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How to Save for Retirement

Between paying for your regular expenses including groceries, rent or mortgage, student loans, and bills, it can seem nearly impossible to find a few dollars left over for saving for retirement — especially when that might be decades away. However, building up a nest egg isn’t just important, it’s urgent. The sooner you start, the more financially secure you should be by the time retirement rolls around.

So, how to save for retirement? Finding a solid retirement plan to suit your needs may be easier than you think. Here are 10 ways to save for retirement to help make those golden years feel, well, golden.

This article is part of SoFi’s Retirement Planning Guide, our coverage of all the steps you need to create a successful retirement plan.


money management guide for beginners

Assess Your Retirement Goals and Needs

When it comes to saving for retirement, first do an inventory of your current financial situation. This includes your income, savings, and investments, as well as your expenses and debts. That way you’ll know how much you have now.

Next, figure out what you want your retirement to look like. Are you wondering how to retire early? Do you plan to travel? Move to a different location? Pursue hobbies like tennis, golf, or biking? Go back to school? Start a business?

You may not be able to answer these questions quickly or easily, but it’s important to think about them to determine your retirement goals. Deciding what you want your lifestyle to look like is key because it will affect how much money you’ll need for retirement saving.

💡 Quick Tip: Before opening an investment account, know your investment objectives, time horizon, and risk tolerance. These fundamentals will help keep your strategy on track and with the aim of meeting your goals.

Determine How Much You’ll Need to Retire

Now the big question: How much money will it take for you to retire comfortably? You may also be wondering, when can I retire? There are several retirement savings formulas that can help you estimate the amount of your nest egg. And there are various calculators that can help generate an estimate as well.

While using a ballpark figure may not sound scientific, it’s a good exercise that can help lay the foundation for the amount you want to save. And it may inspire you to save more, or rethink your investment strategy thus far.

As an example, you can use the following basic formula to gauge the amount you might need to save, assuming your retirement expenses are similar to your present ones. Start with your current annual income, subtract your estimated annual Social Security benefits, and divide by 0.04.

Example

Let’s say your income today is $100,000, and you went on the Social Security website using your MySSA account (the digital dashboard for benefits) to find out what your monthly benefits are likely to be when you retire: $2,000 per month, or $24,000 per year.

$100,000 – $24,000 = $76,000 / 0.04 = $1.9 million

That’s the target amount of retirement savings you would need, theoretically, to cover your expenses based on current levels. Bear in mind, however, that you may not need to replace 100% of your current income, as your expenses in retirement could be lower. And you may even be contemplating working after retirement. But this is one way to start doing the math.

10 Ways to Save For Retirement

So, how to save money for retirement? Consider the following 10 options part of your retirement savings toolkit.

1. Leverage the Power of Time

Giving your money as much time to grow as you possibly can is one of the most important ways to boost retirement savings. The reason: Compounding returns.

Let’s say you invest $500 in a mutual fund in your retirement account, and in a year the fund gained 5%. Now you would have $525 (minus any investment or account fees). While there are no guarantees that the money would continue to gain 5% every year — investments can also lose money — historically, the average stock market return of the S&P 500 is about 10% per year.

That might mean 0% one year, 10% another year, 3% the year after, and so on. But over time your principal would likely continue to grow, and the earnings on that principal would also grow. That’s compound growth.

2. Create and Stick to a Budget

Another important step in saving for retirement is to create a budget and stick to it. Calculating your own monthly budget can be simple — just follow these steps.

•   Gather your documents. Gather up all your bills including credit cards, loans, mortgage or rent, so that you can document every penny coming out of your pocket each month.

•   List all of your income. Find your pay stubs and add up any extra cash you make on the side using your after-tax take-home pay.

•   List all of your current savings. From here, you can see how far you have to go until you reach your retirement goals.

•   Calculate your retirement spending. Decide how much money you need to live comfortably in retirement so that you can establish a retirement budget. If you’re unsure of what your ideal retirement number is, plug your numbers into the formula mentioned above, or use a retirement calculator to get a better idea of what your retirement budget will be.

•   Adjust accordingly. Every few months take a look at your budget and make sure you’re staying on track. If a new bill comes up, an expensive life event occurs, or if you gain new income, adjust your budgets and keep saving what you can.

3. Take Advantage of Employer-Sponsored Retirement Plans

Preparing for retirement should begin the moment you start your first job — or any job that offers a company retirement plan. There are many advantages to contributing to a 401(k) program (if you work at a for-profit company) or a 403(b) plan (if you work for a nonprofit), or a 457(b) plan (if you work for the government).

In many cases, your employer can automatically deduct your contributions from your paycheck, so you don’t have to think about it. This can help you save more, effortlessly. And in some cases your employer may offer a matching contribution: e.g. up to 3% of the amount you save.

Starting a 401(k) savings program early in life can really add up in the future thanks to compound growth over time. In addition, starting earlier can help your portfolio weather changes in the market.

On the other hand, if you happen to start your retirement savings plan later in life, you can always take advantage of catch-up contributions that go beyond the 2025 annual contribution limit of $23,500 and the 2026 annual contribution limit of $24,500. Individuals 50 and older are allowed to contribute an additional $7,500 to a 401(k) in 2025 and $8,000 in 2026 to help them save a bit more before hitting retirement age. Those aged 60 to 63 may contribute an additional $11,250 in 2025 and 2026 (instead of $7,500 and $8,000, respectively) thanks to SECURE 2.0.

If you have a 403(b) retirement plan, it’s similar to a 401(k) in terms of the contribution limit and automatic deductions from your paycheck. Your employer may or may not match your contributions. However, the range of investment options you have to choose from may be more limited than those offered in a 401(k).

With a 457(b) plan, the contribution limit is similar to that of a 403(b). But employers don’t have to provide matching contributions for a 457(b) plan, and again, the investment options may be narrower than the options in a 401(k).

4. Add an Individual Retirement Account (IRA) to the Mix

Another strategy for how to save for retirement, especially if you’re one of the many freelancers or contract workers in the American workforce, is to open an IRA account.

Like a 401(k), an IRA allows you to put away money for your retirement. However, the maximum contribution you can put into your IRA caps at $7,000 ($8,000 for those 50 and older) in 2025, and $7,500 ($8,600 for those 50-plus) in 2026.

Both the traditional IRA and 401(k) offer tax-deductible contributions. Roth IRAs are another option: With a Roth IRA, your contributions are taxed, which means your withdrawals in retirement will be tax free.

You control your IRA, not a larger company, so you can decide which financial institution you want to go with, how much you want to contribute each month, how to invest your money, and if you want to go Roth or traditional.

For those who can afford to invest money in both an IRA and a 401(k), and who meet the necessary criteria, that’s also an option that can boost retirement savings.

5. Deal With Debt

Should you save for retirement or pay off debt? And, more specifically, if you’re dealing with student loans, you may be wondering, should I save for retirement or pay off student loans? That is a financial conundrum for modern times. A good solution to this problem is to do both.

Just as it can be helpful to create a budget and stick to it, it can be helpful to create a loan repayment plan as well. Add those payments to your monthly budgeting expenses and if you still have dollars left over after accounting for all your bills, start socking that away for retirement.

If your student loan debt feels out of control, as it does for many Americans, you may want to look into student loan refinancing. By refinancing your student loan, you could significantly lower your interest rate and potentially pay off your debt faster. Once the loan is paid off, you will be able to reallocate that money to save for retirement.

6. Add Income With a Side Hustle

Working a side gig in your spare time can seriously pay off in the future, especially when you consider that the average side hustle can bring in several hundred dollars a month, according to one survey.

There are several things to consider when thinking of adding an extra job to your résumé, including evaluating what you’re willing to give up in order to make time for more work. But, if you can put your skills to use — such as copy editing, photography, design, or consulting — you can think about this as less of a side hustle and more of a way to hone your client list.

