What Is IntraFi Network Deposits?

What Is IntraFi Network Deposits?

IntraFi Network Deposits is a banking network that allows customers to deposit more than $250,000 and have the funds be FDIC-insured. The FDIC (or Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) offers $250,000 of deposit insurance for most bank customers in the event that the bank fails. This applies per depositor, per institution, per ownership category.

While this may be more than enough for many people, individuals with very high net worths or businesses may have the need for additional FDIC insurance on larger sums. For those in that situation, there are an array of strategies to get the insurance coverage needed for peace of mind.

One option is to use IntraFi Network Deposits. This allows you to work with one bank which facilitates your money being spread between multiple institutions to make sure that you remain under the FDIC limit. Here, learn more about this process by diving into:

•   How does IntraFi Work?

•   What steps do you take to use IntraFi?

•   What are alternatives to IntraFi?

How Does IntraFi Work?

IntraFi Network Deposits (previously known as CDARS or ICS) is a network that links many of the largest banks and financial institutions in a shared network. If you have more than $250,000 in savings accounts or certificates of deposit in an investment plan, you might want to consider using the IntraFi network. It can help you bank your money while maintaining FDIC insurance.

You create an account with one custodial bank in the network. Think of that bank as managing your relationship with others, because they spread your total deposit amount out over multiple different financial institutions.

Your funds are split up into multiple accounts of $250,000 or less, each fully FDIC-insured, at various institutions, with IntraFi Network acting as your hub. This can be a valuable solution for high net-worth individuals as well as businesses.

Think about the big picture: Most investors want to make sure that they are investing in safe accounts; ones that are unlikely to lose value. There are, of course, various ways to accomplish this. Security is one reason you might look at how CDs compare to bonds, for example. IntraFi Network Deposits is an avenue for those who appreciate a consolidated approach to investing large sums of money and enjoying FDIC insurance.

FDIC Limits

The FDIC is an independent agency of the United States government, tasked with insuring bank depositors against a bank failure. FDIC deposit insurance guarantees that money up to $250,000 per depositor.

If you have more than that to invest, you might consider spreading out your money to different institutions. This will help make sure that all of your money is protected. You can also look into another option: Some banks participate in programs that extend the FDIC insurance to cover millions1.

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Using IntraFi Deposits

IntraFi Network Deposits can be thought of as your one-stop shop for dividing your money into separate, fully insured accounts. Read on to learn how exactly this organization functions to help make this process easier for you.

Participating Banks

The first thing that you will want to do to use IntraFi Deposits is to find a participating bank. Most of the largest banks in the country belong to the IntraFi network, including 84% of the largest banks in the country. You shouldn’t have a problem finding a network bank that will fit your needs. Check with your current bank or other ones in your area, if you like, or use a search engine to locate one. Found one you are ready to bank with? This is called your custodial bank.

Deposit Funds

Once you’ve found a participating bank, the next step is to complete the required paperwork and then deposit funds (say, by transferring money from another bank account). Even though your funds will be spread throughout several different financial institutions, you will always work directly with your custodial bank. You will deposit funds through that one bank, and they will set the interest rate that you’ll earn on all your funds across the network.

Your custodial bank will be responsible for separating your money into FDIC-insured accounts, each of $250,000 or less, and managing them.

Track Your Funds

Your custodial bank is responsible for verifying your identity, accepting your deposits, and handling all communication with you. How certificates of deposit work with IntraFi is similar to how it would work if you only had an account with one bank. You will receive regular statements from your custodial bank, just as if you had an account directly and only with them.

If you have questions about which financial institutions your money is invested in, you can track that information through your custodial bank and the bank statements they issue.

Is IntraFi Safe?

Savvy investors are concerned with which investments have the lowest level of risk. While no investment is 100% safe in all situations, the IntraFi Network has been tested with billions of dollars over its lifetime. In addition, it has been endorsed by the American Bankers Association.

How Much Does the IntraFi Service Cost?

IntraFi Network Deposits does not charge a fee directly to consumers who take advantage of the service. You will choose a product and a rate directly with the custodial bank that you elect to sign up with. That rate and product will determine your total return on investment (ROI).

How Many Banks Participate in the IntraFi Network?

Nearly all of the biggest banks in the United States participate in the IntraFi network. The IntraFi network includes more than 3,000 financial institutions, representing around 50% of the total banks in the country. Of the banks in the network, 95% are community banks, and 66% of minority-owned banks are members. This means it should be fairly simple to find a participating bank that works for you.

Alternatives to IntraFi Network Deposits

Of course, there’s the possibility that IntraFi Network Deposits doesn’t align perfectly with your needs and goals. If you have more than $250,000 in funds that you want to deposit so it’s FDIC-insured, there are other options to consider, listed here.

Open an account with a bank that offers higher insurance limits

As briefly noted above, some banks participate in programs that extend coverage to millions. This can be a convenient option for some individuals.

