended: Financial Planning Tips for Young Adults in Their 20s

Consequences of Doom Spending

The consequences of doom spending can be mild or more significant but typically include the following:

•   Blowing your budget: Additional spending can make it hard to stick to a budget. If you’re buying more nonessentials, you may come up short when it’s time to make your student loan payment. Or you might have to stop contributing to your retirement plan so you can make ends meet.

•   Credit card debt: Credit card debt in the U.S. reached a record high in the first quarter of 2026 (hitting $1.25 trillion). That’s a whole lot of swiping and tapping going on, and doom spending may be a contributing factor. Shopping with credit cards can feel as if purchases don’t cost anything since no hard cash changes hands. But if you go overboard with doom spending, you may get an eye-watering bill. Given today’s ultra-high credit card interest rates (currently averaging 21%), it can be hard to get out from under credit card debt once it starts racking up.

•   Ability to save: When you spend money on fun treats and impulse purchases to relieve stress and buoy your spirits, it may well be borrowed from money you were going to save. Whether those dollars were earmarked for an emergency fund, retirement account, the down payment on a house, or another purpose, doom spending can set you back in terms of your short- and long-term financial goals.

•   Increased stress: Knowing that you’ve overspent can heighten the anxiety you are already feeling. Many people feel guilty about spending money, and a doom-triggered spending spree can create more worries about their financial future.

Strategies to Manage and Prevent Doom Spending

If you’ve been doom spending (or tempted to), these strategies can help you rein in the impulse.

Setting a Budget

A good budget helps organize your money and keep your spending on track. It can provide guardrails for how your income will be spent and saved. There are many different types of budgets, so you may need to experiment to find the method that works best for you. One popular approach is the 50/30/20 budget rule, which says that 50% of your take-home pay should go to needs, 30% to wants, and 20% to savings and/or additional debt payments. With a budget like this in place, you know just how much (30%) can go toward fun expenditures and can stick to that figure.

Once you determine how much you want to put toward savings each month, it’s a good idea to set up an automated transfer from your checking account to your savings account for the same day each month (perhaps right after you get paid). That way, the money gets whisked away and won’t sit there, tempting you to spend it.

You can set a budget and track your spending with pen and paper, or you might want to download a budgeting and spending app to your phone to simplify the process.

Self-Control Techniques

Being aware of what triggers you to doom spend can help you stop. For example, if you know you tend to shop on Sundays when you start feeling anxious about the week ahead and life in general, fill your calendar. You might set up a standing date to go walking or running with a friend or take on a volunteer gig or side hustle so you’re too busy to spend.

Many people impulse buy online or on social media. If you tend to overspend in this way, consider disabling one-click shopping. It’s also a good idea to delete your credit card details from your devices. That way, it won’t be so easy to mindlessly spend money while scrolling.

Recommended: How to Stop Spending Money

Seeking Professional Help

If you feel your doom spending isn’t yielding to the above techniques, you might want to enlist the help of a professional. A financial planner could help with budgeting, or a therapist could guide you to uncover and address the emotional aspects of your spending.

A financial therapist could also be helpful. They merge money know-how and an understanding of human behavior to resolve issues such as doom spending.

The Takeaway

Doom spending is a way of coping with stress by spending money. When you feel as if the world is uncertain and anxiety-provoking, you may find relief by shopping. But this can negatively impact your finances and create more money worries. Fortunately, there are several strategies that can help you control doom spending and stick to a budget.

The right banking partner can also help by giving you tools to help you track and grow your money.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

What are the common signs of doom spending?

Common signs of doom spending include:

•   Making impulsive purchases in response to feeling stressed or anxious about the future

•   Feeling temporary relief or pleasure after spending but later regretting the purchase

•   Frequently buying things you don’t need

•   Neglecting to save for the future

How can I break the cycle of doom spending?

Here’s a look at some strategies that can help you break the cycle of doom spending:

•   Create a monthly spending budget.