A side hustle should be one way to save for retirement that you’ll enjoy doing. And it could help if you find yourself dealing with a higher cost of living and retirement at some point.

7. Consider Putting Your Money in the Market

There’s no one best way to save for retirement — sometimes a multi-pronged approach can work best. If you already have a budget and an emergency savings account, and you’re maxing out your contributions to your 401(k), 403(b), 457, or IRA, then investing in the market could be another way to diversify your portfolio and potentially help build your nest egg. For instance, historically, stocks have been proven to be one of the best ways to help build wealth.

Putting your money in the market means you’ll have a variety of options to choose from. There are stocks, of course, but also mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, and even real estate investment trusts (REITs), which pool investor assets to purchase or finance a portfolio of properties.

However, investing in any of these assets, and in the market in general, comes with risk. So you’ll want to keep that in mind as you choose what to invest in. Consider what your risk tolerance is, how much you’re investing, when you’ll need the money, and how you might diversify your portfolio. Carefully weighing your priorities, needs, and comfort level, can help you make informed selections.

Once you have your asset allocation, be sure to evaluate it, and possibly rebalance it, to stay in line with your goals each year.

8. Automate Your Savings

Setting up automated savings accounts takes the thought and effort out of saving your money because it happens automatically. It could also help you hit your financial goals faster, because you don’t have to decide to save (or agonize over giving in to a spending temptation) and then do the manual work of putting the money into an account. It just happens like clockwork.

Enrolling in a 401(k), 403(b), or 457 at work is one way to automate savings for retirement. Another way to do it is to set up direct deposit for your paychecks. You could even choose to have a portion of your pay deposited into a high-interest savings account to help increase your returns.

9. Downsize and Cut Costs

To help save more and spend less, pull out that monthly budget you created. When you look at your current bills vs. income, how much is left over for retirement savings? Are there areas you can be spending less, such as getting rid of an expensive gym membership or streaming service, dialing back your takeout habit, or shopping a bit less?

This is when you need to be very honest with yourself and decide what you’re willing to give up to help you hit that target retirement number. Finding little ways to save for retirement can have a big impact down the road.

10. Take Advantage of Catch-Up Contributions

If you’re getting closer to retirement and you haven’t started saving yet, it’s not too late! In fact, the government allows catch-up contributions for those age 50 and older.

A catch-up contribution is a contribution to a retirement savings account that is made beyond the regular contribution maximum. Catch-up contributions can be made on either a pre-tax or after-tax basis.

For 2025, catch-up contributions of up to $7,500 are permitted on a 401(k), 403(b), or 457(b). Those age 60 to 63 may contribute an additional $11,250 (instead of $7,500). For 2026, catch-up contributions of up to $8,000 are permitted; those age 60 to 63 may contribute an additional $11,250 (instead of $8,000).

Under a new law that went into effect on January 1, 2026 (as part of SECURE 2.0), individuals aged 50 and older who earned more than $150,000 in FICA wages in 2025 are required to put their 401(k), 403(b), or 457(b) catch-up contributions into a Roth account. Because of the way Roth accounts work, these individuals will pay taxes on their catch-up contributions upfront, but can make eligible withdrawals tax-free in retirement.

💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

Common Retirement Savings Mistakes to Avoid

These are some of the biggest retirement pitfalls to watch out for.

•   Not having a retirement plan in place. Neglecting to make any kind of plan means you’ll likely be unprepared for retirement and won’t have enough money for your golden years.

•   Failing to take advantage of employer-sponsored plans. If you haven’t enrolled in one of these plans, you’re potentially leaving free money on the table. Sign up for a 401(k), 403(b), or 457(b) to tap into employer-matching contributions, when available.

•   Underestimating how much money you’ll need for retirement. Financial specialists typically advise having enough savings to last you for 25 to 30 years after you retire.

•   Accumulating too much debt. Try to avoid taking on too much debt as you get closer to retirement. And work on paying down the debt you do have so you won’t be saddled with it when you retire.

•   Taking Social Security too early. It’s possible to file for Social Security at age 62, but the longer you wait (up until age 70), the higher your benefit will be — approximately 32% higher, in fact.

The Takeaway

It’s never too early to start planning for retirement. And there are many ways to start saving, and set up a system so that you’re saving steadily over time. You can contribute to a retirement plan that your employer offers; you can set up your own retirement plan (e.g. an IRA); and you can choose your own investments.

The most important thing to remember is that you have more control than you think. While your retirement vision may change over time, starting to save and invest your nest egg now will give you a head start.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Easily manage your retirement savings with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

What is the fastest way to save for retirement?

Take a two-pronged approach: First, invest as much as you can in your employer-sponsored retirement account like a 401(k). You’ll likely get some matching contributions from your employer, as well as tax advantages.

For 2025, the standard 401(k) contribution limit for employees is $23,500. Those age 50 to 59, or 64 or older, are able to contribute up to $31,000; those 60 to 63 are able to contribute up to $34,750.

For 2026, the standard 401(k) contribution limit for employees is $24,500. Those age 50 to 59, or 64 or older are able to contribute up to $32,500; those 60 to 63 are able to contribute up to $35,750.

Second, if you qualify, you can also set up and invest in a Roth IRA. For 2025, the Roth IRA contribution limit is $7,000 ($8,000 for those 50 and older). For 2026, the limit is $7,500 ($8,600 for those 50 and older). These limits may be further reduced based on your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI). 

How much do I need to save for retirement?

To estimate how much you need to save for retirement, use this retirement savings formula: Start with your current income, subtract your estimated Social Security benefits, and divide by 0.04. That’s the approximate amount of total retirement savings you’ll need, based on your current income and expenses. You can try other calculators or formulas that might indicate that you’ll need less in retirement. It all depends.

Financial professionals typically advise having enough savings for 25 to 30 years’ worth of retirement.

How do I save for retirement without a 401(k)?

If you don’t have a 401(k), you can set up another type of tax-advantaged account for retirement, such as a traditional IRA and/or a Roth IRA. With a traditional IRA, the money grows tax free and is taxed when you withdraw it during retirement.

A Roth IRA, on the other hand, doesn’t provide a tax break up front, but the funds you withdraw after age 59 ½ are tax-free, as long as you’ve had the Roth IRA account for at least five years.

What is the average monthly income for a person who is retired?

The average monthly retirement income for a person who is retired, adjusted for inflation, is $4,381, according to a 2022 U.S. Census report.

How do taxes affect retirement income?

You will need to pay taxes on any withdrawals you make from tax-deferred investments like a 401(k) or traditional IRA. You will also have to pay federal taxes on a pension, if you have one. At the state level, some states tax pensions and some don’t. Additionally, you might have to pay tax on a portion of your Social Security benefits, depending on your overall income.

How can I supplement my income in retirement?

In addition to any retirement plans and pensions you have plus Social Security, you can supplement your retirement income with such strategies as: making investments generally considered to be safe, like investing in CDs (certificate of deposit), getting a part-time job or starting a small business, or renting out any additional property you might own, such as a vacation cabin, to make some extra money.


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Guide to the Average Savings in America by Age

How much does the average American have in savings? Age tends to have a lot to do with it. Generally, as people get older, they are likely to have more savings.

But what the average person has in a savings account also depends on their financial goals and personal circumstances.

If you’re looking for a benchmark of just how much you should save by a specific age, or how much you should start contributing right now, read on for average savings by age and some tips that could help.

Key Points

•   The average savings for individuals under 35 is $20,540.

•   Individuals between the ages of 35 and 44 have an average savings of $41,540.

•   Those aged 45 to 54 have an average savings of $71,130.

•   The average savings for individuals between 55 and 64 is $72,520.

•   Individuals aged 65 and older have an average savings of $100,2500.