Open accounts with multiple banks

One alternative to using the IntraFi Network Deposits program is to just open accounts with multiple banks yourself. You would just need to keep the total amount at less than $250,000 per ownership category, per institution.

While this does give you more control, it also increases potential headaches as you try to track all of your money manually. Another possible negative is that you may not be able to get the highest rates with every financial institution. Deciding how many bank accounts to have is a personal decision, depending on your money style and your goals.

Open different types of accounts

FDIC insurance covers up to $250,000 per depositor, per FDIC-insured bank, per ownership category. One way to enjoy that FDIC coverage when you have more than $250,000 to deposit is by opening up different categories of accounts. There are a number of different types of account ownership categories, including such options as:

•   Single accounts

•   Joint accounts

•   Revocable trust accounts

•   Irrevocable trust accounts

•   Certain retirement accounts

•   Employee benefit plan accounts

Check with your financial institution to see if this might work for you as an IntraFi alternative.

Accept the risk of bank failure

You do also have the option to keep all of your money in one bank account, even above the $250,000 FDIC limit. This can involve taking on a substantial risk however. If that bank fails, you may lose any money held by the bank above the FDIC limit. This really boils down to a matter of your personal comfort level.

The Takeaway

If you have more than $250,000 in funds that you want to invest in a savings, money market, or certificate of deposit account, you may want to spread your money out to make sure that it is all FDIC-insured. FDIC insurance will cover $250,000, but beyond that, you may well need a solution. One way to do this is through the IntraFi Network Deposits program, which will divide your money into separate accounts that are fully insured. They can simplify this money management process for you and help you enjoy more peace of mind.

If you are looking for a bank that is a member of the IntraFi Network, SoFi can help. What’s more, SoFi recently announced that deposits may be insured up to $2 million through participation in the SoFi Insured Deposit Program. But even if you have much less money to stash, online banking with SoFi can also be a great choice. When you set up our Checking and Savings with direct deposit, you’ll enjoy a competitive APY and you’ll pay no account fees.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall. Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

Are IntraFi accounts safe?

While no investment can be guaranteed as 100% safe in all situations, the IntraFi Network Deposits program has been tested with thousands of depositors and billions of dollars over the years.

How do you use IntraFi?

Whether you are creating an investment plan for a child or want to invest a large amount of money for another reason, using IntraFi is very straightforward. First, find a participating bank and complete the required paperwork. Then, you will make your deposits, and your funds will be placed into CDs or deposit accounts with other banks in the network. Your custodial bank will send you periodic statements with the details of your activity.

What is the interest rate for IntraFi?

IntraFi does not set the interest rate on deposits. Instead, it is your custodial bank that sets the interest rate for the total amount deposited. Whether you have a no penalty certificate of deposit or any other type of account, the interest rate will be up to your custodial bank. You will also receive your statements and other correspondence from the bank where you made your initial deposits.


Photo credit: iStock/fizkes

1SoFi Bank is a member FDIC and does not provide more than $250,000 of FDIC insurance per legal category of account ownership, as described in the FDIC’s regulations. Any additional FDIC insurance is provided by banks in the SoFi Insured Deposit Program. Deposits may be insured up to $2M through participation in the program. See full terms at SoFi.com/banking/fdic/terms. See list of participating banks at SoFi.com/banking/fdic/receivingbanks.

SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.


SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2023 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Tax-Friendly States That Don't Tax Pensions or Social Security Income

Tax-Friendly States That Don’t Tax Pensions or Social Security Income

There are a grand total of seven states that don’t tax retirement income, and that’s because those states don’t tax income at all. This can be important for seniors to know, as holding onto as much retirement income as possible can be important — whether it’s coming from pensions, Social Security, a 401(k), or elsewhere.

Equally important to know: As of 2023, there are 14 states that don’t tax pensions, and 37 states that don’t tax Social Security benefits. Paying less in taxes can lower the strain on a retiree’s budget and help their money last longer. That becomes especially important when and if inflation shrinks purchasing power — as it has in recent years.

How Much Can State Taxes Take Out of Retirement Income?

Each state taxes income, including retirement income, differently. So, there are different states that don’t tax pensions, and then there are states that don’t tax Social Security, etc.

Accordingly, how much of a bite state taxes take out of retirement income can depend on several factors, including the applicable tax rate where you live, and your specific tax brackets.

Taxes can be an important consideration when choosing where to retire, and when to retire.

Understanding State Income Tax

As of 2023, 43 states tax individual income. Of those, 41 states levy taxes on wage and salary income, while seven states do not assess individual income tax. The state of New Hampshire exclusively taxes dividend and interest income, while Washington taxes capital gains for certain high-income individuals.

In some states, the same tax rate applies to all taxable income. Other states use a graduated tax system with individual tax brackets, similar to the way the federal tax system works.

California has the highest marginal tax rate, at 13.30%. Other states with double-digit tax rates include Hawaii (11%), New York (10.90%), New Jersey (10.75%), and Washington, D.C. (10.75%). Aside from the states that have no income tax, the lowest marginal tax rate belongs to North Dakota, which has an income tax rate of 2.90%.

