8 Year-End Tax Moves to Make in 2022

8 Year-End Tax Moves to Make in 2025

It’s time to file your taxes again. But before you do, it’s a good idea to consider whether there are any last-minute tax moves you can make to lower your tax liability and/or simplify the tax filing process.

Read on to learn some tax tips before April 15th arrives.

Key Points

•   Stay updated with changes in the tax code, such as shifts in tax brackets and increases in the standard deduction.

•   Review potential itemized deductions, including medical expenses, charitable donations, and home mortgage interest.

•   Check the contribution limits for retirement accounts like IRAs and 401(k)s to maximize tax benefits.

•   Consider using tax-loss harvesting to offset gains by selling securities at a loss.

•   Look into tax-efficient investing for non-retirement savings you won’t need to touch for a while.

Why End-of-Year Tax Prep Is Important

The end of the year and start of the new year can be an ideal time to get your affairs in order for the upcoming tax season, especially when it comes to reducing your tax burden. One way to do that is through what’s known as tax-loss harvesting (you’ll learn more details below).

This and other financial moves can be complicated and may require additional preparation or the assistance of a tax preparer or financial planner, which is why an early start can be important.

It’s also a key moment to make sure that you have all the information you need to file properly. If you are missing tax forms, now’s the time to work on getting them before you get too close to the April 15th filing deadline.

Smart Tax Prep Moves to Make

Ready to learn the details? Here are eight moves to make by the end of the year that could save you time and money when Tax Day rolls around.

1. Look at Tax Code Changes

The Internal Revenue Service’s tax code can and does change regularly. Tax brackets can shift (say, in response to inflation’s impact). In addition, the standard deduction often rises, which can help lower your taxable income. For example, for tax year 2025 (filing in April 2026), the standard deduction for married couples filing jointly is $31,500; in tax year 2026, it goes up to $32,200. For single filers, the standard deduction is $15,750 for tax year 2025 and $16,100 for tax year 2026.

2. Grab All Available Itemized Deductions

It’s also a great time to review what itemized deductions you may have. Beyond state and local packages, you’ll also want to consider any medical expenses, charitable donations, home mortgage interest, or any losses you may have incurred as the result of a natural disaster or theft.

Keep in mind you can still make charitable donations, schedule doctor’s visits, and pay for certain expenses before the end of the year to potentially offset your taxes.

3. Review Your Contribution Limits

Some of the contributions you can make include putting money in your (health savings account (HSA)), 529 college savings account, and your Individual Retirement Account (IRA). For HSAs and IRAs you generally have until April 15 to make these contributions.

Contributions to a traditional IRA or HSA often can reduce your taxable income, as long as you are eligible to contribute and to take a deduction. While contributions to a Roth IRA can help you save on taxes in the future, they won’t reduce your current tax liability.

Here are contribution limits for tax year 2025 as well as what to expect for 2026:

•   IRAs: The annual contribution limit for a traditional and Roth IRA is $7,000 for 2025 and $7,500 for 2026. Those 50 and older can contribute an additional $1,000 per individual in 2025 for a total of $8,000 per year, and an additional $1,100 per individual in 2026 for a total of $8,600.

•   HSAs: In 2025, you can contribute up to $4,300 if you are covered by a high-deductible health plan (HDHP) just for yourself, or $8,550 if you have coverage for your family. In 2026, you can contribute up to $4,400 if you are covered by a HDHP for yourself, or $8,750 if you have family coverage. Those age 55 and older can contribute an additional $1,000 in both years.

•   529s: Individual states sponsor 529 plans and set varying total account maximums. You’ll also want to keep in mind that the IRS counts contributions to 529 plans as gifts. Individuals can gift up to $19,000 to a 529 plan in 2025 and in 2026, without those funds counting against the lifetime gift tax exemption amount.

4. Consider Tax-Loss Harvesting

Tax-loss harvesting can be a tool to offset losses in non-retirement accounts. Simply put, tax-loss harvesting allows you to use realized losses to offset any gains. So, if you have investments that are below cost basis, you may want to discuss your situation with your financial planner or tax advisor to see if tax-loss harvesting is a good option.

Recommended: Tax Season Help Center 2025

5. Review Your Savings

Were you able to save some money over the last year but haven’t invested it yet? If it’s just sitting in your savings account, now may be the time to consider some tax-efficient investing.

When deploying a tax-efficient investment strategy, it’s crucial to know how an investment is going to be taxed. Ideally, you’d want more tax-efficient investments in a taxable account.

Conversely, you may want to hold investments that can have a greater tax impact in tax-deferred and tax-exempt accounts, where investments can grow tax-free.

Next, it is helpful to know that some investment types are inherently more tax-efficient than others. That insight can aid you in making the best investment choices for the type of investment account that you have. For example, ETFs’ tax efficiency is considered superior to that of mutual funds because they don’t trigger as many taxable events. Investors can trade ETFs shares directly, while mutual fund trades require the fund sponsor to act as a middle man, activating a tax liability.

6. Consider a Roth Conversion

You might have a traditional IRA and wonder if you should convert it into a Roth IRA instead for tax purposes. Deciding to convert a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA comes down to a few factors, all of which are personal to each individual investor. This may make it important to weigh the pros and cons carefully. You may want to discuss this kind of year-end tax move with a financial advisor before making a decision.

An IRA rollover can happen a few ways:

•   Via an indirect rollover, where the owner of the account receives a distribution from a traditional IRA and can then contribute it to a Roth IRA within 60 days.

•   Via a trustee-to-trustee, or direct rollover, where an account owner tells the financial institution currently holding the traditional IRA assets to transfer an amount directly to the trustee of a new Roth IRA account at a different financial institution.