The Importance of Saving for the Future

Life can happen fast. For example, the average cost of having a new baby is almost $19,000, including approximately $3,000 in out-of-pocket expenses for pregnancy and delivery. And then there’s the cost of caring for a child, which some estimates put at more than $310,605 for raising them through age 17.

And, if that baby wants to get a college degree, you’re looking at a whole new realm of savings. The cost of a four-year public college education can range from about $108,584 to $182,832, according to the Education Data Initiative.

There’s one other big reason to save for the future: People are living longer. According to a 2025 survey by the Employee Benefit Research Institute, only 28% of American workers are “very confident they will be able to retire comfortably.” Thirty-two percent of workers say their lack of confidence is because they have less than $25,000 in savings and investments.

Fortunately, the concept of saving for the future seems to be resonating with people at younger ages. According to the SoFi 2024 Retirement Survey, more than half (51%) of respondents started saving for retirement before age 35, with many of that group starting by age 25.

Age-People-Start-Saving-for-Retirement
Source: SoFi 2024 Retirement Survey

A Savings Shortfall

Still, Americans’ savings strategy has a way to go. More than half of Americans can’t cover an unexpected $1,000 expense, according to Bankrate’s 2025 emergency savings report. Only 41% say they could cover it.

And 37% of all Americans don’t have enough cash in savings to cover even a $400 emergency, the Federal Reserve found in its “Economic Well-Being of U.S. Households in 2024” report.

Average Savings by Age in the USA

The Federal Reserve’s latest (2022) Survey of Consumer Finances shows that the typical American household has an average savings balance of $62,410.

But average savings varies greatly by age and number of people in a household. Here’s what savings by age looks like.

Average Savings for Those 35 and Younger

Americans under the age of 35 had an average savings account balance of $20,540, according to the Fed’s survey.

This is a large age bracket that can range from those just graduating high school to recent college grads to young professionals well into a decade’s worth of work.

It’s wise to have three to six months of expenses in an emergency fund. At the very least, aiming to have $1,000 handy in a savings account for unexpected expenses is recommended.

Use our emergency fund calculator to see how much you should ideally have stashed away.

For those who have started their careers, employer-sponsored retirement funds such as a 401(k) plan can be good options to start saving for long-term retirement goals.

It makes sense to contribute at least enough to get matching funds from an employer, if that’s an option with your company’s plan. For reference, the average 401(k) savings for those ages 25 to 34 is $42,640, according to Vanguard’s “How America Saves 2025” report.

Recommended: Why You Should Start Retirement Planning in Your 20s

Average Savings by Age: 35 to 44

Americans ages 35 to 44 had an average savings account balance of $41,540, according to the Federal Reserve survey. Those in this age bracket are now well into adulthood. At this stage of life, it’s prudent to have that three-to six-months’ worth of savings in an emergency fund, to cover the cost of everything from an accident to a lost job.

This may also be the time to think about diversifying a financial portfolio and possibly investing in the stock or bond market.

And, of course, keep contributing to your 401(k). For reference, the average 401(k) savings for those ages 35 to 44 is $103,552, according to the Vanguard report.

Average Savings by Age: 45 to 54

People ages 45 to 54 had an average savings account balance of $71,130, according to the Fed’s survey.

At this point, general financial advice dictates that a 50-year-old should have at least six times their annual salary if their intention is to retire at 67.

Those in this age group have an average 401(k) savings of $188,643.

Average Savings by Age: 55 to 64

The Fed survey found that Americans ages 55 to 64 had an average savings account balance of $72,520.

Since this is the time when most Americans are staring down retirement in a few years, it’s generally a good idea to boost retirement savings into high gear.

That’s because while younger people in 2025 are capped at contributing $23,500 a year to a 401(k) account, those age 50 and up are allowed to contribute an additional $7,500.This is known as a catch-up contribution. Also for 2026, those under age 50 can contribute up to $24,500, and those 50 and up can contribute an additional $8,000. And those aged 60 to 63 may again contribute an additional $11,250 instead of $8,000.

Under a new law that went into effect on January 1, 2026 (as part of SECURE 2.0), individuals aged 50 and older who earned more than $150,000 in FICA wages in 2025 are required to put their 401(k) catch-up contributions into a Roth 401(k) account. With Roth accounts, individuals pay taxes on contributions upfront, but can make qualified withdrawals tax-free in retirement.

The average retirement savings account for a person aged 55 to 64 is $271,230. It’s important to note that taking a withdrawal from such a plan before the age of 59 ½ could mean paying taxes and penalties.

Average Savings by Age: 65 and Older

This is when savings really peaks for the average American. The latest Federal Reserve Survey of Consumer Finances found that Americans ages 65 to 74 had an average savings account balance of $100,250.

However, that savings number does drop over time. According to the survey, Americans ages 75 and up had an average savings account balance of $82,800.

This underscores the importance of creating a retirement budget and sticking to it in order to have enough savings for as long as needed.

But before retirement, try to hit the average retirement savings amount for those ages 65 and up, which is $299,442.

This chart offers an at-a-glance comparison of the average American savings by age.

Age

Average savings

Under 35 $20,540
35-44 $41,540
45-54 $71,130
55-64 $72,520
65+ $100,250

Median Savings by Age

Median savings is different from average savings. The median is the number in the middle of all the other numbers, meaning half the numbers are higher and half are lower. So with median savings, half the people in an age category will have saved more and half will have saved less.

These are the median savings by age, according to the latest Federal Reserve Survey of Consumer Finances:

•   Under 35: $5,400

•   35-44: $7,500

•   45-54: $8,700

•   55-64: $8,000

•   65-74: $13,400

Savings vs Retirement Savings

What Americans have saved for emergencies, expenses, and other near-future goals is different from what they have in their retirement savings accounts, as you can see from all the information above. It’s critical to have both types of savings at the same time.

And keep this in mind: As you get older, and closer to retirement, it’s important that your retirement savings grow even more. It’s a good idea to contribute the maximum amount allowed to your retirement accounts at this time, if you can. This is one of the ways to save for retirement.

Saving a Little Bit More

Reaching specific savings goals doesn’t have to be complicated. It just means doing a bit of homework, strategizing, and staying diligent about personal finances.

The first step in saving more is to analyze current expenses to see what can be cut back on or cut out altogether to make more room for saving. This means creating a personal budget and tracking current spending.

To track spending, a person could create an excel spreadsheet and list all expenditures by categories like groceries, phone bill, car expenses, housing, medical, entertainment and others over the course of a month, filling it in with every single dollar spent to see where the money is going. Or you can use an online tracker like SoFi’s tracker, which allows users to connect all their accounts to one dashboard and track spending habits in real time.

After the month is up, the next step is to look back on the expenditures list. Was there anything that surprised you? Do you need all those streaming subscriptions? How about that gym membership — did it actually get used? This is the time to get a little ruthless.

After figuring out what’s left, try implementing a general budget outline like the 50/30/20 rule. This means that approximately 50% of your after-tax income goes toward essential expenses like food and rent, while 30% goes toward discretionary expenses like nights out at the movies or concerts. The last 20% belongs to savings and retirement account goals.

Next, it’s time to get creative about saving even more for the future. This can be done by putting more cash into a high-yield savings account via direct deposit right from a paycheck.

Those looking to save a few more bucks every month could also do so by getting rid of unnecessary expenses. But, instead of pocketing that cash, consider using mobile banking to direct that cash right to savings.

Still feeling the pinch and don’t really have room to save more from a budget? Working part-time for, say, a ride-sharing company could allow you to set your own hours and earn extra income based on how much time you can dedicate to it. Other options might include freelance work in photography, writing, or other creative arts.

The Takeaway

Saving for goals in the near term — such as a house or a car — along with putting away money for an emergency savings fund to cover unexpected expenses, is important at every age. And so is investing in your future, including for retirement. The earlier you start saving for all your goals, the better.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.


Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy 3.30% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings with eligible direct deposit.