•   Set up a recurring monthly transfer from checking to savings.

•   Uncover your spending triggers and work to avoid or eliminate them.

•   Practice mindful spending by pausing before each purchase and assessing if it’s truly necessary.

•   Seek alternatives for stress relief, such as exercise or hobbies, to replace spending as a coping mechanism.

•   Work with a financial advisor or psychologist/therapist.

Are there tools or apps to help manage spending habits?

Yes, there are a number of online tools and apps that can help you manage your spending habits, set up a budget, and monitor financial goals. Popular options include YNAB (You Need a Budget), Goodbudget, and EveryDollar. You might also check with your bank to see what tools they offer to track and organize your finances.

Photo credit: iStock/YakobchukOlena

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SOBNK-Q226-070

A Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) code, a group of letters and numbers used globally to identify a bank account, is similar to a routing number but functions differently.

Say you want to transfer money from your bank account to someone else’s. You’ll need to know some basic information about the recipient’s financial institution and their account. This ensures safe and accurate electronic transfers of funds. If you’re conducting a domestic transfer (that is, from one bank account in the United States to another), an American Bankers Association (ABA) routing number will be required. If you are moving funds internationally (sending money to another country from the U.S. or vice versa), a SWIFT code is typically required.

Understanding SWIFT Codes

To send money internationally, you’ll usually need a SWIFT code. Learn more about how this string of letters and numbers usually works.

What Is a SWIFT Code?

The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT) is a network that allows banks and other financial institutions to electronically communicate with each other securely, across borders. A key part of that involves a SWIFT code, also called a Business Identifier Code (BIC), which identifies a specific bank, with information about the country, the location, and, if applicable, the branch.

Purpose and Usage of SWIFT Codes

SWIFT codes identify specific details of a bank to ensure international payments are going to the right bank. These codes are comprised of 8-11 alphanumeric characters:

•   The first four characters are letters and represent the name of the bank.

•   The next two characters, also letters, indicate the country the bank is located in.

•   The next (and sometimes final) two characters can be letters or numbers and indicate where the bank’s main office is located.

•   In instances where the bank is large enough to have branches in multiple countries, cities, or regions, there may be a three-digit branch code at the end of the SWIFT code.

If you’re sending an international wire transfer from the United States, you’ll usually need to know the recipient’s SWIFT code. There are a number of countries that do not participate in SWIFT, but generally speaking, SWIFT is the global standard for international payments.

Recommended: Guide to International Bank Account Numbers (IBANs)

Understanding Routing Number

To send money within the United States, you’ll usually need a routing number. Here’s important information about what this series of digits is and how it functions.

What Is a Routing Number?

A routing number is a nine-digit code composed of numbers that are used to identify banks and credit unions within the United States during domestic transfers.

These codes have been around for more than a century. The American Bankers Association (ABA) started to link routing numbers to financial institutions in 1910 as a unique identifier.

Purpose and Usage of Routing Numbers

Like a SWIFT code, a routing number helps direct money transfers to the right financial institution. You’ll also need the recipient’s bank account number to successfully move the funds.

You might think of the routing number like a street name for your bank account (Main or Church Street, say), but your bank account number is the actual numeric portion of your address (to continue the analogy, this would specifically identify a house), to ensure money goes to the right “home” on that “street.”

It’s worth noting that Canada also uses routing numbers, but not ABA routing numbers. Instead, Canada’s eight- or nine-digit routing numbers include a three-digit institution number, a five-digit transit number, and possibly a zero.

ACH transfers and wire transfers require knowing the recipient’s bank account and routing number. And you’ll frequently need to know your own routing number for several common transactions, such as:

•   Online bill and tax payments

•   Payment app setup

•   Direct deposit setup

There are some ways to send money to another person in the United States without needing to know their routing number. For instance, you can write and mail a check, you can send a money order, and you can use a peer-to-peer (P2P) transfer app to send money to someone in the U.S. without needing to know their routing number.

