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The Pell Grant, the largest federal grant program, offers funding for undergraduate students with exceptional financial need. Eligibility is determined annually based on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®), and students can receive the grant for up to six years of full-time study. The maximum award amount changes every year. For the 2025-26 school year, the maximum Pell Grant is $7,395.

The amount you can receive depends on several factors, including your family’s income and assets, the cost of attendance at your school, and your enrollment status. Here’s a closer look at how the Pell Grant works and how it compares other forms of financial aid.

Applying for a Pell Grant

To apply for a Pell Grant, you must complete the FAFSA at studentaid.gov. This is the primary form used by colleges to determine a student’s eligibility for federal aid programs, including the Pell Grant.

Pell Grant Eligibility Requirements

The Pell Grant has strict eligibility requirements. These include:

Financial Need

Pell Grants are awarded to individuals who demonstrate exceptional financial need. There are no official income limits, but award amounts are determined by several factors, including your Student Aid Index (SAI), the cost of attendance at your chosen school, and whether you’re enrolled full- or part-time.

Undergraduate Status

Pell Grants are generally only awarded to undergraduate students. However, there may be some exceptions for students enrolled in post-baccalaureate teacher certification programs.

Meeting General Eligibility Requirements

To qualify for a Pell Grant, students must also meet the general eligibility requirements for all federal financial aid programs, which include:

•   Being a U.S. citizen or eligible noncitizen

•   Having a valid Social Security number

•   Having a high school diploma or equivalent (like a GED)

•   Being accepted for or enrolled in an eligible degree or certificate program

💡 Quick Tip: You’ll make no payments on some private student loans for six months after graduation.

How Do Pell Grants Work?

After submitting your FAFSA, the Department of Education determines your Student Aid Index (SAI), a number that measures your financial need, and sends this information to your school. If you are an undergraduate student with exceptional financial need, you may qualify for this grant funding.

Each school that participates in the federal Pell Grant program receives enough funding annually to fully cover Pell Grant awards to all eligible students. That means that if you qualify, you’ll receive your full eligible amount.

Students typically receive 100% of their annual Pell Grant split evenly between the fall and spring semesters. However, you can also receive a “year-round Pell,” which allows students who have already received their full award for the fall and spring to receive up to an additional 50% for an extra semester (e.g.,summer).

Understanding the Student Aid Index (SAI)

The Student Aid Index (SAI) is a measure that determines your eligibility for need-based federal financial aid, including the Pell Grant. Your SAI is not the amount you will have to pay, but simply a number used by schools to allocate aid.

Your SAI is calculated based on the financial information you (and any other contributors) reported on your FAFSA, including your family’s income and assets. The SAI ranges from –1,500 to 999,999, with a negative SAI indicating higher financial need. For example, if you have an SAI of –1,500, you’ll generally qualify for a maximum Pell Grant award, according to the Department of Education.

Pell Grant Funding for Military Service in Afghanistan or Iraq

You can qualify for a maximum Pell Grant award regardless of your calculated SAI if:

•   You are the child of a parent or guardian who died in the line of duty while either serving on active duty as a member of the U.S. Armed Forces on or after Sept. 11, 2001, or actively serving as and performing the duties of a public safety officer; and

•   You are younger than age 33 as of January 1 prior to the award year you’re applying for.

What Sorts of Expenses Can the Pell Grant Be Used For?

The Pell Grant can be used to cover qualified education-related expenses, including:

Tuition

Pell Grant funds can be used to pay for the cost of tuition.

Educational Expenses

You can use your Pell Grant to pay for other education-related expenses, such as the cost of books, lab fees, or other supplies like a graphic calculator or other expenses related to your course of study.

Living Expenses

It’s also possible to use the Pell Grant to pay for living expenses. This could cover room and board at your college or university. Or, if you live off-campus, this could cover the cost of rent and groceries.

Maintaining Eligibility for a Pell Grant

To continue receiving the Pell Grant throughout your college career:

•   You must fill out the FAFSA every year.

•   You must stay enrolled in your undergraduate program.

•   You need to maintain satisfactory academic progress as defined by your school This typically involves maintaining a minimum grade point average (GPA) and completing a certain percentage of the courses attempted.

•   You need to stay within the 12-semester lifetime limit – you are no longer eligible to receive a Pell Grant once you have used all 12 terms.