FAQ

How much should a 30 year old have in savings?

By age 30, you should have the equivalent of your annual salary saved. So if you make $60,000 a year, you should have $60,000 in savings.

How much money does an average person have in savings?

The average American has a savings balance of $62,410, according to the 2022 Federal Reserve Survey of Consumer Finances, which is the latest data available.

How many Americans have $100,000 in savings?

According to one 2023 survey, only 14% of Americans have at least $100,000 in savings.


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Important Retirement Contribution Limits

By saving and investing for retirement, you are working toward financial freedom — a goal worthy of your time and effort.

As you may know, there are benefits to using an account designed specifically for retirement, such as a 401(k) plan or Roth IRA.

For instance, some company retirement programs may offer an employer match. Second, these accounts are designed to hold investments over time so that investors can potentially earn compound returns.

Retirement accounts also have tax advantages. Because these accounts have special tax treatment, there’s a limit to how much money the IRS allows individuals to contribute to each of them in a given year.

These retirement contribution limits vary depending on the type of account you have. For example, 401(k) contribution limits are different from IRA contribution limits.

To build a successful long-term financial plan, you’ll likely want a solid understanding of your retirement plan options. Below is a summary of some different types of retirement accounts and their respective annual retirement contribution limits.

Key Points

•   Retirement accounts have specific annual contribution limits set by the IRS due to their special tax treatment.

•   Employee contributions to 401(k) plans are capped at $23,500 in 2025 and $24,500 in 2026.

•   Individuals aged 50 and over can make additional catch-up contributions to 401(k)s of $7,500 in 2025 and $8,000 in 2026.

•   Traditional and Roth IRA contributions are limited to $7,000 in 2025, with an extra $1,000 catch-up for those 50 and older, and $7,500 in 2026, with an extra $1,100 for those 50 and older.

•   Employer contributions to SEP IRAs are capped at the lesser of 25% of compensation or $70,000 in 2025, and $72,00 in 2026, with no catch-up options.

What Are Retirement Contribution Limits?

Ever heard someone say that they have “maxed out” their retirement account? Maxing out means contributing the total amount allowed by the IRS in a given year.

Generally, the IRS increases retirement contribution limits every few years as the cost of living increases. Many of the 2025 and 2026 contribution limits were increased from the previous year.

There are a lot of different types of retirement accounts, and each comes with its own nuances, which can make it hard to keep them straight.

This list of the account types, along with their contribution limits, will help you keep track.


401(k) Contribution Limits

A 401(k) plan is a tax-deferred retirement account that is typically offered through a person’s employer, usually as part of a benefits package. With a 401(k) plan, the employee can opt to have a certain percentage of their salary withheld from their paycheck on a pretax basis.

Individual 401(k) plans — also known as solo 401(k) plans — are available to people who are self-employed and have an employee identification number (EIN).

2025 Employee contribution limit: $23,500

2026 Employee contribution limit: $24,500

Plans may allow for catch-up contributions for employees ages 50 and over.

2025 Catch-up contribution limit: $7,500

2026 Catch-up contribution limit: $8,000

In 2025 and 2026, those aged 60 to 63 may contribute up to an additional $11,250 instead of $7,500 and $8,000, thanks to SECURE 2.0.

Under a new law that went into effect on January 1, 2026 (as part of SECURE 2.0), individuals aged 50 and older who earned more than $150,000 in FICA wages in 2025 are required to put their 401(k) catch-up contributions into a Roth 401(k) account. With Roth accounts, individuals pay taxes on contributions upfront, but can make eligible withdrawals tax-free in retirement.

Some employers may offer a company match in their 401(k) plans. A typical match would see employers match around 3% of an employee’s salary when that employee contributes 6% to the plan. The company match plan is determined by the employer.

Employer contributions to a 401(k) do not count toward the employee’s contribution limits. But instead of putting a cap on how much the employer alone can contribute, there’s a total contribution limit that includes both the employer and employee contributions.

2025 Total employer plus employee contribution limit: The lesser of 100% of the employee’s compensation or $70,000 — if the employee is eligible for the catch-up contribution, then it would be $77,500. (If the employee is eligible for the Secure 2.0 catch-up contribution, then it would be $81,250.)

2026 Total employer plus employee contribution limit: The lesser of 100% of the employee’s compensation or $72,000 — if the employee is eligible for the catch-up contribution, then it would be $80,000. (If the employee is eligible for the Secure 2.0 catch-up contribution, then it would be $83,250.)

403(b) Contribution Limits

A 403(b) plan is similar to a 401(k) but is offered to employees of public schools, nonprofit hospital workers, tax-exempt organizations, and certain ministers.

2025 Employee contribution limit: $23,500

2026 Employee contribution limit: $24,500

2025 Catch-up contribution limit: $7,500

2026 Catch-up contribution limit: $8,000

Catch-up contributions are for employees aged 50 and older. In 2025 and 2026, those aged 60 to 63 may contribute an additional $11,250 instead of $7,500 and $8,000, thanks to SECURE 2.0.

As mentioned with 401(k) plans, as of January 1, 2026, individuals aged 50 and older with FICA wages above $150,000 in 2025 are required to put their 403(b) catch-up contributions into a Roth account.

Employees of any age who have been in service for 15 or more years with the same eligible 403(b) employer can potentially contribute another $3,000. There is a $15,000 lifetime limit for the latter catch-up provision. It may be possible to qualify for both catch-up provisions; if you think you qualify, check with the plan or your CPA to be sure.

2025 Total employer plus employee contribution limit: The lesser of 100% of the employee’s compensation or $70,000 — if the employee is eligible for the catch-up contribution, then it would be $77,500. (If the employee is eligible for the Secure 2.0 catch-up contribution, then it would be $81,250.)

2026 Total employer plus employee contribution limit: The lesser of 100% of the employee’s compensation or $72,000 — if the employee is eligible for the catch-up contribution, then it would be $80,000. (If the employee is eligible for the Secure 2.0 catch-up contribution, then it would be $83,250.)

It is important to keep in mind that some 403(b) plans have mandatory employee contributions. These mandatory contributions are made by the employee, but since you do not have a choice they do not count towards the employee contribution limit. If you are part of a plan like this you might actually be able to contribute your annual contribution maximum plus the mandatory contributions.

457(b) Contribution Limits

A 457(b) plan is similar to a 401(k) plan but for governmental and certain nonprofit employees. Unlike a 401(k), there is only one contribution limit for both employer and employee.

2025 Total employer plus employee contribution: $23,500

2026 Total employer plus employee contribution: $24,500

Those in government plans who are 50 or older, may be able to make a catch-up contribution of up to $7,500 in 2025 and $8,000 in 2026; those ages 60 to 63 may be able to take the special SECURE 2.0 contribution of up to $11,250 for those years instead. As with 401(k) and 403(b) plans, under the new law that went into effect in 2026, individuals aged 50 and older with FICA wages above $150,000 in 2025 are required to put their 457(b) catch-up contributions into a Roth account. (Those in non-governmental plans do not have the option of catch-up contributions.)

If permitted by the plan, a participant who is within three years of the normal retirement age may contribute the lesser of twice the annual limit or the standard annual limit plus the amount of the limit not used in prior years.

Thrift Savings Plan (TSP) Contribution Limits

A TSP is similar to a 401(k), but for federal employees and members of the military.

2025 Employee contribution limit: $23,500

2026 Employee contribution limit: $24,500

Tax-free combat zone contributions: Military members serving in tax-free combat zones are allowed to make the full $70,000 in employee contributions for 2025, and $72,000 in 2026.

2025 Catch-up contribution limit: $7,500 (or a SECURE 2.0 contribution limit of $11,250 for those ages 60 to 63)

2026 Catch-up contribution limit: $8,000 (or a SECURE 2.0 contribution limit of $11,250 for those ages 60 to 63)

According to the “spillover” method for TSP catch-up contributions, for those eligible to make catch-up contributions, any contributions made that exceed the annual employee contribution limit will automatically count toward the catch-up contribution limit of $7,500 in 2025 and $8,000 in 2026.