•   Via a same trustee transfer, used when a traditional IRA is housed in the same financial institution of the new Roth IRA. The owner of the account alerts the institution to transfer an amount from the traditional IRA to the Roth IRA.

7. Perform a Financial Checkup

It’s common for life circumstances to change from one year to the next. Maybe you got a new job, had a baby, or bought a new home.

If you’ve experienced changes in your life, consider taking some time now to reevaluate your financial goals, as well as your estate planning. For example, owning a home and being responsible for a mortgage can impact your discretionary spending. Similarly, if you recently became a parent or pet owner, you may think about adjusting your finances to prepare for the added expenses.

💡 Quick Tip: Most savings accounts only earn a fraction of a percentage in interest. Not at SoFi. Our high-yield savings account can help you make meaningful progress towards your financial goals.

8. Top up Your 401(k)

The more you contribute to your 401(k) account, generally the lower your taxable income is in that year. So if you haven’t yet reached your maximum contribution, now may be the perfect time to do so. Here’s some food for thought:

•   If you contribute 15% of your income to your 401(k), for instance, you’ll only owe taxes on 85% of income.

•   Say your annual income is $50,000. If you contribute 15% of your salary annually, $7,500 will be deposited into your 401(k) account, and you will be taxed on $42,500. That could save you thousands on your taxes.

To max out a 401(k) for tax year 2025, an employee would need to contribute $23,500 in salary deferrals; $31,000 if they’re over age 50, and $34,750 if they’re aged 60 to 63, thanks to SECURE 2.0. In 2026, the max for employee salary deferrals is $24,500; those over age 50 can contribute up to $32,500, and those aged 60 to 63 may contribute up to $35,750, thanks to SECURE 2.0.

Some investors might think about maxing out their 401(k) as a way of getting the most out of this retirement savings option. Others may want to put the money elsewhere. Again, talking with a financial professional can help you weigh the implications of these end-of-year money moves.

The Takeaway

The end of the year and then the start of tax season are ideal times to get ready to file your return by April 15th. Specifically, it may be in your best interests to find ways to mitigate your tax bill. You might rethink your retirement savings vehicles or try tax-loss harvesting (selling securities at a loss in order to reduce your tax bill), for instance.

As you are thinking about your finances, you might also take a minute to look at your banking partner and make sure it’s a good fit for your finances.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


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Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

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Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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Understanding Highly Compensated Employees (HCEs)

Understanding Highly Compensated Employees (HCEs)

Internal Revenue Service (IRS) rules require companies with 401(k) retirement plans to identify highly compensated employees (HCEs). An HCE, according to the IRS, passes either an ownership test or a compensation test. Someone owning more than 5% of the company would qualify as an HCE, as would someone who was compensated more than $160,000 for tax years 2025 or 2026.

The IRS uses this information to help all employees receive fair treatment when participating in their 401(k). As a result, your HCE status can affect the amount you can contribute to your 401(k).

What Does It Mean to Be an HCE?

A highly compensated employee’s 401(k) contributions will be subject to additional scrutiny by the IRS. Again, you’re identified as an HCE if you either:

•   Owned more than 5% of the business this year or last year, regardless of how much compensation you earned or received, or

•   Received at least $160,000 in compensation for tax years 2025 or 2026 and, if your employer so chooses, you were in the top 20% of employees ranked by compensation.

If you meet either of these criteria, you’re considered an HCE, though that doesn’t necessarily mean that you earn a higher salary.

For example, someone could own 6% of a business while also drawing a salary of less than $100,000 a year. Because they meet the ownership test, they would still be classified as an HCE.

It’s also possible for you to be on the higher end of your company’s salary range and yet not qualify as an HCE. This can happen if your company chooses to rank employees by pay. If your income is above the IRS’s HCE threshold but you still earn less than the highest-paid 20% of employees (while not owning 5% of the company), you don’t meet the definition of an HCE.

Highly Compensated Employee vs Key Employee

Highly compensated employees may or may not also be key employees. Under IRS rules, a key employee meets one of the following criteria:

•   An officer making over $230,000 for 2025; $235,000 for 2026

•   Someone who owns more than 5% of the business

•   A person who owns more than 1% of the business and also makes more than $150,000 a year

•   Someone who meets none of these conditions is a non-key employee.

In order for a highly compensated employee to be a key employee, they must pass the ownership or officer tests. For IRS purposes, ownership is determined on an aggregate basis. For example, if you and your spouse work for the same company and each own a 2.51% share, then you’d collectively pass the ownership test.

Benefits of Being a Highly Compensated Employee

Being a highly compensated employee can offer certain advantages. Here are some of the chief benefits of being an HCE:

•   Having an ownership stake in the company you work for may entail additional employee benefits or privileges, such as bonuses or the potential to purchase company stock at a discount.

•   Even with a high salary, you can still contribute to your 401(k) retirement plan, possibly with matching contributions from your employer.

•   You may be able to supplement 401(k) contributions with contributions to an individual retirement account (IRA) or health savings account (HSA).

There are, however, some downsides to consider if you’re under the HCE umbrella.

Disadvantages of Being a Highly Compensated Employee

Highly compensated employees are subject to additional oversight when making 401(k) contributions. If you’re an HCE, here are a few disadvantages to be aware of:

•   You may not be able to max out your 401(k) contributions each year.

•   Lower contribution rates could potentially result in a shortfall in your retirement savings goal.

•   Earning a higher income could make you ineligible to contribute to a Roth IRA for retirement.

•   Any excess contributions that get refunded to you will count as taxable income when you file your return.

Benefits

Disadvantages

HCEs may get certain perks or bonuses. 401(k) contributions may be limited.
Can still contribute to a company retirement plan. Limits may make it more difficult to reach retirement goals.
Can still contribute to an IRA. High earnings may make you ineligible to contribute to a Roth IRA.
Refunds of excess contributions could raise employee’s taxable income.