Further, if you were to look at the average retirement savings by state, it may help provide some more insight into where many retirees live — and why.

💡 Learn more about income tax and how it works.

14 States That Don’t Tax Pensions

Altogether, there are 14 states that don’t tax federal or private pension plans. Some of these are states that have no income tax at all; others have provisions in state law that make them states with no pension tax. Here are which states don’t tax pensions:

State

Pension Tax Policy

Alabama Pension income excluded from state income tax
Alaska No state income tax
Florida No state income tax
Hawaii Pension income excluded from state tax
Illinois Pension income excluded from state tax
Mississippi Pension income excluded from state tax
Nevada No state income tax
New Hampshire Only taxes interest and dividend income
Pennsylvania Pension income excluded from state tax
South Dakota No state income tax
Tennessee No state income tax
Texas No state income tax
Washington Only taxes capital gains for high income earners
Wyoming No state income tax

Keep in mind that state or local government employee pension benefits may be treated differently. New York, for example, specifically excludes pension benefits paid by state or local government agencies from state income tax. If you move to another state, however, that state could tax your New York pension benefits.

37 States That Don’t Tax Social Security

Understandably, many people have questions about Social Security, including whether the program will remain solvent in the future. Another big one: How will taxes affect your benefit amount? That’s why it’s important to know which states don’t tax Social Security.

The good news is that 37 states and the District of Columbia do not tax Social Security benefits. So if you’ve chosen to retire, or at least are thinking about choosing a retirement date (which can affect your total Social Security payouts), you don’t need to worry about it. Similar to the states that don’t tax pensions, these states either have no income tax at all, offer exemptions, or have elected to exclude Social Security benefits from taxable income calculations.

State

Social Security Tax Policy

State

Social Security Tax Policy

Alabama Not included in income tax calculations Nevada No state income tax
Alaska No state income tax New Hampshire Only taxes interest and dividend income
Arizona Not included in income tax calculations New Jersey Not included in income tax calculations
Arkansas Not included in income tax calculations New York Not included in income tax calculations
California Not included in income tax calculations North Carolina Not included in income tax calculations
Delaware Not included in income tax calculations North Dakota Exempt from taxation
Florida No state income tax Ohio Not included in income tax calculations
Georgia Not included in income tax calculations Oklahoma Not included in income tax calculations
Hawaii Not included in income tax calculations Oregon Not included in income tax calculations
Idaho Not included in income tax calculations Pennsylvania Not included in income tax calculations
Illinois Not included in income tax calculations South Carolina Not included in income tax calculations
Indiana Not included in income tax calculations South Dakota No state income tax
Iowa Not included in income tax calculations Tennessee No state income tax
Kentucky Not included in income tax calculations Texas No state income tax
Louisiana Not included in income tax calculations Virginia Not included in income tax calculations
Maine Not included in income tax calculations Washington Only taxes capital gains for high-income earners
Maryland Not included in income tax calculations Washington, D.C. Not included in income tax calculations
Massachusetts Not included in income tax calculations Wisconsin Not included in income tax calculations
Mississippi Not included in income tax calculations Wyoming No state income tax

Montana and New Mexico do tax Social Security benefits, but with modifications and exceptions. Montana will also see a change to its tax rate structure in 2024, and Social Security benefits will be taxed the same as they are at the federal tax level.

8 States That Don’t Tax Capital Gains

Federal capital gains tax applies when an investment or asset is sold for more than its original purchase price. The short-term capital gains tax rate applies to investments held for less than one year. Investments held for longer than one year are subject to the long-term capital gains tax.

States can also tax capital gains, though not all of them do. The states that do not tax capital gains are the same states that do not have income tax or have special tax rules on which income is taxable. They include:

•   Alaska

•   Florida

•   Nevada

•   New Hampshire

•   South Dakota

•   Tennessee

•   Texas

•   Wyoming

As far as how much capital gains are taxed at the state level, the tax rate you’ll pay will depend on where you live. Some states offer more favorable tax treatment than others for capital gains.

12 States That Don’t Tax 401(k), TSP, or IRA Income

Yet another potential area where states can generate tax revenue is by taxing retirement accounts such as 401(k) plans, individual retirement accounts (IRAs), and Thrift Savings Plans (TSPs). In all, there are 12 states that don’t levy taxes on retirement income derived from these sources:

•   Alaska

•   Florida

•   Illinois

•   Mississippi

•   New Hampshire

•   Nevada

•   New Hampshire

•   Pennsylvania

•   South Dakota

•   Tennessee

•   Texas

•   Wyoming

31 States That Don’t Tax Retirement Income From the Military

There are certain states that tax military retirement income, but most do not. In all, 31 states don’t tax military retirement income, including those that don’t have income taxes, and others that have specifically carved out exceptions for military retirement income.