💡 Quick Tip: Even if you don’t think you qualify for financial aid, you should fill out the FAFSA form. Many schools require it for merit-based scholarships, too.

Pell Grant vs Other Types of Financial Aid

The Pell Grant is one of many different types of financial aid. Here’s a look at some other options available to undergraduates.

Other Federal Grants

In addition to the Pell Grant, the federal government offers several other nonrepayable aid options for students who qualify. These include:

•  Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG): A grant for undergraduate students who demonstrate exceptional financial need, FSEOG offers awards between $100 to $4,000 per year.

•  Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant: This grant provides up to $4,000 per year to students who agree to teach in high-need fields in low-income areas for at least four years after graduation.

State Grants and Institutional Aid

Many states and individual colleges offer their own grant and scholarship programs.

•  State Grants: A number of states have grant programs for residents attending in-state colleges. Eligibility may be based on financial need, academic merit, or a combination of both. You may automatically be considered for state grants when you complete the FAFSA, but some states require a separate application.

•  Institutional Aid: Colleges and universities award their own grants and scholarships, often referred to as institutional aid. This aid may be merit- or need-based. Some schools require a separate financial aid form, like the CSS Profile, in addition to the FAFSA to determine eligibility for institutional aid.

Federal Student Loans

Federal student loans are loans provided by the U.S. government to help students pay for college and must be repaid with interest. They are a key component of financial aid and typically offer more favorable terms compared to private student loans, such as lower fixed interest rates, income-driven repayment, and potential loan forgiveness programs.

Federal student loans can be subsidized or unsubsidized:

•  Subsidized Loans: These are available to eligible students who demonstrate financial need. With this type of federal loan, the government pays the interest while the student is in school at least half-time and for six months after graduation.

•  Unsubsidized Loans: These are available to eligible students regardless of financial need. Here, the borrower is responsible for paying all the interest, which accrues from the time the loan is first disbursed.

With either type of federal loan, you don’t need to start making payments until six months after you graduate or your enrollment drops below half-time.

Work-Study Jobs

The Federal Work-Study Program provides part-time jobs to students with financial need to help them earn money for education costs. Students typically work on-campus in jobs that often encourage community service or relate to their course of study. The program also emphasizes flexibility to help students balance work with academics. To be eligible, you must file the FAFSA and meet your school’s satisfactory academic progress (SAP) requirements.

When Financial Aid Is Not Enough

If your financial aid package, which may include grants, scholarships, and federal student loans, isn’t sufficient to cover your funding needs, here are some other options to explore.

Private Scholarships

There are thousands of scholarships available to help students pay for college. They may be awarded based on financial need, merit, or a combination of both. Like grants, scholarships usually don’t need to be repaid.

It can take some time to find — and apply — for the right scholarships, so it’s a good idea to start early. To find opportunities, reach out to your high school guidance office or college’s financial aid office. You can also use an online scholarship database to find programs that could be a good fit.

Private Student Loans

Private student loans are offered by banks, credit unions, and online lenders to help students pay for college expenses. Because they are not government-backed, the terms, interest rates, and repayment options are determined by the individual lender and are often based on the borrower’s (or their cosigner’s) credit score and history.

Private lenders typically allow you to borrow up to a college’s full cost of attendance, which gives you more borrowing power than with the federal government. However, these loans may have higher interest rates and don’t offer the same borrower protections that come with federal loans, such as income-driven repayment and forgiveness programs.

The Takeaway

A Pell Grant is an important form of federal financial aid for undergraduates with significant financial need. Pell Grants do not typically have to be repaid and the funds can be used for a wide variety of college expenses. The maximum award for the 2025-26 school year is $7,395.

Other funding options that can help you pay for college include other federal grants, state and institutional grants, federal student loans, scholarships, work-study programs, and private student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

What disqualifies you from getting a Pell Grant?

You may be disqualified from receiving a Pell Grant if you don’t demonstrate sufficient financial need, fail to maintain satisfactory academic progress, or already hold a bachelor’s, graduate, or professional degree. Other disqualifiers include defaulting on a federal student loan, owing a refund on a previous federal grant, or not being a U.S. citizen or eligible noncitizen.

Will you ever need to pay back a Pell Grant?