Recommended: Rollover IRA vs. Regular IRA: What’s the Difference?

Nondiscrimination Regulatory Testing

The IRS requires employers to conduct 401(k) plan nondiscrimination compliance testing each year. The purpose of this testing is to ensure that highly compensated employees and non-highly compensated employees have a more level playing field when it comes to 401(k) contributions.

Employers calculate the average contributions of non-highly compensated employees when testing for nondiscrimination. Depending on the findings, highly compensated employees may have their contributions restricted in certain ways. If you aren’t sure, it’s best to ask someone in your HR department, or the plan sponsor.

If an employer reviews the plan and finds that it’s overweighted in favor of HCEs, the employer must take steps to correct the error. The IRS allows companies to do that by either making additional contributions to the plans of non-HCEs or refunding excess contributions back to HCEs.

401(k) Contribution Limits for HCEs

In theory, highly compensated employees’ 401(k) limits are the same as retirement contribution limits for other employees. For 2025, the contribution limit is $23,500. Those 50 and older can add another $7,500, for a total of $31,000. Those aged 60 to 63 can contribute an additional $11,250, for a total of $34,750. For 2026, the contribution limit is $24,500. Those 50 and older can add another $8,000, for a total of $32,500. Those aged 60 to 63, can contribute an additional $11,250, for a total of $35,750.

But, as noted above, these plans may be restricted for HCEs, so it’s wise to know the terms before you begin contributing.

Other Retirement Plan Considerations

For example, one thing to watch out for if you’re a highly compensated employee is the possibility of overfunding your 401(k). If your employer determines that you, as an HCE, have contributed more than the rules allow, the employer may need to refund some of that money back to you.

As mentioned earlier, refunded money would be treated as taxable income. Depending on the refunded amount, you could find yourself in a higher tax bracket and facing a larger tax bill. So it’s important to keep track of your contributions throughout the year so the money doesn’t have to be refunded to you.

Recommended: Should You Retire at 62?

401(k) vs IRAs for HCEs

A highly compensated employee might consider opening an IRA account, traditional or Roth IRA, to supplement their 401(k) savings. Either kind of IRA lets you contribute money up to the annual limit and make qualified withdrawals after age 59 ½ without penalty.

However, income-related rules could constrain highly compensated employees in terms of funding both a 401(k) and a traditional or Roth IRA.

•   An HCE’s contributions to a traditional IRA may not be fully tax-deductible if they or their spouse are covered by a workplace retirement plan. Phaseouts depend on income and filing status.

•   Highly compensated employees may be barred from contributing to a Roth IRA. Eligibility phases out as income rises. For the 2025 tax year, people become ineligible when their MAGI reaches $165,000 (if single) or $246,000 (if married, filing jointly). For the 2026 tax year, people cannot contribute to a Roth IRA when their MAGI reaches $168,000 (single filers) or $252,000 (married, filing jointly).

The Takeaway

A highly compensated employee is generally someone who owns more than 5% of the company that employs them, or who received compensation of more than $160,000 in 2025 or 2026.

Being an HCE can restrict how much you’re able to save in your company’s 401(k); under certain circumstances the IRS may require the employer to refund some of your contributions, with potential tax consequences for you. Even so, HCEs may still be able to save and invest through other retirement accounts.

SoFi offers traditional and Roth IRAs to help you grow your retirement savings. You can open an account online in minutes and build a diversified portfolio that suits your goals. It’s a hassle-free way to work toward a secure financial future.

Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Does HCE income include bonuses?

The IRS treats bonuses as compensation for determining which employees are highly compensated. Overtime, commissions, and salary deferrals to a 401(k) account are also counted as compensation.

What is the difference between a key employee and a highly compensated employee?

A highly compensated employee is someone who passes the IRS’s ownership test or compensation test. A key employee is someone who is an officer or meets ownership criteria. Highly compensated employees can also be key employees.

Can you be a key employee and not an HCE?

It is possible to be a key employee and not a highly compensated employee in certain situations. For example, you might own 1.5% of the business and make between $150,000 and $200,000 per year, while not ranking in the top 20% of employees by compensation.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



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25 Tax Deductions for Freelancers

Are you a freelancer? If so, you are in good company. Last year, almost 40% of the U.S. population did freelance work.

As the gig economy surges and more people participate, it’s important to be aware of the taxes you owe and the deductions you can take. Those deductions can help lower the amount of taxes you owe and help you keep more of your hard-earned money, so you’ll want to claim what’s due to you.

Taxes for those who are self-employed can get complex, and tax laws can change frequently. It’s therefore wise to do your research or hire a tax professional who focuses on freelance taxes.

But whether you choose to work with a tax pro, or go it on your own, it can be very helpful to know about the self-employed tax deductions that are usually allowed. To help you get up to speed, read on for 25 tax deductions that many freelancers can take.

Self-Employed Tax Deductions You Won’t Want to Miss

When considering whether an expense is deductible or not, you may want this rule of thumb in mind: The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) guideline for freelancer tax deductions is that expenses must be ordinary and necessary.

If you purchase an item or incur an expense even if you weren’t running your freelance business, it likely would not qualify for a deduction.

Below are some key deductions you may be able to qualify for. Knowing and noting them can help you with financial planning for freelancers.

1. Home Office

Are you earning money from home? If so, one of the most common deductions for freelancers is claiming a home office on your taxes. To take this deduction, the designated space must be used regularly and exclusively for business operations, and must be the principal location where business is conducted.

You can take this deduction whether your own or rent. You can use the simplified method, which has a rate of $5 per square foot for business use of the home, with a maximum deduction of $1,500 (or 300 square feet), according to the IRS .

Or, you can use the regular method, which divides expenses of operating the home (including mortgage/rent, real estate taxes, utilities, home insurance) between personal and business use.