Differences Between SWIFT Codes and Routing Numbers

While they serve a similar purpose in electronic funds transfers, there are some key differences when comparing SWIFT codes vs. routing numbers.

Domestic vs International Transactions

In the U.S., you’ll use routing numbers for domestic transfers. For international transactions, you’ll need to know the recipient’s SWIFT code. U.S. banks typically have a SWIFT code for such situations that is specific to each branch. (Some smaller banks and credit unions may not, however, have SWIFT codes.)

Code Structure and Format

Routing numbers are nine characters, all digits. SWIFT codes are alphanumeric and are typically between 8 and 11 characters long.

Issuing Authorities

The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications oversees SWIFT codes and was founded in 1973. The American Bankers Association manages routing numbers in the U.S. and was established much earlier — in 1910.

Recommended: How to Send Money to Someone Without a Bank Account

When To Use SWIFT Codes and Routing Numbers

If you are wiring money internationally, you’ll need to know a recipient’s SWIFT code. (There are a number of countries that do not use SWIFT codes, in which case you’ll need to find an alternate way to identify their bank during an electronic transfer or move money using another method.) Similarly, if someone is wiring money from another country to you in the U.S., you’ll need to provide them with your bank’s SWIFT code.

If you’re transferring money to someone else domestically in the United States, you’ll instead need to know their bank’s routing number. You’ll also need your own routing number when transferring funds, setting up direct deposit, online payments, and other forms of digital transfers and payments.

Locating SWIFT Codes and Routing Numbers

You can typically find your SWIFT code on a bank statement or on your bank’s website or app. Call customer service for your bank if you’re unable to locate it.

Your routing number can be found online or via mobile app when you log into your account. The routing number is also printed on your paper checks. Typically, it’s the first set of numbers on the lower left corner of a check.

The Takeaway

SWIFT codes and routing numbers serve the same basic purpose of helping to identify banks when transferring money electronically, but they’re used for different kinds of transfers. Domestic transfers in the U.S. rely on routing numbers while international transfers typically need SWIFT codes.

Are you in need of a bank account to begin sending and receiving money? See what SoFi offers.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

Can a SWIFT code be used for domestic transactions?

In the U.S., SWIFT codes are not used for domestic transactions. Instead, you’ll need to know your bank account number and routing number, as well as the bank account and routing number of the person you’re wiring money to. Or, if someone is transferring funds to you, they will need your identifying information, including your bank account number and routing number.

Are SWIFT codes and routing numbers interchangeable?

When considering SWIFT codes vs. routing numbers, it’s important to recognize that they’re not interchangeable. They are issued by different authorities, have a different number of characters, and are used for different purposes. While similar, routing numbers are for domestic transfers, and SWIFT codes are for international transfers.

What happens if I use the wrong SWIFT code or routing number?

If you use the wrong SWIFT code or routing number for a wire transfer, the transaction will typically fail, and the payment will be returned to you. In some cases, you might have to pay a fee (including if you resubmit the transaction), and the money could be routed to the wrong account. For this reason, it’s important to verify that you have the correct SWIFT or routing number when transferring funds.

Photo credit: iStock/jjlim80

SOBNK-Q226-063

You can typically remove yourself from a joint bank account, but financial institutions’ policies on this may vary. It’s wise to check with your bank about how to separate yourself from a shared account.

Joint bank accounts can work well for many banking customers. Spouses may find it easier to budget together with a joint bank account, and parents may open a bank account with a child to help them learn how to manage their money. But what happens when you no longer want to be on the joint bank account?

What Is a Joint Bank Account?

A joint bank account is a checking or savings account that is shared between two or more people. Each person has full access to the money, meaning they can withdraw, deposit, and spend funds without having to get the other account holder’s approval.

Account holders generally have joint access to the checking or savings account and are both responsible for any debts and fees it incurs. For instance, if the account goes into overdraft, the joint account will incur fees, even if only one party was responsible.