A Pell Grant generally does not need to be repaid. However, there are certain circumstances in which you may need to repay a portion of the grant. This could happen if you withdraw from school before completing the semester or term, you change your enrollment status from full-time to part-time, or your family’s household income increases.

Is there a minimum GPA required for a Pell Grant? Does it have to be maintained for your whole degree?

There is no minimum grade point average (GPA) for initial Pell Grant eligibility, which is determined by financial need through the FAFSA®. However, in order to maintain eligibility for a Pell Grant, you’ll need to make satisfactory academic progress (SAP) toward your degree. The specific requirements will be outlined by your school, but may include a minimum GPA.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Bank, N.A. and its lending products are not endorsed by or directly affiliated with any college or university unless otherwise disclosed.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOISL-Q425-024

The average cost of college tuition and fees for the 2025-2026 academic year is $11,950 at public colleges for in-state residents, $31,880 at public colleges for out-of-state residents, and a whopping $45,000 at private colleges. And the price tag for an undergraduate degree typically goes up every year. Any way you look at it, college is a huge expense for students and their families.

Many schools offer financial aid to make college more affordable. But sometimes your initial financial aid offer — which may include grants, scholarships, loans, and work-study — just isn’t enough to cover the cost. And your family may not be in a position to help you make up the difference. What do you do if you can’t afford college, even with financial aid?

Take heart: There are many options out there to help you pay for higher education. Navigating them can be a challenge, though, especially if you haven’t had to manage major financial responsibilities until now. The key is doing the research and giving yourself enough time to take advantage of all the opportunities available to you.

What follows are a few ideas on how you could get more money for school.

Apply for Scholarships and Grants

There’s a lot of “free money” for college out there in the form of scholarships and grants. Your Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) will automatically match you with any federal financial aid programs you qualify for. The form is also used by many states and colleges to determine eligibility for their own aid. In addition, there are numerous scholarships available from private organizations that you can seek out and apply for separately.

You might start your search by asking your high school guidance office and the admissions or financial aid department at the school you plan to attend about college scholarships opportunities you may be eligible for. These might be need-based, merit-based, or a combination of both.

You can also do your own online research. A search engine like FastWeb or FinAid can help you hunt down scholarships that are a good fit. SoFi also offers a Scholarship Search Tool, as well as a state-based search tool.

To uncover more obscure scholarships, you may want to reach out directly to companies and organizations you have some connection to. This might include:

•   Family members’ employers and associations

•   Community service groups with whom you’ve volunteered

•   Identity/heritage groups

•   Religious communities you’re involved with

•   Special-interest groups, such as the Starfleet scholarship offered by the Star Trek Fan Association (there are many niche scholarships like this)

Once you’ve identified relevant scholarships, you’ll need to carefully put together your application materials. Typically, you need to include a transcript, personal statement, and personal references. You may want to have a teacher, parent, or guidance counselor read over your materials and give you feedback.

Though time-consuming, this project can be well worth the effort. It’s remarkable how a bunch of smaller scholarships or grants can add up and help make college more affordable.

💡 Quick Tip: You’ll make no payments on some private student loans for six months after graduation.

How to Request More Financial Aid

You might consider appealing your financial aid award if there has been a change in your financial circumstances or if you believe the information on your FAFSA form does not accurately represent your ability to pay for college.

College financial aid office websites often provide information about what steps to take if you’ve had a change in financial circumstances since completing your aid application. In addition, financial aid staff are often available to provide you with guidance and discuss options if your financial aid awards or offers aren’t enough to cover your college expenses.

This appeal process will likely require you to submit additional documentation to your school’s financial aid office. If warranted, the financial aid office can then recalculate your eligibility, possibly resulting in a change to your financial aid offer.

Get a Work-Study Job

Another way to help pay for college is to work while you’re in school. Federal student aid packages may include a job through the Federal Work-Study program, which aims to fund part-time jobs that are (ideally) in the public interest or related to your field of study. Federal work-study is awarded based on financial need, so it may not be part of every student aid package.

These jobs may be on or off campus, at a nonprofit organization or government agency, or simply within your university. Some schools also set up work-study jobs with for-profit employers that may be relevant to what you’re studying. These jobs pay at least minimum wage, but sometimes more, depending on the position.

