A wallet has money, credit cards, and a mobile phone spilling out of it.

How to Avoid Overdraft Fees

In your financial life, overdrafting your bank account is bad enough; no one likes to feel as if they’ve run out of money. But being charged an overdraft fee can dig you even deeper into the hole.

That’s why it can make sense to take some simple steps to avoid overdraft fees. You may be able to get a reprieve by contacting your bank or by linking accounts, among other moves.

In this guide, you’ll learn more about overdrafting and the charges involved, plus smart ideas for how to avoid overdraft fees.

Key Points

•  Regularly monitor your account balance to track available funds and avoid spending more than you have to prevent an overdraft.

•  Set up low balance alerts to receive notifications and take action before overdrafts occur.

•  Manage overdraft coverage options to control when and how overdrafts are handled.

•  Link your checking account to a savings account for automatic transfers to cover low balances.

•  Use a modern mobile banking app for real-time account management and alerts.

What Is an Overdraft Fee?

If you pay out more than is in your bank account when writing a check, using your debit card, or making an electronic bill payment, your bank may go ahead and process the payment you’ve initiated, leaving you with a negative balance.

The bank will likely charge you for the privilege of letting you spend more than you have, and that is an overdraft fee.

How Much Do Overdraft Fees Cost?

Overdraft fees aren’t cheap. The cost can vary somewhat depending on the bank or financial institution, with the current average being $26.77 according to survey data. However, the fee can be as high as $30 to $35.

It’s important to note that the overdraft fee is generally per overdraft. So if you overdraft your account and don’t realize you overdrafted, you might make multiple purchases and incur a separate fee on each one.

And these fees can add up quickly. At almost $27 a pop, just three small purchases could set you back over $75. That’s why it’s helpful to learn how to get rid of overdraft fees.

Some banks may also charge extended overdraft fees (sometimes called continuous or sustained fees) if your account doesn’t go back into positive territory within a few days.

In 2024, Americans paid $12.1 billion in overdraft and related non-sufficient funds (NSF) fees each year. However, some banks are beginning to lower their overdraft fees. Other financial institutions don’t charge any fees for the first $50 of overdraft, which is the SoFi overdraft limit, for example.

8 Smart Ways to Avoid Overdraft Fees

If your bank does charge an overdraft fee, you’ll want to make sure there’s enough money in your account so that you don’t spend more than you have. These strategies can help you avoid overdraft fees.

1. Monitor Your Account Balance Regularly

How often do you monitor your balance? It’s a good idea to make a habit of checking your accounts weekly or even more frequently to make sure your balances aren’t too low.

This can be done quickly online, via mobile app, when you withdraw money from the ATM, and/or by calling the bank and getting an automated update on your account.

One simple way to avoid overdraft fees is to keep a cash cushion in your checking account. A cushion means you have a little more stashed in your account than you typically spend each month in order to cover unexpected or forgotten charges.

This cash cushion can help prevent overdraft. You might even add it as an item on your budget to make sure it gets replenished if you use it up.

Increase your savings
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*Earn up to 4.00% Annual Percentage Yield (APY) on SoFi Savings with a 0.70% APY Boost (added to the 3.30% APY as of 12/23/25) for up to 6 months. Open a new SoFi Checking and Savings account and pay the $10 SoFi Plus subscription every 30 days OR receive eligible direct deposits OR qualifying deposits of $5,000 every 31 days by 3/30/26. Rates variable, subject to change. Terms apply here. SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC.

2. Set up Low Balance Alerts

An easy way to help avoid unexpected overdrafts, plus possible overdraft fees, is to set up some automatic alerts.

•   One that is particularly helpful is a low balance alert, which means you will be notified (by text, email, or cell phone notification) whenever your balance falls below a certain amount.

You could then immediately transfer money from savings, make a mobile deposit into your account, or hold off on making any purchases until another paycheck comes in.

•   Another useful alert you may be able to set up is the overdraft alert. This means you would be notified whenever you overdraft your account.

This alert won’t help you avoid the initial overdraft fee, but it could stop you from continuing to make purchases and incurring more overdraft fees.

3. Understand and Manage Overdraft Coverage

Customers typically have to “opt-in” to a bank’s overdraft coverage program, which many do without thinking much about it when they open their accounts.

This gives the institution permission to clear a transaction even if there is not enough money to cover it in the account by essentially loaning you the money. They may then charge you a fee for this service. You can opt out of overdraft coverage. Once you do this, any purchase you make that you don’t have money in your account to pay for will be declined without a fee.

If you’re unsure about whether you’re enrolled in an overdraft program when you opened your account, you can contact your bank to find out whether you have this coverage or not.

Keep in mind, though, that opting out of overdraft coverage programs typically does not protect you from fees charged for bounced checks.

4. Link Your Checking to a Savings Account

Next on the list of how to avoid overdraft fees: Connect your accounts for overdraft protection.

Overdraft protection service is different from overdraft coverage. This service, which typically involves signing a contract to set up, will link your checking account to another account at the same institution.

Then, in the event that there’s not enough cash in your checking account to cover a transaction, the needed money would be transferred from the linked account to cover it. Some banks may charge a fee for the funds transfer, but these charges are typically lower than overdraft fees. Other banks offer overdraft protection transfers for free.

It’s important to remember, however, that some savings accounts have a limit of six withdrawals per month. If you go over the limit you could be charged an excessive transaction fee.

Recommended: How to Make Money From Home

5. Manage Your Autopay and Bill Pay Dates

It’s a good idea to check when monthly payments are due, and see how that dovetails (or doesn’t) with your paycheck schedule. For instance, you might be more likely to overdraft your account if your credit card payment is due a couple of days before your paycheck hits. If that’s the case, you might try contacting your credit card issuer and see if they could move your due date slightly to better accommodate your cash flow. Many companies will do that for you.

Check the autopay dates for all your bills to make sure you’ll have enough in your account to cover them.

