How Refinancing Student Loans Can Affect Your Credit Score

How Refinancing Student Loans Can Affect Your Credit Score

If you can secure better terms for your student loan through refinancing, you may save money over the life of your loan. But does refinancing student loans hurt your credit score?

While refinancing may cause a small temporary dip in your credit score, your credit score will likely improve in the long term if it helps make your monthly payments more manageable.

Here’s what to know about how refinancing student loans may affect your credit and how to decide if student loan refinancing is the right choice for you.

Do Student Loan Refinance Lenders Look at Credit Scores?

Lenders look into factors including your credit score and payment history to determine if you qualify for student loan refinancing. As a reminder of what creditworthiness is: Your credit tells a story about your past borrowing habits and gives lenders insight into your likelihood of repaying the loan. If that story reflects positively on you, you’re considered “creditworthy” and more likely to qualify for better loan terms, such as a lower interest rate.

To provide you with pre-qualified refinancing rates, lenders usually run a soft credit check with the credit bureaus. A soft credit inquiry doesn’t typically impact your credit score. If you decide to move forward with a student loan refinance offer by submitting a formal application, a lender will conduct a hard credit inquiry, which will impact your score. This impact, however, is usually temporary and may be worth it if you’re able to secure better loan terms.


💡 Quick Tip: Get flexible terms and competitive rates when you refinance your student loan with SoFi.

Possible Positive Effects

There are short- and long-term positive effects of refinancing student loans when it comes to your credit score. Here are some of the times when refinancing student loans can be a good idea.

Short Term

If your original loan has a high interest rate or high monthly payment and it causes you to have late or missed payments, that can hurt your credit score. According to FICO, a popular credit scoring model used by lenders, 35% of your FICO score calculation is based on your payment history.

Recommended: Refinancing Student Loans Guide

Refinancing student loans can affect your credit in a positive way in the short term by making your monthly payments manageable. You may be able to lower your monthly payments if you qualify for a reduced interest rate. You can also choose to extend your repayment term during a refinance to lower your monthly payment, though this may mean you’ll pay more interest over the life of the loan.

Long Term

If you secure better loan terms that make it easier to repay your loans on time, you’ll make positive strides with your credit over time as you maintain a good payment history. Again, with 35% of your FICO score impacted by your repayment habits, this is a key benefit.

And if you qualify for a lower student loan interest rate, a student loan refinance can help you apply more of your cash flow toward your principal balance. In addition to saving more on interest charges for your total education debt, you’ll also repay your student loans faster. Aside from the mental relief you’ll get from a faster debt payoff, paying off your student loan accounts reduces the total outstanding amount you owe, which can impact up to 30% of your FICO score calculation.

Possible Negative Effects

So how does refinancing student loans hurt credit exactly? The negative effects on your credit score are typically minimal if you’re able to make on-time payments. Here’s what to know.

Short Term

Although your credit isn’t impacted by a soft credit check, a hard inquiry does affect your credit score. However, the impact is usually a five-point reduction or less and a hard inquiry from a student loan refinance only hurts your score for a few months, according to credit bureau Experian. After the inquiry drops off of your credit report, it’s no longer factored into your credit score calculation.

Long Term

A student loan refinance can negatively impact your credit score long-term if you find that you’re still unable to make full, on-time monthly payments. If for any reason your loan goes into default, it will adversely affect your credit score.

Recommended: Can You Remove Student Loans from Your Credit Report?

Can You Prevent Any Negative Effects?

The negative impact of refinancing student loans is small, but there are still strategies to minimize their effect:

•   Keep applications within a 14- to 45-day window. When multiple credit inquiries of a similar type are conducted within a close time frame of each other, some credit scoring models count them at only one inquiry.

•   Keep paying your loans while in the refinancing process. Don’t stop making payments to your original loan servicer or lender until your refinancing lender gives you the all-clear. Prematurely stopping your loan payments can negatively impact your credit, even if you’re in the middle of refinancing.

•   Stay on top of your student loan refinance payments. Maintain positive payment activity on your loan to avoid adversely affecting your credit score down the line.

Recommended: Guide to Refinancing Private Student Loans

When Can Refinancing Student Loans Be a Bad Idea?

If you don’t have a strong credit history, it might be challenging to get approved for a competitive refinance student loan rate and terms. Consider building your credit before applying or finding a cosigner with strong credit.

Refinancing also is not a good idea if you’re planning to take advantage of federal student loan programs or benefits, such as deferment, forbearance, student loan forgiveness, or income-driven repayment plans. You will no longer have access to these federal programs if you refinance your loan with a private lender.


💡 Quick Tip: When refinancing a student loan, you may shorten or extend the loan term. Shortening your loan term may result in higher monthly payments but significantly less total interest paid. A longer loan term typically results in lower monthly payments but more total interest paid.

Alternatives to Student Loan Refinancing

Student loan refinancing isn’t the only student loan repayment approach available. Alternative options provided by federal and state programs offer various ways to get relief from your education debt.

Loan Forgiveness Programs

Federal student loan borrowers have access to various student loan forgiveness programs that cancel a portion of your student loan debt. Popular programs that can reduce your student loan burden without impacting your credit include:

•   Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF). Borrowers who participate in PSLF must work full-time at the government level (federal, state, local, or tribal) or nonprofit. During this time, you must also enroll in an income-driven repayment plan and make 120 qualifying payments. Afterward, your remaining eligible federal loan debt is forgiven.

•   Income-driven repayment (IDR) plans. If you want to lower your monthly payments – and potentially get some of your loan balance forgiven – consider opting into an income-driven repayment plan. After making 20 or 25 years of payments on the Income-Based Repayment (IBR) plan, the remainder of your eligible debt should be forgiven. The Department of Education is no longer processing forgiveness for the two other IDR plans, PAYE and ICR, but you should get credit for your payments if you switch to IBR.

Note that PAYE and ICR are set to close in the coming years, and borrowers will have a new income-driven plan option called the Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP) starting in the summer of 2026. Existing borrowers will be able to access IBR or RAP, while those who borrow after July 1, 2026 will only have the RAP plan as an income-driven option.

Each program has specific requirements that you’ll need to fulfill before receiving loan forgiveness, so be sure to review.

Loan Repayment Assistance Programs

Loan Repayment Assistance Programs (LRAPs) are provided through federal and state-sponsored programs, and sometimes through a private employer as an incentive. Qualified loans vary between programs, but some allow commercial loans (i.e. private student loans) and federal student loans.