With a work-study job, your school typically pays you by the hour, at least once a month. The number of hours you can work is limited and set by your school. To get the full low-down, ask your school’s financial aid office whether they participate in the Federal Work-Study program, how many hours you qualify for, and what job opportunities exist.

Note that qualifying for work-study doesn’t automatically guarantee you a job. You may still need to find one and apply for it. These opportunities are often limited, so it’s a good idea to start gathering information early if you decide to go this route.

Recommended: Guide to Saving Money in College

Find A Part-Time Job

Another option is to look for a part-time job on your own. Your college might have internal job boards that list on-campus jobs for students or jobs that alumni have posted. Because you’re in the same network (either at your school or via alumni), you might have a leg up on outside applicants.

If you don’t find the right fit, be proactive by asking your professors, academic departments, family friends, and establishments around town whether they are looking for help. And of course, check external job sites for part-time opportunities.

Some part-time jobs, like research assistant or tutor, can help build your resume. But don’t discount flexible gigs outside your field of study that just pay well, such as waiting tables or walking dogs. If you play your cards right, your part-time job can more than make up for a financial aid shortfall.

Take Out Additional Federal Student Loans

If you still need more funds to fill the tuition gap, taking out additional student loans may still be an option. It’s likely that if you filled out the FAFSA and received a federal financial aid package, you may have already been awarded federal student loans.

Federal loans offer fixed interest rates and more flexible repayment terms than most private lenders. In most cases, student loans from the federal government don’t require a credit check or a cosigner, which can be especially helpful if you haven’t had time to build up a credit history.

As an undergraduate, you can take out two different types of loans under the Federal Direct Loan program. One of these is a Direct Subsidized Loan, which is awarded based on financial need. If you qualify for this loan, you will not be responsible for the interest that accrues while you’re in school and for six months after you graduate.

You can also take out a Direct Unsubsidized Loan, which does not depend on financial need. Interest on this loan will accrue while you’re in school and during the six-month grace period, though you will not be responsible for paying that interest until your repayment period begins. And you don’t have to start repaying subsidized or unsubsidized federal loans until you graduate or drop below half-time enrollment (and after the six-month grace period).

Currently, you can take out anywhere from $5,500 to $12,500 per year in federal loans as an undergraduate, depending on your dependency status and your year in school.

A parent can also take out a Direct PLUS Loan from the federal government to help you pay for school. For the 2025-2026 academic year, parents can borrow as much as your total cost of attendance minus any financial aid you’ve gotten. Starting in the 2026-2027 academic year, Parent PLUS loans will be capped at $20,000 annually.

In order to qualify for a Direct PLUS Loan as a parent of a dependent undergrad, they will have to go through a credit check and must not have a problematic credit history. If parents request a deferment, they don’t necessarily have to start repaying their loans until six months after their child graduates or drops below part-time enrollment.

💡 Quick Tip: Parents and sponsors with strong credit and income may find much lower rates on no-fee private parent student loans than federal parent PLUS loans. Federal PLUS loans also come with an origination fee.

Apply for Private Student Loans

If you weren’t able to get enough in federal aid, including federal loans, you may be able to borrow additional loans through a private lender (such as a bank, credit union, or online lender) to cover the balance.

Private student loans typically come with higher interest rates than federal student loans and don’t offer the same borrower protections (like income-driven repayment). However, they come with higher borrowing limits. Typically, you can borrow up to the total cost of attendance, minus any financial aid received, every year, giving you more flexibility to get the funding you need.

Loans amounts, rates, and repayment terms vary by lender, so it’s a good idea to shop around to find the best options. As you compare lenders, keep in mind that a fixed interest rate will stay the same for the life of a loan, while a variable rate can change over time as market interest rates change.

Private student loan lenders often have a minimum credit score requirement to qualify, so you might need a cosigner to get approved for funding.

Ask Your School About Payment Plans

“If the cost of college tuition is a concern, it could be worth looking into tuition payment plans,” says Brian Walsh, CFP® and Head of Advice & Planning at SoFi. “ These plans are offered by some colleges and could help make tuition payments more manageable for students and parents.” For example, you may be able to pay monthly without being charged late fees or getting dropped from your classes.

While a tuition payment plan may not reduce your expenses, it could at least make them easier to manage. You can find out about payment plans by contacting your school’s billing office (it may also be referred to as the bursar’s office, cashier’s office, or student accounts office).