6. Use a Modern Mobile Banking App

Another way to avoid overdraft fees is to use a mobile bank app, which can let you see your account balance, pending payments, and spending in one quick glance at your mobile device.

Mobile banking can make it easy to eyeball how your money looks so you can avoid overspending. You can check your balance on the app before you make purchases in stores or online to make sure you have sufficient funds in your account.

7. Use Direct Deposit to Your Advantage

When you enroll in direct deposit for your paychecks, you’ll generally get your money faster since it’s directly deposited into your account by your employer. You’ll also know exactly when the money will be deposited into the account — typically on every pay day, which might be bi-weekly. Otherwise, if you have an actual paper check to deposit, you have to take it to the bank, which can be inconvenient and time consuming. It also usually takes a few days for the check to clear and the money to be available to you.

Not only that, at some banks, if you have direct deposit, you can get paid up to two days early.

It’s possible to use direct deposit for other payments as well, such as tax refunds and Social Security payments.

8. Switch to a Bank With No Overdraft Fees

Banks are recognizing that overdraft fees can be a pain point for consumers. In fact, in a 2024 SoFi Banking survey, 57% of respondents said overdraft protection is an important feature in a bank account.

top 3 checking account features based on sofi survey

Source: SoFi’s 2024 Banking Survey

Some banks are now providing fee-free overdraft coverage. This may be limited to a certain amount, such as covering the first $50 of an overdraft, as mentioned earlier. It may also require the customer to get back to a positive balance within a certain period of time (say, until your next direct deposit hits).

It can be wise to shop around for this feature and check online vs. traditional banks for it.

What to Do If You’ve Already Been Charged an Overdraft Fee

If you’ve overdrawn your account, here are some steps to take to help avoid overdraft fees or limit them:

•  The best first action is generally to transfer money into the account right away. You might still be able to prevent an overdraft fee.

You can check to see if your provider has a daily cutoff time or deadline for adding money to an account to correct a negative balance that same day to avoid fees.

Even if you miss the cutoff, transferring money into the account quickly can prevent other fees. That’s because leaving a balance negative for several days can sometimes result in an extended overdraft fee.

•  If you are charged an overdraft fee, however, that doesn’t automatically mean you are stuck paying it. It doesn’t hurt to negotiate with the institution to try to have the fee reimbursed.

You can try to get overdraft fees waived by calling the bank and politely asking if they will remove the charge — if it’s your first offense, you might prevail. You may also want to ask your bank if it has a forgiveness program. Some institutions have policies to waive the first fee charged each year or if a customer is experiencing economic hardship.

How to Avoid an Overdraft Fee at the Checkout

One helpful habit to try: When you’re at the checkout about to make a purchase, first make sure you have enough money in your bank account before you proceed with the transaction. Here’s how.

•  Use your mobile banking app to get an instant balance check on your account (many banking apps offer this feature). That way you can see at a glance if your purchase will be covered.

•  Know your current balance vs. your available balance. There may be deposits or other transactions still pending in your current balance, which could affect what you have available to spend. Focus on the available balance of your account.

•  When using a debit card to make a purchase online, an item may be on back order, and your card might not be charged until the item ships. It can be easy to forget about it and then not have enough funds in your account to cover it when the item does ship. To avoid an overdraft, make a note about delayed charge in your transaction register. You can also set a reminder on your phone to check on the item and the money in your account.

The Takeaway

There are a few simple ways to avoid overdraft fees, such as opting out of overdraft coverage, setting up an automatic low-balance alert, linking your accounts, keeping a little cash cushion in your account, or banking where you get a level of no-fee overdraft coverage.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

Can I get an overdraft fee refunded?

It may be possible to get an overdraft fee refunded. Call the bank and ask if they will refund the fee. If it’s the first time you’ve ever overdrafted your account, they might give you a refund. Some banks even have policies to waive the fee in certain situations — such as if a customer is facing economic hardship. So if there was an extenuating circumstance, be sure to explain it. But no matter what the circumstances, it doesn’t hurt to ask politely for a refund.

Is it better to turn off overdraft protection?

You may want to opt out of overdraft coverage, which is different from overdraft protection, which usually triggers a fee. Overdraft protection, on the other hand, typically links your checking account to another account at the same bank and if there’s not enough cash in your checking account to cover a transaction, the needed money would be transferred to cover it. Some banks charge a fee for these transfers, others don’t.

Do overdraft fees affect my credit score?

Overdraft fees generally don’t affect your credit score because your checking account activity is not typically reported to the credit bureaus. However, if you overdraft the account and don’t pay the overdraft and any fees incurred, the bank could send the debt you owe to collections. The collection agency can then report the debt to the credit bureaus which can negatively impact your credit score.

How long do I have to pay an overdraft?

How long you have to pay an overdraft is determined by your bank. Some institutions may give you just a day to cover the overdrawn amount plus any fees, others may give you one or two days. It’s important to find out what your bank’s specific policy is, and then follow it to avoid further negative consequences.

What’s the difference between overdraft protection and overdraft coverage?

Overdraft coverage is a service that gives your bank permission to clear a transaction even if there is not enough money in the account to cover it by essentially fronting you the money. They may then charge you a fee for doing so. Overdraft protection, on the other hand, usually links your checking account to another account at the same bank. If there’s not enough cash in your checking account to cover a transaction, the funds would be transferred to cover it. Some banks offer these transfers free of charge.


SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
^Early access to direct deposit funds is based on the timing in which we receive notice of impending payment from the Federal Reserve, which is typically up to two days before the scheduled payment date, but may vary.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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A woman is working on a laptop and doing calculations on a pile of financial documents with charts and graphs.

6 Money Habits to Develop Financial Success

Smart money habits can start you on the path to achieving financial success and realizing your dreams. Adopting small (and repeated) changes in behavior can be one way to start building good financial habits that can last a lifetime. Whether your goals are near-term and relatively small (say, hosting an amazing 30th birthday for your partner) or considerably grander (retiring by age 50), planning and discipline are needed to reach them.

Read on to learn six of the most important money habits that can help steer you to financial success and realizing your money goals.