Traditional IRA Contribution Limits

The traditional IRA (individual retirement account is a tax-deferred account that is set up by the individual. Unlike workplace retirement plans, IRA accounts tend to have lower contribution limits. These contribution limits are combined totals for all the traditional or Roth IRAs an individual may have .

2025 Contribution limit: $7,000

2026 Contribution limit: $7,500

2025 Catch-up contribution limit: $1,000 (for a total of $8,000 for those age 50 or over)

2026 Catch-up contribution limit: $1,100 (for a total of $8,600 for those age 50 or older)

Additionally, there are income limits for tax deductions on contributions that vary based on whether or not you are covered by a retirement plan at work.

Calculate your IRA contributions.

Use SoFi’s IRA contribution calculator to determine how much you can contribute to an IRA in 2024.


money management guide for beginners

Roth IRA Contribution Limits

Similar to a traditional IRA, a Roth IRA is set up by the individual.

Unlike tax-deferred retirement accounts, Roth IRA contributions are not tax deductible. However, you will not need to pay income taxes on qualified withdrawals. Again, these contribution limits are combined totals for the traditional and Roth IRAs an individual may have.

2025 Contribution limit: $7,000

2026 Contribution limit: $7,500

2025 Catch-up contribution limit: $1,000 (for a total of $8,000 for those age 50 or over)

2026 Catch-up contribution limit: $1,100 (for a total of $8,600 for those age 50 or older)

There are income limitations for who is able to use a Roth IRA. These limits exist on a phase-out schedule and ability to use a plan slowly tapers off until the final income cap.

Single-filer income limit: Under $165,000 for tax year 2025, and under $168,000 for tax year 2026.

Married, filing jointly income limit: under $246,000 for tax year 2025, and under $252,000 for tax year 2026.

💡 Quick Tip: Did you know that you can choose the investments in a self-directed IRA? Once you open a new IRA online and start saving, you get to decide which mutual funds, ETFs, or other investments you want — it’s totally up to you.

SEP IRA Contribution Limits

A simplified employee pension simplified employee pension (SEP) IRA is a tax-deferred retirement account for employers and self-employed individuals.

2025 Contribution limit: An employer’s contributions to an employee’s SEP IRA can’t exceed the lesser of 25% of the employee’s compensation or $70,000.

2026 Contribution limit: An employer’s contributions to an employee’s SEP IRA can’t exceed the lesser of 25% of the employee’s compensation or $72,000.

Catch-up contributions are not permitted in SEP plans.

SIMPLE IRA

A savings incentive match plan for employees [SIMPLE) IRA is a retirement savings plan for small businesses with 100 or fewer employees.

2025 Employee contribution limit: $16,500

2026 Employee contribution limit: $17,000

2025 Catch-up contribution limit: $3,500 for those age 50 and older

2026 Catch-up contribution limit: $4,000 for those age 50 and older

In 2025, those aged 60 to 63 may contribute up to an additional $5,250 instead of $3,500, due to SECURE 2.0. And in 2026, those aged 60 to 63 may contribute up to an additional $5,250 instead of $4,000.

Employer contribution limit: The employer is generally required to make up to 3% of employee contribution, or 2% of employee compensation up to $350,000 in 2025 and up to $360,000 in 2026.

Also, under a SECURE Act 2.0 provision, an employer can make an additional non-elective contribution which is the lesser of 10% of compensation or $5,000 per employee.

Maxing Out Your Retirement Contributions

If you have a 401(k), you would need to contribute $1,958.33 each month to reach the $23,500 limit for 2025 and $2,041.66 each month to reach the $24,500 limit for 2026. With IRAs, that number is $583.33 per month to reach the annual $7,000 contribution limit for 2025 and $625 each month to reach the annual contribution limit of $7,500 in 2026.

When you make pre-tax contributions to a tax-deferred account such as a 401(k), the money is entering into the account before taxes. Therefore, the difference in your post-tax paycheck might not be as drastic as you may think.

There are several tactics you can take when working to increase how much you’re contributing to your retirement plan.

But whether you increase your contribution each month, quarter, or year, you may want to consider automating the saving process. Automation removes human emotion from the equation, which may help you save.

You may also want to try to avoid massive lifestyle creep as your income increases over the years. It’s a balance to take care of both your current situation and your future situation. When you get raises or bonuses, consider allocating those funds to your retirement instead of a material purchase.

The most successful savers will likely have a strategy that focuses on earning more and cutting costs.

Opening Your Own Retirement Account

If you have a retirement account through work, contributions are taken directly from your paycheck and you can take advantage of a company match program if it’s offered.

For those without a workplace retirement plan, getting set up with an account may take slightly more initiative. Luckily, opening an account doesn’t have to be hard. An account like a traditional IRA, Roth IRA, SEP IRA, or Solo 401(k), or a general investment account, can be set up at a brokerage firm of your choosing.

Prepare for your retirement with an individual retirement account (IRA). It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. Whether you prefer a hands-on self-directed IRA through SoFi Securities or an automated robo IRA with SoFi Wealth, you can build a portfolio to help support your long-term goals while gaining access to tax-advantaged savings strategies.

Easily manage your retirement savings with a SoFi IRA.

🛈 While SoFi does not offer 401(k), 403(b), 457(b), TSP, or SIMPLE IRA plans at this time. However, we do offer Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs).

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IRA vs 401(k): What Is the Difference?

IRA vs 401(k): What Is the Difference?

The biggest difference between an IRA vs. a 401(k) is the amount you can save. You can save over three times as much in a 401(k) vs. an IRA — $23,500 versus $7,000 for tax year 2025, and $24,500 versus $7,500 for tax year 2026. But not everyone has access to a 401(k), because these are sponsored by an employer, typically for full-time employees.

“A 401(k) is probably one of the most common retirement vehicles,” says Brian Walsh, a CFP® at SoFi. “A 401(k) will be available through work. Your employer is going to choose whether or not to make a 401(k) available to all the employees. Generally speaking, 401(k)s are the most popular retirement plan employers provide.”

Other than that, a traditional IRA and a 401(k) are similar in terms of their basic provisions and tax implications. Both accounts are considered tax deferred, which means you can deduct the amount you contribute each year — unless you have a Roth account, which has a different tax benefit.

Before you decide whether one or all three types of retirement accounts might make sense for you, it helps to know all the similarities and differences between a 401(k) and a traditional IRA and Roth IRA.

Key Points

•   An IRA (Individual Retirement Account) and a 401(k) are both retirement savings accounts, but they have different features and eligibility requirements.

•   IRAs are typically opened by individuals, while 401(k)s are offered by employers to their employees.

•   IRAs offer more investment options and flexibility, while 401(k)s may have employer matching contributions and higher contribution limits.

•   Both accounts offer tax advantages, but the timing of tax benefits differs: IRAs provide tax benefits during retirement, while 401(k)s offer tax benefits upfront.

•   Choosing between an IRA and a 401(k) depends on factors like employment status, employer contributions, investment options, and personal financial goals.

How Are IRAs and 401(k)s Different?

The government wants you to prioritize saving for retirement. As a result, they provide tax incentives for IRAs vs. 401(k)s.

In that respect, a traditional IRA and a 401(k) are somewhat similar; both offer tax-deferred contributions, which may lower your taxable income, and tax-deferred investment growth. Also, you owe taxes on the money you withdraw from these accounts in retirement (or beforehand, if you take an early withdrawal).

There is a bigger difference between a Roth IRA and a 401(k). Roth accounts are funded with after-tax contributions — so they aren’t tax deductible. But they provide tax-free withdrawals in retirement.