Consider More Affordable Options

If you don’t qualify for financial aid, or your financial aid is not enough, you might try to reduce your costs by choosing a less expensive school. The average in-state cost of a public college is nearly 75% less than the average sticker price at a private college, according to data from U.S. News. There are even some schools that offer free tuition.

You can also reduce the cost of a bachelor’s degree by starting out at a community college, then transferring to your desired four-year school. A community college, particularly a public one, may offer a significantly lower sticker price. However, you’ll want to make sure that your prospective college will allow the credits to transfer.

If you have your eye on a specific career, you might also consider going to a trade or technical college. Technical schools provide industry-specific classes that prepare students for a particular career or trade. Programs can take anywhere from less than two years to up to four years, after which you earn a certificate, diploma, or associate degree. The cost of tuition at a technical school is usually significantly less than a college or university — often as little as $5,000 per year.

The Takeaway

Just because you didn’t get enough financial aid doesn’t mean you can’t afford to attend college. By applying for grants and scholarships, taking on a part-time job, appealing your aid award, and applying for loans, you may be able to find a path to achieving your dreams.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

How can I increase my financial aid for college?

You may be able to increase your financial aid by appealing your award. You can contact the school’s financial aid office to find out how its appeals process works. Your appeal is most likely to be successful if there was an error on your aid application, your family’s circumstances have changed since you first applied, or you have a competing offer from another school that you can ask your dream school to match.

You may also be able to get more aid for college by searching — and applying — for private scholarships. There are numerous private scholarships and fellowships available, often funded by foundations, corporations, and other independent organizations.

What income gets the most financial aid?

The amount of financial aid you receive is primarily based on your financial need as calculated by the FAFSA^® and your school. Generally, students from lower-income families who demonstrate greater financial need are eligible for the most need-based financial aid, such as the Pell Grant and Direct Subsidized Loans. However, merit-based aid, which is not dependent on income, can be awarded to students from any income level based on academic achievement, talents, or other criteria. Ultimately, there is no specific income that guarantees the “most” aid; it is a combination of financial need and merit-based eligibility.

What GPA does FAFSA require?

The FAFSA^® itself does not have a GPA requirement. However, to remain eligible for federal student aid once you are enrolled in college, you must meet the satisfactory academic progress (SAP) standards set by your school. These standards typically include maintaining a minimum GPA, usually a C average (2.0 on a 4.0 scale), and successfully completing a certain percentage of the courses you attempt.

If you fail to meet SAP, your school may put you on academic probation, and if you don’t improve, you could lose your eligibility for federal financial aid. Check your college’s specific SAP policy for details.

Is there a limit to how much FAFSA you can get?

Yes, there are limits on how much federal student aid you can receive through FAFSA^®, both annually and in total, depending on the type of aid (grants or loans) and your status as an undergraduate or graduate student. For example, annual loan limits for undergraduates range from $5,500 to $12,500, depending on their year in school and dependency status, while the maximum annual Federal Pell Grant award is $7,395.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Bank, N.A. and its lending products are not endorsed by or directly affiliated with any college or university unless otherwise disclosed.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOISL-Q425-019

College credit hours are the academic units that measure your progress toward a degree. They determine your enrollment status, impact federal financial aid eligibility, and define the requirements for degrees like a bachelor’s or master’s. If you’re applying to college or you’re already enrolled, it’s important to understand how credit hours work. What follows is an essential guide to credit hours, from how they work to what they mean for your tuition bill, GPA, and graduation timeline.

What Is a Credit Hour?

A college credit hour is a unit that represents the amount of work for a course, typically based on time spent in class and doing homework. It is a key metric used to determine a student’s progress toward a degree, define full-time vs part-time status, and calculate tuition costs and financial aid eligibility.

💡 Quick Tip: Pay down your student loans faster with SoFi reward points you earn along the way.

One Credit Hour Is Equal to How Many Hours?

According to federal guidelines, one credit hour is roughly equal to one hour of classroom or direct faculty instruction and at least two hours of out-of-class student work per week. That means you can expect to spend about three hours in the classroom and roughly six hours working independently each week for the average three-credit course.

Impact of Credit Hours on Tuition and Financial Aid

The number of credits you take not only impacts your total workload but also influences the cost of your tuition. For example, full-time students (defined as taking 12 or more credit hours) typically pay a flat tuition fee per semester, whereas part-time students (taking fewer than 12 credit hours) often pay on a per-credit basis.