Key Points

•  Setting financial goals can help guide you towards achieving financial and personal dreams.

•  Budgeting helps manage finances by tracking income and expenses.

•  Consolidating debt can improve your debt-to-income ratio.

•  Automating finances helps ensure timely savings and bill payments.

•  Early and consistent investing can build retirement savings through compounding.

Why Good Money Habits Matter

Good money habits can set you up for financial success. They act like guardrails, keeping you moving towards positives (like an impressive retirement fund) and away from potential challenges (say, too much credit card debt). They are, in fact, similar to other wise habits in your life, whether that means eating well, exercising regularly, not staying up too late watching Netflix, or remembering to call your folks often.

Yes, good habits can require some time and energy to establish, and then you likely need to maintain focus to stay on track. Some will become second nature or no-brainers; others may require more ongoing effort. But by sticking with them, good money habits can guide you to help manage your personal finances well, make smart decisions with your funds, and achieve your future goals.

6 Good Money Habits to Adopt

Here’s a closer look at six key money habits that can help you develop financial success.

1. Set Financial Goals

Formulating your financial goals can be an important step. Goals can guide you as you go about building a financial plan for the years ahead.

One person’s goals might be to pay off their student loans and save for a down payment on a house; another might want to sock away enough cash in an online bank account to start their own business down the road; and yet another might want to achieve a lifestyle where they can pay for their child’s college education and take ski vacations every winter.

Putting pen to paper or opening a document on your laptop can be a helpful way to focus and define specific financial goals to work towards. This can give you clarity and boost your motivation vs. simply saving in the abstract.

Once you have goals in mind, you can begin saving toward them and tracking your progress.

2. Budget Well and Track Your Spending

If you are just winging it in terms of your finances, it’s probably wise to prioritize setting up a budget. The word “budget” can cause a knee-jerk reaction because it smacks of deprivation (as in, no more lattes, ever!) but that’s not what it’s about.

Rather, a budget involves understanding how much money you have coming in and where it’s going (typically towards spending and saving). It can help you be more aware of your finances and balance them, too.

Out of the various techniques, the 50/30/20 budget rule is a popular option. It spells out that 50% of your take-home pay goes towards your needs (housing, food, and healthcare, for instance), 30% towards your wants (dining out, those lattes mentioned above, travel), and 20% towards savings.

There are plenty of other different budgeting methods to try and tools you can use to track your spending, which is an important facet of good budgeting. Your bank may even offer a convenient system for this. By tracking your spending, you can see where you may be spending too much (say, your once-a-week takeout habit has crept up to four times a week), be more mindful with money, and optimize your finances. Perhaps you can put more towards debt payments, for example, than you realized.

It can also be wise to get in the habit of checking in with your money regularly; many people find that a couple of times a week is a good frequency.

3. Consolidate Debt

As you work on your budget, you may want to cultivate another money habit to develop financial success. That involves dealing with debt.

This might mean paying off credit card balances in full and making all other necessary debt payments on time, such as mortgage installments and student loan payments. Calendar reminders can help ensure that all payments get made on time, as can automating your payments (more on that below). It may even help to arrange to have all payments due on the same day. Some lenders are willing to move a monthly due date.

If you have student loan debt, you might look into refinancing options. You might, say, be able to lower your monthly payment, though that could extend the term of your loan and cost you more in interest over the life of the loan. However, doing so may be the right move for some people. (Also keep in mind that if you refinance federal loans as private student loans you will lose access to federal benefits and protections.)

Facing and managing your debt is an important step, regardless of the specific solution you decide upon. It’s a habit that allows you to take control of your money. And it can keep your debt-to-income ratio low, which can be an important factor when you want to borrow money at as low a rate as possible.

Increase your savings
with a limited-time APY boost.*


*Earn up to 4.00% Annual Percentage Yield (APY) on SoFi Savings with a 0.70% APY Boost (added to the 3.30% APY as of 12/23/25) for up to 6 months. Open a new SoFi Checking and Savings account and pay the $10 SoFi Plus subscription every 30 days OR receive eligible direct deposits OR qualifying deposits of $5,000 every 31 days by 3/30/26. Rates variable, subject to change. Terms apply here. SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC.

4. Know When to Consider Balance Transfer vs. Personal Loans

Building on the idea of consolidating debt is the next financial habit. This one involves knowing the warning signs when your debt is getting uncomfortably high and then taking steps to rein it in.

Sometimes, the steps above aren’t enough. If that’s the case, it’s wise to consider your options vs. taking a wait and see approach. Currently, credit card interest rates are over 20% which can be hard for some people to pay off.

So if you see your balance rising to a level you are worried about, consider the following options as you take control of your debt:

•   You might try a balance-transfer credit card, which can give you a reprieve from high interest accruing for a period of time (often 18 months), allowing you to pay down your debt.

•   You might consider taking out a personal loan and using those funds to pay off your credit card debt. The goal here is to have a lower monthly payment on the personal loan than what your credit card bill amounted to.

•   Contact a nonprofit credit counseling service, such as the National Foundation for Credit Counseling, or nfcc.org.

Getting in this habit before debt gets deeper can help you in the long run.

5. Automate Your Finances

It can be a good idea to save money right after getting paid — before the cash sits in checking long enough to spark the urge to spend it. So why not make it simple and save automatically upfront?

A person interested in saving might begin by automating just one kind of transaction. For example, they may opt to have $50 moved from a checking account to a high-yield savings account each month. If that money remains unspent each month, those monthly automatic savings would total to $600 at the end of the year.

That could be a good way to start an emergency fund without expending much effort. You can also automate payments of, say, your utilities and housing costs or your car loan. Paying bills on time this way can help build your credit.

There are also numerous ways to automate your investments. A workplace plan, like a 401(k), may already be doing this. For someone who’s on their own, mutual funds can make auto-investment really easy. Alternatively, a robo-advisor service can automatically invest contributions on behalf of the investor. (Note: This automation may be challenging for those paid irregularly, such as freelancers and seasonal workers.)