Typically, a service commitment to work at an approved facility in an underserved area is required to be eligible for loan repayment assistance. After your service contract ends, you’ll receive a certain amount of repayment assistance toward your student loan debt if you meet all of the program’s criteria.

Direct Consolidation Loan

A Direct Consolidation Loan is only available for eligible federal loans; private student loans can’t be consolidated into a federal loan. If you have a hard time keeping track of multiple federal student loans, their due dates, and payment amounts, a consolidation loan simplifies your repayment.

It combines multiple loans into one new consolidation loan. The loan will be at a new interest rate which is the weighted average of the interest on all loans involved in the consolidation. There are many pros and cons involved with a Direct Consolidation Loan so tread carefully before taking this step.

SoFi Student Loan Refinancing Rates

Refinancing student loans can help you save money over the life of the loan if you can secure a lower interest rate or more favorable terms. You may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term. While the hard credit inquiry required by a loan application may temporarily lower your credit score, the long term benefits may be worth it if you’re able to save money and make your monthly payments more manageable.

It’s important to understand, however, that if you refinance federal student loans, you’ll lose access to valuable federal benefits and protections — so you should only refinance if you’re not planning to take advantage of any of these programs.

If you think a student loan refinance may make sense for your situation, you can check how much you might be able to save using a student loan refinancing calculator tool. A SoFi student loan refinance could help you reduce your total borrowing costs and offers competitive terms at low fixed or variable rates.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.


Photo credit: iStock/ferrantraite

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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18 Common Misconceptions About Money

Common Money Myths That Are Hurting Your Finances

Even the most money-savvy person may have some false beliefs about money. Maybe you were raised with misconceptions about finances, such as investing is only for the very rich, or were given off-target advice from well-intentioned friends (telling you to always aim to buy a house vs. renting), for instance.

Incorrect beliefs about money can have a negative impact on how you manage your finances, potentially hindering your path to achieving your goals.

Key Points

•   Debunking money myths can be crucial for financial success.

•   Not all debt is bad; some debt, such as relatively low-interest mortgages, can help build credit and equity.

•   A high salary doesn’t guarantee wealth; saving and investing do.

•   Renting isn’t always worse than buying; it depends on your situation.

•   Saving early for retirement can benefit from compounding returns.

Why Debunking Money Myths Is Key to Financial Success

Being realistic about money can help you set reasonable financial goals and reach them in the short- and long-term. Whether you are feeling financially secure or are looking to better manage your finances, practicing healthy financial habits will serve you well in the long run.

That’s why debunking money myths is important. If you believe, for instance, that carrying lots of credit card debt is “normal,” you may not eliminate that monthly balance that’s dragging down your budget.

Here are some common misconceptions about money to avoid if you want to be financially fit.

10 Common Misconceptions About Money

Here, learn about popular money misconceptions and why it may be time to bust some financial myths.

1. You Need a Lot of Money to Start Investing

You do not need to be rich in order to invest: You can start investing with just a few dollars. The average stock market return is about 10% a year, as measured by the S&P 500 index. The S&P 500 Index return does not include the reinvestment of dividends or account for investment fees, expenses, or taxes, which would reduce actual returns. Investing has risks, and you’ll want to be comfortable with that notion and find investments that suit your risk tolerance.

Whatever you decide to do, investigate fees before you begin investing so you are prepared for any costs you will need to cover.

2. Budgeting Is Too Restrictive and Complicated

Regardless of how little or how much money you have, a budget is helpful for organizing your finances. If you feel budgeting is too restrictive and/or complicated, you probably just haven’t found the right budgeting method yet.

Making a budget could help you achieve financial stability. You need to budget so you can keep track of your spending, your debt, and your savings for future goals.

There are various techniques and tools (spreadsheets, journals, apps) for budgeting. One strategy is the 50/30/20 budget rule, in which 50% of your post-tax money goes towards necessary expenses (housing, food, utilities, and the like), 30% goes towards wants, and 20% is used for saving.

3. All Debt Is Bad Debt

According to Debt.org, 90% of American households have some kind of consumer debt. But keep in mind, not all debt is created equal. Some debt is considered good debt. Think about a mortgage: Once you’ve saved for a down payment, this financial product is typically a fairly low-interest loan that may help build your credit history (if managed responsibly) and also allows you to accrue equity in the home.

Bad debt, on the other hand, is high-interest debt, such as credit card debt, where interest rates are high and you aren’t building equity. Just because a lot of people may have this kind of debt doesn’t mean you should. It can snowball and keep you spending a chunk of money monthly that could otherwise be saved or invested.

4. A High Salary Automatically Makes You Wealthy

A common money misconception is that earning a high salary makes you wealthy. That is not necessarily true. People who earn a lot of money can spend a lot of it too. The key to building wealth is saving and investing your money so it can potentially grow over time. Even if you simply stash money in a high-yield savings account, compounding interest can help grow your wealth.

To look at it from another angle, say one person earns $50,000 a year, lives within their means, and saves and invests wisely. Then there’s a person who earns $500,000 but they own multiple houses, spend freely on luxuries, and haven’t yet gotten their act together in terms of saving and investing. The person who has the lower salary might actually be the wealthier of the two.

5. Buying a Home Is Always Better Than Renting

Buying a home is the quintessential American dream, but it’s not necessarily the right move for everyone. Whether to rent or buy ultimately depends on your personal situation and your aspirations.

You may have heard that renting is a waste of money, but it can provide flexibility for those who are not ready to buy a home or not interested in doing so. For instance, perhaps your work requires you to relocate often, or you only want to buy a house when your baby is older and you can pick the right school district. Maybe you’d rather pay off debt vs. save for a down payment. Or you just might not want the major expense of a mortgage, taxes, and home maintenance in your life. Whatever your situation may be, it’s important not to feel pressured into buying unless it’s the right move for you.

6. You Should Avoid Credit Cards to Stay Out of Debt

Using credit cards as a form of payment doesn’t mean you’ll go into debt. Spending more than you can afford to pay off what you owe, however, may put you on that path. If you use a credit card wisely and typically pay off the debt every month, this can be a factor that helps you build credit. It also keeps you from paying high credit card interest, which averages 24.35% as of July 2025.

However, if you are a person who tends to spend impulsively and not pay your credit card bill on time, this could negatively affect your credit score. This is why it’s important to manage your purchases and pay your credit card bills on time.