Credit hours also significantly impact financial aid, as your enrollment status (i.e., full-time vs part-time) determines eligibility and the amount of aid you receive. Dropping below 12 credit hours, for example, can reduce a student’s Pell Grant award amount. And students who want to take out a federal student loan need to be enrolled in college at least half-time (six credit hours or more).

How Many Hours of Study Time per Credit Hour Online?

Online college courses typically require the same amount of time as in-person classes. For each credit you take, you can expect to spend around one hour of online class time, plus at least two hours studying and doing homework. So for a three-credit online class, you’ll want to make sure you have at least nine hours per week you can devote to taking the course. That includes three hours of online instruction and six hours of independent work.

Recommended: Do College Credits Expire?

How Many Credit Hours Does a Course Have?

College courses can range between one and five credits, but are typically three or four. Most common courses, like history or literature, are three credit hours, meeting for approximately three hours per week. Language classes, which may rely on an immersion technique and therefore meet more often, can be worth four or five credits. A science lab, often taken in conjunction with a science lecture, may only meet once a week, making it worth one credit.

Credit Hour Calculator

To estimate the total amount of time you’ll spend on classes in a semester, add up the credits you’re taking, multiply that number by three hours (or more, depending on your university’s guidelines), then multiply that total by the number of weeks in a semester.

Below is an example credit hour calculator chart to determine total hours spent on one or more credits.

How Many Credit Hours Do You Need to Graduate?

The exact number of credit hours you need to graduate varies by institution, degree type, and specific program. Below are some general guidelines.

Bachelor’s Degree Credit Hours

Bachelor’s degrees are generally 120 credits minimum and take four years to complete. Schools that operate on a quarterly basis (four terms a year), usually require 180 credits to graduate.

Students enrolled in a bachelor’s program are generally required to complete core curriculum and various credit hour types: general education, major/minor, and elective credits.

General education courses are required courses for undergraduate students that provide knowledge and skills outside of their major. They often cover foundational subjects such math, literature, and sciences. However, the core curriculum might vary by major. For instance, a student majoring in marketing might take intro economics courses, whereas an architect student may take intro art history courses.

Major or minor credit hours are classes related to a student’s field of study. They are often categorized into lower- and upper-division credits. Students must typically complete lower-division courses in order to enroll in upper level courses. Internships may also be mandatory and are converted into credits (generally up to six).

Finally, bachelor’s programs require elective credits — courses unrelated to a student’s major and general requirements. Students sign up for courses out of interest or to complement their major.

Recommended: What Is the Difference Between B.A. and B.S. Degrees?

Master’s Degree Credit Hours

A master’s degree can range from 30 to 60 credits. Students typically need to complete a thesis or project at the end of the program. If you’re enrolled full-time in a 30-credit master’s program, you might only need one year to complete your degree. However, a 60-credit program typically takes two years of full-time attendance to complete.

How Do Semester Credit Hours Influence GPA?

Semester credit hours influence your grade point average (GPA) by acting as a weight; a higher number of credit hours means a course has a greater impact on your overall GPA. This is because each course’s contribution is calculated by multiplying its grade points by its credit hours.

Grade points work as follows: A = 4, B = 3, C = 2, and D = 1. The grade point is multiplied by the number of credit hours to give you your quality points. Your final GPA is the total number of quality points earned divided by the total credit hours taken.

For example, if you score an A in your three-credit chemistry class, it has more impact on your GPA than the A in your one-credit photography class. Below is an example of how grades and credit hours impact GPA.

The chart above illustrates that if you score all As in your three-credit courses, but all Bs in your one-credit courses, you still walk away with a 3.75 GPA.

By contrast, if all of your one-credit courses are As and all of your three-credit courses are Bs, you end up with a lower GPA, as illustrated in the chart below.

What Is the Cost per Credit Hour?

At public universities, the average college credit costs $406 for in-state students, or about $1,218 per three-credit class, according to the Education Data Initiative. The average private four-year university charges $1,469 per credit hour, or $4,406 per three-credit course. These averages don’t represent the full cost of attendance (COA), however, since they don’t include room and board, books, and daily living expenses.