By embracing automation, you can nail an important money habit. You can pay yourself first and stash cash away in savings. And you can avoid such bad money habits as not saving enough, paying bills late, or forgetting to pay them at all.

Recommended: Emergency Fund Calculator

6. Investing Early and Often

“I invested too much money for retirement,” said no one, ever. Arguably, there’s no other financial goal that requires more habitual action — spread over decades — than saving and investing for retirement.

It can be tempting to push off planning for retirement until tomorrow. After all, when someone’s in their 20s or 30s, retirement is likely decades and decades away. Psychologically, it’s simple to presume that it’s just not worth thinking about in the now.

But, for many, retirement can be one of life’s biggest and most important expenses. It can secure your comfortable future. Investing early, often, and wisely, can help accomplish that goal.

Adopting this habit ASAP can be a big help; it allows for more time for money to grow via compounding. Compound returns are earnings on both the original amount invested (the principal) and the money earned via investing (the profit). The more months (or years) a person invests, the higher the potential for profits to compound. Note: It is important to note that all investing carries risk as the stock market can fluctuate.

Being consistent about moving money into your portfolio is important, too. Luckily, there are easy and affordable ways to get started investing. First, open an account, like a brokerage or a retirement account. (Investing in a 401(k) also counts as investing.) Then, investors can purchase investments like stocks and funds to help achieve their goals. Or investors can use an automated investing service.

The Takeaway

Building good financial habits can be rewarding. There are more technological tools than ever to help with budgeting or expense tracking. From digital apps to automatic investing to online bank accounts, building healthy financial habits has never been more accessible.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

What are money habits for financial success?

Money habits that can help you achieve financial success include setting financial goals, budgeting well, consolidating debt, considering balance transfers and personal loans, automating your finances, and investing wisely.

What is a short-term money goal?

A short-term money goal is typically one you aim to achieve in a year or less.

How do you budget well?

To budget well, track how much money you have coming in and going out, and experiment with different methods of budgeting. Many people like the 50/30/20 budget rule. Budgeting apps can also be helpful.


SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
^Early access to direct deposit funds is based on the timing in which we receive notice of impending payment from the Federal Reserve, which is typically up to two days before the scheduled payment date, but may vary.

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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What Are Exotic Options? 11 Types of Exotic Options

What Are Exotic Options? 11 Types of Exotic Options


Editor's Note: Options are not suitable for all investors. Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Please see the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options.

An option is a financial instrument that gives the buyer the right to purchase or sell an underlying security, such as a stock, during a set time period for an agreed-upon price. They are popular with some investors because they allow the investor to speculate on the price increase or decrease of a stock, without owning the stock itself.

Exotic options are a class of options that allow investors to take advantage of some features of options contracts to pursue other strategies. Exotic options are non-standard, customizable contracts that may trade over the counter (OTC) and differ in pricing from traditional options.

Key Points

•  Exotic options are complex financial instruments that can be customized using non-standard payoffs, expiration dates, and underlying assets.

•  These options help enable sophisticated investors to tailor risk exposure and implement unique strategies.

•  Exotic option strategies may involve higher or lower costs, and can offer more or less flexibility than traditional contracts, depending on the specific structure.

•  Types may include Asian, barrier, basket, Bermuda, and binary options, each with distinct characteristics.

•  Investors may benefit from financial advice when considering exotic options due to their complexity and high degree of risk.

What Is an Exotic Option?

Exotic options are hybrid securities that offer unique and often customizable payment structures, expiration dates, and strike prices. For those features, they may be priced higher or lower than traditional options, depending on the structure. University of California Berkeley professor Mark Rubinstein popularized the term “Exotic Options” in a 1990 paper about contracts.

To understand what makes an exotic option exotic, let’s review a traditional, plain-vanilla options contract and how it works. With a traditional option, the owner can buy or sell the underlying security for an agreed-upon price either before or at the option’s predetermined expiration date. The holder is not, however, obligated to exercise the option, hence the name.

An exotic option typically has all of those features, but with complex variations in the times when the option can be exercised, as well as in the ways investors may calculate the payoff.

Exotic options are typically traded in the over-the-counter (OTC) market, a smaller dealer-broker network. An exotic option may have underlying assets that differ from those offered by traditional options. Those underlying assets may include commodities like oil, corn and natural gas, in addition to stocks, bonds, and foreign currencies.

There are even exotic derivatives that allow for trading on things like the weather. Both institutional and sophisticated retail investors may use customized exotic options to match their own unique risk-management needs.

11 Types of Exotic Options

There are many types of exotic options that investors can purchase for exotic options trading. Here’s a look at some of them:

1. Asian Options

One of the most common forms of exotic options contract, the Asian option is a contract whose payoff to the holder is based on the average price of the underlying asset over one or more periods, rather than solely on the price at exercise. This makes it different from an American option, whose payout depends on the price of the underlying asset when the holder chooses to exercise it, and different from a European option, whose payoff depends on the price of the security at the time of the option’s expiration.

2. Barrier Options

These options may remain effectively dormant until activated (knock-in), or may terminate if a barrier is reached (knock-out), usually when the price of the underlying asset reaches a certain level.

3. Basket Options

Unlike traditional options, which typically have a single underlying asset, basket options contracts depend on the price movements of more than one underlying asset. For holders, the value of a basket option may be tied to the weighted average of the assets underlying the contract.

4. Bermuda Options

The main differentiator of Bermuda options is when the holder can exercise them. An investor can exercise a Bermuda option at its expiration date, and at certain set dates before then. This makes them different from American options, which holders can exercise at any point during the contract, and European options, which can only be exercised at expiration.

5. Binary Options

Sometimes called digital options, binary options are unique because they only provide a payout to the holder if a predetermined event occurs. This all-or-nothing investment may provide a predetermined payout or asset if the agreed-upon event occurs.