Reasons to Remove Yourself From a Joint Bank Account

As time passes, joint account holders may no longer need or want to share an account. Here are a few reasons why someone would want to remove themselves from a joint account.

Separation or Divorce

When breaking up with a partner or divorcing a spouse, you’ll likely want total control of your own money.

That means you’ll need to close any joint bank accounts (and joint credit cards) and start anew, or simply remove yourself from the account and start your own while your ex maintains the existing account, if allowed by the bank.

End of Business Partnership

If you and a business partner are closing your enterprise and going your separate ways, you will want to shut down your business checking account and/or business savings account. If you’re stepping down from the business, but the partner is going to continue running it, it might be possible to remove your name from the account rather than close it completely.

Child Getting Their Own Account

Some parents may choose to be a joint account holder on their child’s first bank account. This can help parents teach a child about money management and monitor financial decisions closely. When children go to college, this can be an easy way to ensure they have enough money for food, rent, books, and other expenses.

But at a certain point, it makes sense for a parent to remove themself from the child’s checking account, if the bank allows it.

Recommended: Married Couple With Two Roth IRAs

Reduction of Financial Ties

There are other specific scenarios where joint account holders may want to sever their financial ties. For instance, if the other account holder (nonspouse) is being sued, you may want to remove them from the account to protect the assets. Removing someone else from a joint account, however, typically requires that individual’s consent and may depend on bank policy or state law.

Steps to Remove Yourself From a Joint Bank Account

In terms of how to remove yourself from a joint bank account, some banks will allow one party to exit, often with the other person’s consent. Other banks, however, may require the account to be closed in full, rather than remove a single account holder.

Assuming your bank allows you to remove yourself from the joint account and you have alerted the other account holder(s), here are the steps you’ll typically need to follow.

Request Account Closure or Complete Paperwork

The first step to removing yourself from a joint bank account is reading your bank’s policy or reaching out to a customer service representative to understand the process. In some cases, the bank may simply require you to close the account entirely. State laws and individual bank policies typically require all joint bank account holders to approve the closure before you can move forward.

If the bank will let you remove your name from a joint account, follow the bank’s guidelines, which may require consent from the other account holder and could depend on the account terms or state law.

Pay Fees

Before closing a joint account, make sure there is enough money in the account to cover any checks that haven’t cleared or automatic payments that haven’t been made to help avoid fees. But in the case of simply removing yourself from a joint account but keeping it open in the other account holder’s name, you should work out if you’re responsible for paying off any account debts before taking yourself off the account.

Withdraw Remaining Funds

You and the joint account holder should review the current balance and determine how much, if any, of the funds you should withdraw for yourself. This will need to be addressed, whether you are closing the account or removing your name from the joint bank account.

You won’t have access to withdraw money once your name is taken off, so make sure you know how to withdraw money from any checking account and savings account you share before moving forward.

Required Documentation

Your bank will spell out specific documentation required when removing yourself from a joint bank account. Typically, you will need to provide:

•   Proof of identification

•   Proof of account ownership, such as a bank statement and debit card

•   Written approval from the other joint account holder(s), as noted above

Recommended: Should Married Couples Have Joint Bank Accounts?

Issues to Be Aware Of

When removing yourself from a joint bank account (or closing the account entirely, if the bank doesn’t allow a single account holder to remove themselves), there are a few things you’ll want to consider.

Outstanding Checks and Automatic Payments

If you’ve written any checks or have any transactions that are currently processing, you’ll want to make sure those go through before you withdraw your portion of the funds from the account. Similarly, if you have automatic bill payments set up, you’ll need to switch these to your new bank account before removing yourself.

Otherwise, the remaining joint account holder will inadvertently pay your next set of bills. Or, if the joint account needs to be closed, you could wind up with a slew of returned (unpaid) payments.

Direct Deposits

Similarly, if you have direct deposit set up with your employer or a government entity (such as Social Security benefits or tax refunds), make sure you redirect those to your new bank account. This ensures you don’t miss any money sent to you.