7. Saving for Retirement Can Wait Until You’re Older

This can be a dangerous myth to believe. If you are young and are investing for your retirement, you have time on your side. Your invested money can grow over time thanks to compounding returns. Here’s an example: If a 25-year-old invests $200 a month and earns a 6% return, they’ll have $393,700 by age 65. But if that same person starts saving at age 35, that same money at the same rate nets them $201,100, or about half of what they’d have if they started sooner.

It may feel as if retirement is a long way away, but the sooner you begin funding it, the more you are likely to have. If your employer offers a 401(k) plan, take advantage of contributing to it. If this isn’t offered at your place of work, you can open an individual retirement account (IRA) or a Roth IRA.

Increase your savings
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*Earn up to 4.00% Annual Percentage Yield (APY) on SoFi Savings with a 0.70% APY Boost (added to the 3.30% APY as of 12/23/25) for up to 6 months. Open a new SoFi Checking and Savings account and pay the $10 SoFi Plus subscription every 30 days OR receive eligible direct deposits OR qualifying deposits of $5,000 every 31 days by 3/30/26. Rates variable, subject to change. Terms apply here. SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC.

8. Talking About Money Is Taboo

Talking about money issues may seem like taboo, but it shouldn’t be. It can be healthy to talk about money troubles to close family and friends, because they may have ideas about how to approach a solution. Perhaps they experienced a similar issue in the past and can offer advice on how they handled it.

If you find it uncomfortable to talk to family or friends about your money concerns, you might want to consider speaking to a professional. For instance, there are non-profit credit counseling organizations, like the National Foundation for Credit Counseling that could help you if you are burdened with debt and feel overwhelmed.

9. More Money Will Solve All Your Problems

Yes, money can help take care of bills, but the old adage, “More money, more problems” may well be true, too. The secret to being financially secure is not about how much money you make, it’s about how well you manage it.

For instance, say you take a new job that pays twice your current salary. If you turn around and buy a pricier home and car and book some luxury vacations, you might be in more debt and experience more stress than before. The way to prevent this is by not living beyond your means.

Healthy budgeting and saving habits (such as automating your savings) are what can help solve problems.

10. Financial Planning Is Only for the Rich

Financial planning isn’t only for those who have hefty savings accounts, net worth, or investment portfolios. Although it may not be taught in school, financial literacy is important for all, and setting money goals can help you achieve your dreams. Too many people just open a checking account and then ignore their money.

You might be more comfortable working with a financial professional, but you don’t need one to manage your money. It’s totally your choice. You might also see what tools and services your bank offers, and investigate third-party options.

Budgeting and Saving Myths Debunked

There are several myths about budgeting and saving that are worth debunking. For instance, many people believe living on a budget is hard, complicated, time-consuming, and all about deprivation.

Not true! The right budget can help you stay on track financially and achieve your goals. What’s important is to experiment with different budgets to find one that suits your needs. You might use technology, such as a savings calculator to help you along.

Also, it’s a financial myth that you need a lot of money to save effectively. Regardless of your income and expenses, budgeting well can allow you to start saving regularly. Small amounts of money can really add up over time.

Recommended: Savings Goal Calculator

Investing and Retirement Myths Debunked

Here’s what is a common misconception about finances: that you need a lot of money to invest. Anyone can invest well, even starting with a small amount, and robo-advisors can help automate the process for you. On the topic of investing, it’s also a misconception that you don’t have to think about retirement until later. You’re actually likely to save more effectively when you start early (again, even with small amounts) than if you put more money in for a shorter period of time.

Another myth is that you don’t need to save for retirement because you can live off Social Security payments. However, many people find that those payments are not enough when they reach retirement age, especially with rising healthcare costs.

Debt and Credit Card Myths Debunked

A debt myth is that all debt is bad. Some kinds of debt, such as mortgages, charge relatively low interest and allow you to build wealth. However, when it comes to credit cards, there are some myths to conquer. For example, some people may believe that they should only pay the minimum amount on their monthly bill. This amount is the bare minimum, and paying just that can wind up locking you into a debt trap, without building up funds in your bank account because you’re struggling to pay off your debt.

Mindset and Lifestyle Myths Debunked

A mindset and lifestyle myth about money to debunk is that making more money means you’re wealthy. It might be true, but if you allow your spending to rise with every raise at work or money windfall, you could wind up less wealthy than you were before.

This is considered lifestyle creep. An example is when you get a new job and earn more, you go out and, say, lease a luxury car rather than putting the extra money into savings or investing. You live more lavishly, but you could be shortchanging your future.

How to Develop a Health Money Mindset

To develop a healthy money mindset, it’s helpful to devote some time and energy to learning how to manage your money well. That could mean reading up on finances, listening to podcasts, or taking an online course.

Goal setting is important, too. By establishing your short-, medium, and long-term goals, you can begin working toward achieving them. Budgeting well and talking with trusted friends and relatives for advice can help you get on the right track. Automating your savings so money seamlessly gets transferred into a savings account can be a smart move, too. You might also work with a financial planner or a financial therapist to help you in your money journey.

The Takeaway

Myths about money can stand in the way of your making the most of your finances. By avoiding these misconceptions, you’ll be better able to take control of your cash, budget, save, and invest wisely. These moves can not only help you achieve your goals, they can enhance your peace of mind, too.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

What is the biggest misconception people have about money?

There are many negative beliefs about money. Some include believing only rich people should invest their funds and that a person doesn’t need to think about retirement saving when they are young. These misconceptions can keep people from reaching their financial goals.

Is it true that you need money to make money?

While having money can help you make money, it’s not a requirement. By budgeting well and saving regularly (even small amounts), you can work toward generating wealth. A person who makes $50,000 could be wealthier than one who makes a multiple of that if they manage their money more wisely.

Why is it so hard to talk about personal finances?

It can be hard to talk about personal finances because many people are raised with the belief that one should never discuss money. It’s a myth about money that it’s a taboo topic. Unfortunately, this secrecy leads people not to share information that could help one another manage money better. Also, typically financial management skills aren’t taught in school, so many people clam up about the topic since they feel ignorant about it.

What’s a simple first step to fix my money mindset?

Often, the simple first step to fix your money mindset is to think about and recognize your attitudes. Do online research about money management and talk to friends whose money management you respect. Look at the interest rates on your credit card and student loans, try budgeting apps, and take other small steps that begin to put you in the driver’s seat financially rather than believing prevailing wisdom.