6. Chooser Options

With ordinary options contracts, the investor must decide upfront if they’re buying a call (right to buy the underlying security) or put (right to sell the underlying security) option. But with a chooser option, the holder can decide whether they want the option to be a put or call option at a predetermined date between when they buy the chooser option and when the contract expires.

7. Compound Options

These options, often called split-fee options, allow investors to buy an option on an option. Whether or not a compound option may result in a payout depends on the value or outcome of the underlying option. Investors in compound options have to make their decisions based on the expiration dates and strike prices of both the underlying option, as well as the compound option itself.

8. Extendible Options

The main advantage that extendible options offer is that they give an investor the ability to postpone the expiration date of the contract for an agreed-upon period of time. This can mean adding the extra time for an out-of-the-money option to potentially get into the money, a feature that’s priced into the original option contract.

Extendible options can be holder-extendible, meaning the purchaser can choose to extend their options. They can also be writer-extendible, meaning that the issuer has the right to extend the expiration date of the options contracts, if they so choose.

9. Lookback Options

Lookback options differ from most options because they do not necessarily come with a specified exercise price. Instead, depending on type, the strike (floating-strike) or the payoff (fixed-strike) is automatically determined by the most favorable price the underlying asset reached during the contract.

10. Spread Options

Unlike a traditional option, where the payout may reflect the difference between the contract’s strike price and the spot price of the underlying asset when the investor exercises the contract, a spread option may provide a return tied to the price difference between multiple assets.

11. Range Options

For highly volatile assets, some investors choose to use range options, because their payout is based on the size of the difference between the highest and lowest prices at which the underlying asset trades during the life of the range options contract.

Pros and Cons of Exotic Options

There are benefits and drawbacks to using exotic options.

Pros

•   Some exotic options may have lower premiums than comparable American-style options contracts.

•   Investors can potentially select and customize exotic options to fit very complex and precise strategies.

•   With exotic options, investors can potentially fine-tune the risk exposure of their portfolio.

•   Investors can use exotic options to seek opportunities in unique market conditions.

Cons

•   Many exotic options come with higher costs and less flexibility than traditional contracts.

•   There are no exotic options that guarantee a profit.

•   Because of their unique structures, exotic options may react to market moves in unexpected ways.

•   The complex rules mean that exotic options may carry a higher risk of ultimately becoming worthless.



💡 Quick Tip: Consider an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

The Takeaway

Exotic options are complex financial instruments that allow investors to speculate on the price of an asset without owning that asset itself. Unlike traditional options, exotic options include customizable features that investors could use to pursue a specific options trading strategy.

As many investors may know, trading options — of all types — is relatively advanced and requires a good amount of background knowledge and understanding of intricate financial assets. For that reason, it may be advisable to speak with a financial professional before diving into options trading.

SoFi’s options trading platform offers qualified investors the flexibility to pursue income generation, manage risk, and use advanced trading strategies. Investors may buy put and call options or sell covered calls and cash-secured puts to speculate on the price movements of stocks, all through a simple, intuitive interface.

With SoFi Invest® online options trading, there are no contract fees and no commissions. Plus, SoFi offers educational support — including in-app coaching resources, real-time pricing, and other tools to help you make informed decisions, based on your tolerance for risk.

Explore SoFi’s user-friendly options trading platform.

🛈 SoFi does not support non-standard, exotic options trading at this time.

Photo credit: iStock/Pekic

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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How to Invest and Profit During Inflation

How to Invest During Inflation

While inflation is commonly associated with the rising cost of consumer goods, inflation also impacts investments like stocks, bonds, real estate, and more.

Just as inflation can reduce a consumer’s purchasing power overall, inflation can also impact the performance of different asset classes — particularly fixed-income assets such as bonds and cash — potentially reducing portfolio returns. It’s important for investors to understand how to invest during inflation, and which assets can provide a buffer against inflationary conditions.

After all, inflation doesn’t have to spell bad news for investors. SoFi’s 2025 investor survey reveals that despite inflation concerns this year, most investors are holding steady or increasing their investment contributions.

Key Points

•   Inflation affects purchasing power, and it can also take a toll on stocks, bonds, and other asset classes, impacting consumers and investors.

•   Inflation can impact the performance of some stocks and bond yields, making it advisable to reconsider some investment choices during inflationary periods.

•   During bouts of inflation, investors may want to consider inflation resistant assets, such as stocks of companies that can raise prices, commodities, TIPS, and I bonds.

•   Inflation doesn’t affect all sectors of the economy in the same way, so investors must consider a range of options when adjusting their portfolios.

•   Long-term investment plans may not need to be drastically changed due to temporary inflation spikes.

What Is Inflation and How Does It Affect Your Investments?

Inflation is defined as a steady rise in prices. When economic growth occurs, consumers and businesses have more money and tend to spend it. When cash flows through the economy, demand for goods and services grows, leading many companies to raise prices.

To some degree, inflation is a natural outcome of a growing economy. Historically, economic booms have come with an annual inflation rate of about 1% to 2%, a range that reflects solid consumer sentiment in a growing economy.

An inflation rate of 3%, 4%, 5% or more is associated with an overheated economy.

Conversely, prices fall when demand slides and supply is abundant; the inflation rate tumbles as economic growth wanes.

Key Measures of Inflation

The main barometer of inflation in the United States is the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The CPI encompasses the retail price of goods and services in common sectors such as housing, health care, transportation, food and beverage, and education, among other economic sectors.

The Federal Reserve uses a similar index, the Personal Consumption Expenditures Price Index (PCE), in its inflation-related measurements. Economists and investors track inflation on both a monthly and an annual basis.

Because investors may have less money to put into the markets when prices rise and their budgets become tighter, inflation may impact the people’s decision to buy stocks online or through a brokerage. Overall, it means there may be less liquidity in the markets. The relationship between investing and inflation may further be affected as interest rates are increased to combat rising prices, potentially affecting business profitability.

Recommended: Stock Market Basics

How Are Investors Responding to Inflation in 2025?