And while you can’t withdraw the contributions you make to a traditional IRA until age 59 ½ (or incur a penalty), you can withdraw Roth contributions at any time (just not the earning or growth on your principal).

These days, you may be able to fund a Roth 401(k), if your company offers it.

Other Key Differences Between IRAs and 401(k)s

As with anything that involves finance and the tax code, these accounts can be complicated. Because there can be stiff penalties when you don’t follow the rules, it’s wise to know what you’re doing.

Who Can Set Up a 401(k)?

As noted above, a key difference between an IRA and a 401(k) is that 401(k)s are qualified employer-sponsored retirement plans. You typically only have access to these plans through an employer who offers them as part of a full-time compensation package.

In addition, your employer may choose to provide matching 401(k) funds as part of your compensation, which is typically a percentage of the amount you contribute (e.g. an employer might match 3%, dollar for dollar).

Not everyone is a full-time employee. You may be self-employed or work part-time, leaving you without access to a traditional 401(k). Fortunately, there are other options available to you, including solo 401(k) plans and opening an IRA online (individual retirement accounts).

Who Can Set Up an IRA?

Anyone can set up an individual retirement account (IRA) as long as they’re earning income. (And if you’re a non-working spouse of someone with earned income, they can set up a spousal IRA on your behalf.)

If you already have a 401(k), you can still open an IRA and contribute to both accounts. But if you or your spouse (if you’re married) are covered by a retirement plan at work, you may not be able to deduct the full amount of your IRA contributions.

Understanding RMDs

Starting at age 73 (for those who turn 72 after December 31, 2022), you must take required minimum distributions (RMDs) from your tax-deferred accounts, including: traditional IRAs, SEP and SIMPLE IRAs, and 401(k)s. Be sure to determine your minimum distribution amount, and the proper timing, so that you’re not hit with a penalty for skipping it.

It’s worth noting, though, that RMD rules don’t apply to Roth IRAs. If you have a Roth IRA, or inherit one from your spouse, the money is yours to withdraw whenever you choose. The rules change if you inherit a Roth from someone who isn’t your spouse, so consult with a professional as needed.

However, RMD rules do apply when it comes to a Roth 401(k), similar to a traditional 401(k). The main difference here, of course, is that the Roth structure still applies and withdrawals are tax free.

A Closer Look at IRAs

An IRA is an individual retirement account that has a much lower contribution limit than a 401(k) (see chart below). Anyone with earned income can open an IRA, and there are two main types of IRAs to choose from: traditional and Roth accounts.

Self-employed people can also consider opening a SEP-IRA or a SIMPLE IRA, which are tax-deferred accounts that have higher contribution limits.

Traditional IRA

Like a 401(k), contributions to a traditional IRA are tax deductible and may help lower your tax bill. In 2025, IRA contribution limits are $7,000, or $8,000 for those ages 50 or older. In 2026, IRA contribution limits are $7,500, or $8,600 for those 50 or older.

With a traditional IRA, investments inside the account grow tax-deferred. And unlike 401(k)s where an employer might offer limited options, IRAs are more flexible because they are classified as self-directed and you typically set up an IRA through a brokerage firm of your choice.

Thus it’s possible to invest in a wider range of investments in your IRA, including stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, and even real estate.

When making withdrawals at age 59 ½, you will owe income tax. As with 401(k)s, any withdrawals before then may be subject to both income tax and the 10% early withdrawal penalty.

What Are Roth Accounts?

So far, we’ve discussed traditional 401(k) and IRA accounts. But each type of retirement account also comes in a different flavor — known as a Roth.

The main difference between traditional and Roth IRAs lies in when your contributions are taxed.

•   Traditional accounts are funded with pre-tax dollars. The contributions are tax deductible and may provide an immediate tax benefit by lowering your taxable income and, as a result, your tax bill.

•   Money inside these accounts grows tax-deferred, and you owe income tax when you make withdrawals, typically when you’ve reached the age of 59 ½.

Roth accounts, on the other hand, are funded with after-tax dollars, so your deposits aren’t tax deductible. However, investments inside Roth accounts also grow tax-free, and they are not subject to income tax when withdrawals are made at or after age 59 ½.

As noted above, Roths have an additional advantage in that you can withdraw your principal at any time (but you cannot withdraw principal + earnings until you’ve had the account for at least five years, and/or you’re 59 ½ or older — often called the five-year rule).

Roth accounts may be beneficial if you anticipate being in a higher tax bracket when you retire versus the one you’re in currently. Then tax-free withdrawals may be even more valuable.

It’s possible to hold both traditional and Roth IRAs at the same time, though combined contribution limits are the same as those for traditional accounts. And those limits can’t be exceeded.

Additionally, the ability to fund a Roth IRA is subject to certain income limits: above a certain limit you can’t contribute to a Roth. There are no income limits for a designated Roth 401(k), however.

A Closer Look at a 401(k)

Contributions to your 401(k) are made with pre-tax dollars. This makes them tax-deductible, meaning the amount you save each year can lower your taxable income in the year you contribute, possibly resulting in a smaller tax bill.

In 2025, you can contribute up to $23,500 to your 401(k). If you’re 50 or older, you can also make catch-up contributions of an extra $7,500, for a total of $31,000. For 2025, those aged 60 to 63 may contribute an additional $11,250 instead of $7,500, thanks to SECURE 2.0, for a total of $34,750.

In 2026, you can contribute up to $24,500 to your 401(k), or up to $32,500 (including $8,000 extra in catch-up contributions). And again in 2026, individuals aged 60 to 63 can contribute an additional $11,250 instead of $8,000, for a total of $35,750.

Also, under a new law that went into effect on January 1, 2026 (as part of SECURE 2.0), individuals aged 50 and older who earned more than $150,000 in FICA wages in 2025 are required to put their 401(k) catch-up contributions into a Roth 401(k) account. With Roth accounts, you pay taxes on contributions upfront, but can make eligible withdrawals tax-free in retirement. Those impacted by the new law should check with their employer or plan administrator to find out how to proceed.

401(k) catch-up contributions allow people nearing retirement to boost their savings. In addition to the contributions made, an employer can also match their employee’s contribution, up to a combined employer and employee limit of $70,000 in 2025 and $72,000 in 2026.

An employer may offer a handful of investment options to choose from, such as exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, and target date mutual funds. Money invested in these options grows tax-deferred, which can help retirement investments grow faster.

When someone begins taking withdrawals from their 401(k) account at age 59 ½ (the earliest age at which you can start taking penalty-free withdrawals), those funds are subject to income tax. Any withdrawals made before 59 ½ may be subject to a 10% early withdrawal penalty, on top of the tax you owe.

When Should You Use a 401(k)?

If your employer offers a 401(k), it may be worth taking advantage of the opportunity to start contributing to your retirement savings. After all, 401(k)s have some of the highest contribution limits of any retirement plans, which means you might end up saving a lot. Here are some other instances when it may be a good idea:

1. If your employer matches your contributions

If your company matches any part of your contribution, you may want to consider at least contributing enough to get the maximum employer match. After all, this match is tantamount to free money, and it can add up over time.

2. You can afford to contribute more than you can to an IRA

For tax year 2025, you can put up to $7,000 in an IRA, but up to $23,500 in a 401(k) — if you’re 50 or over, those amounts increase to $8,000 for an IRA and $31,000 for a 401(k). And those aged 60 to 63 can contribute up to $34,750 to a 401(k), thanks to SECURE 2.0.

For tax year 2026, you can put up to $7,500 in an IRA, but up to $24,500 in a 401(k) — if you’re 50 or older, those amounts increase to $8,600 for an IRA and $32,500 for a 401(k). And again, if you’re aged 60 to 63, you can contribute up to $35,750 to a 401(k). If you’re in a position to save more than the IRA limit, that’s a good reason to take advantage of the higher limits offered by a 401(k).