Maybe you think that there’s no point saving for retirement until you’re older or that investing is only for the rich. By being honest about your beliefs and then working to educate yourself and take steps toward financial management, you can fix your money mindset.

Is carrying a small credit card balance good for my score?

If you’ve wondered about what are some common money misconceptions, this is one! Carrying a balance doesn’t build your credit score. Among the habits that help maintain and build your credit score are always paying your card on time and keeping your credit utilization ratio (your balance vs. your credit limit) as low as possible. Under 30%, if not under 10%, is considered a good level.


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Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

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*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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student with glasses

The Impact of Student Loan Debt on the Economy

Unpaid student loans can take a significant toll on personal finances. For millions of Americans, outstanding student debt means years of ongoing payments, often averaging hundreds of dollars per month. It can be hard to balance paying back what’s owed on student loans while meeting immediate expenses and pursuing long-term financial goals.

But the impact student loan debt has on the economy goes deeper than dinging individuals’ bank accounts — it impacts entire economic sectors. Here’s how student debt affects the economy, plus ways borrowers can pay off their loans faster.

Key Points

•   Student loan debt limits the disposable income of borrowers, leading to decreased spending on goods and services, which can slow economic growth.

•   High debt levels often delay homeownership, marriage, and starting a family, affecting long-term economic stability and consumer markets.

•   Borrowers are less likely to save for retirement or emergencies, which can lead to financial vulnerability and reduced economic resilience.

•   The burden of student loans can influence career decisions, pushing graduates towards higher-paying jobs rather than pursuing their passions or contributing to less lucrative but essential sectors.

•   Ways to pay off student loans quickly include making more than the minimum payment due, pursuing loan forgiveness programs, or refinancing their student loans.

Understanding How Many Americans Have Student Loans

For a comprehensive view of student loan debt and the economy, it’s useful to know just how much money is owed by borrowers across the U.S. in educational debt. In 2025, the cumulative total of student loan debt in the U.S. is nearly $1.8 trillion.

This educational debt load affects tens of millions of Americans. More than 42 million borrowers have federal student loan debt, with an average balance per individual of $38,375. To obtain a bachelor’s degree, the average public university student takes out almost $32,000 in undergraduate student loans.

For those with master’s degrees, student loan debt is even higher. The average master’s degree holder’s student loan debt is $84,203, which is more than double the average student debt balance.

Given these massive amounts, it becomes clearer how the U.S. college student loan debt crisis and the economy are enmeshed.

Demographics Most Affected by Student Loan Debt

The amount of student loan debt a borrower has varies by a number of demographic factors, including the level of education they attain, with individuals with graduate student loans owing more, as well as their race, income level, and gender. For instance, more women than men have student loan debt and black student loan holders tend to owe more than white borrowers, according to the Education Data Initiative (EDI).

Age is also a factor that can significantly affect student loan debt.

Age Groups Carrying the Most Debt

Borrowers under age 40 owe 54.5% of student loan debt, the EDI reports. While those in their 30s owe 32.5% of the student loan debt (or $517.45 billion in loans), student loan borrowers ages 18 to 29 are the age group most likely to have debt: One in four borrowers in this group owes student loan debt.

Older adults are also struggling with debt from their college years. In fact, adults ages 50 to 61 have an average student loan debt of $46,790, which is the highest student loan debt per borrower.

Here’s how student loan debt breaks down among age groups:

Age

Average student loan debt

18 to 29 $23,795
30 to 39 $42,014
40 to 49 $44,798
50 to 61 $46,790

Reviewing Effects of Student Loan Debt on the Economy

If the total amount of student loan debt held by Americans sounds staggering, that’s because it is. That total — $1.777 trillion — is more than the GDP of countries such as Australia, Spain, and South Korea.

With these numbers in mind, let’s dive deeper into the impact this massive amount of educational debt has on the U.S. economy.

Does Student Loan Debt Hamper Spending?

For those paying off a student loan, the average student loan payment for bachelor’s degree-holders is $336. Those with a master’s degree pay $842 per month, on average. For many — especially those embarking on a career and earning an entry-level salary — this ongoing financial obligation can put a serious dent in funds they could otherwise spend elsewhere.

Student loan repayments can take a big chunk of the money that individuals have available each month for buying, investing, saving, or starting a business.

Here’s why: More money spent paying back student loans means less money for consumer spending and saving. Consumer-driven economies grow when people spend their hard-earned money. If people are struggling to pay off their student loans, they’ll have less money to spend on purchases that help fuel the economy, businesses, and the workforce. The more individuals there are who are struggling to pay off loans, the greater this economic dampening effect that occurs.

During periods that require economic resilience, such as in a recession, reduced spending can be especially harmful. On the flipside, consumer spending can help to stimulate a floundering economy, possibly mitigating or reversing sudden downturns in specific sectors.

When spending doesn’t happen during a downturn, it can take longer for the economy as a whole to bounce back. And for those with student debt, it can also be harder to weather a financial crisis, compounding the pain of higher unemployment and lower spending.

Recommended: How Do Student Loans Work?

How Do Student Loans Affect the Housing Market?

With less money to spend, it’s no surprise that people with student loans have fewer funds for big ticket items, such as buying a home. According to the EDI, 29% of borrowers with student loan debt say their debt has prevented them from owning a home, and 51% of those who are currently renting say their debt prevents them from buying a place of their own.

Because home ownership is a major driver of wealth accumulation, delaying homeownership can impact an individual’s net worth for decades to come.

How Do Student Loans Stifle Entrepreneurship?

Small businesses contribute to the economy in major ways. In fact, they’re responsible for 1.5 million jobs annually, accounting for 64% of all new jobs. Small businesses employ 61.7 million people, which is almost 46% of the private sector workforce.

Future business owners who are saddled with student loan debt may not be able to turn to traditional means of financing, such as small business loans. It can be harder to get approved for financing when your debt-to-income ratio is high due to loans.

And when an individual with student debt does become an entrepreneur, they’re at risk of falling behind on student loan payments if their income decreases as they work to launch their business.

Recommended: Smart Strategies to Lower Your Student Loan Payments

Paying Off Student Loans Can Benefit Individuals and the Economy

When examining student loan debt and the economy, it may be helpful for borrowers to research additional ways to pay off existing student loans — both for their own financial well-being and the future growth of the U.S. economy as a whole.

