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A checking account is a secure place to deposit money and then withdraw funds, say, when it’s time to pay bills. This type of deposit account — either at a bank or credit union — allows you to move funds in and out using different methods. It’s typically considered the hub of a person’s daily financial life, and it’s usually much more flexible compared to other types of bank accounts.

What Is a Checking Account?

The meaning of a checking account is a bank account that’s designed to be used for frequent transactions. FDIC- or NCUA-insured checking accounts are considered safe, and you store your cash in the account and withdraw as needed.

The main goal of a checking account is for you to have a place to put your cash temporarily until needed. The bank expects this money to be moved into and out of your account regularly, which is why these accounts typically don’t pay interest, unlike savings accounts, where the money tends to stay put.

That said, some checking accounts may earn a modest amount of interest, especially those held at online vs. traditional banks.

You can use a checking account to deposit and withdraw funds in a variety of ways, depending on your institution (more details in a minute).

You will also likely find that there are a variety of options available: There are personal, small business, and commercial checking accounts. You can also open one in your name or with someone else as a joint account or authorized user.

How Do Checking Accounts Work?

Now that you know the meaning of a check account, consider how they operate. Checking accounts allow you to deposit and withdraw or spend your money. Depending on your bank and type of bank account, you can deposit in a variety of ways, including:

•   ATM deposit

•   Direct deposit

•   Incoming wire transfer

•   Mobile check deposit

•   ACH deposits (which can include those with PayPal, Venmo, Zelle, and other services).

•   Depositing funds at a brick and mortar location.

These methods can also be used to withdraw or send money to others. For example, if you want to pay for a subscription service using your checking account, you can sign up for automatic withdrawals each month. Or you might be able to send an outgoing wire transfer for your down payment for your home during closing.

5 Types of Checking Accounts

There are several different kinds of checking accounts, each one offering different features.

Traditional Checking

This is a basic checking account you can use for your day-to-day transactions like paying bills or making purchases with your debit card. There aren’t many extra features, though you’ll most likely get unlimited transactions, a debit card, checks, and access to an online or mobile banking portal as well as certain ATMs without a fee. You may need to pay an annual bank fee, maintain a minimum balance, and make a minimum initial deposit.

Interest Checking

An interest-bearing checking account is similar to a basic or traditional checking account except you’ll earn interest. The amount of interest you can earn will vary from bank to bank, but it is typically significantly less than funds in a savings account will earn.

Student or Teen Checking

These accounts are specifically geared towards students or teenagers and may earn interest. In some cases, parents or guardians will also need to have their name on the account and may monitor transactions. One perk to be aware of: These bank accounts may not charge fees.

Senior Checking

Senior checking accounts will offer features similar to basic checking accounts, except you may have more perks such as free checks and other benefits geared towards the senior population, including those on a fixed income.

Second Chance Checking

If you’ve been denied a checking account, you can try applying for a second chance account. These accounts are geared towards those who tend to have negative ChexSystems reports, which can track a person’s banking history. Keep in mind that some may charge fees and have fewer features than other types of accounts.

If you manage this kind of somewhat limited account well, your bank may upgrade you to a standard checking account down the line.

Pros and Cons of a Checking Account

If you’re considering whether a checking account is right for you and how to manage it, take a look at these benefits and downsides of checking accounts.

Pros	Cons
More flexible access to cash	Little or no interest earned on deposits
Ability to set up direct deposit	You may be subject to monthly fees
Access to a debit card	May need to maintain a minimum balance in your account

Checking Accounts vs. Debit Cards

You may wonder exactly how a checking account and a debit card are connected. A debit card is a feature you can get with your checking account that allows you to make withdrawals and deposits at an ATM machine. You can also use it to make purchases at retailers — you may see a Visa or Mastercard symbol on your card. Typically, you can tap or swipe a debit card as you go through your day, whether paying for some groceries or snapping up some new clothes on sale.

The money you spend or deposit will be linked to your checking account. Purchases you make will be deducted typically in real-time. In many cases, your bank or credit union may have limits as to how much you can spend daily, weekly, or monthly when using your debit card.