•   Alabama

•   Alaska

•   Arizona

•   Arkansas

•   Connecticut

•   Florida

•   Hawaii

•   Illinois

•   Iowa

•   Kansas

•   Louisiana

•   Maine

•   Massachusetts

•   Michigan

•   Minnesota

•   Mississippi

•   Missouri

•   Nevada

•   New Hampshire

•   New Jersey

•   New York

•   North Dakota

•   Ohio

•   Pennsylvania

•   South Dakota

•   Tennessee

•   Texas

•   Washington

•   West Virginia

•   Wisconsin

•   Wyoming

7 States That Don’t Tax Retirement Income

As covered, there are a lot of different tax levels and tax types — some include different types of retirement income, some just involve plain old income tax itself. As such, it’s not really easy to determine which states don’t tax retirement income whatsoever. But if you were to boil it down to a list that accurately answers the question “which states don’t tax retirement income,” it would mirror the short list of states that don’t tax income at all.

•   Alaska

•   Florida

•   Nevada

•   South Dakota

•   Tennessee

•   Texas

•   Wyoming

In addition, as mentioned above, while New Hampshire and Washington state do tax certain types of income, they don’t really tax most forms of retirement income. So if you live in these states, your Social Security benefits and pension benefits can go further when it comes to covering your retirement expenses.

8 States With Low Retirement Income Taxes

Taking everything into account — taxes on income, pensions, Social Security, military retirement income, and more — there are several states that offer retirees relatively low retirement income taxes. Aside from the seven that don’t tax income at all, these states may be a good option for seniors, as they offer low retirement income taxes in one form or another:

•   Alabama

•   Hawaii

•   Illinois

•   Iowa

•   Mississippi

•   New Hampshire

•   Pennsylvania

•   Washington

Which States Have the Lowest Overall Tax Burden on Retirees?

Again, there is a lot to consider when trying to determine an overall tax burden, especially on retirees. But if you were to whittle down a list of a handful of states in which the tax burden is the absolute least on retirees? It would come down to the states with the overall smallest income tax burden, and a few other factors.

Delaware

Delaware hasn’t been discussed much, and though it does have state income taxes, a few other factors make it particularly appealing for retirees. Specifically, its state income tax rate tends to be relatively low (2.2% – 6.6%), and it has low property taxes, no sales taxes, and no applicable estate taxes.

Nevada

Nevada is a state with no state income taxes — a big win for retirees — and that also has relatively low property taxes, and no estate taxes. It also doesn’t tax income from most retirement accounts, or military retirement income.

Wyoming

Wyoming is similar to Nevada in that it has no state income taxes, low property taxes, and no estate taxes. There are applicable sales taxes, however, but it’s a drop in the bucket compared to the overall tax burdens seen in other states.

Can You Have Dual State Residency?

Generally, most people are residents of just one state. It is possible, however, to have dual residency in two different states. This can happen if you live in each state for part of the year to attend school, or to work.

For example, the state of Virginia distinguishes between residents who maintain a home in the state for 183 days or more during the year and domiciliary residents who claim Virginia as their legal state of residence. Under state law, it’s possible to be a resident of Virginia and a domiciliary resident of another state.

For instance, a college student from California who lives in Virginia during the school year would be a dual resident. However, you can have only one domicile — in this example, it would be California.

If you live and earn taxable income in two different states during the year, you may have to file tax returns in both those states unless a reciprocity agreement exists. Reciprocity agreements protect taxpayers who work in states other than the one in which they’re legal residents from being hit with double taxation.

What to Consider Before Moving to a Tax-Friendly State

Moving to a state that doesn’t tax pensions and Social Security could yield income tax savings, but it’s important to consider the bigger financial picture. Paying no or fewer income taxes on retirement benefits may not be much of a bargain if you’re stuck paying higher property taxes, or your heirs are left with steep inheritance taxes, for instance.

Also, consider the overall cost of living. If everyday essentials such as housing, food, and gas are higher in a state that has no income tax, then your retirement benefits may have less purchasing power overall. If costs end up being higher than you anticipated, you might end up working after retirement to fill any retirement income shortfalls.

The Takeaway

There are a number of states that tend to be more tax-friendly for retirees, and those generally include the states that don’t levy any income taxes. That list comprises states such as Alaska, Nevada, Texas, Florida, and Tennessee. But there are other potential taxes to take into consideration, and states all have different tax rules in regards to pensions, retirement accounts, capital gains, and more.

As such, if you’re hoping to save on taxes during retirement, you’ll need to do a little digging into the specifics to see what might affect you, given your unique financial picture. It’s wise to take into account other tax types as well (property taxes, etc.), and overall cost of living. Doing a thorough cost-benefit analysis before making a decision to move could be beneficial.

If you’re wondering about other ways to help make your retirement savings tax efficient, SoFi can help. With SoFi Invest, you can open a traditional or Roth IRA, and you can build, or add to your investment portfolio right from your smartphone or other device. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions (you can read the full fee schedule here), and SoFi members have access to complimentary advice from professionals.

For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.

FAQ

What is the most tax-friendly state to retire in?