Here are some strategies that could help those with outstanding student debt to pay down their student loans faster.

Paying More than the Minimum Due

Student loan interest generally accrues over time. In most cases, the longer student loan debt goes unpaid, the more the borrower will owe, as unpaid interest gets added to the base dollar amount that had been borrowed from the lender. This is called compounding, and most student loans compound their interest daily. Our student loan calculator can help you see exactly how much you’re spending on interest over the life of the loan.

Many lenders allow borrowers the option to submit a minimum payment. In the short term, paying a lower amount per month can free up some income or cash. But paying the minimum does little or nothing to tackle the outstanding loan balance — typically, the borrower is just paying the accruing interest.

Paying more than the minimum can help reduce the length of time it will take to pay off an existing student loan, shrinking the principal balance as well as the amount of interest paid during the life of the loan. You can ask your lender to apply the additional payment to the principle of the loan, which can help reduce the amount you pay in interest over the life of the loan.

While increasing monthly payments may not be manageable for every individual, paying a little extra when possible can help borrowers eliminate student debt faster. If nothing else, borrowers may want to apply occasional windfalls, such as a work bonus or tax refund, toward their outstanding student debt.

Applying for Loan Forgiveness

Under some circumstances, the government will forgive federal student loans, essentially canceling out the remaining debt after a specific set of conditions have been met.

Some teachers and public servants are among the groups that may be eligible for federal student loan forgiveness programs, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF). This program is available to qualifying federal student loan borrowers who work in public service for an eligible non-profit or government organization and who make a qualifying number of payments on an eligible repayment plan.

Some states and other organizations also offer forgiveness, especially for those in the healthcare field. There are also military forgiveness programs. Check to see what forgiveness programs are available that you might be eligible for.

Refinancing Student Loans

Refinancing student loans with a private lender may result in lower interest rates and/or the ability to pay off what’s owed in a shorter amount of time.

Student loan refinancing replaces outstanding student loans with a new loan. The new loan can have different terms and ideally, a lower interest rate.

However, it’s important to know that refinancing federal student loans with a private lender means that the borrower will forfeit federal benefits, such as access to income-driven repayment plans and federal public service forgiveness programs.

Budgeting and Financial Planning for Faster Repayment

Finally, to help pay off your student loans faster, examine your budget carefully. Track your spending and expenses and look for areas where you can cut back. For instance, maybe you can eat home more often to save on restaurant bills, or eliminate one of your streaming services — or both. You can then apply the money you save to your student loan payments.

Another step that could help: automating your monthly payments. That way, you can avoid any late fees. Plus, some lenders offer interest rate discounts to borrowers who enroll in auto pay.

The Takeaway

Student loan debt affects the economy in a number of different ways. Borrowers with student loan debt may have to reduce their consumer spending and delay buying a home or starting a business, for example, which can affect the broader economy.

Fortunately, there are methods borrowers can use to help manage student debt, such as paying more than the minimum amount due, budgeting for faster repayment, looking into student loan forgiveness programs, and considering student loan refinancing.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

How does student loan debt affect life?

Student loan debt can impact life significantly, affecting financial stability, mental health, and major life decisions. It may delay homeownership, marriage, and starting a family, and can cause stress and anxiety. High debt levels may also limit career choices and savings for retirement.

How does being in debt affect the economy?

Being in debt can strain personal finances and thus reduce consumer spending and savings. This can slow economic growth, as consumer spending is a key driver. High levels of debt can also lead to increased student loan default rates, affecting financial institutions and potentially causing broader economic instability.

How many Americans have student loans?

Almost 43 million million Americans have student loans, collectively owing over $1.7 trillion. This widespread debt affects a significant portion of the population, impacting their financial decisions and economic contributions.

What economic sectors are most impacted by student loan debt?

The economic sectors most impacted by student loan debt include consumer spending, since borrowers with high student loan debt may cut back on spending; housing, because student loan debt makes it more difficult for many student loan holders to save for a down payment or qualify for a mortgage; and entrepreneurship since those with student loan debt may have a tough time qualifying for financing, including small business loans.

Can widespread student loan forgiveness boost the economy?

It’s not known whether widespread student loan forgiveness could boost the economy and there is a lot of debate about the effect it might have. Some economists think widespread forgiveness could provide an economic boost because it would increase consumer spending, drive sales of housing, and help with the launch of new businesses. Other economists believe the impact might be small, that forgiving student loans would be a huge cost to the federal government, and that forgiveness would be unfair to borrowers who have already repaid their loans.


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Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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What Are Discretionary Expenses? A Complete Guide

When it comes to spending money, there are the needs in life, and then there are the wants. Discretionary expenses are those wants: non-essential outlays of cash that pay for things that are not essential. Think of upgrading to a new phone because the camera is cooler on the latest model or deciding to head to the beach for a long weekend.

Digging into the difference between discretionary and essential spending can help you understand and optimize your spending and your budgeting.

Because discretionary expenses are unnecessary, they can be a good place to trim one’s budget and find more funds to use elsewhere. Learn more about these costs and how to manage them.

Key Points

•   Discretionary expenses are non-essential costs that can be adjusted or eliminated to free up money for savings or other financial goals.

•   Examples of discretionary expenses include dining out, entertainment, vacations, and luxury items.

•   Differentiating between discretionary and non-discretionary expenses helps prioritize spending and make informed financial decisions.

•   Tracking discretionary expenses can reveal patterns and areas where adjustments can be made to save money.

•   Balancing discretionary spending with saving and investing can be key to achieving financial stability and reaching long-term goals.

What Is the Definition of a Discretionary Expense?

To understand what is a discretionary expense, first consider what essential spending is. For example, housing expenses, like mortgage payments or rent, are things a person can’t do without. Shelling out for food, fuel, taxes, and minimum debt payments are other examples of spending that’s essential.

Some of these necessary expenses will still be variable, changing every month. For example, an electricity bill may go up and down depending on how much time is spent at home and the season of the year.

However, the wants of life (or what some people may call the fun stuff) are those expenses paid from your discretionary or disposable income. They reflect the goods and services that may not be vital for survival but that people frequently spend money on.

Recommended: Student Budget Calculator

Discretionary vs Non-Discretionary Expenses: What’s the Difference?

Any expenses beyond core costs are considered discretionary; it’s a matter of needs vs. wants. Typically, discretionary costs reflect wants. They aren’t needed for a person to function in day-to-day life. Rather, they have more to do with lifestyle.