When facing a period of rising prices, deciding how to invest during inflation is top of mind for many investors. But as the 2025 SoFi Investor Insights Survey shows, many investors plan to stay the course. In fact, nearly two-thirds (65%) of respondents said they feel either optimistic or content about their investments over the past year.

A Steady Approach

Despite inflation concerns, most investors are holding steady or increasing their contributions. In fact, even given the potential impact of inflation, only 19% of investors wanted to invest less, while the remaining 82% planned to invest more or maintain their current strategy, including popular investments in 2025.

Donut chart: 46% left investments alone, 36% invested more, and 19% invested less due to inflation.
Source: SoFi 2025 Investor Insights Survey

This speaks to a mindset that can be beneficial when deciding how to invest during inflation or any time, but especially after you start an investing portfolio: It’s important to stick to your strategy — which is based on your financial goals and circumstances — and not make impulsive changes to your investments when there’s a temporary shift in the economy.

Which Investments Might Perform Well During Inflation?

Investing during inflation can be tricky, and it can be helpful to have a defensive investment strategy. It’s important to know that inflation impacts both stock and bond markets, but in different ways.

Inflation and the Stock Market

Inflation can have an indirect impact on stocks, partially reflecting consumer purchasing power. As prices rise, retail investors may have less money to put into the stock market, reducing market growth.

Also, when inflation rises, that puts pressure on investors’ stock market returns to keep up with the inflation rate. For instance, consider a stock portfolio that earns 5% before inflation. If inflation rises at a 6.0% rate, hypothetically, the portfolio may actually lose 1.0% on an inflation-adjusted basis, which can make it difficult to find high inflation investments.

Perhaps more importantly, high inflation may cause the Federal Reserve to raise interest rates to cool down the economy. Higher interest rates also make stock market investments less attractive to investors, as they can get higher returns in lower-risk assets like bonds.

However, some stocks and other assets can perform well in periods of rising prices, which can be a hedge against inflation. When inflation hits the consumer economy, companies often boost the prices of their goods and services to keep profits rolling, as their cost of doing business rises at the same time. In some cases, rising prices contribute to higher revenues, which may help boost a company’s stock price.

That said, rising inflation may raise the risk of an economic slowdown or recession. That scenario doesn’t bode well for strong stock market performance, as uncertainty about the overall economy tends to curb market growth.

Recommended: How Do Interest Rates Impact Stocks?

Inflation and the Bond Market

Inflation may be a drag on bond market performance, as well. Most bonds offer a fixed rate of return, paid in the form of interest or coupon payments. As fixed-income securities offer stable, but fixed, investment returns, rising inflation can eat at those returns, further reducing the purchasing power of bond market investors.

Additionally, the Federal Reserve’s response to inflation — higher interest rates — can lower the price of bonds because there is an inverse relationship between bond yields and bond prices. So, bond investors and bond funds may experience losses because of high interest rates.

What to Consider Investing in During Inflation

Investors can take several steps to help protect their portfolios during periods of high inflation. Choosing how to invest during inflation is like selecting investments at any other time — you’ll need to evaluate the asset itself and how it fits into your overall portfolio strategy both now and in the future.

1. Real Estate and REITs

In some cases, investing in certain types of real property assets and real estate investment trusts (REITs) can be useful during inflationary periods, because this alternative asset class tends to move in the opposite direction of stocks (which may suffer during inflation).

REITs and some types of real estate tend to see higher prices at these times, and thus pay higher dividends or income to investors. REITs are required to pay 90% of their income as dividends.

2. Stocks in Companies With Pricing Power

Investors might consider stocks where the underlying company can boost prices in times of rising inflation. Retail stocks, like big box stores or discount retailers with a global brand and a massive customer base, can be potential investments during high inflation periods. In that scenario, the retailer could raise prices and not only cover the cost of rising inflation but also continue to earn profits in a high inflation period.

Think of a consumer goods manufacturer that already has a healthy portion of the market for certain everyday items, and doesn’t need excess capital as it’s already well-invested in its own business. Companies with low capital needs tend to do better in inflationary periods, as they don’t have to invest more cash into the business to keep up with competitors — they already have a solid market position and the means to produce and market their products.

During periods of inflation, popular investing trends may reflect increased interest in retail or consumer staple stocks.

3. Commodities

Investing in precious metals, oil and gas, and other commodities may also be considered for and an option for inflation hedges. The price growth of many commodities contributes to high inflation. So investors may see returns by investing in commodities during high inflationary periods.

Take the price of oil, natural gas, and gasoline. Businesses and consumers rely highly on oil and gas and will likely keep filling up the tank and heating their homes, even if they have to pay higher prices. That helps make oil — and other commodities — an asset worth considering when inflation is on the move.

4. Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS)

Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) can be an option to hedge against inflation. By design, TIPS are like most bonds that pay investors a fixed rate twice annually. They’re also protected against inflation as the principal amount of the securities is adjusted for inflation.

5. I Bonds

During periods of high inflation, investors may consider investing in Series I Savings Bonds, commonly known as I Bonds. I Bonds are indexed to inflation like TIPS, but the interest rate paid to investors is adjustable. With an I bond, investors earn both a fixed interest rate and a rate that changes with inflation. The U.S. Treasury sets the inflation-adjusted interest rate on I Bonds twice a year.

General Strategies for Investing in an Inflationary Environment

Aside from considering some of the above investments when investing for inflation, there are some strategies that may also be beneficial to consider.

Stay Focused on Your Long-Term, Diversified Plan

While there are some investing strategies that are exclusively focused on short-term results, most investors plan to invest for the long term — an approach that allows for greater stability over time.

An important tenet of long-term investing is to “buy and hold” investments so they have a chance to grow over the target period of time, weathering the markets’ ups and downs. This approach enables investors to maintain a plan that’s based on their financial values, and which matches their circumstances and helps them reach their goals. It also helps investors avoid making needless changes out of fear or other market reactions.

Another component of a long-term investment strategy is to employ the principles of diversification, which means holding a range of different asset types in your portfolio, in order to help manage risk factors.