However, here’s a distinction to note: There are also prepaid debit cards that aren’t part of a checking account. In this case, you can buy one at many major retailers. The purchase price is part of the amount you have on the card.

Using a Checking Account

There are several features that you need to be aware of when you use a checking account; these can make your financial life easier or, in some cases, could literally cost you.

Overdraft Fees

Whenever you make a withdrawal and there isn’t enough money on deposit, you are in what’s known as overdraft (a negative balance). Your bank may choose to deny the transaction (due to non-sufficient funds) or cover the difference. In either case, you are charged a fee — NSF fee or overdraft fee. The amount you’ll be charged will depend on your bank, though you can expect to pay around $35 per overdraft on average.

Some banks may forgive your first overdraft fee (meaning your don’t pay the extra charge) or allow you to link your savings account from the same institution as a form of overdraft protection. That way, if you don’t have enough money in your checking account, your bank will automatically transfer the difference from your savings account.

Autopay

With autopay, you can set up automatic withdrawals from your checking account in regular intervals and in amounts you choose to other accounts. For example, you can use the autopay feature to deposit money into a savings account for your emergency fund or to pay rent every month. Setting up these seamless recurring payments can be part of what people refer to as automating your finances.

Direct Deposit

You can receive deposits automatically into your check account through direct deposit. This is a very popular way for companies to pay their employees, and it eliminates the need for you to have to deposit a paycheck. What your employer or another payor would need to do this: your banking details, such as your routing number, account number, account name, and sometimes the bank’s address and phone number. (You may need to provide a voided check as well.)

Service Charges

Aside from overdraft and NSF fees, you may be charged monthly maintenance fees to have a checking account at a financial institution. In some cases, this fee may only be assessed if you don’t meet the minimum balance requirements. These bank fees are meant to help cover the expenses required to maintain a bank account.

You can avoid fees by choosing a checking account with no monthly fees, or try calling customer service to waive fees, like an overdraft charge if it’s your first time doing so.

ATMs

You can use your debit cards at ATM machines to make deposits or withdrawals. Some bank accounts may charge fees if you’re using one that’s out of network and/or when you’re making withdrawals abroad. It can be wise to read the fine print on your agreement with your bank about your account so you understand what charges may be assessed. Also, you may want to check if fee-free ATMs are conveniently located near where you live and work.

Interest

Not all checking accounts earn you interest, but some do. Granted, they’re probably not as high as compared to savings accounts, but earning some money is better than none. Just be sure to check if minimum balance requirements exist in order for you to reap that interest.

4 Steps to Opening a Checking Account

Though opening a checking account is generally the same across all financial institutions, the specifics may differ. Here, the four basic steps:

1. Review Your Options

Before signing up for an account, shop around to find one that offers the best fit for your needs. Review such features such as fees, interest rates, minimum balance requirements (if any), ATM network accessibility, and whether you want a brick-and-mortar location. Some banks may offer signing bonuses and the like to get your business.

2. Gather Relevant Documentation

Once you’ve chosen your bank and the kind of checking account you want to open, you’ll need to make sure you have the right information available to sign up. This includes your address, name, and Social Security number. You may need to have a government-issued photo ID (like your driver’s license) available. If you’re opening a joint account or adding an additional user, you’ll need that person’s information as well.

3. Fill out the Application

Go to the bank’s website and fill out an application form. In some cases, you may be asked to create an online account before you can complete your checking account application. Another option is likely to go to a bank branch, if you’re applying at a traditional bank, and fill out forms there.

4. Make Your First Deposit

Once your application is approved, you’ll be asked to make your first deposit. Depending on the bank, you can do this in different ways, from mailing in a check to transferring funds online. You may also need to wait several days to allow for the account to be fully opened and your new debit card to arrive in the mail.

Can You Be Denied a Checking Account?

Your application for a checking account may be denied in some cases. Your ChexSystems report — similar to a credit report, but for banking — could show negative remarks that could result in the bank not approving your application.

•   Some of these reasons could include:

•   Too many overdrafts

•   Unpaid banking fees

•   Negative balances

•   Suspected identity theft or fraud.