Calculating Home Office Tax Deductions

To maximize your deduction for a home office you may want to calculate both the simplified and the regular techniques to see which is higher.

•   As mentioned above, the simplified method involves calculating your home office’s square footage (up to a cap of 300 square feet), and multiplying that by five.

•   For the regular method, you would use IRS Form 8829 to figure out the number. While this is a more involved calculation, it might yield a higher number.

2. Office Supplies

Looking for more tax deductions for freelancers? The materials you purchase to work in your home office, such as paper, pens, pencils, pads, printer ink, staples, paper clips, etc, can typically be deducted at full cost as long as the items are used for business.

3. Hardware and Equipment

If you require specific hardware, such as a laptop, personal computer, tablet, or other types of equipment to run your business, these purchases may count as deductions.

Or maybe you earn money from a side hustle like photography or jewelry making, which requires specialized equipment.

You may want to talk to your accountant about the best way to deduct these expenses, as some bigger purchases that will be used beyond one year may need to be depreciated over a set number of years, rather than deducted in full.

4. Web Hosting and Online Tools

If you have a website and pay fees for web hosting, these expenses can likely be deducted from your taxes. If you use other online tools for your business (such as Dropbox or Zoom), fees you pay for these services can also usually be deducted.

5. Phone And Internet Service

If you use the internet, a landline phone, or a cell phone for business at least some of the time, these services may qualify for a deduction.

You may want to keep in mind, however, that you can generally only deduct a portion based on your business usage.

6. Start-Up Costs

Here’s another freelance tax deduction: You may be able to deduct up to $5,000 of initial purchases and investments made to get your business up and running in its first year. Purchases that exceed that amount can often be deducted over time.

7. Employee Salaries

The cost of paying employees to work within a business can usually be deducted. These costs generally include both wages and benefits.

8. Self-Employment Tax

Are you a 1099 worker? Self-employment taxes cover freelancer contributions toward Social Security and Medicare. You can generally deduct the employer-equivalent portion of your self-employment tax, which is half the total self-employment tax.

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9. Your Car

The entire cost of ownership and maintenance of any vehicle used strictly for business purposes can typically be deducted from business income (subject to some limits). The IRS mileage rate for tax year 2025 is 70 cents per mile driven for business use.

Cars driven for both business and personal use can also be deducted, but only for costs incurred while conducting business. It’s wise to set up a system to keep track of when you are driving for personal vs. professional purposes.

10. Unpaid Invoices

Also known as bad debt, unpaid invoices (meaning your business is owed money that it has no hope of reclaiming) may be deductible.

However, in order for the deduction to be allowed, it must be clear to both parties that the transaction was not a gift.

11. Business License

Depending on the industry, certain state and federal licenses may be required for a business to operate. However, there may be an amortization schedule to be aware of, meaning you would deduct percentages of the cost over time.

The fees paid annually to state or local governments for obtaining those licenses can generally be deducted.

It’s wise to look further into the tax code to be sure you understand how to properly take these deductions.

12. Qualified Business Income

This is a newer self-employment deduction. The qualified business income deduction (QBI) is a tax deduction that allows eligible self-employed individuals and small business owners to deduct up to 20% of their qualified business income on their taxes. There are income limits to qualify, however, and this benefit is currently scheduled to be phased out after 2025.

13. Product Supplies and Storage Units

For freelancers who sell products, the supplies purchased in order to make those products can usually be a freelance tax deduction.

The costs of keeping business supplies and assets in a storage unit can generally also be deducted, since storage is an expense factored into the overall cost of the goods sold.

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14. Business Loan Interest

If you’ve taken out a loan to help fund your business, you may be able to deduct the interest you incur from it as a business expense.

For this to be deductible, however, a freelancer must be legally liable for that debt. In addition, both the freelancer and the lender must intend that the debt be repaid and have a true debtor-creditor relationship.

15. Meals

Sorry, buying takeout and eating it at your desk isn’t tax-deductible. But if you are traveling for business, at a conference, or dining with a client, then you can deduct 50% of the cost if you have the receipt. If you don’t have the receipt, you can take off 50% of the standard meal allowance.

16. Transaction Fees

If part of your business involves processing credit card orders, you may have an additional freelancer deduction. The processing costs a freelancer may incur by accepting credit cards payments is usually deductible as a qualified business expense.

17. Attorney & Accountant Fees

The fees charged by attorneys and accountants that are related to operating your business are typically considered tax-deductible business expenses.

That includes tax preparation fees, as well as any additional tax resolution expenses that pertain to your business.

18. Education Costs

Freelancer deductions can include the cost of education that helps you maintain or improve skills needed in your present work. This tax deduction also typically includes costs for books, supplies and even transportation.

19. Industry Events

Fees for attending conferences or conventions that are business related can typically be deducted.

Not only are the admission or registration fees often deductible, but all reasonable travel expenses accrued in order to attend the event may be deductible as well.

20. Promotional Materials

Tools used for marketing, advertising, and the general promotion of a business are considered deductible expenses. That includes advertising your product or service on social media or elsewhere.

Any expenses incurred in order to influence legislation (such as lobbying), however, are not deductible.

21. Business Membership Fees

While you generally can’t deduct dues or fees paid for memberships in clubs organized for recreational or social purposes, dues paid to join organizations that align with your specific business industry are usually considered deductible.

This includes organizations, such as boards of trade, chambers of commerce, and professional organizations (like bar associations and medical associations).

22. Business Travel Expenses

Travel costs that are associated with conducting business are considered valid income tax deductions, as long as they are ordinary and necessary and last more than one workday.

This can include flights, hotel stays, meals, getting around locally via bus/train/ride sharing services, even dry cleaning or laundry expenses while you’re away from home.

You may want to keep in mind that lavish and extravagant travel conditions generally do not qualify for deduction.