Consider Dollar-Cost Averaging to Manage Volatility

Dollar-cost averaging is a strategy that helps manage price volatility, which can be a factor during an inflationary period. With DCA, you pick the securities you want to invest in, and the dollar amount you want to invest on a regular basis (e.g., weekly, monthly, etc.). Typically, people invest the same amount each time, to end up buying more when prices are lower — and less when they’re higher.

Over time, however, the average cost of investments tends to be lower, which may yield potential returns.

Using the DCA method may keep your investment strategy on track — and investors may be less likely to react impulsively or emotionally in response to certain events or headlines, which can increase the risk of loss.

The Takeaway

Investors may want to proceed with caution when inflation rises. It may be tempting to readjust your portfolio because prices are rising. Periods of high inflation usually wane, so throwing a long-term investment plan out the window just because inflation is moving upward may knock you off course to meet your long-term financial goals.

Invest in what matters most to you with SoFi Active Invest. In a self-directed account provided by SoFi Securities, you can trade stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, options, and more — all while paying $0 commission on every trade. Other fees may apply. Whether you want to trade after-hours or manage your portfolio using real-time stock insights and analyst ratings, you can invest your way in SoFi's easy-to-use mobile app.

Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

FAQ

Which investments tend to perform poorly during inflation?

Inflation erodes the value of cash, and as such it can impact a range of securities, including long-term fixed-rate bonds, certain types of stocks, and cash as well as low-interest cash accounts.

Are investors making impulsive decisions in 2025?

The tendency to make impulsive choices can occur at any time. According to SoFi’s 2025 investor survey, however, it does seem that the majority of investors are staying the course.

Is gold a good hedge against inflation?

Some investors believe that gold can be a way to hedge against inflation, because gold has intrinsic (i.e., tangible) value, a limited supply, and the price of gold has been known to rise when inflation-wary investors put more money into this precious metal. That said, the price of gold can fluctuate, and there is always a risk with any investment.

Should I stop investing when inflation is high?

Historically, many long-term investors maintain their established strategy during periods of high inflation. Some investors may consider defensive positions, such as rotating into inflation-protected assets or consumer staples, depending on their risk tolerance.

How can interest rate changes by the Fed affect my investments?

When the Federal Reserve raises or lowers interest rates, that can impact stocks and bonds in different ways. When the Fed lowers rates, that lowers the cost of loans, which can boost company performance and stock prices. Bonds with lower yields may be less appealing. When the Fed raises rates, that increases borrowing costs, which can put a damper on stocks, but raise bond yields.


Photo credit: iStock/pondsaksit

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA): Dollar cost averaging is an investment strategy that involves regularly investing a fixed amount of money, regardless of market conditions. This approach can help reduce the impact of market volatility and lower the average cost per share over time. However, it does not guarantee a profit or protect against losses in declining markets. Investors should consider their financial goals, risk tolerance, and market conditions when deciding whether to use dollar cost averaging. Past performance is not indicative of future results. You should consult with a financial advisor to determine if this strategy is appropriate for your individual circumstances.

Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the Fund carefully before investing. This and other important information are contained in the Fund’s prospectus. For a current prospectus, please click the Prospectus link on the Fund’s respective page. The prospectus should be read carefully prior to investing.
Alternative investments, including funds that invest in alternative investments, are risky and may not be suitable for all investors. Alternative investments often employ leveraging and other speculative practices that increase an investor's risk of loss to include complete loss of investment, often charge high fees, and can be highly illiquid and volatile. Alternative investments may lack diversification, involve complex tax structures and have delays in reporting important tax information. Registered and unregistered alternative investments are not subject to the same regulatory requirements as mutual funds.
Please note that Interval Funds are illiquid instruments, hence the ability to trade on your timeline may be restricted. Investors should review the fee schedule for Interval Funds via the prospectus.

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Covered Calls: The Basics of Covered Call Strategy

Covered Calls: The Basics of Covered Call Strategy


Editor's Note: Options are not suitable for all investors. Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Please see the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options.

With most things in life, it helps to be covered — by a coworker, an insurance policy, or a roof over your head. In investing, it can also be helpful to have coverage through specific strategies. A covered call is an options trading strategy that involves selling call options on stocks you already own, with the goal of potentially generating income.

Here’s a breakdown of how a covered call strategy works, when to consider it, and how it may — or may not — perform depending on market positions.

Key Points

•  A covered call strategy involves selling call options on owned assets to try to generate income, with limited upside if the stock’s price surges.

•  Using covered calls may provide additional income from stock holdings through the premiums received.

•  Premiums from covered calls may offer limited protection against stock price declines, which could help offset potential losses.

•  Capped gains risk occurs if the stock price rises sharply above the call option’s strike price.

•  Employing covered calls restricts the ability to sell stocks freely, as the call option must be honored if exercised.

What Is a Covered Call?

A covered call is an options trading strategy used to generate income by selling call options on a security an investor already owns. This strategy can be beneficial to the investor if they expect the stock’s price to experience limited movement or remain neutral, though it may limit potential gains if the stock rises sharply above the strike price.

Call Options Recap

A call is a type of option that gives purchasers the right, but not the obligation, to buy shares of an underlying asset or stock at a specific, prearranged price, called the strike price. A call is in contrast to a put option, which gives buyers the right, but not the obligation, to sell the underlying asset at the strike price.

An investor who purchases a call option holds a long position in the option — that is, they anticipate that the underlying stock may appreciate. For example, an investor who anticipates a stock’s price increase might buy shares, hold them, wait for appreciation, and — assuming they do appreciate — sell them to potentially realize a gain.

Call options allow options buyers to pursue a similar strategy without buying the underlying shares. Instead, a premium is paid for the right to buy the shares at the strike price, allowing buyers to profit if the market price rises above the strike price.

Call option writers (or sellers), on the other hand, typically sell call options when they anticipate that the price of the underlying asset will decline, allowing them to keep the premium, or price paid for the option, when the option expires worthless.

What’s the Difference Between a Call and a Covered Call?