If you are denied, you can ask the bank for the reason and ask them to reconsider. Otherwise, you can apply for a different type of checking account to see if that works.

In addition, some banks might deny you an account because you lack the requested forms of identification. In that case, you may want to look into other banks that accept alternate forms of ID.

Recommended: Opening a Bank Account as a Non-US Citizen

Checking vs Savings Accounts

Though checking and savings accounts are both types of deposit accounts held at a financial institution, there are some critical differences between the two.

Unlimited Withdrawals

Checking accounts generally provide more flexibility in terms of how many withdrawals you can make. You should be able to take money out as often as you want as long as you have the funds to do so.

Savings accounts used to be limited to six withdrawals per month as mandated by Regulation D, but the regulation has since been dropped during the pandemic. Some financial institutions may still impose this limit — check with your bank to make sure.

Use of Debit Cards

Savings accounts usually don’t provide debit cards, whereas checking accounts do. Having one can make it more convenient to spend your money, since you can use it to make purchases at most retailers.

Interest Rates

Interest rates for savings accounts tend to be higher (often, considerably so) compared to those for checking accounts. That’s why it’s usually recommended that if you’re holding on to your cash, you may be better off depositing it in a savings account. Banks pay you higher interest for the privilege of having that money on deposit and being able to lend some of it out for other purposes.

Creating a Checking Account With SoFi

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall. Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

WWhat is the difference between a savings and checking account?

The definition for a checking account is that it offers flexible ways to deposit and then withdraw your money, allowing you to make frequent additions and subtractions to your account with a minimum of fees. A savings account, however, is meant to store your cash for longer periods of time. Another key difference: Many checking accounts earn no interest, unlike savings accounts, where interest does accrue.

Is a debit card a checking account?

A debit card is not a checking account, but a feature that may come with your checking account. A debit card allows you to transfer funds from your checking account to a merchant, but it is not the account that actually holds your funds.

Is it OK to save money in a checking account?

You can save money in a checking account and it will likely be FDIC- or NCUA-insured, but you may not earn as much interest (if any) as you would with a savings account.

Is there a minimum credit score for a checking account?

A bank most likely won’t check your credit score when reviewing your application for an account. However, it will often look at your ChexSystems report. If you have any past negative behavior such as a large number of overdrafts or negative balances, it could cause your application to be denied.

What is the difference between a checking account and current account?

A checking account is a secure place to deposit and withdraw money for daily use; it tends to earn little or no interest. A current account is either a similar account but used for business purposes or, in macroeconomics, a record of a nation’s financial transactions with the rest of the world.

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Photo credit: iStock/Delmaine Donson

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2023 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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The Automated Clearing House (ACH) system is a quick, simple, and secure way to transfer money between banks. However, online identity theft can still happen.

One way to mitigate the possibility of unauthorized electronic payments is to use an ACH positive pay service. Offered by banks and credit unions typically to businesses, ACH positive pay is a tool that allows you to manage and monitor transactions to ensure that only authorized payments will be paid from your accounts.

Read on to learn more about what ACH positive pay is, how it works, and its benefits.

What Is ACH Positive Pay?

ACH positive pay is a fraud prevention service offered by many banks and credit unions that allows businesses to control which ACH transactions are allowed to post to their accounts.

Also known as positive pay for ACH, the service typically allows you to set up a list of approved vendors that are paid automatically, along with the option to add filters, such as expiration dates and caps on the amount of money that can be paid to a particular company. You can add vendors to your approved list before an initial transaction to make sure the payment goes through.

Any transaction that fails to meet your parameters for payment will trigger an alert. You can then decide if you want to approve or deny the payment. This can go a long way toward preventing fraudulent transactions before they happen.

While banks typically charge for positive pay services, some institutions now offer it for free.

💡 Quick Tip: Tired of paying pointless bank fees? When you open a bank account online you often avoid excess charges.

How Does ACH Positive Pay Work?

The exact way that an ACH positive pay service works will vary depending on your financial institution. Generally, there are four key steps in the positive pay process.