Also, day-to-day commuter expenses between home and business are not typically deductible.

23. Business Gifts

If you give a gift to a client or vendor as a thank you for conducting business with you, the cost of the gift is generally deductible up to $25 per person per year.

Extra costs such as engraving, packing, or shipping aren’t included in the $25 limit if they don’t add significant value to the gift.

24. Health Insurance

Self-employed individuals with qualifying policies are typically allowed to deduct premiums for health, dental, and long-term care for themselves and their families.

25. Retirement Plan Contributions

Just because you don’t work for a large company doesn’t mean you can’t benefit from a tax-advantaged retirement plan. Indeed, freelancers often have even more options for saving this way.

Two self-employed retirement options you may want to consider: a traditional IRA or SEP IRA. A traditional IRA allows you to contribute up to $7,000 per year in pre-tax dollars ($8,000 if your 50-plus) for 2025 and up to $7,500 ($8,600 if your 50-plus) for 2026. A SEP IRA allows you to contribute up to 25% of your income for a maximum of $70,000 per year for tax year 2025 and a maximum of $72,000 for 2026.

Claiming Tax Deductions

Why is it important to claim tax deductions? They will help lower how much you pay in taxes and increase how much you keep to spend and save.

If, say, you earn $120,000 in a given year and can claim $25,000 in tax deductions, then you would only be paying taxes on $95,000. That can make a big difference in your daily financial life as well as your ability to build wealth and hit your financial goals.

Tips for Freelancer Tax Deductions

If you are a freelancer, there are a couple of smart guidelines to follow as you move through the tax year.

Keeping Records of Everything

As you earn, spend, and save as a freelancer, it’s important to make a budget and track where your money is going. Keeping records of how much you are paid from different clients or customers, what you are spending on your business, and when and where those expenses are incurred (and even how they are paid) can make a big difference when tax preparation time rolls around.

Also, if you ever need that information if audited, you will be glad you have those files.

Keeping Your Personal and Business Finances Separate

As you have learned, it’s important to keep your business and personal finances separate when you are self-employed. This means your workspace, your transportation and meal expenses, and the like.

This will have important implications at tax time. For instance, you may have to parse how much of your rent or mortgage and your utilities actually go towards your home-based business vs. personal use.

•   Opening a separate bank account for your business. It can be a smart move to keep your business finances separate from your personal to clarify your professional earning and spending. Many financial institutions offer business accounts to meet these needs. If you are just launching a side hustle or have a small, part-time gig, you might simply open up an additional checking and savings account to start.

Working With a Tax Professional

It’s not always easy to decipher the tax code as a freelancer or know which expenses qualify and to what expense.

Sometimes, working with a qualified tax professional can help. They are trained to know the ins and outs of the law and can guide you on correct tax filing.

The IRS offers guidelines for choosing a reputable tax professional that can be worth reading.

The Takeaway

As a freelancer, you can often lower your tax liability by deducting expenses that were incurred to operate your business.

There are a wide range of deductions you may be able to take, including some or all of your expenses for a home office, supplies for that home office, business events, advertising, self-employment taxes, and more.

In addition to managing your business income, you’ll also want to consider the full breadth of financial services you need, and compare which banking partner is best for your needs, whether personal or professional.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

Do freelancers need to declare income?

Yes, if you are a freelancer, you need to declare your income and pay taxes on it. It is wise to pay quarterly estimated taxes to avoid a large tax bill and potential penalties at tax time.

How is income tax calculated for freelancers?

In addition to regular income tax, freelancers typically need to pay a self-employment tax of 15.3% to cover Social Security and Medicare taxes. Typically, employees and their employers split that bill. But self-employed people pay the whole thing.

What happens if you don’t file freelance taxes?

Not filing freelance taxes doesn’t mean you don’t owe them. Not paying taxes can mean you are still liable for the amount you owe, plus interest and penalties.


Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

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Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

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Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Investment Strategies By Age

Your age is a major factor in the investment strategy you choose and the assets you invest in. The investments someone makes when they’re in their 20s should look very different from the investments they make in their 50s.

Generally speaking, the younger you are, the more risk you may be able to tolerate because you’ll have time to make up for investment losses you might incur. Conversely, the closer you are to retirement, the more conservative you’ll want to be since you have less time to recoup from any losses. In other words, your investments need to align with your risk tolerance, time horizon, and financial goals.

Most important of all, you need to start saving for retirement now so that you won’t be caught short when it’s time to retire. According to a 2024 SoFi survey of adults 18 and older, 59% of respondents had no retirement savings at all or less than $49,999.

Here is some information to consider at different ages.

Investing in Your 20s

In your 20s, you’ve just started in your career and likely aren’t yet earning a lot. You’re probably also paying off debt such as student loans. Despite those challenges, this is an important time to begin investing with any extra money you have. The sooner you start, the more time you’ll have to save for retirement. Plus, you can take advantage of the power of compounding returns over the decades. These strategies can help get you on your investing journey.

Strategy 1: Participate in a Retirement Savings Plan

One of the easiest ways to start saving for retirement is to enroll in an employer-sponsored plan like a 401(k). Your contributions are generally automatically deducted from your paycheck, making it easier to save.

If possible, contribute at least enough to qualify for your employer’s 401(k) match if they offer one. That way your company will match a percentage of your contributions up to a certain limit, and you’ll be earning what’s essentially free money.

Those who don’t have access to an employer-sponsored plan might want to consider setting up an individual retirement account (IRA). There are different types of IRAs, but two of the most common are traditional and Roth IRAs. Both let you contribute up to $7,000 in 2025 and 7,500 in 2026 for those under age 50. (Note that Roth IRAs have income limits.) But one key difference is the way the two accounts are taxed. With Roth IRAs, contributions are not tax deductible, but you can withdraw money tax-free in retirement. With traditional IRAs, you deduct your contributions upfront and pay taxes on distributions when you retire.