The most tax-friendly states for retirees are states that don’t tax pensions and Social Security, and have a low tax-profile overall for sales and property tax. Some of the best states for retirees who want to avoid high taxes include Alabama, the District of Columbia, Nevada, and Tennessee.

Which states have no 401(k) tax?

States that do not tax 401(k) distributions are generally the same states that don’t tax income. Those states include Alaska, Florida, Nevada, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wyoming. New Hampshire and Washington don’t tax 401(k) distributions either.

Which states do not tax pensions?

States that do not tax pensions include the seven states that have no income tax — Alaska, Florida, Nevada, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wyoming — as well as New Hampshire and Washington. Additionally, five states — Alabama, Hawaii, Illinois, Mississippi, and Pennsylvania — exclude pension income from state taxation.

How can I avoid paying taxes on retirement income?

The simplest way to avoid paying taxes on retirement income is to move to a state that has the smallest applicable tax burden on retirement income sources. That would include the short list of seven states that don’t have any sorts of state income tax. You can also consult a professional.

Which states are tax-free for Social Security?

There are a grand total of 37 states that don’t tax Social Security benefits, and that list includes the seven states that don’t tax income at all. Aside from those states, 29 others (and Washington, D.C.) do not, specifically, tax Social Security benefits.


Photo credit: iStock/RapidEye

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Claw Promotion: Customer must fund their Active Invest account with at least $25 within 30 days of opening the account. Probability of customer receiving $1,000 is 0.028%. See full terms and conditions.

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How to Claim Unclaimed Money From Deceased Relatives

How to Claim Unclaimed Money From Deceased Relatives

Claiming unclaimed money from a deceased relative can be fairly straightforward — or more complicated — depending on state inheritance laws and the amount of supporting evidence to back the claim.

When a person dies without a will or other legally binding document outlining the distribution of their financial assets, that money may become “unclaimed” after a designated period of time. Unclaimed money is often turned over to the state where that person lived. However, it is possible for relatives to claim that money through the appropriate channels.

What Happens to Unclaimed Money from Deceased Relatives?

When no direct heir is identified, unclaimed money and assets from a deceased relative go to the state government. How soon the money goes to the state after the person dies will vary according to that state’s inheritance laws.

Once unclaimed money ends up in the hands of the government, the state authority will try to identify any relatives that are entitled to claim the money. Typically, a description of the assets and the name of the deceased are posted to one or several public and searchable websites. Some examples of these websites are:

•  Unclaimed.org

•  MissingMoney.com

•  TreasuryDirect.gov

•  FDIC.gov and NCUA.gov

•  PBGC.gov

•  UnclaimedRetirementBenefits.com

•  ACLI.com

Can You Claim Unclaimed Money From a Deceased Relative?

If you believe you are entitled to an unclaimed financial asset of a deceased relative, you can file a claim with the state government or business that is holding it. If you are specifically named as a beneficiary in the deceased relative’s will, the claim process can be relatively smooth. If not, you may still be able to claim that money but it will require supporting documentation or potentially a decision from a presiding probate court judge to ultimately verify the claim.

Recommended: How Much Does It Cost to Make a Will?

What Types of Financial Assets Can Be Claimed from Deceased Relatives?

Unclaimed money doesn’t necessarily have to be in the form of cash; it can also include other assets of value such as:

•  Real estate

•  Forgotten bank accounts

•  Bonds

•  Stocks

•  Certificates of deposit

•  Annuities

•  Royalties

•  401(k)s and other retirement plans

•  Vehicles and other physical assets

Recommended: Unclaimed Money from Scholarships and Grants

What to Expect From the Unclaimed Money Process

If you’re planning to claim unclaimed money, the process will vary depending on the state you’re filing in and the asset in question. In some cases, you can file a claim online, provide proof of identity and any documented proof of ownership, and wait for your claim to be processed. Once the claim is approved, you receive the money.

In situations where the deceased did not have a will or an executor for the will, a probate court will typically appoint someone to oversee any ownership claims and asset transfers. If this is the case, you may have to wait longer or provide more documented proof in court before your claim is approved.

Once your claim is approved and you receive the money owed to you, you may be required to pay inheritance tax. Again, this depends on which state the deceased lived in. However, spouses are exempt from paying inheritance tax in every state.

The Takeaway

Claiming unclaimed money from a deceased relative is entirely possible. However, the complexity of the process will ultimately depend on the circumstances and location of the deceased. If you believe you’re entitled to claim unclaimed money from a deceased relative, leveraging an estate planning attorney or a financial advisor can help demystify the process and any specifics about your claim.

It’s never too early to be thinking about your own estate planning needs and long-term financial goals.

SoFi can give you the tools to start tracking your money, pay off debt faster, and see the big picture of your finances.

FAQ

How do you know if a deceased loved one has left you money?