Remaining Account Holder Approval

Before taking yourself off a joint bank account, you’ll need to let the other account holder know. Banks that allow one account holder to take their name off the account may require you to submit written approval from the other account holder or even require that both parties visit a local branch in person.

Potential Bank Fees

Your bank may charge a fee to remove your name from a joint bank account. Ask your bank about its process for removing your name from a joint account, and check the account agreement to see what requirements apply.

Alternative to Removal

If a bank does not allow you to remove your name from a joint bank account for some reason, one alternative is to close the account altogether. In most circumstances, either person on a joint checking account can withdraw money from and close the account, but you should ask your bank or check the account agreement to see what applies to your account.

You can follow these steps for how to close a joint bank account, if that’s the route you decide to take.

The Takeaway

Opening a joint bank account can add flexibility for people with shared financial goals and responsibilities. However, there may come a time when you no longer want to be on a joint bank account. While some banks may permit you to remove one of the account holders, others may require that you close the account entirely, with each joint member then opening their own new account, if they like.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

Can one person remove themselves from a joint bank account?

Some banks may allow one person to remove themselves from a joint bank account, but there are typically clear guidelines for how to go about this. That may include written permission from the other account holder. In some scenarios, banks and credit unions may require that the account be closed and that each person begin afresh.

Do I have to notify the other person on the account?

If you plan to remove yourself from a joint bank account, you should let the other person know. In fact, banks that allow you to remove your name from a joint account without closing it may require the other account holder’s consent, depending on the account terms and state law.

What if other owners don’t approve the removal?

If you would like to be removed from a joint bank account but the other account holder won’t agree, work with your financial institution to determine the next steps, as they may vary from bank to bank and state to state. Because rules vary by bank and account agreement, contacting the financial institution directly is often the best way to confirm your options.

Photo credit: iStock/zamrznutitonovi

SOBNK-Q126-059

Microdeposits are small amounts of money, usually less than $1, temporarily added to your account. They are generally used to confirm that a bank account is valid and able to accept funds. Another reason a microdeposit might be used is as a security feature when you’re linking your bank account to another bank account or to a third-party service, such as a budgeting app.

You’re typically asked to verify the amount of a microdeposit to prove that you’re the account holder. This can help reduce the risk of fraudulent activity on a bank account. Learn more about microdeposits and how they can impact your banking activity.

Defining a Microdeposit

Microdeposits are a type of deposit or funds added to your bank account, but they’re very small amounts. Here are more details about how they work.

Small Temporary Deposits

The term microdeposit describes one or more small transfers of funds, each typically less than $1. They are usually sent by one bank to another bank when an account holder tries to link two bank accounts for transferring money between them or perhaps for overdraft protection, for example. They may also be sent when you’re validating that you want your bank account linked to a particular service.

These deposits are usually temporary — you aren’t actually being paid for anything. After the microdeposits are sent, the account holder typically verifies their amounts, and the funds are usually withdrawn by the issuing bank within a few days.

Purpose and Use Cases

One of the biggest reasons banks use microdeposits is to verify that a particular person is the owner of a specific bank account. Microdeposit verification is often used when someone tries to link a bank account to a type of account at a different bank. Using microdeposits allows the bank to authenticate that the person requesting the linkage is the actual owner of the account. This helps reduce fraud and ensure the safety and security of accounts.

Recommended: Savings Account Calculator

How Microdeposits Work

The way microdeposits work is typically straightforward. If you enter your bank’s routing and account number to link your account to another bank or a third-party service, you may receive microdeposits. Generally, two microdeposits are sent, each for an amount under $1.

Once you receive the microdeposits in the bank account that you’re trying to link, you go back to the other website and verify the microdeposits by typing in their amount. Shortly after the microdeposits are sent (generally within a couple of days), the bank will withdraw the money that was deposited. This ensures that there’s no net change in your account’s value after the microdeposit process is complete.