Broadly, discretionary expenses could include vacations, entertainment, luxury items, eating out in restaurants, and electronic gadgets.

Exactly what constitutes a discretionary expense can be subjective.

•  While food is generally thought of as a necessary expense, some types of eating are actually discretionary. Eating at restaurants is avoidable and often more expensive than making food at home. Buying luxury ingredients at the grocery store (ahem, imported cheeses) can be more costly than sticking to pantry staples.

•  Similarly, clothing, in many instances, is a necessary expense. If a person lives in a cold climate, owning an insulated winter coat is a legitimate need. (Without one, the person could risk their health or well-being).

Still, there’s tons of variation in the price of winter coats. Choosing to buy a utilitarian coat often costs much less than buying a designer jacket.

Even within the categories of essential expenses, individuals can exercise their discretion to spend wisely and keep the money in their savings account growing.

4 Common Examples of Discretionary Expenses

Here’s a list of some common types of discretionary expenses to consider. You might wind up cutting non-essential spending to free up money for other purposes.

1. Entertainment and Hobbies

Concerts, movies, comedy shows, and plays can be wonderful experiences. Though you may argue that Taylor Swift or Beyoncé tickets are necessary for survival, these are discretionary spending in truth. The same holds true for pursuing hobbies, such as spending a bundle on rock-climbing classes or booking a cycling trip through Europe. Practically speaking, you could stay fit by, say, running on a local trail or working out at home.

2. Dining Out and Travel

Your everyday meals are a necessity, but when you grab a pricey green juice to go, take a seat at the sushi bar, or join friends for drinks on a Friday, those are discretionary expenses. Also, while the “I need a vacation” sentiment can run strong, taking a trip is considered a discretionary expense.

3. Upgrades and Luxury Goods

As noted above, snagging the latest phone or laptop because it has cool new features is not a necessity. It could be considered FOMO spending. Also, buying luxury goods and services, such as a pricey wrist watch or expensive haircut, qualify as discretionary expenses.

4. Subscriptions and Memberships

Do you have wonderful things turn up on your doorstep regularly as part of a subscription? Whether makeup samples or snacks of the world, these don’t count as needs but wants. Similarly, if you spend money on memberships, such as at a yoga studio, that is not considered essential spending.

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How to Budget for Discretionary Spending

Tracking discretionary expenses is key in case times get tough or a person wants to make a budget or tighten theirs up. When planning for financial goals, like saving up for a mortgage down payment, finding places to pare back can add up.

Tracking discretionary expenses can help with making or paring back budgets.

One of the most important strategies for tracking discretionary spending is creating a household budget. Budgeting may help individuals to ensure there’s enough money to cover necessary expenses and bills. Once those needs are covered, it’s possible then to set the remaining money aside for discretionary spending.

Step 1: Calculate Your Discretionary Income

To start building a monthly household budget, tally up total monthly income after taxes. Be sure to include all sources of income, such as:

•  Salary

•  Any money made from freelance or side hustle gigs

•  Passive earnings, such as rental property income or dividends.

Then, you will allocate this amount of money to cover your needs, wants, and saving goals.

Step 2: Choose a Budgeting Method That Fits Your Style

There are a variety of different budgeting methods. Some are particularly suited to tracking monthly spending. Here’s a look at common budgeting strategies:

The 50/30/20 Rule: The 50/30/20 budget rule was popularized by Elizabeth Warren and her daughter Amelia Warren Tyagi in their book All Your Worth. The idea behind this strategy is that monthly income is divided proportionally between three categories:

•  50% goes to essentials, or needs

•  30% goes to discretionary spending, or wants

•  20% goes to savings.

This strategy prioritizes savings, removing it from the category of discretionary spending and making sure it’s part of every month’s budget. This budgeting strategy takes a broad view and can be good for people who are easily overwhelmed by tracking details.

Use an online 50/30/20 calculator to get a quick look at how your income falls into the three categories.

Line-item Budgeting: For those who love to dive into the nitty-gritty details of spending habits, line-item budgeting might be a better fit. Line-item budgeting can involve breaking out a spreadsheet, examining expenses in fine-toothed detail.

For example, rather than simply having a broad category for all groceries, a line-item budget could break down how much gets spent on buying meat, vegetables, dairy, bread, prepared foods, and coffee. Naturally, the more details that are tracked, the more information a budgeter has on exactly where their money is going.

There may even be pockets of “essential” spending — for instance, the types of groceries being bought — that could be pared back. Rather than helping a person to allocate funds, a line-item budget focuses on tracking spending.

Envelope Budgeting: In envelope budgeting, a person writes down their discretionary spending categories on individual paper envelopes. Next, they decide how much they’re willing to spend in each category and place that amount of cash in each envelope. The idea is to train oneself to avoid using debt or credit cards, which can encourage impulse spending.

And here’s the rub: Once the cash within a given envelope has run out, it’s gone. You could borrow from another envelope if that has some available cash. But most envelope budgeters strive not to spend beyond the predetermined funds. So if the entertainment fund has run dry, then it’s Netflix at home instead of going out to the movie theater.

Though this budgeting approach may sound harsh, it can provide stricter guardrails that help individuals to spend within their means.

Zero-Based Budgeting: With zero-based budgeting, every dollar of income has a designated role and can be assigned as an expense. Another way to look at it: One’s income minus expenses equals zero.

Zero-based budgeting can take a little bit of extra work, since individuals would need to sit down at the start of each month to assign exact dollar amounts to necessary expenses, discretionary expenses, savings, and other costs. Budgeters seek to stop spending in each category when the allotted dollar amount gets spent.

Still, it may not always be possible to avoid running over the anticipated budget. In those cases, the amount spent in excess of the budget could be subtracted from discretionary funds in the next month. Or perhaps the budgeter may want to allocate more funds in the future for discretionary categories.

Track Your Spending to Stay on Course

As you budget, it’s important to determine whether incoming money can cover both regular and surprise costs. Ideally, your budget can help you monitor how much money you are spending and allocate it wisely to reach your goals. You may need to try a couple of budgeting techniques to find one that helps you wrangle your discretionary expenses.

Also, when either income drops or the cost of a necessary expense goes up, it can be necessary to update one’s budget accordingly. Making cuts to discretionary expenses may be one place to find more cash and avoid depleting the funds in your bank account.