3. When your income is too high

Above certain income levels, you can’t contribute to a Roth IRA. How much income is that? That’s a complicated question that is best answered by our Roth IRA calculator.

And if you or your spouse are covered by a workplace retirement plan, you may not be able to deduct IRA contributions.

If you can no longer fund a Roth, and can’t get tax deductions from a traditional IRA, it might be worth throwing your full savings power behind your 401(k).

When Should You Use an IRA?

If you can swing it, it may not hurt to fund an IRA. This is especially true if you don’t have access to a 401(k). But even if you do, IRAs can be important tools. For example:

1. When you leave your company

When you leave a job, you can rollover an old 401(k) into an IRA — and it’s generally wise to do so. It’s easy to lose track of old plans, and companies can merge or even go out of business. Then it can become a real hassle to find your money and get it out.

You can also roll the funds into your new company’s retirement plan (or stick with an IRA rollover, which may give you more control over your investment choices).

Recommended: How to Roll Over Your 401(k)

2. If your 401(k) investment choices are limited

If you have a good mix of mutual funds in your 401(k), or even some target date funds and low-fee index funds, your plan is probably fine. But, some plans have very limited investment options, or are so confusing that people can’t make a decision and end up in the default investment — a low interest money market fund.

If this is the case, you might want to limit your contributions to the amount needed to get your full employer match and put the rest in an IRA.

3. When you’re between jobs

Not every company has a 401(k), and people are not always employed. There may be times in your life when your IRA is the only option. If you have self-employment income, you can make higher contributions to a SEP IRA or a Solo 401(k) you set up for yourself.

4. If you can “double dip.”

If you have a 401(k), are eligible for a Roth IRA, or can deduct contributions to a traditional IRA, and you can afford it — it may be worth investing in both. After all, saving more now means more money — and financial security — down the line. Once again, you can check our IRA calculator to see if you can double dip. Just remember that the IRA contribution limit is for the total contributed to both a Roth and traditional IRA.

The real question is not: IRA vs. 401(k), but rather — which of these is the best place to put each year’s contributions? Both are powerful tools to help you save, and many people will use different types of accounts over their working lives.

When Should You Use Both an IRA and 401(k)?

Using an IRA and a 401(k) at the same time may be a good way to save for your retirement goals. Funding a traditional or Roth IRA and 401(k) at once can allow you to save more than you would otherwise be able to in just one account.

Bear in mind that if you or your spouse participate in a workplace retirement plan, you may not be able to deduct all of your traditional IRA contributions, depending on how high your income is.

Having both types of accounts can also provide you some flexibility in terms of drawing income when you retire. For example, you might find a 401(k) as a source of pre-tax retirement income. At the same time you might fund a Roth IRA to provide a source of after-tax income when you retire.

That way, depending on your financial and tax situation each year, you may be able to strategically make withdrawals from each account to help minimize your tax liability.

The Takeaway

Roth accounts — whether a Roth IRA or a Roth 401(k) — have a different tax treatment. You deposit after-tax funds in these types of accounts. And then you don’t pay any tax on your withdrawals in retirement.

Another difference is that a 401(k) is generally sponsored by your employer, so you’re beholden to the investment choices of the firm managing the company’s plan, and the fees they charge. By contrast, you set up an IRA yourself, so the investment options are greater — and the fees can be lower.

Generally, you can have an IRA as well as a 401(k). The rules around contribution limits, and how much you can deduct may come into play, however.

If you’re ready to open an IRA, it’s easy when you set up an Active Invest account with SoFi Invest.

Not sure what the right strategy is for you? SoFi Invest® offers educational content as well as access to financial planners. The Active Investing platform lets investors choose from an array of stocks, ETFs or fractional shares. For a limited time, funding an account gives you the opportunity to win up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice. All you have to do is open and fund a SoFi Invest account.

Opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.¹

FAQ

Is a 401(k) considered an IRA for tax purposes?

No. A 401(k) is a completely separate account than an IRA because it’s sponsored by your employer.

Is it better to have a 401(k) or an IRA?

You can save more in a 401(k), and your employer may also offer matching contributions. But an IRA often has a much wider range of investment options. It’s wise to weigh the differences, and decide which suits your situation best.

Can you roll a 401(k) Into an IRA penalty-free?

Yes. If you leave your job and want to roll over your 401(k) account into an IRA, you can do so penalty free within 60 days. If you transfer the funds and hold onto them for longer than 60 days, you will owe taxes and a penalty if you’re under 59 ½.

Can you lose money in an IRA?

Yes. You invest all the money you deposit in an IRA in different securities (i.e. stocks, bonds, mutual funds, ETFs). Ideally you’ll see some growth, but you could also see losses. There are no guarantees.


External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by emailing customer service at [email protected]. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.


¹Probability of Member receiving $1,000 is a probability of 0.026%; If you don’t make a selection in 45 days, you’ll no longer qualify for the promo. Customer must fund their account with a minimum of $50.00 to qualify. Probability percentage is subject to decrease. See full terms and conditions.

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401(k) Taxes: Rules on Withdrawals and Contributions

Employer-sponsored retirement plans like a 401(k) are a common way for workers to save for retirement. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, a little more than half of private industry employees participate in a retirement plan at work. So participants need to understand how 401(k) taxes work to take advantage of this popular retirement savings tool.

With a traditional 401(k) plan, employees can contribute a portion of their salary to an account with various investment options, including stocks, bonds, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and cash.

There are two main types of workplace 401(k) plans: a traditional 401(k) plan and a Roth 401(k). The 401(k) tax rules depend on which plan an employee participates in.

Traditional 401(k) Tax Rules

When it comes to this employer-sponsored retirement savings plan, here are key things to know about 401(k) taxes and 401(k) withdrawal tax.

Recommended: Understanding the Different Types of Retirement Plans

401(k) Contributions Are Made With Pre-tax Income

One of the biggest advantages of a 401(k) is its tax break on contributions. When you contribute to a 401(k), the money is deducted from your paycheck before taxes are taken out, which reduces your taxable income for the year. This means that you’ll pay less in income tax, which can save you a significant amount of money over time.

If you’re contributing to your company’s 401(k), each time you receive a paycheck, a self-determined portion of it is deposited into your 401(k) account before taxes are taken out, and the rest is taxed and paid to you.

For 2025, participants can contribute up to $23,500 each year to a 401(k) plan, plus $7,500 in catch-up contributions if they’re 50 or older. In 2026, participants can contribute up to $24,500 a year to a 401(k), plus $8,000 in catch-up contributions if they 50 or older.

There is also an extra catch-up provision: For 2025 and 2026, those ages 60 to 63 may contribute up to an additional $11,250 per year instead of $7,500 in 2025 and $8,000 in 2026, thanks to SECURE 2.0 — for a total of $34,750 in 2025 and $35,750 in 2026.

However, there is one important change to be aware of. Under a law regarding catch-up contributions that went into effect on January 1, 2026, individuals aged 50 and older whose FICA wages exceeded $150,000 in 2025 are required to put their 401(k) catch-up contributions into a Roth 401(k) account. Because of the way Roth accounts work, these individuals will pay taxes on their catch-up contributions upfront, but can make eligible withdrawals tax-free in retirement. (See more about Roth 401(k)s below.)

401(k) Contributions Lower Your Taxable Income

The more you contribute to your 401(k) account, the lower your taxable income is in that year (aside from the catch-up exception noted above for certain individuals). If you contribute 15% of your income to your 401(k), for instance, you’ll only owe taxes on 85% of your income.

Withdrawals From a 401(k) Account Are Taxable

When you take withdrawals from your 401(k) account in retirement, you’ll be taxed on your contributions and any earnings accrued over time.

The withdrawals count as taxable income, so during the years you withdraw funds from your 401(k) account, you will owe taxes in your retirement income tax bracket.