Why Microdeposits Are Used

One of the primary reasons that banks use microdeposits is to prevent bank account fraud. These deposits help verify that you’re the legal owner of a bank account that you are trying to link to or otherwise use. Without this step, it might be possible for an unauthorized person to link your account to another account and then withdraw money from your account or commit other fraudulent activity.

Identifying and Confirming Microdeposits

A crucial step to the microdeposit process is identifying and confirming the microdeposits. It generally takes a few days for the microdeposits to show up in your account. Once you see them, you can return to the app or bank account where you initiated the linking process. By entering the amount of the microdeposits, you can usually complete the microdeposit confirmation process.

One thing to watch out for is microdeposits that you didn’t expect to receive. If you see microdeposits in your account when you have not tried to link it to another account, contact your bank’s customer service or fraud department. You may have been targeted by a fraud or phishing attack, meaning that someone may be attempting unauthorized access to your account.

Recommended: How to Transfer Money From One Bank to Another

Potential Drawbacks and Limitations

While they are quite common, there are a few potential drawbacks and limitations to the microdeposit process.

Delayed Transactions and Clearance Times

It typically takes one to three days for the microdeposits to arrive and be verified. This means that linking your bank account to another account or service is unlikely to happen instantaneously.

Account Restrictions and Holds

If you see microdeposits hit your account and you haven’t tried to link your account to any other bank or third-party app, you’ll want to contact your bank’s fraud or customer service department right away. This is because it may mean that someone else has tried to link your bank account to another account or service. This is one of the common bank scams, and your account may need to have some restrictions put in place.

Confusion and Misunderstandings

Seeing microdeposits in your checking account may cause confusion, even if they are part of a process you initiated. You might well see one of these little deposits and spend time asking yourself who would be sending you 17 cents or whatever the amount is. Understanding what microdeposits are and perhaps noting in your calendar when they’re likely to hit can help clear up any confusion or misunderstandings.

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Scams Using Microdeposits

If you see microdeposits in your account when you have not tried to link your account, you may be the victim of a mobile deposit scam or other type of fraud. Here’s how these typically work:

•   Scammers may try to link your account to another account, generating microdeposits in your account.

•   They then try to get you to authenticate the deposits via a verification message.

•   If you do confirm the amounts (thinking the request is legitimate), they may be able to link your account to one they control, with the goal of withdrawing money from your account.

If you ever see microdeposits in your account that you didn’t initiate, follow these steps:

•   Do not verify the microdeposit.

•   Do not click on any links or downloads connected with the microdeposit and verification request.

•   Contact your bank’s security or fraud department immediately.

•   You might also let the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) at ftc.gov know of this scam so they can take appropriate steps.

Protecting yourself from this kind of scam is important as fraud rises, with 3 million Americans enduring some form of fraud in 2025, according to the FTC.

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The Takeaway

Microdeposits (sometimes referred to as micro deposits or micro-deposits) are small deposits to your account, generally used to verify that your account is valid and that you’re the owner. Microdeposits are often two small, temporary deposits (usually under $1) that, when confirmed, allow two accounts or your account and a service to be linked. Though microdeposit verification is usually a security measure, unexpected microdeposits can be a sign of a scam in progress, so be wary.

If you’re looking for a banking partner that makes accessing and growing your money easy, see what SoFi offers.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

Are microdeposits refunded or removed from the account?

Yes, microdeposits are generally refunded from your account, usually a few days after they are deposited, with one withdrawal transaction. One example might be if you receive two microdeposits, one for $0.11 and the other for $0.34. In this case, the withdrawal would be for $0.45, meaning that the microdeposit process has no lasting effect on your overall balance.

Do microdeposits affect my available balance or account status?

Microdeposits don’t have an impact on your available balance because of how small they are. You’ll see a very small increase in your available balance due to the microdeposits, but that will go away after a few days. That’s because the bank that put the microdeposits into your account will withdraw that money after a few days, leaving your account balance as before.

What if I can’t locate or identify the microdeposit amounts?