1.    Authorization: A business provides its bank with a list of authorized ACH transactions, including details such as the transaction amount, originator ID, and effective date.

2.    Incoming transactions: When an ACH transaction is initiated, the bank checks the transaction details against the authorized list provided by the business.

3.    Decision: If the transaction details match an authorized transaction, the bank allows the transaction to proceed. If there is no match, the bank rejects the transaction and notifies the business.

4.    Notification: The business receives a notification of the rejected transaction and can review the details to determine if it is fraudulent. If it is legitimate, the business can authorize the transaction for future processing.

Recommended: ACH Transfer Limits: All You Need to Know

What Is Positive Pay For Checks?

Just like a positive pay for ACH system, many banks and credit unions offer businesses positive pay services for checks. The service works in a similar way but, rather than protect against fraudulent electronic transactions, it seeks to prevent check fraud.

With positive pay for checks, businesses provide their bank with a list of issued checks. The bank’s positive pay system then matches the date, check number, dollar amount, and account number of each check presented against that list to protect against forged, altered, and counterfeit checks. Checks that are considered suspicious are sent back to the issuer (you) for examination. This gives you the chance to examine and approve any questionable checks, reducing the chances that any fraudulent checks are processed.

Recommended: ACH vs Check: What Are the Differences?

What Is Reverse Positive Pay?

Reverse positive pay is a variation on the concept of check positive pay that gives the job of filtering check transactions to the business rather than bank.

With the reverse positive pay system, the bank provides the company with daily notifications about all presented checks and clears only those that are approved by the company.

If the company does not respond within a set period of time, the bank will typically go ahead and cash the check(s) in question. The reverse positive method is not as reliable and effective as positive pay, but generally costs less.

Recommended: Guide to Check Verification

Features and Benefits of ACH Positive Pay

Here’s a look at some of the benefits of setting up ACH positive pay for your business.

Security and Fraud Control

One of the biggest perks of ACH positive pay is increased security and fraud detection. You can set up several different blocks, filters, and alerts, such as:

•   ACH block This blocks all ACH transactions except for accounts that you specifically authorize.

•   ACH fraud filter This allows you to set up filters to control what activity is and is not automatically processed.

•   Activity alerts This allows you to monitor all activity or only receive alerts for potentially fraudulent transactions.

Flexible Notifications

While the details of ACH positive pay systems vary by financial institution, businesses can typically choose to receive notifications via email, SMS, or through their banking portal. This allows you to choose the communication method that works best for your business. Notifications can typically also be customized based on the type of transaction or alert.

Recommended: How Often Should You Monitor Your Checking Account?

Internal Control Support

Positive pay systems help businesses maintain internal controls by providing a clear audit trail of authorized transactions. This allows businesses to easily reconcile their accounts by comparing authorized transactions with their bank statements.

The Takeaway

Offered by many banks and credit unions, ACH positive pay can be a valuable tool for businesses looking to enhance their security and control over ACH transactions. By implementing ACH positive pay, you’ll be able to make decisions on unusual ACH transactions before the money is removed from your account.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall. Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

Can I reverse an ACH payment?

While ACH payments are generally non-reversible, there are a few exceptions. You may be able to reverse an ACH payment in one of these scenarios: the payment was for the wrong dollar amount, the account number provided was incorrect, the payment due date was incorrect, or there was a duplicate payment.

To reverse an ACH payment, you typically need to contact your bank or financial institution within 24 hours of the transaction and provide them with the necessary information, such as the transaction details and the reason for the reversal. You typically need to pay a fee to have an ACH payment reversed.

Is positive pay only for checks?

No, positive pay is not only for checks. While positive pay is commonly associated with check fraud prevention, there are positive pay services available for other types of transactions, including ACH transactions.

ACH positive pay allows businesses to control which ACH transactions are allowed to post to their accounts, similar to how positive pay works for checks. With ACH positive pay, businesses can provide their bank with a list of authorized ACH transactions, and the bank only processes transactions that match the list.

What is an ACH block?

An ACH block is a security feature offered by banks that allows businesses to block all ACH transactions from posting to their accounts, except for those explicitly authorized. With an ACH block in place, any ACH transaction that does not match the list of authorized transactions will be rejected by the bank.