Strategy 2: Explore Diversification

As you’re building a portfolio, consider diversification. Diversification involves spreading your investments across different asset classes, such as stocks, bonds, and real estate investment trusts (REITs). One way twentysomethings might diversify their portfolios is by investing in mutual funds or exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Mutual funds are pooled investments typically in stocks or bonds, and they trade once per day at the end of the day. ETFs are baskets of securities that trade on a public exchange and trade throughout the day.

You may be able to invest in mutual funds or ETFs through your 401(k) or IRA. Or you could open a brokerage account to begin investing in them.

Strategy 3: Consider Your Approach and Comfort Level

As mentioned, the younger an individual is, the more time they may have to recover from any losses or market downturns. Deciding what kind of approach they want to take at this stage could be helpful.

For instance, one approach involves designating a larger portion of investments to growth funds, mutual funds or ETFs that reflect a more aggressive investing style, but it’s very important to understand that this also involves higher risk. You may feel that a more conservative approach that’s less risky suits you better. What you choose to do is fully up to you. Weigh the options and decide what makes sense for you.

Investing in Your 30s

Once you’re in your 30s, you may have advanced in your career and started earning more money. However, at this stage of life you may also be starting a family, and you likely have financial obligations such as a mortgage, a car loan, and paying for childcare. Plus, you’re probably still paying off your student loans. Still, despite these expenses, contributing to your retirement should be a top priority. Here are some ways to do that.

Strategy 1: Maximize Your Contributions

Now that you’re earning more, this is the time to max out your 401(k) or IRA if you can, which could help you save more for retirement. In 2025, you can contribute up to $23,500 in a 401(k) and up to $7,000 in an IRA. In 2026, you can contribute up to $24,500 in a 401(k) and up to $7,500 in an IRA. (Note: If you or your spouse have a 401(k), your ability to deduct traditional IRA contributions may be limited once your income passes certain thresholds.) If you have a Roth IRA, there are income limits you need to meet to be eligible to contribute the full amount, which is one thing to consider when choosing between a Roth IRA vs. a traditional IRA.

Strategy 2: Consider Adding Fixed-Income Assets to the Mix

While you can likely still afford some risk since you have several decades to recover from downturns or losses, you may also want to add some fixed-income assets like bonds or bond funds to your portfolio to help counterbalance the risk of growth funds and give yourself a cushion against potential market volatility. For example, an investor in their 30s might want 20% to 30% of their portfolio to be bonds. But, of course, you’ll want to determine what specific allocation makes the most sense for your particular situation.

Strategy 3: Get Your Other Financial Goals On Track

While saving for retirement is crucial, you should also make sure that your overall financial situation is stable. That means paying off your debts, especially high-interest debt like credit cards, so that it doesn’t continue to accrue interest. In addition, build up your emergency fund with enough money to tide you over for at least three to six months in case of a financial setback, such as a major medical expense or getting laid off from your job. And finally, make sure you have enough funds to cover your regular expenses, such as your mortgage payment and insurance.

Investing in Your 40s

You may be in — or approaching — your peak earning years now. At the same time, you likely have more expenses, as well, such as putting away money for your children’s college education, and saving up for a bigger house. Fortunately, you probably have at least 20 years before retirement, so there is still time to help build your nest egg. Consider these steps:

Strategy 1: Review Your Progress

According to one rule of thumb, by your 40s, you should have 3x the amount of your salary saved for retirement. This is just a guideline, but it gives you an idea of what you may need. Another popular guideline is the 80% rule of aiming to save at least 80% of your pre-retirement income. And finally, there is the 4% rule that says you can take your projected annual retirement expenses and divide them by 4% (0.04) to get an estimate of how much money you’ll need for retirement.

These are all rough targets, but they give you a benchmark to compare your current retirement savings to. Then, you can make adjustments as needed.

Strategy 2: Get Financial Advice

If you haven’t done much in terms of investing up until this point, it’s not too late to start. Seeking help from financial advisors and other professionals may help you establish a financial plan and set short-term and long-term financial goals.

Even for those who have started saving, meeting with a financial specialist could be useful if you have questions or need help mapping out your next steps or sticking to your overall strategy.

Strategy 3: Focus on the Your Goals

Since they might have another 20-plus years in the market before retirement, some individuals may choose to keep a portion of their portfolio allocated to stocks now. But of course, it’s also important to be careful and not take too much risk. For instance, while nothing is guaranteed and there is always risk involved, you might feel more comfortable in your 40s choosing investments that have a proven track record of returns.

Investing in Your 50s

You’re getting close to retirement age, so this is the time to buckle down and get serious about saving safely. If you’ve been a more aggressive investor in earlier decades, you’ll generally want to become more conservative about investing now. You’ll need your retirement funds in 10 years or so, and it’s vital not to do anything that might jeopardize your future. These investment strategies by age may be helpful to you in your 50s:

Strategy 1: Add Stability to Your Portfolio

One way to take a more conservative approach is to start shifting more of your portfolio to fixed-income assets like bonds or bond funds. Although these investments may result in lower returns in the short term compared to assets like stocks, they can help generate income when you begin withdrawing funds in retirement since bonds provide you with periodic interest payments.

You may also want to consider lower-risk investments like money market funds at this stage of your investment life.

Strategy 2: Take Advantage of Catch-up Contributions

Starting at age 50, you become eligible to make catch-up contributions to your 401(k) or IRA. In 2025, you can contribute an additional $7,500 to your 401(k) for a total contribution of $31,000. In 2026, you can contribute an extra $8,000 for a total contribution of $32,500.