If a deceased relative has named you as a beneficiary in their will or another legally binding contract, the executor of that document or a probate court will likely reach out to inform you of any unclaimed money you are entitled to. If not, you can still check to see if you are entitled to money by searching one of the public online unclaimed-money databases or by reaching out to the deceased relative’s financial advisor or estate planner.

How do I find assets of a deceased person?

To find the assets of a deceased relative, try looking through their personal property, reach out to relatives and other friends with knowledge of their financial affairs, or inquire with the local probate court or state government agencies.

What happens when you inherit money?

Depending on where you inherit money, you may be required to pay inheritance tax. After that, you are free to do with the money as you please. However, it is often advisable to think hard about how to use that money to support your financial needs or long-term goals.


Photo credit: iStock/mdphoto16

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*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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What Is PMI & How to Avoid It?

If you don’t have a 20% down payment on a home, that’s OK. Most buyers don’t. But if you’re in that league and acquire a conventional mortgage, the lender will want extra assurance — insurance, if you will — that you’ll pay the loan back.Private mortgage insurance is usually the price to pay until you reach 20% equity or, as lenders say, 80% loan-to-value.

In an effort to help low- and middle-income borrowers, the Biden-Harris Administration recently reduced monthly mortgage insurance premiums for new FHA loans. Those cuts will not affect homebuyers with conventional loans and private mortgage insurance (PMI).

Can you avoid PMI? Other than coughing up 20% down, you could seek a piggyback mortgage or lender-paid mortgage insurance.

What Is PMI?

Private mortgage insurance is charged by lenders of conventional mortgages, which are loans not insured by a government agency. FHA, VA, and USDA loans are.

The 30-year conventional home loan is the most common mortgage, and 20% down is ideal. But…

You’ve seen home prices lately. Twenty percent down on a $250,000 or $400,000 or $750,000 home is just not doable for many, or most. The average down payment for all buyers has been about 13%, according to the National Association of Realtors.®

PMI is meant to protect the lender from risk. The premiums help the lender recoup its losses if a borrower can’t make the mortgage payments and goes into default.

How Much Does PMI Cost?

PMI is often 0.5% to 1.5% of the total loan amount per year but can range up to 2.25%.

The cost of PMI depends on the type of mortgage you get, how much your down payment is, your credit score, the type of property, the loan term, and the level of PMI coverage required by your lender.

If you’re shopping for a mortgage and you apply for one or more, the premium will be shown on your loan estimate. If you go forward with a home loan, the premium will be shown on the closing disclosure.

Estimate PMI Costs

Use this calculator to estimate PMI based on how much home you can afford.

How to Pay PMI

Most borrowers pay PMI monthly as a premium added to the mortgage payment.

Another option is to pay PMI with a one-time upfront premium at closing.

Yet another is to pay a portion of PMI up front and the remainder monthly.

How to Avoid PMI Without 20% Down

One way to avoid PMI is to make use of a piggyback mortgage. Another is to seek out lender-paid mortgage insurance.

Piggyback Loan

With a piggyback loan, typically an 80/10/10 mortgage, you’d take out two loans at the same time, a first mortgage for 80% of the home price and a second mortgage for 10% of the home value, and put 10% down.

The 80% loan is usually a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage, and the 10% loan is typically a home equity line of credit that “piggybacks” on the first mortgage.

A 75/15/10 piggyback loan is more commonly used for a condo purchase because mortgage rates for condos are higher when the loan-to-value ratio (LTV) exceeds 75%.

Both loans do not have to come from the same lender. Borrowers can tell their primary mortgage lender that they plan to use a piggyback loan and be referred to a second lender for the additional financing.

Because you’d be taking out two loans, your debt-to-income ratio (monthly debts / gross monthly income x 100) will fall under more scrutiny. Mortgage lenders typically want to see a DTI ratio of no more than 36%, but that is not necessarily the maximum.

Piggybackers will need to be prepared to make two mortgage payments. They will want to think about whether that secondary loan payment will be higher than PMI would be.

Lender-Paid Mortgage Insurance

In most cases with lender-paid mortgage insurance (LPMI), the lender pays the PMI on your behalf but bumps up your mortgage interest rate slightly. A 0.25% rate increase is common.

Monthly payments could be more affordable because the cost of the PMI is spread out over the whole loan term rather than bunched into the first several years. But the loan rate will never change unless you refinance.

Borrowers will want to look at how long they expect to hold the mortgage when comparing PMI and LPMI. If you need a short-term mortgage, plan to refinance in a few years, or want the lowest monthly payment possible, LPMI could be the way to go.

When PMI Is No Longer Required

Borrowers generally need to have 20% equity in their home to drop PMI.

The Homeowners Protection Act was put in place to protect consumers from paying more PMI than they are required to. Specifically for single-family principal mortgages closed on or after July 29, 1999, the law covers two scenarios: borrower-requested PMI termination and automatic PMI termination.

Once you’ve built 20% equity in your home, meaning you’re at an 80% LTV based on the home’s original value (the sales price or the original appraised value, whichever is lower), you can ask your mortgage loan servicer — in writing — to cancel your PMI if you’re current on all payments. Your monthly mortgage statement shows your loan servicer information.