💡 Quick Tip: Even if you don’t think you qualify for financial aid, you should fill out the FAFSA form. Many schools require it for merit-based scholarships, too.

The Takeaway

Earning a degree means accumulating a certain number of college credit hours, which represent the amount of instructional and study time required for each course. Understanding how credit hours work can help you plan your academic workload, estimate tuition costs, and track your progress toward graduation.

Whether you’re pursuing an associate, bachelor’s, or master’s degree, being aware of credit hour requirements and their impact on your academic standing and financial aid is crucial for a successful college journey.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

How many hours is one credit hour?

According to federal guidelines, one credit hour is roughly equal to one hour of classroom or direct faculty instruction and at least two hours of out-of-class student work per week. That means you can expect to spend about three hours in the classroom and roughly six hours working independently each week for the average three-credit course.

What does three credit hours mean?

Three credit hours typically mean that a course requires approximately three hours of in-class instruction or direct faculty interaction per week, along with at least six hours of out-of-class work (studying, homework, projects) each week. This is a common structure for many standard college courses.

How many credit hours do you need?

The number of credit hours you need depends on the type of degree you’re pursuing. For a bachelor’s degree, you typically need a minimum of 120 credits. Master’s degrees usually range from 30 to 60 credits.

Photo credit: iStock/asbe

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Bank, N.A. and its lending products are not endorsed by or directly affiliated with any college or university unless otherwise disclosed.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

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Whether you’re attending college for the first time or returning to finish your degree, you may have the opportunity to choose online vs. in-person classes. Though online college has been a niche offering in higher education for over a decade, it has grown rapidly in popularity as technology advances and more students seek flexible learning options. Today, many institutions offer fully online or hybrid programs to meet the demand for remote learning.

Online school offers benefits like flexibility and convenience. On the other hand, online learning can make it difficult for students to connect with their peers. It can also make it harder to grasp concepts that require more hands-on learning. What follows is a closer look at the pros and cons of online school.

What is Online School?

Online school is a format of education where classes are conducted virtually. Some colleges are designed specifically for online learning. Other colleges and universities may offer both in-person and remote learning options for students. Depending on the program, classes may be offered synchronously, where students attend via an online forum at a specific time; asynchronously, where lectures are recorded and can be viewed at a student’s leisure; or a hybrid model of the two.

While detractors of online learning argue that it can’t fully replicate the in-person learning experience, there are several key advantages, including convenience and cost.

💡 Quick Tip: Fund your education with a low-rate, no-fee SoFi private student loan that covers all school-certified costs.

Pros of Online School

Online learning offers a variety of benefits that make it appealing to students with different needs, goals, and lifestyle. Here are some advantages to consider.

Cost May Be Lower

In many cases, online programs are more affordable than traditional in-person options. Because schools don’t need to maintain classroom space and physical campus resources for online students, tuition is often lower. In addition, students can save money on commuting, housing, and campus-related expenses like parking or meal plans.

That said, not all online degree programs are cheaper, especially at universities that prices online and in-person tuition the same. To get the best value, it’s worth looking at schools that specialize in online learning, as they typically build their pricing structure around remote education and pass those savings on to students.

Recommended: How to Pay For Online College

More Convenient

A huge benefit to online school is flexibility. Many programs are designed for students balancing school, work, and family responsibilities. Asynchronous classes allow learners to complete coursework on their schedule rather than attend lectures at fixed times.

That said, the time commitment required to succeed shouldn’t be underestimated — there will be deadlines, exams, and assignments to manage.

Self-Directed Course of Study

Online courses often give students more control over their learning experience. This independence can be empowering, allowing students to move at their own pace and tailor their schedules. However, this may mean you need to be more proactive about scheduling office hours with professors, blocking out time to study, and making sure that assignments are turned in on time.

Broader Access to Programs

One of the most appealing advantages of online learning is the ability to attend schools or programs located anywhere in the country – or even internationally — without having to relocate. This opens up far more educational options, allowing students to find the best program for their goals rather than being limited by geography.

Improved Technology Skills

Because online students use digital tools to attend lectures, collaborate, and submit assignments, they naturally build stronger technology skills and learn how to communicate effectively in remote environments. These abilities can be valuable in today’s increasingly digital workplace and may give graduates a competitive edge in the job market.