In 2025, the catch-up contribution for an IRA is an additional $1,000 for a total maximum contribution of $8,000. In 2026, you can contribute an extra $1,100 for a total of $8,600.This allows you to stash away even more money for retirement.

Strategy 3: Consider Downsizing

Your kids may be out of the house now, which can make it the ideal time to cut back on some major expenses in order to save more. You might want to move into a smaller home, for instance, or get rid of an extra car you no longer need.

Think about what you want your retirement lifestyle to look like — lots of travel, more time for hobbies, starting a small business, or whatever it might be — and plan accordingly. By cutting back on some expenses now, you may be able to save more for your future pastimes.

Investing in Your 60s

Retirement is fast approaching, but that doesn’t mean it’s time to pull back on your investing. Every little bit you can continue to save and invest now can help build your nest egg. Remember, your retirement savings may need to last you for 30 years or even longer. Here are some strategies that may help you accumulate the money you need.

Strategy 1: Get the Most Out of Social Security

The average retirement age in the U.S. is 65 for men and 63 for women. But you may decide you want to work for longer than that. Waiting to retire can pay off in terms of Social Security benefits. The longer you wait, the bigger your monthly benefit will be.

The earliest you can start receiving Social Security Benefits is age 62, but your benefits will be reduced by as much as 30% if you take them that early. If you wait until your full retirement age, which is 67 for those born in 1960 or later, you can begin receiving full benefits.

However, if you wait until age 70 by working longer or working part time, say, the size of your benefits will increase substantially. Typically, for each additional year you wait to claim your benefits up to age 70, your benefits will grow by 8%.

Strategy 2: Review Your Asset Allocation

Just before and during retirement, it’s important to make sure your portfolio has enough assets such as bonds and dividend-paying stocks so that you’ll have income coming in. You’ll also want to stash away some cash for unexpected expenses that might pop up in the short term; you could put that money in your emergency fund.

Some individuals in their 60s may choose to keep some stocks with growth potential in their asset allocation as a way to potentially avoid outliving their savings and preserve their spending power. Overall, people at this stage of life may want to continue the more conservative approach to investing they started in their 50s, and not choose anything too aggressive or risky.

Strategy 3: Keep investing in your 401(k) as long as you’re still working.

If you can, max out your 401(k), including catch-up contributions, in your 60s to sock away as much as possible for retirement. In 2025 and 2026, those aged 60 to 63 can take advantage of an extra catch-up provision, thanks to SECURE 2.0: In 2025, they can contribute an additional $11,250 for a total of $34,750; in 2026, they can also contribute an extra $11,250 for a total of $35,750.

Also, you can continue to contribute to any IRAs you may have — up to the limit allowed by the IRS, which is $8,000 in 2025 and $8,600 in 2026, including catch-up contributions. Just keep in mind that if your or your souse is covered by a workplace 401(k), you can only contribute pre-tax dollars if you stay under certain income thresholds. 

The Takeaway

Investing for retirement should be a priority throughout your adult life, starting in your 20s. The sooner you begin, the more time you’ll have to save. And while it’s never too late to start investing for retirement, focusing on investment strategies by age, and changing your approach accordingly, can generally help you reach your financial goals.

For instance, in your 20s and 30s you can typically be more aggressive since you have time to make up for any downturns or losses. But as you get closer to retirement in your 40s, 50s, and 60s, your investment strategy should shift and take on a more conservative approach. Like your age, your investment strategy should adjust across the decades to help you live comfortably and enjoyably in your golden years.

Invest in what matters most to you with SoFi Active Invest. In a self-directed account provided by SoFi Securities, you can trade stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, options, and more — all while paying $0 commission on every trade. Other fees may apply. Whether you want to trade after-hours or manage your portfolio using real-time stock insights and analyst ratings, you can invest your way in SoFi's easy-to-use mobile app.


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Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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Guide to Cash Balance Pension Plans

Guide to Cash Balance Pension Plans

A cash balance pension plan is a defined benefit plan that offers employees a stated amount at retirement. The amount of money an employee receives can be determined by their years of service with the company and their salary. Employers may offer a cash balance retirement plan alongside a 401(k) or in place of one.

If you have a cash balance plan at work, it’s important to know how to make the most of it when preparing for retirement. Read on to learn more about what a cash balance pension plan is and the pros and cons.

What Are Cash Balance Pension Plans?

A cash balance pension plan is a defined benefit plan that incorporates certain features of defined contribution plans. Defined benefit plans offer employees a certain amount of money in retirement, based on the number of years they work for a particular employer and their highest earnings. Defined contribution plans, on the other hand, offer a benefit that’s based on employee contributions and employer matching contributions, if those are offered.

In a cash balance plan, the benefit amount is determined based on a formula that uses pay and interest credits. This is characteristic of many employer-sponsored pension plans. Once an employee retires, they can receive the benefit defined by the plan in a lump sum payment.

This lump sum can be rolled over into an individual retirement account (IRA) or another employer’s plan if the employee is changing jobs, rather than retiring. Alternatively, the plan may offer the option to receive payments as an annuity based on their account balance.

How Cash Balance Pension Plans Work

Cash balance pension plans are qualified retirement plans, meaning they’re employer-sponsored and eligible for preferential tax treatment under the Internal Revenue Code. In a typical cash balance retirement plan arrangement, each employee has an account that’s funded by contributions from the employer. There are two types of contributions:

•   Pay credit: This is a set percentage of the employee’s compensation that’s paid into the account each year.

•   Interest credit: This is an interest payment that’s paid out based on an underlying index rate, which may be fixed or variable.

Fluctuations in the value of a cash pension plan’s investments don’t affect the amount of benefits paid out to employees. This means that only the employer bears the investment risk.

Here’s an example of how a cash balance pension works: Say you have a cash balance retirement plan at work. Your employer offers a 5% annual pay credit. If you make $120,000 a year, this credit would be worth $6,000 a year. The plan also earns an interest credit of 5% a year, which is a fixed rate.