The very date of this occurrence, barring no extra payments, should have been given to you in a PMI disclosure form when you received your mortgage.

As long as you’re current on all payments, PMI will automatically terminate on the date when your principal mortgage balance reaches 78% of the original value of your home.

If that LTV ratio is not reached by the midpoint of the mortgage amortization period, PMI must end the month after that midpoint.

PMI vs MIP vs Funding Fees

The upside of PMI is that it unlocks the door to homeownership for many who otherwise would still be renting. The downside is, it adds up.

If you’re tempted to go with a mortgage backed by the Federal Housing Administration, realize that an FHA loan requires up front and annual mortgage insurance premiums (MIP) that go on for the life of the loan if the down payment was less than 10%.

Mortgages insured by the Department of Veterans Affairs come with a sizable funding fee, with a few exceptions, and loans backed by the Department of Agriculture come with up front and annual guarantee fees.

Type of Loan Upfront Fee Annual Fee
Conventional n/a 0.5% to 1.5%+
FHA 1.75% 0.15% to .75%
VA 1.4% to 3.6% n/a
USDA 1% 0.35%

Recommended: PMI vs. MIP

Ways to Boost a Down Payment

A bigger down payment not only may allow a borrower to avoid PMI but usually will afford a better loan rate and provide more equity from the get-go, which translates to less total loan interest paid.

So how to afford a down payment? You could shake down Dad or Granny (just kidding; Grandma responds better to sweet talk than coercion). For a conventional loan, gift funds from a relative or from a domestic partner or fiance count toward a down payment. There’s no limit to the gift, but you may be expected to come up with part of the down payment. You’ll also need to present a formal gift letter to validate the funds given to you.

A gift of equity is a wonderful thing indeed. When a seller gives a portion of the home’s equity to the buyer, it is shown as a credit in the transaction and may be used to fund the down payment on principal or second homes.

You could look into down payment assistance from state, county, and city governments and nonprofit organizations, which usually cater to first-time homebuyers. And home listings on Zillow now include information about down payment assistance programs that might be available to buyers searching for homes on the platform.

Even if you can’t come up with 20%, it’s all good because PMI doesn’t last forever, and real estate is one of the key ways to build generational wealth.

The Takeaway

What is PMI? Private mortgage insurance, which typically goes along for the ride when a borrower puts less than 20% down on a conventional mortgage. How to avoid PMI? Hunt for lender-paid mortgage insurance or a piggyback loan, or seek gifts or other assistance to fatten the down payment.

SoFi offers fixed-rate conventional mortgages at competitive rates. Qualifying first-time homebuyers can put just 3% down, and others can put 5% down.

Look into all the advantages of getting a home mortgage loan with SoFi.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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How Much Does It Cost to Build a Houseboat?

How Much Does It Cost to Build a Houseboat? Guide to Houseboat Costs

For those of us seeking the appeal of a minimalist life on the water, the cost to build a houseboat will depend as much on how much elbow grease we’re willing to dedicate to the project as it does on the type of materials we decide to use for the job.

A houseboat is a self-propelled vessel with a cabin. There are many styles, giving people wide discretion on how they choose to build their own houseboat.

Let’s break down factors and average costs associated with building a houseboat.

Average Cost of Building a Houseboat

How much does it cost to build a houseboat? Just like the cost to build a house, it depends on size, materials, whether it’s a total DIY job, and more.

The cost of building a single-story 50-foot houseboat is at least $10,000 to $20,000, some sources say. To be clear, this estimate means doing all the work yourself or with the help of friends. A smaller, basic houseboat may cost less than that to build.

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.


Labor costs for professionals like electricians or plumbers will increase your expenses substantially. So understand that you’ll be trading time and know-how for savings.

There are also houseboat kits and plans for sale. Charmingly, some are advertised as DIY pontoon tiny houses.

By contrast, you can choose to purchase a serviceable preowned houseboat that needs some renovations. Used houseboats can go for anywhere from a few thousand dollars to over $1 million for luxury craft that border on liveaboard yachts. Shiver me timbers!

Here’s a rough estimate of the cost of building a houseboat vs. buying a used one.

Building From Scratch Cost Preowned Houseboat Cost
$10,000 and up for 50 feet $20,000 and up

Regardless of whether you’re planning to handle the build yourself or you intend to refurbish a used houseboat, you may need financing. How to pay for it? Not with a traditional mortgage. Options include a boat loan and a personal loan.

Homeowners with sufficient home equity may be able to launch their houseboat plans with a home equity line of credit (HELOC), home equity loan, or cash-out refinance.

Recommended: How to Find a Contractor

Factors That Affect the Cost of a Houseboat

Houseboat living has caught on with some retirees, who want to downsize home-wise.

It also could be a choice for minimalists and millennial homebuyers who think outside the box.