If you can’t locate or identify the microdeposit amounts, it may mean that there was a problem with the linking process. It’s possible that you made a typo or other error when inputting your routing and account numbers. Keep in mind that it can also take a couple days for these microdeposits to show up in your account, so if it’s been a few days, you might try to restart the linking process or contact your bank or the third-party service’s customer service department.

Photo credit: iStock/SrdjanPav

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An IRA CD is simply an individual retirement account (IRA) in which the investor has opened one or more certificates of deposit (CDs).

This may provide tax advantages and be a smart long-term move for some savers. Keep reading to learn how an IRA CD works and its pros and cons.

What Is an IRA CD?

An IRA CD is part of an IRA where your money is invested in certificates of deposit. In other words, an IRA CD is a traditional, Roth, or other type of IRA account where the funds are invested at least partly in CDs.

Investing in CDs can offer some tax advantages and may be a good option for long-term savings. As you may know, a CD, or certificate of deposit, is a time deposit. You agree to keep your funds on deposit for a certain amount of time, typically at a fixed interest rate.

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How Do IRA CDs Work?

If you choose to put your retirement money in an IRA, you have the chance to choose investments that might include stocks, mutual funds, bonds, and also CDs. By investing in CDs within an IRA, you can add to your portfolio’s diversification. Unlike equities, CDs can offer a predictable rate of return.

By investing in an IRA CD, you no longer have to pay taxes on the interest gains, and the money can grow tax-deferred.

But if you withdraw funds prior to the CD’s maturity date, and you’re under age 59½, you’ll need to pay income taxes and likely a 10% penalty. Plus, your bank may charge you a fee for making an early withdrawal from the CD. Once the IRA CD matures, you can renew the CD or transfer the funds into another investment held in your IRA.

How much can you contribute to an IRA CD? It depends on the type of IRA account you choose. The annual contribution limit for a traditional and Roth IRA is $7,500 for 2026. Those 50 and older can contribute an additional $1,100 per individual, for a total of $8,600 per year. The contribution limits for SEP IRAs are typically higher.

If you choose an IRA CD with a bank or credit union backed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, your money in the IRA CD is insured for up to $250,000 per depositor, per account ownership category, per insured institution. This means that if the bank goes under for any reason, your retirement funds are covered up to that amount.

CD Basics

A CD or a certificate of deposit is a type of savings or deposit account that usually offers a fixed interest rate for locking up your money for a certain period of time, known as the term. An investor deposits funds for the specified term (usually a few months to a few years) and cannot add to the account or withdraw funds from the account until the CD matures.

In exchange for keeping your money in a CD, the bank will offer a higher interest rate compared with a traditional savings account. But the chief appeal for retirement-focused investors is that CDs can provide a steady rate of return, versus other securities in a portfolio which may entail more risk.

You may be able to find variable-rate and promotional-rate CDs as well.

Recommended: How Investment Risk Factors Into a Portfolio

IRA Basics

An IRA or individual retirement account is a tax-advantaged account designed for retirement planning. There are different IRA types to choose from, such as a traditional IRA, Roth IRA, or SEP IRA. By contributing to this type of account, you can have your money grow tax-free or tax-deferred, depending on the type of IRA you open.

Think of an IRA as a box in which you place your retirement investments. With an IRA, investors have the flexibility to invest in a variety of securities for their portfolio.

For this reason, it might make sense for some investors to include CDs as part of their asset allocation within the IRA.

Pros and Cons of IRA CDs

IRA CDs have unique characteristics that can benefit account holders as they think about how to handle their retirement funds. The upsides include:

•   Compared to investing in the stock market where investment returns can be volatile and unpredictable, IRA CDs are low-risk cash investments.

•   CDs guarantee a fixed return.

•   With an IRA CD, there are similar tax benefits that come with a traditional IRA. Investors can enjoy tax benefits, such as growing your account with pretax dollars while having your earnings accumulate tax-deferred until you reach retirement.