Early 401(k) Withdrawals Come With Taxes and Penalties

If you withdraw money from your 401(k) before age 59 ½, you’ll owe both income taxes and a 10% tax penalty on the distribution.

Although individual retirement accounts (IRAs) allow penalty-free early withdrawals for qualified first-time homebuyers and qualified higher education expenses, that is not true for 401(k) plans.

That said, if an employee leaves a company during or after the year they turn 55, they can start taking distributions from their 401(k) account without paying taxes or early withdrawal penalties.

Can you take out a loan or hardship withdrawal from your plan assets? Many plans do allow that up to a certain amount, but withdrawing money from a retirement account means you lose out on the compound growth from funds withdrawn. You will also have to pay interest (yes, to yourself) on the loan.

Roth 401(k) Tax Rules

Here are some tax rules for the Roth 401(k).

Your Roth 401(k) Contributions Are Made With After-Tax Income

When it comes to taxes, a Roth 401(k) works the opposite way of a traditional 401(k). Your contributions are post-tax, meaning you pay taxes on the money in the year you contribute.

If you have a Roth 401(k) and your company offers a 401(k) match, that matching contribution will go into a pre-tax account, which would be a traditional 401(k) account. So you would essentially have a Roth 401(k) made up of your own contributions and a traditional 401(k) of your employer’s contributions.

Recommended: How an Employer 401(k) Match Works

Roth 401(k) Contributions Do Not Lower Your Taxable Income

When you have Roth 401(k) contributions automatically deducted from your paycheck, your full paycheck amount will be taxed, and then money will be transferred to your Roth 401(k).

For instance, if you’re making $50,000 and contributing 10% to a Roth 401(k), $5,000 will be deposited into your Roth 401(k) annually, but you’ll still be taxed on the full $50,000.

Roth 401(k) Withdrawals Are Tax-Free

When you take money from your Roth 401(k) in retirement, the distributions are tax-free, including your contributions and any earnings that have accrued (as long as you’ve had the account for at least five years).

No matter what your tax bracket is in retirement, qualified withdrawals from your Roth 401(k) are not counted as taxable income.

It can also be helpful to know that, like a Roth IRA, a Roth 401(k) no longer requires participants to start taking required minimum distributions at age 73.

There Are Limits on Roth 401(k) Withdrawals

In order for a withdrawal from a Roth 401(k) to count as a qualified distribution — meaning, it won’t be taxed — an employee must be age 59 ½ or older and have held the account for at least five years.

If you make a withdrawal before this point — even if you’re age 61 but have only held the account since age 58 — the withdrawal would be considered an early, or unqualified, withdrawal. If this happens, you would owe taxes on any earnings you withdraw and could pay a 10% penalty.

Early withdrawals are prorated according to the ratio of contributions to earnings in the account. For instance, if your Roth 401(k) had $100,000 in it, made up of $70,000 in contributions and $30,000 in earnings, your early withdrawals would be made up of 70% contributions and 30% earnings. Hence, you would owe taxes and potentially penalties on 30% of your early withdrawal.

If the plan allows it, you can take a loan from your Roth 401(k), just like a traditional 401(k), and the same rules and limits apply to how much you can borrow. Any Roth 401(k) loan amount will be combined with outstanding loans from that plan or any other plan your employer maintains to determine your loan limits.

You Can Roll Roth 401(k) Money Into a Roth IRA

Money in a Roth 401(k) account can be rolled into a Roth IRA. Like an employer-sponsored Roth 401(k), a Roth IRA is funded with after-tax dollars.

It’s important to note, however, that there’s also a five-year rule for Roth IRAs: Earnings cannot be withdrawn tax- and penalty-free from a Roth IRA until five years after the account’s first contribution. If you roll a Roth 401(k) into a new Roth IRA, the five-year clock starts over at that time.

Do You Have to Pay Taxes on a 401(k) Rollover?

If you do a direct rollover of your 401(k) into an IRA or another eligible retirement account, you generally won’t have to pay taxes on the rollover. However, if you receive the funds from your 401(k) and then roll them over yourself within 60 days, you may have to pay taxes on the amount rolled over, as the IRS will treat it as a distribution from the 401(k).

Recommended: How to Roll Over Your 401(k)

Do You Have to Pay 401(k) Taxes after 59 ½?

If you have a traditional 401(k), you will generally have to pay taxes on withdrawals after age 59 ½. This is because the money you contributed to the 401(k) was not taxed when you earned it, so it’s considered income when you withdraw it in retirement.

However, if you have a Roth 401(k), you can withdraw your contributions and earnings tax-free in retirement as long as you meet certain requirements, such as being at least 59 ½ and having had the account for at least five years.

Do You Pay 401(k) Taxes on Employer Contributions?

The taxation of employer contributions to a 401(k) depends on whether the account is a traditional or Roth 401(k).

In the case of traditional 401(k) contributions, the employer contributions are not included in your taxable income for the year they are made, but you will pay taxes on them when you withdraw the funds from the 401(k) in retirement.

In the case of Roth contributions, the employer contributions are not included in a post-tax Roth 401(k) but rather in a pre-tax traditional 401(k) account. So, you do not pay taxes on the employer contributions in a Roth 401(k), but you do pay taxes on withdrawals.

How Can I Avoid 401(k) Taxes on My Withdrawal?

The only way to avoid taxes on 401(k) withdrawals is to take advantage of a Roth 401(k), as noted above. With a Roth 401(k), your contributions are made post-tax, but withdrawals are tax-free if you meet certain criteria to avoid the penalties mentioned above.

However, even if you have to pay taxes on your 401(k) withdrawals, you can take the following steps to minimize your taxes.

Consider Your Tax Bracket

Contributing to a traditional 401(k) is essentially a bet that you’ll be in a lower tax bracket in retirement — you’re choosing to forgo taxes now and pay taxes later.

Contributing to a Roth 401(k) takes the opposite approach: Pay taxes now, so you don’t have to pay taxes later. The best approach for you will depend on your income, your tax situation, and your future tax treatment expectations.

Strategize Your Account Mix

Having savings in different accounts — both pre-tax and post-tax — may offer more flexibility in retirement.

For instance, if you need to make a large purchase, such as a vacation home or a car, it may be helpful to be able to pull the income from a source that doesn’t trigger a taxable event. This might mean a retirement strategy that includes a traditional 401(k), a Roth IRA, and a taxable brokerage account.

Decide Where To Live

Eight U.S. states don’t charge individual income tax at all: Alaska, Florida, Nevada, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming. And New Hampshire only taxes interest and dividend income.

This can affect your tax planning if you live in a tax-free state now or intend to live in a tax-free state in retirement.

The Takeaway

Saving for retirement is one of the best ways to prepare for a secure future. And understanding the tax rules for 401(k) withdrawals and contributions is essential for effective retirement planning. By educating yourself on the rules and regulations surrounding 401(k) taxes, you can optimize your retirement savings and minimize your tax burden.

Another strategy to help stay on top of your retirement savings is to roll over a previous 401(k) to a rollover IRA. Then you can manage your money in one place.

SoFi makes the rollover process seamless. The process is automated so there’s no need to watch the mail for your 401(k) check — and there are no rollover fees or taxes.

Easily manage your retirement savings with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Do you get taxed on your 401(k)?

You either pay taxes on your 401(k) contributions — in the case of a Roth 401(k) — or on your traditional 401(k) withdrawals in retirement.

When can you withdraw from 401(k) tax free?

You can withdraw from a Roth 401(k) tax-free if you have had the account for at least five years and are over age 59 ½. With a traditional 401(k), withdrawals are generally subject to income tax.

How can I avoid paying taxes on my 401(k)?

You never truly avoid paying taxes on a 401(k), as you either have to pay taxes on contributions or withdrawals, depending on the type of 401(k) account. By contributing to a Roth 401(k) instead of a traditional 401(k), you can withdraw your contributions and earnings tax-free in retirement.


INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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