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Photo credit: iStock/nortonrsx

SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2023 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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There are many important decisions to make when starting a new job, including what to do with your old 401(k) account. Depending on the balance of the old account and the benefits offered at your new job, you may have several options, including keeping it where it is, rolling it over into a brand new account, or cashing it out.

A 401(k) may be an excellent way for employees to save for retirement, as it allows them to save for retirement on a tax-advantaged basis, and also many employers offer matching contributions. Here are a few things to know about keeping track of your 401(k) accounts as you change jobs and move through your career

Quick 401(k) Overview?

A 401(k) is a type of retirement savings plan many employers offer that allows employees to save and invest with tax advantages. With a 401(k) plan, an employer will automatically deduct workers’ contributions to the account from their paychecks before taxes are taken out. In 2024, employees can contribute up to $23,000 a year in their 401(k)s, up from $22,500 in 2023. Employees age 50 and older can make catch-up contributions of $7,500 a year for a total of $30,500 in 2024 and $30,000 in 2023.

Employees will invest the funds in a 401(k) account in several investment options, depending on what the employer and their 401(k) administrator offer, such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and target date funds.

The money in a 401(k) account grows tax-free until the employee withdraws it, typically after reaching age 59 ½. At that point, the employees must pay taxes on the money withdrawn. However, if the employee withdraws money before reaching 59 ½, they will typically have to pay 401(k) withdrawal taxes and penalties.

Some employers also offer matching contributions, which are additional contributions to an employee’s account based on a certain percentage of the employee’s own contributions. Employers may use 401(k) vesting schedules to determine when employees can access these contributions.

The more you can save in a 401(k), the better. If you can’t max out your 401(k) contributions, start by contributing at least enough money to qualify for your employer’s 401(k) match if they offer one.

What Happens to Your 401(k) When You Quit?

When you quit your job, you generally have several options for your 401(k) account. You can leave the money in the account with your former employer, roll it into a new employer’s 401(k) plan, move it over to an IRA rollover, or cash it out.

However, if your 401(k) account has less than $5,000, your former employer may not allow you to keep it open. If there is less than $1,000 in your account, your former employer will cash out the funds and send them to you via check. If there is between $1,000 and $5,000 in the account, your employer has 60 days to roll it into another retirement account, such as an IRA, that they help you set up. You may also suggest a specific IRA for the rollover.

If you have more than $5,000 in your account, your former employer can only force you to cash out or roll over into another account with your permission. Your funds can usually remain in the account indefinitely.

Also, if you quit your job and you are not fully vested, you forfeit your employer’s contributions to your 401(k). But you do get to keep your vested contributions.

Is There Any Difference if You’re Fired?

If you are fired from your job, your 401(k) account options are similar to those if you quit your job. As noted above, you can leave the money in the account with your former employer, roll it into a new employer’s 401(k) plan, roll it over into an IRA, or cash it out. The same account limits mentioned above apply as well.

Additionally, if you are fired from your job, you may be eligible for a severance package, which may include a lump sum payment or continuation of benefits, including a 401(k) plan. But these benefits depend on your company and the circumstances surrounding your termination. And, like with quitting your job, you do not get to keep any employer contributions that are not fully vested.

How Long Do You Have to Move Your 401(k)?

If you leave your job, you don’t necessarily have to move your 401(k). Depending on the amount you have in the 401(k), you can usually keep it with your previous employer’s 401(k) administrator.

But if you do choose to roll over your 401(k) and it is an indirect rollover, you typically have 60 days from the date of distribution to roll over your 401(k) account balance into an IRA or another employer’s 401(k) plan. If you fail to roll over the funds within 60 days, the distribution will be subject to taxes and penalties, and if you are under 59 ½ years old, an additional 10% early withdrawal penalty.

Next Steps for Your 401(k) After Leaving a Job

As you decide what to do with your funds, you have several options, from cashing out to rolling over your 401(k)s to expanding your investment opportunities.