On top of short-term expenses, it can be smart to allot amounts each month either to savings or an emergency fund. Automating savings might cut the temptation to shop, as these funds are already transferred to another vault or account (and, hence, harder to spend). Over time, as savings grow, funds could go toward pursuing long-term financial goals, such as a home down payment, starting a kid’s college fund, or investing for retirement.

Recommended: Passive Income Ideas

Why Tracking Discretionary Spending Is Key to Your Financial Goals

Consider these reasons why making a budget for discretionary expenses can benefit you:

•   Avoid overspending: When you have a budget, you have guardrails. You know how much money you have coming in and how it’s allotted. You know that if you spend too much, you could wind up with high-interest credit card debt, which can be challenging to pay down.

•   Paying off debt: With a budget for your expenses, you can likely rein in spending and focus on putting dollars toward wiping out high-interest debt.

•   Saving for your future: If you follow a budget and don’t go overboard with discretionary spending, you can likely funnel funds toward important goals, such as buying a house or paying for your child’s college education.

The Takeaway

Understanding discretionary expenses, which are non-essential, can help with smart budgeting and achieving one’s short- and long-term goals. Examples of discretionary expenses are often fun purchases and experiences, like jewelry, dining out, and concert tickets. Knowing how much you can afford to spend on these and sticking to your budget’s guidelines can help you manage your money better and enhance your financial health. Your bank may offer tools to help you monitor and manage your spending.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

Are groceries and clothing discretionary expenses?

Groceries can be a discretionary vs. essential expense when you buy premium items that aren’t needed as part of a basic diet, such as high-priced exotic fruit or premium coffee or chocolate (though of course splurges can be part of a budget). Similarly, clothing can be a discretionary expense if it’s not a necessity (meaning things like a warm winter coat or basic clothes to wear to work). When you buy something just because you like it but don’t need it, that’s a discretionary expense.

What are discretionary expense examples?

Examples of discretionary expenses include travel, entertainment, and eating out.

What are examples of non-discretionary expenses?

Non-discretionary expenses are typically the needs or musts of basic life, such as housing and utilities, food, healthcare, transportation, and minimum debt payments.

What percentage of my income should go to discretionary spending?

According to the 50/30/20 budget rule, 30% of your take-home pay should go to discretionary spending.

How can I cut back on my discretionary spending?

To cut back on discretionary spending, it’s wise to analyze your spending, set guidelines for non-essential spending, and be mindful when shopping or considering expenses. For instance, while a new phone with bells and whistles could be nice, if that means going into high-interest credit card debt, it may not be wise. Budgeting apps may help you rein in discretionary spending.



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Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

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*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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How Does Bill Pay Work?

Online bill pay can automate payments of one-time and recurring bills, allowing you to seamlessly transfer funds from your bank account to a payee. Using technology in this way can not only be convenient, it may reduce the odds that you’ll forget to pay a bill and end up getting hit with a late fee.

If you’re curious to know more about what online bill pay is, how it works and how to set it up, read on.

Key Points

•   Online bill pay automates the payment process, allowing seamless fund transfers from your bank account to payees.

•   It eliminates the need for check writing and can be managed via digital devices.

•   Users can schedule payments in advance, optimizing their time and managing cash flow effectively.

•   Bill pay and autopay are distinct; bill pay involves user-directed payments, while autopay allows automatic withdrawals by creditors.

•   Setting up bill pay involves selecting bills to automate, entering payee information, and scheduling payments.

What Is Online Bill Pay?

Bill pay is a way of paying your bills online and automating your finances. It allows you to use your mobile device, laptop, or tablet to send money from your account to that of another person or business. No check writing or manual transfers are required.

You specify the funds and provide details on the recipient, and the amount is automatically taken from your account and sent to the payee.

While you can do this in real time, you can also determine the “when.” That means you can schedule bills for payment in advance whenever you have time free, which can be a huge life hack. You can also typically set up recurring payments, which can make paying bills seamless and can help you avoid late fees, too.

How Does the Bill Pay Process Actually Work?

Online bill pay involves a few steps, such as logging into your bank account, accessing the bill pay feature, providing information on where the money should go and the amount, and when you would like it sent.

Then, the banks involved handle the rest, with the funds being electronically debited from your account as indicated and sent to your credit. Often, online bill pay uses the Automated Clearing House, or ACH, system to move the money between financial institutions.

With this process, you can avoid writing and mailing checks or using high-interest credit cards to make payments. In this way, bill pay can be a useful feature of online banking.

expenses that typically accept online bill pay

Here are some of the ways you might use online bill pay services:

For Electronic Payments to Major Companies

You can use bill pay for automated payments to such major companies as:

•  Your mortgage lender

•  Utilities

•  Your car loan lender

•  Your credit card issuer

•  Your student loan provider

•  Subscription services, like streaming platforms

For Paper Checks to Small Businesses or Individuals

You can also likely use bill pay instead of writing checks for such things as:

•  Gym memberships

•  Individuals, such as a dog walker or landscaper

•  Charities you donate to

Not only can this save you the time it takes to write a check, but it can also avoid any worry of the check being stolen or lost.

Bill Pay vs Autopay: What’s the Difference?

You may be tempted to use the terms bill pay and autopay interchangeably, but they are actually two different processes.

•   With bill pay, you are set up one or more payments; you are establishing when and how much money will be taken out of your bank account and transferred to the payee.

•   With autopay, however, you are authorizing a creditor to take money out of your account (which can make some people feel as if they are sacrificing control) or to use your bank’s bill payment system to do so.

Recommended: Paying Bills From a Savings Account

How to Set Up Online Bill Pay in 5 Steps

While bill pay can help make managing finances simpler, it does require some initial manual set-up. But, once you’ve learned how bill pay works, this automatic feature can make keeping track of and paying bills less cumbersome. Here’s how to set up bill pay:

Step 1: Choose a Bank or Credit Unions That Offers Bill Pay

While many financial institutions offer digital payment tools, like online bill pay, it’s worth investigating the features that are included at each before opening up an account. Online billing is free with some accounts, while some providers may charge for each transaction — either per bill or on a repeating monthly basis. You can likely set it up on your financial institution’s website or your banking app.

Step 2: Gather Your Bill Information

Next, think about which ongoing bills you want to automate.