Cons of Online School

While some people thrive in an online environment, others may prefer to have in-person interaction. Here’s a look at some of the disadvantages of online school.

Limited Hands-On Experience

Bachelor’s degree programs with lab or clinical components can be difficult to replicate online. Some degrees offer virtual simulations, while others require in-person work. It’s a good idea to find out whether your desired degree can be completed fully online and to talk to current students in the program about their experiences.

Lack of Community

Some people find it challenging to make friends and connect with classmates in an online environment. Virtual discussions and group projects may feel less engaging than in-person interactions, which can lead to feelings of isolation.

Harder to Connect with Professors

Some professors maximize online interaction, while some may be harder to pin down and connect with. Heading to office hours, even if they are virtual, can help you build a connection and get to know the professor.

Limited Access to On-Campus Resources

If your online program is affiliated with a physical campus, there may still be valuable career services, tutoring, or networking opportunities available. However, access can vary. Be sure to check what resources are offered to online students before enrolling.

Requires Strong Self-Discipline

One of the biggest challenges of online school is staying motivated without the structure of a physical classroom. Students must manage their time effectively, avoid distractions, and hold themselves accountable — skills that not everyone naturally possesses.

Recommended: Can You Get Student Loans for Community College?

Additional Considerations for Online School

Being able to pursue higher education remotely can open up possibilities for many individuals. But it can be a good idea to consider how online school will mesh with your life. Here are some tips that can help you find your best fit.

Talk With Other Students

It can be helpful to speak with current students who are in a similar position as you. Talking with a student who is also juggling family or a career can help you see how the process plays out in real life.

Sit in on a Lecture

Will the program allow you to virtually sit in on the lecture or see some course materials? Doing so can help you see what online classes are really like.

Take an Online Course First

In some cases, online school can be an expensive undertaking. Prior to applying to an official degree program, consider signing up for a single course, either for fun or for credit hours. Taking a virtual course without the pressure of a degree can help you take stock of the pros and cons for yourself, and assess whether or not online learning is right for you.

Consider How You’ll Cover the Cost

If you’re working while studying, your employer might help pay for your education, especially if the program relates to your job.

You can also apply for financial aid (including scholarships, grants, and federal student loans) through the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®).

If you still have gaps in funding, you might explore using private student loans. These are available through banks, credit unions, and online lenders. Loan limits vary from lender to lender, but you can often get up to the total cost of attendance, which gives you more borrowing power than with the federal government. Interest rates vary depending on the lender. Generally, borrowers (or cosigners) who have strong credit qualify for the lowest rates.

Just keep in mind that private loans may not offer the borrower protections — like income-driven repayment or forbearance — that automatically come with federal student loans.

💡 Quick Tip: It’s a good idea to understand the pros and cons of private student loans and federal student loans before committing to them.

The Takeaway

Whether you choose online or in-person learning, pursuing a degree is a major decision. Weigh the pros and cons carefully — from flexibility and cost to motivation and interaction — to determine what type of program best suits your lifestyle and goals.

Talking with students and faculty, researching programs, and trying a course or two online can help you determine whether virtual learning is the right fit for your academic and professional future.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

What are the advantages and disadvantages of online education?

Online education offers several advantages, including increased flexibility and convenience, often lower costs, and broader access to diverse programs. However, it also has disadvantages, such as limited hands-on experience for certain subjects, potential lack of community and connection with peers and professors, and a greater need for strong self-discipline.

What is the biggest problem with online school?

The biggest challenge with online school is often the need for strong self-discipline and motivation. Without the traditional structure of a physical classroom and in-person interaction, students must be proactive in managing their time, staying organized, avoiding distractions, and holding themselves accountable for coursework and deadlines. This can be particularly difficult for individuals who thrive on external structure and immediate social interaction.

Is online school good or bad?

Online school can be both good and bad, depending on a student’s learning style and discipline. It can be beneficial for self-motivated learners who value flexibility, convenience, and access to diverse resources. However, it can be challenging for students who thrive on structure, in-person support, and social interaction. Success in online education largely depends on time management, motivation, and digital literacy. While it’s not ideal for everyone, it provides valuable opportunities when used effectively and responsibly.

Photo credit: iStock/insta_photos

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Bank, N.A. and its lending products are not endorsed by or directly affiliated with any college or university unless otherwise disclosed.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

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