Cash Out Your 401(k)

You can cash out some or all of your 401(k), but in most cases, there are better choices than this from a personal finance perspective. As noted above, if you are younger than 59 ½, you may be slammed with income taxes and a 10% early withdrawal penalty, which can set you back in your ability to save for your future.

If you are age 55 or older, you may be able to draw down your 401(k) penalty-free thanks to the Rule of 55. But remember, when you remove money from your retirement account, you no longer benefit from tax-advantaged growth and reduce your future nest egg.

Roll Over Your 401(k) Into a New Account

Your new employer may offer a 401(k). If this is the case and you are eligible to participate, you may consider rolling over the funds from your old account. This process is relatively simple. You can ask your old 401(k) administrator to move the funds from one account directly to the other in what is known as a direct transfer.

Doing this as a direct transfer rather than taking the money out yourself is important to avoid triggering early withdrawal fees. A rollover into a new 401(k) has the advantage of consolidating your retirement savings into one place; there is only one account to monitor.

Keep Your 401(k) With Your Previous Employer

If you like your previous employer’s 401(k) administrator, its fees, and investment options, you can always keep your 401(k) where it is rather than roll it over to an IRA or your new employer’s 401(k).

However, keeping your 401(k) with your previous employer may make it harder to keep track of your retirement investments because you’ll end up with several accounts. It’s common for people to lose track of old 401(k) accounts.

Moreover, you may end up paying higher fees if you keep your 401(k) with your previous employer. Usually, employers cover 401(k) fees, but if you leave the company, they may shift the cost onto you without you realizing it. High fees may end up eating into your returns, making it harder to save for retirement.

Does Employer Match Stop After You Leave?

Once you leave a job, whether you quit or are fired, you will no longer receive the matching employer contributions.

Recommended: How an Employer 401(k) Match Works

Look for New Investment Options

If you don’t love the investment options or fees in your new 401(k), you may roll the funds over into an IRA account instead. Rolling assets into a traditional IRA is relatively simple and can be done with a direct transfer from your 401(k) plan administrator. You also may be allowed to roll a 401(k) into a Roth IRA, but you’ll have to pay taxes on the amount you convert.

The advantage of rolling funds into an IRA is that it may offer a more comprehensive array of investment options. For example, a 401(k) might offer a handful of mutual or target-date funds. In an IRA, you may have access to individual securities like stocks and bonds and a wide variety of mutual funds, index funds, and exchange-traded funds.

Recommended: ​​What To Invest In Besides Your 401(k)

The Takeaway

Changing jobs is an exciting time, whether or not you’re moving, and it can be a great opportunity to reevaluate what to do with your retirement savings. Depending on your financial situation, you could leave the funds where they are or roll them over into your new 401(k) or an IRA. You can also cash out the account, but that may harm your long-term financial security because of taxes, penalties, and loss of a tax-advantaged investment account.

If you have an old 401(k) you’d like to roll over to an online IRA, SoFi Invest® can help. With a SoFi Roth or Traditional IRA, investors can investment options, member services, and our robust suite of planning and investment tools. And SoFi makes the 401(k) rollover process seamless and straightforward — with no need to watch the mail for your 401(k) check. There are no rollover fees, and you can complete your 401(k) rollover quickly and easily.

Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

How long can a company hold your 401(k) after you leave?

A company can hold onto an employee’s 401(k) account indefinitely after they leave, but they are required to distribute the funds if the employee requests it or if the account balance is less than $5,000.

Can I cash out my 401(k) if I quit my job?

You can cash out your 401(k) if you quit your job. However, experts generally do not advise cashing out a 401(k), as doing so will trigger taxes and penalties on the withdrawn amount. Instead, it is usually better to either leave the funds in the account or roll them over into a new employer’s plan or an IRA.

What happens if I don’t rollover my 401(k)?

If you don’t roll over your 401(k) when you leave a job, the funds will typically remain in the account and be subject to the rules and regulations of the plan. If the account balance is less than $5,000, the employer may roll over the account into an IRA or cash out the account. If the balance is more than $5,000, the employer may offer options such as leaving the funds in the account or rolling them into an IRA.

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Photo credit: iStock/chengyuzheng

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