•   Predictable expenses (or fixed vs. variable expenses) that don’t fluctuate from month to month, such as loan and mortgage payments or the internet bill, are solid candidates for recurring automated payments. You may want to schedule payment for a time each month when you know there’ll be sufficient funds in your account to cover what’s come due. Some service providers may even allow you to change the due date on certain bills.

•   Bills that change every month may be more challenging to automate. For instance, if your credit card bill might be $300 one month and $1,300 the next, it can be hard to be certain you’ll have enough money in your checking account to cover the cost.

When you know which bills you want to pay, you’ll sign onto your bank’s website or app and search for the “Pay a Bill” or “Online Bill Pay” function.

Worth noting: Some financial institutions place a cap on the amount of money that can be transferred electronically through bill pay. If an automatic payment exceeds that designated transaction limit, users may then need to pay via a physical method, such as a personal or cashier’s check.

Step 3: Add Your Payees in Your Banking App

The bank’s portal or app will then typically guide you to add details so your funds can be transferred from your checking account to your payee.

You’ll enter the details of each biller you want to pay, including their name, address, and your account number. Or you may be able to search for your biller or choose from a list provided by the bank.

Step 4: Schedule Your First Payment (One-Time or Recurring)

In this step, you can either schedule a one-time payment (to happen ASAP or at a later date), or you might set up a recurring payment at a given frequency (say, on the first of every month).

Step 5: Confirm the Payment and Set Up Alerts

Now, you’re ready to submit your payment. Before authorizing the transfer, double-check the payment details. When you’re ready to finish your transaction, you may be required to submit a security or multi-factor authentication code.

Some financial institutions place a cap on the amount of money that can be transferred electronically through bill pay. If an automatic payment exceeds that designated transaction limit, users may then need to pay via a physical method, such as a personal or cashier’s check.

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*Earn up to 4.00% Annual Percentage Yield (APY) on SoFi Savings with a 0.70% APY Boost (added to the 3.30% APY as of 12/23/25) for up to 6 months. Open a new SoFi Checking and Savings account and pay the $10 SoFi Plus subscription every 30 days OR receive eligible direct deposits OR qualifying deposits of $5,000 every 31 days by 3/30/26. Rates variable, subject to change. Terms apply here. SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC.

What Are the Benefits and Risks of Using Bill Pay?

Here are details about some of the consequences of not paying bills on time.

Benefit: Helps Avoid Late Fees and Protects Your Credit

One of the ways companies or service providers enforce on-time payments is by penalizing people for paying late. Whether it’s a credit card, utility bill or simply missing a payment date by a single day, submitting a late payment can result in late fees, higher interest rates, or other charges.

On top of late penalties, some providers may also charge interest on the balance owed, essentially creating a double wallop of fees if you’re late paying a bill.

•   In some cases, the interest may be charged starting the day an account becomes overdue. In others, it may accrue going back to the purchase date or transaction day.

•   Depending on the interest rate charged and how frequently that interest compounds, this fee could quickly balloon to more than the initial fee assessed.

In addition, late payments are typically reported to the credit bureaus when a payment goes past 30 days unpaid. This in turn can negatively affect your credit score.

Benefit: Simplifies Your Financial Life

Another benefit of using online bill pay can make managing your money easier. There’s no check writing required, and you can make payments anytime, from anywhere you have a wifi connection. So if you need to pay a bill while you are on vacation or you want to set up monthly payments to your power company, it’s easy to do.

As noted above, being able to manage your bill paying with this electronic service can also help you avoid late payments, which can help maintain or build your credit score.

You can also schedule payments for those moments you know there’s enough money in your account to cover debits (say, right after payday), which can help you avoid overdraft fees.

Risk: Payments Aren’t Instant and Require Buffer Time

When using bill pay, it’s wise to keep in mind that it is not an instant payment. Processing times can vary on such factors as time of day and day of the work, as well as individual financial institutions’ policies. Typically, it can take a couple of days for an online bill pay to be completed, so it can be smart to schedule the payment for a few days ahead of the due date. Otherwise, you risk a late payment and possible fees.

Risk: Requires Sufficient Funds to Avoid Issues

Automating your finances doesn’t mean you don’t have to monitor your finances. If you don’t keep very careful tabs on your money, you could risk overdraft if you don’t have overdraft protection. Say you have unusually high expenses one month; your bank balance might be lower than needed to cover your automated bill payments. This could lead to fees and headaches.

Recommended: How to Pay Bills After Job Loss

How Long Does Bill Pay Usually Take?

Bill pay processing times can vary, but electronic payments usually take 2-5 business days. This can offer an advantage over mailing a paper check which requires time in transit as well as up to several days to process.

Keep in mind that scheduling a bill pay at 7pm on a Friday is likely to require more time to arrive at its destination than one that you schedule at 9am on a Monday. Timing and day of the week will impact your payments, so factor this in when scheduling. It’s often best to schedule payments a few days in advance to make sure they reach the creditor by the due date.

The Takeaway

Bill paying is a fact of life, but there are tools that can make it quicker and more convenient. Signing up for automated online bill pay can put you in control. It can ensure that bills get paid on time, reducing the likelihood of late-payment or overdraft fees. It can be a smart move to see what your bank offers in terms of this service and whether it can simplify your financial life.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

Is online bill pay safe to use?

Online bill pay is typically very safe. While no financial or digital process is entirely risk-free, a reputable bank or credit union usually uses state-of-the-art security measures, such as encryption and multi-factor authentication.

Can I stop a bill payment after I’ve scheduled it?

If a payment hasn’t yet been processed, you can likely cancel it. You may be able to stop a payment via your bank’s app or website or by contacting customer service. A fee may be involved. If the payment is already being sent, however, you may be out of luck in terms of stopping payment.

Can I use bill pay to pay an individual or a landlord?

While many people may think of bill pay as being used to send funds to, say, a utility or other company, you can often use bill pay to send funds to an individual (say, your landscaper or babysitter). You will need their banking details to set this up.

What happens if I schedule a payment but don’t have enough money in my account?

If you schedule an online bill pay but don’t have enough cash in your bank account, the payment will likely be declined. This means your payee doesn’t receive the funds, and you may be hit with late fees and/or overdraft fees. Typically, your bank will notify you that the funds didn’t transfer, and you will need to take action to remedy the situation.

Is there a fee to use online bill pay?

There typically isn’t a fee charged by your bank to use online bill pay. However, some financial institutions may charge a fee to expedite an online bill payment. Also, third-party bill pay services may sometimes charge a fee to use their services.


SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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