Your account balance would increase year over year, based on the underlying pay credits and interest credits posted to the account. The formula for calculating your balance would look like this:

Annual Benefit = (Compensation x Pay Credit) + (Account Balance x Interest Credit)

Now, say your beginning account balance is $100,000. Here’s how much you’d have if you apply this formula:

($120,000 x 0.05) + ($100,000 x 1.05) = $111,000

Cash balance plans are designed to provide a guaranteed source of income in retirement, either as a lump sum or annuity payments. The balance that you’re eligible to receive from one of these plans is determined by the number of years you work, your wages, the pay credit, and the interest credit.

Cash Balance Plan vs 401(k)

Cash balance plans and 401(k) plans offer two different retirement plan options. It’s possible to have both of these plans through your employer or only one.

In terms of how they’re described, a cash balance pension is a defined benefit plan while a 401(k) plan is a defined contribution plan. Here’s an overview of how they compare:

Cash Balance Plan

401(k)

Funded By Employer contributions Employee contributions (employer matching contributions are optional)
Investment Options Employers choose plan investments and shoulder all of the risk Employees can select their own investments, based on what’s offered by the plan, and shoulder all of the risk
Returns Account balance at retirement is determined by years of service, earnings, pay credit, and interest credit Account balance at retirement is determined by contribution amounts and investment returns on those contributions
Distributions Cash balance plans must offer employees the option of receiving a lifetime annuity; can also be a lump sum distribution Qualified withdrawals may begin at age 59 ½; plans may offer in-service loans and/or hardship withdrawals

Pros & Cons of Cash Balance Pension Plans

A cash balance retirement plan can offer both advantages and disadvantages when planning your retirement strategy. If you have one of these plans available at work, you may be wondering whether it’s worth it in terms of the income you may be able to enjoy once you retire.

Here’s more on the pros and cons associated with cash balance pension plans to consider when you’re choosing a retirement plan.

Pros of Cash Balance Pension Plans

A cash balance plan can offer some advantages to retirement savers, starting with a guaranteed benefit. The amount of money you can get from a cash balance pension isn’t dependent on market returns, so there’s little risk to you in terms of incurring losses. As long as you’re still working for your employer and earning wages, you’ll continue getting pay credits and interest credits toward your balance.

From a tax perspective, employers may appreciate the tax-deductible nature of cash balance plan contributions. As the employee, you’ll pay taxes on distributions but tax is deferred until you withdraw money from the plan.

As for contribution limits, cash balance plans allow for higher limits compared to a 401(k) or a similar plan. For 2025, the maximum annual benefit allowed for one of these plans is $280,000. For 2026, the maximum annual benefit allowed is $290,000.

When you’re ready to retire, you can choose from a lump sum payment or a lifetime annuity. A lifetime annuity may be preferable if you’re looking to get guaranteed income for the entirety of your retirement. You also have some reassurance that you’ll get your money, as cash balance pension plans are guaranteed by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC). A 401(k) plan, on the other hand, is not.

Cons of Cash Balance Pension Plans

Cash balance pension plans do have a few drawbacks to keep in mind. For one, the rate of return may not be as high as what you could get by investing in a 401(k). Again, however, you’re not assuming any risk with a cash balance plan so there’s a certain trade-off you’re making.

It’s also important to consider accessibility, taxation, and fees when it comes to cash balance pension plans. If you need to borrow money in a pinch, for example, you may be able to take a loan from your 401(k) or qualify for a hardship withdrawal. Those options aren’t available with a cash balance plan. And again, any money you take from a cash balance plan would be considered part of your taxable income for retirement.

Pros Cons

•   Guaranteed benefits with no risk

•   Tax-deferred growth

•   Flexible distribution options

•   Higher contribution limits

•   Guaranteed by the PBGC

•   Investing in a 401(k) may generate higher returns

•   No option for loans or hardship withdrawals

•   Distributions are taxable

Investing for Retirement With SoFi

A cash balance retirement plan is one way to invest for retirement. It can offer a stated amount at retirement that’s based on your earnings and years of service. You can opt to receive the funds as either a lump sum or an annuity. Your employer may offer these plans alongside a 401(k) or in place of one, and there are pros and cons to each option to weigh.

If you don’t have access to either one at work, you can still start saving for retirement with an IRA. You can set aside money on a tax-advantaged basis and begin to build wealth for the long-term.

Prepare for your retirement with an individual retirement account (IRA). It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. Whether you prefer a hands-on self-directed IRA through SoFi Securities or an automated robo IRA with SoFi Wealth, you can build a portfolio to help support your long-term goals while gaining access to tax-advantaged savings strategies.

Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Is a cash balance plan worth it?

A cash balance plan can be a nice addition to your retirement strategy if you’re looking for a source of guaranteed income. Cash balance plans can amplify your savings if you’re also contributing to a 401(k) at work or an IRA.

Is a cash balance plan the same as a pension?

A cash balance plan is a type of defined benefit plan or pension plan, in which your benefit amount is based on your earnings and years of service. This is different from a 401(k) plan, in which your benefit amount is determined by how much you (and possibly your employer) contribute and the returns on those contributions.

Can you withdraw from a cash balance plan?

You can withdraw money from a cash balance plan in a lump sum or a lifetime annuity once you retire. You also have the option to roll cash balance plan funds over to an IRA or to a new employer’s qualified plan if you change jobs.


About the author

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake

Rebecca Lake has been a finance writer for nearly a decade, specializing in personal finance, investing, and small business. She is a contributor at Forbes Advisor, SmartAsset, Investopedia, The Balance, MyBankTracker, MoneyRates and CreditCards.com. Read full bio.



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INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

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