The main difference between a regular call and a covered call is that a covered call is “covered” by an options seller who holds the underlying asset. That is, if an investor sells call options on Company X stock, it would be “covered” if they already own an equivalent number of shares in Company X stock. Conversely, if an investor does not own any Company X stock and sells a call option, they’re executing what’s known as a “naked” option, which carries a much higher risk because losses can theoretically be unlimited if the stock rises sharply.

In a covered call, the seller’s maximum profit is limited to the premium plus any stock appreciation up to the call’s strike price, while the maximum loss equals the price paid for the stock minus the premium received. This same structure can be helpful to clarify gains and losses.

It’s worth noting that losses, overall, could be substantial if the price of the stock purchased falls to zero and becomes worthless, though the premium received from the call option sold may cushion the loss to a certain extent.

Example of a Covered Call

The point of selling covered calls is typically to generate income from existing stock positions. If, for example, you have 100 shares of Company X stock and were looking for ways to pursue additional income, you might consider selling covered calls to other investors.

Here’s what that might look like in practice:

Your 100 shares of Company X stock are worth $50 each or $5,000 at the current market value. To make a little extra money, you decide to sell a call option with a $10-per-share premium at a strike price of $70. Since standard options contracts typically represent 100 shares, you receive a total of $1,000 for the option.

Let’s say that Company X stock’s price only rises to $60, and the buyer doesn’t exercise the option, so it expires. In this scenario, you’ve earned a total of $1,000 by the selling covered call option, and your shares have also appreciated to a value of $6,000. So, you now have a total of $7,000.

The ideal outcome in this strategy is that your shares rise in value to near the strike price, (say, $69) but the buyer doesn’t exercise the option. In that scenario, you still own your shares (now worth $6,900) and get the $1,000 premium.

But the risk of selling covered call options is that you might forgo higher gains if the stock significantly exceeds the strike price.

So, if Company X stock rises to $90 and the call buyer executes their option, you would then be obligated to sell your 100 shares, which are now worth $9,000 on the open market. You would still get the $1,000 premium, plus the value of the shares at the predetermined strike price of $70 (or $7,000) — bringing the total trade value to $8,000. Effectively, you’ve turned a holding valued at $5,000 into $8,000, though doing so caps your upside and forfeits potential gains beyond the strike price.

On the other hand, had the covered call never been initiated, your shares could be worth $9,000. This illustrates the trade-off involved in selling covered calls: capped upside in exchange for income.

Recommended: How to Sell Options for Premium

When and Why Should You Do a Covered Call?

There is no single correct time to use a covered call strategy — it depends on weighing potential risks and evaluating the market environment.

Some investors may choose to write covered calls when the market is expected to climb moderately — or at least stay neutral. Since market outcomes are uncertain, investors should be ready and willing to sell their holdings at the agreed strike price.

As for why an investor might use covered calls? The goal is often to generate income from existing stock holdings. Another potential reason to use covered calls, for some investors, is to offset some risk using the premium received.

Pros and Cons of Covered Calls

Using a covered call strategy could serve specific purposes for income generation or risk management. But there are pros and cons to consider.

Covered Call Pros

The benefits of utilizing covered calls include the potential to receive added income and offset downside risk.

•   Investors can potentially pad their income by keeping the premiums they earn from selling the options contracts. Depending on how often they sell covered calls, this can lead to recurring income opportunities.

•   Investors can determine an adequate selling price for the stocks that they own. If the option is exercised, an investor can potentially realize a profit from the sale (as well as the premium).

•   The premium the investor receives for the sold call can potentially help offset a potential decline in a stock’s price. This provides limited downside protection, though losses can still occur.

Covered Call Cons

There are also a few drawbacks to using a covered call strategy:

•   Investors could miss out on potential profits if a stock’s price rises, and continues to rise, above the strike price. This is an inherent trade-off of the strategy. There is also the risk that the option is exercised and the investor must sell a stock — although, investors should typically only consider covered calls for assets that they’re prepared to sell.

•   An investor may be unable to sell their stocks on the market if they’ve written a call option on the shares. This limits the investor’s flexibility to respond to price movements.

•   Investors need to keep in mind that covered call gains may be subject to capital gains taxes.

The Takeaway

A covered call may be attractive to some investors as it’s a way to potentially generate additional income from a stock position. That said, as with all trading strategies, outcomes may vary based on market conditions and timing. There are no guarantees, and the strategy involves trade-offs between income potential and capped gains.

SoFi’s options trading platform offers qualified investors the flexibility to pursue income generation, manage risk, and use advanced trading strategies. Investors may buy put and call options or sell covered calls and cash-secured puts to speculate on the price movements of stocks, all through a simple, intuitive interface.

With SoFi Invest® online options trading, there are no contract fees and no commissions. Plus, SoFi offers educational support — including in-app coaching resources, real-time pricing, and other tools to help you make informed decisions, based on your tolerance for risk.

Explore SoFi’s user-friendly options trading platform.

FAQ

Are covered calls free money?

Covered calls are not “free money.” They may generate income if the option expires worthless, but they can also limit upside potential if the stock’s value increases significantly or the option is exercised when the price rises toward the strike.

Are covered calls profitable?

Covered calls may be profitable, but results depend on the performance of the underlying stock and the terms of the option contract. If the option expires unexercised, the seller keeps the premium and the stock. The strategy tends to work best in neutral to moderately bullish markets, and profitability can depend on strike selection and timing.

What happens when you let a covered call expire?

If a covered call expires without being exercised, nothing happens: the option just expires worthless. The seller keeps the premium received, which can be a benefit of the strategy. Because an option is only that — an option to execute a trade at a predetermined price for a select period of time — the option holder’s reluctance to execute during the time period means that the option will expire worthless.

Can you make a living selling covered calls?

Living strictly off income from covered calls may be theoretically possible, but it would likely require a large portfolio to make it work. There are other factors to consider, too, like potential capital gains taxes and the fact that the market won’t always be in a favorable environment for the strategy to work.


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