Not everyone, of course, will want to be a full-time liveaboard. Some water lovers will be OK with a basic houseboat for cruising and recreation, one that is maybe trailerable. Those are factors that will affect the cost of your preferred houseboat.

Here are factors to consider.

Size

The size of your houseboat will have a major impact on the cost of materials you’ll need. Are you planning to build a single-story or double-decker houseboat? Will this be something that would fit on a standard 50-foot pontoon base, or will you need something more robust to keep it afloat?

Taking the high-end estimate of $20,000 to build a basic 50-foot houseboat, that comes out to roughly $400 per square foot, assuming you don’t hire anyone to help with construction.

Bear in mind that these figures are a very rough estimate that was calculated across a broad average of houseboats.

Design

The design of your houseboat will have a large effect on your options when it comes to layout, maneuverability, and aesthetics.

Before you begin construction, you’ll need to decide on what type of hull best suits your houseboat. Aluminum pontoons are popular.

Catamaran cruisers are maneuverable and may be cheaper to build, but they often compromise on space. These designs are easily outfitted with motors and may be best suited for owners who intend to take them out occasionally.

Those looking for larger accommodations may prefer a type of house called a floating home, which is actually different from a houseboat. It often has a concrete hull and is meant to stay in one place, permanently attached to utilities. The price, though, will usually be much higher than that of a houseboat.

A few sailors may opt to build a yacht, which offers the ideal combination of maneuverability and living space. You’ll have to have a hefty check at the ready or prepare to borrow a boatload if you’re considering this option.

Materials

The most common materials used to build boats intended for habitation are aluminum and fiberglass, but in some cases steel and wood can be construction materials of choice.

A standard pontoon base can cost between $3,000 and $10,000.

The cost of interior finishes largely depends on your personal tastes. They can be affordable if you’re fine with a no-frills setup but can tack skyward for more luxurious tastes and larger vessels. Stainless steel appliances and granite countertops cost money, regardless of whether they go in a house or a houseboat.

Will you want a staircase and flybridge? Budget accordingly.

Location and Water Depth

The environment you intend to keep your houseboat in will affect how much you’ll have to pay to make it seaworthy.

The price of an inboard motor may start around $8,000, and a middle-of-the road outboard may be $15,000 and up. Depending on how large your vessel is, you may need to pay for a larger motor with more horsepower.

Federal regulations governing recreational craft prohibit the majority of houseboats from sailing in deep ocean waters. However, cruises along the shoreline, or in a lake or river, are acceptable options for capable houseboats.

Weather

Whether you decide to launch or keep your houseboat in freshwater or saltwater and local weather patterns will affect houseboat maintenance.

Saltwater is a tougher environment but has a lower freezing temperature than freshwater, which means that you likely won’t have to worry about ice forming in the water.

By contrast, if your houseboat will primarily be in freshwater, you may have to deal with ice. As water freezes into ice, it expands, which can damage your hull or rudder.

Permits and Regulations

Any recreational vessel must meet federal safety requirements and possibly abide by state regulations.

Average Cost of Living on a Houseboat Year-Round

The average cost of living on a houseboat is $11,500 per year, some sources say. This breaks down to around $1,000 per month. Some frugal houseboat enthusiasts report living on as little as $6,000 per year.

Most of these costs encompass mooring fees, utilities, and insurance, but you’ll also need to budget for repairs and applicable local fees. Some houseboat communities have a homeowners association that allows all residents to distribute community expenses like maintenance of the docks.

Does a houseboat cost less than a home sitting on terra firma? Generally, yes. You can build a houseboat for far less than a comparably sized single-family home. As a future liveaboard, though, you might want to compare moorage and other fees to the costs of maintaining a traditional home.

The IRS says a boat with cooking, sleeping, and toilet facilities can be a main or second home, so interest paid on a loan for your houseboat could be included in the mortgage interest deduction if you itemize.

The Takeaway

How much does it cost to build a houseboat? The cost could start at $10,000 for a DIY build and depends largely on size and materials. Hiring skilled labor will add to that substantially. An alternative to building a houseboat is buying a used one and making it your own.

How to pay for these nautical visions? One way, for qualified homeowners, is a HELOC brokered by SoFi.

Borrow what you need, when you need it, and access up to 95%, or $500,000, of your home equity.

Tap your home equity and chart a course toward a houseboat you’ll love.

FAQ

How large can a houseboat be?

Most houseboats range from 20 to over 90 feet in length and 8 to 20 feet in width. In most cases, 40 to 50 feet is the average length for a houseboat to be comfortable as a long-term dwelling.

How long does it take to build a houseboat?

A DIY houseboat project may take 18 months to complete, but the time frame will depend on whether you’re able to work on the houseboat project full time and whether you enlist any help. Remember to factor in time to obtain necessary permits or inspections for your area.

Where can I get financing to build a houseboat?

You may be able to finance your houseboat build through lenders that focus on marine and RV lending. Other options are a personal loan, a HELOC, a home equity loan, and a cash-out refinance.


Photo credit: iStock/MarkHatfield

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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