There are some cons associated with IRA CDs to keep in mind:

•   With an IRA CD, you have to keep your money locked away for a period of time that varies depending on the maturity date you choose. During this time, you cannot access your funds in the event you need capital.

•   If you decide to withdraw cash prior to the IRA CD’s maturity, you will incur early withdrawal penalties. After age 59½ there is no penalty for withdrawing cash.

•   While putting your retirement funds in an IRA CD is a safer and lower-risk option than investing in the stock market, the returns can be quite low. If you are in retirement and are concerned about the stock market’s volatility, an IRA CD could be a safer option than other securities. But if you are many years away from retirement, an IRA CD may not yield enough returns to outpace inflation over time.

Who Should and Should Not Invest in an IRA CD?

IRA CDs are a safe way to invest money for retirement. However, they are best suited for pre-retirees who are looking for low-risk investments as they approach retirement age.

If you are many years away from retirement, an IRA CD is probably not the best option for you because they are low-risk and low-return retirement savings vehicles. In order to see growth on your investments, you may need to take on some risk.

If you decide an IRA CD is the right option for you, you also must determine if you are comfortable with keeping your money stowed away for a period of time. Account holders can choose the length of maturity that best suits them.

How to Open an IRA CD

The first step is to open an IRA at a bank, brokerage, or other financial institution. Decide if a traditional, SEP, or Roth IRA is right for you. You can set up the IRA in person or online. Once you open an IRA account, you can buy the CD.

Choose the CD that fits your minimum account requirements and length of maturity preference. Typically, the shorter the CD maturity, the lower the minimum to open the account. When considering maturity, you also should compare rates. Often, the longer the maturity, the higher the rate of return.

The Takeaway

If you’re looking to add diversification to the cash or fixed-income part of your portfolio, you might want to consider opening an IRA CD, which simply means funding a CD account within a traditional, Roth, or SEP IRA. Bear in mind that CDs typically offer very low interest rates, though, and your money might see more growth if you chose other securities, such as bonds or bond funds.

If you’re thinking about how to earn a steady rate of return on your savings, consider an account with SoFi.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

What is the difference between an IRA CD and a regular CD?

A standard CD is a separate account you open at a bank or credit union. An IRA CD is where the CD is funded within the IRA itself.

Can you withdraw from an IRA CD?

With a regular CD, you withdraw the funds penalty-free when the CD matures. With an IRA CD, however, you can withdraw the funds penalty-free starting at age 59½, per the rules and restrictions of the IRA.

What happens when an IRA CD matures?

Once your IRA CD matures, you’ll receive the principal plus interest. Then you can either leave the IRA CD as is or renew it. You cannot withdraw the funds from an IRA CD until age 59½, as noted above.

Are IRA CDs safe?

Yes, IRA CDs are considered low-risk. If you open an IRA CD with a federally insured institution, your funds can be covered up to $250,000 per depositor, per account ownership category, per insured institution.

Who offers IRA CDs?

IRA CDs can typically be found at traditional and online-only banks. Credit unions and brokerage firms may also offer them.

Photo credit: iStock/LeszekCzerwonka

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2026 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 5/28/26. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
We do not charge any account, service, or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge transaction fees for outgoing wire transfers, Instant Transfers, and global remittance transfers. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
^Early access to direct deposit funds is based on the timing in which we receive notice of impending payment from the Federal Reserve, which is typically up to two days before the scheduled payment date, but may vary.

*Awards or rankings from Forbes are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.


¹SoFi Bank is a member FDIC and does not provide more than $250,000 of FDIC insurance per depositor per legal category of account ownership, as described in the FDIC’s regulations. Any additional FDIC insurance is provided by the SoFi Insured Deposit Program. Deposits may be insured up to $3M through participation in the program. See full terms at SoFi.com/banking/fdic/sidpterms. See list of participating banks at SoFi.com/banking/fdic/participatingbanks.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

This article is not intended to be legal advice. Please consult an attorney for advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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