Guide to Student Loans for Cosmetology School

Guide to Student Loans for Cosmetology School

Cosmetology school teaches learners about the application of ingredients and chemicals of beauty products as well as how to care for clients’ hair, nails, skin, and more. Cosmetologists can study a single beauty area or specialize in a range of areas. In general, cosmetology school takes less than two years to complete, but it depends on whether you choose to attend school full- or part-time, your state requirements, and the program and school you choose to attend.

Paying for cosmetology school may involve obtaining a mix of grants, scholarships, work-study, and cosmetology loans. You may also choose to pay for school with money you’ve saved.

Read on for more information on how to pay for cosmetology school. We’ll focus on aid that must be repaid (student loans) and will also touch on other types of aid that do not need to be repaid — grants, scholarships, and work-study.

What to Consider When Choosing a School for Cosmetology

It’s a good idea to visit community colleges or cosmetology school campuses prior to choosing the right cosmetology school for you. In general, it’s a good idea to interview an admissions representative or other professional about graduation rates, loan default rate, job placement rate, and school costs. The answer to these questions can give you a good indication of the quality of the school and whether the school might be a good fit for you.

You may also want to consider whether or not you’d like to attend an accredited institution, since many good cosmetology schools choose not to become accredited. An accredited institution is one that meets specific academic and institutional requirements by an institution that offers accreditation. An accrediting body will typically take a look at facilities and staff as well as the curriculum of the school and admission requirements.

Graduation Rate

The graduation rate can tell you a lot about the satisfaction of current and past students at a particular cosmetology school.

The most recent data shows that, about 34% of full-time undergraduate students who began a certificate or associate’s degree at two-year institutions received their certificate or degree within 150% of the normal time required.

On the other hand, 14% of that same cohort had transferred to another institution within 150% of normal completion time. A total of 10% stayed enrolled in that same institution. The rest of the students in the cohort were no longer enrolled in the original institution nor were they recorded as a transfer at a different institution — a total of 42% of students.

Look for a school that offers a high retention rate, which measures the percentage of first-time students who return to the institution to continue their studies the following fall. One way to measure retention and graduation rates is to use College Navigator “>College Navigator, which offers this information about nearly 7,000 colleges and universities in the U.S.

Loan Default Rate

Consider asking about the student loan default rate for a particular institution. The loan default rate indicates whether students are successful in paying off their student loans. Specifically, the U.S. Department of Education publishes the cohort default rate (CDR) which shows how well prior students have done at repaying their student loans. You can check the Department’s cohort default rate database for specific institutions.

Why should you worry about loan default rate? It illustrates the relationship between the quality of the degree and the ability of graduates to obtain jobs that can help them pay off their loans. While a low default rate doesn’t automatically put a particular cosmetology school into the “good school” category, it’s a great metric to have at your disposal.

Job Placement Rate

Job placement rate might be one of the most important questions you can ask a particular college or university. The job placement rate is the percentage in which graduates of the program obtain job placement. Most schools survey students to obtain this data and will showcase it on their websites.

However, there’s no universal method that schools use to arrive at their numbers. That’s why it’s also a good idea to ask deeper questions when you tour cosmetology schools. Dig into whether students who graduate are employed by salons or other cosmetology-related businesses. Ask about how often they open up their own salons. Ask for admission professionals to give you examples of successful alumni and if possible, lists of where the most current graduating alumni currently work.

Also ask about exam rates, because states require students to take a licensing exam in order to be able to practice. How many students successfully pass and how many have passed in recent years?

School Costs

A cosmetology school program may cost between $5,000 to $20,000. Find out how much each school costs and learn the cost breakdown. You should be able to find this information on the school’s website, but it’s a good idea to make an appointment with the financial aid office at the institutions you’re considering to get an exact estimate of all costs as they pertain to your situation.

Furthermore, don’t forget to ask questions about how much tuition will increase over the time you’ll be at the cosmetology school and whether financial aid will match the increasing tuition.

Cosmetology Career Options

As mentioned before, cosmetology careers can encompass a wide range of career options. It’s important to study the types of programs a particular cosmetology school offers in order to make sure it matches up with your career goals. Many cosmetology programs offer full programs in hair styling, skin care, nail care, and makeup. However, many cosmetology programs also offer training in esthetics, nail technology, electrolysis, and teaching as well:

•  Esthetics: Students in this area learn to apply makeup, wax, and perform facials. They also learn how to give clients massages and perform reflexology.

•  Nail technology: Going a step beyond nail care, nail technology includes studying nail art, design, and how to implement tips, wraps, and gels.

•  Electrolysis: Learners who study electrolysis learn the art of permanent facial and body hair removal methods.

•  Teacher training: Students who want to prepare future cosmetologists may choose to enter into a teacher training program.

Cosmetology School Financing Options

The amount of financial aid you receive could be affected by whether a school chooses to become accredited or not. Schools often become accredited in order to offer Title IV government funding to cosmetology students through the U.S. Department of Education. If you attend a schools that is not accredited, you won’t be eligible for federal student aid like federal student loans.

The next sections will review information about scholarships and grants, payment plans, trade school loans, work-study programs, and federal and private student loans.

1. Scholarships and Grants

Scholarships and grants are two methods you can use to pay for college. Scholarships, which can be considered free money and don’t have to be repaid (unless there are caveats in the scholarship requirements — for example, you may be required to finish the program). They can come from a wide variety of agencies, institutions, and organizations. Know the scholarship requirements in depth before you apply. It’s also a good idea to look into a wide variety of scholarship opportunities. Opportunities can come from your cosmetology school or your community.

Grants can be awarded to students from the federal government, state government, or your cosmetology school. Most of the time, you won’t have to pay the money back. However, if you don’t finish your program or fail to fulfill some other requirement, you may have to repay all or a portion of your grant money. The U.S. Department of Education offers several federal grants, including Federal Pell Grant, Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG), and Iraq and Afghanistan Service Grants.

The American Association of Cosmetology Schools (AACS) partners with various sponsors in the beauty industry to offer scholarships and grants to help students pay for tuition at their chosen institutions.

2. Cosmetology School Payment Plans

Cosmetology schools may allow you to make incremental payments. This means that instead of paying the full tuition bill at the beginning of a new semester, you make small, likely interest-free payments as you complete each course. Students who want to pay for cosmetology school without loans may prefer this method of chopping up payments into smaller bits.

The financial aid offices at the schools on your list will have more information about how payment plans work.

3. Trade School Loans

Learners who attend trade schools can get both private and federal student loans. Federal student loans come from the federal government, while private student loans come from a bank, credit union, or other financial institution. Both types of loans must be repaid with interest, which will vary depending on the type of loan you receive.

Some private lenders offer specific loans for those attending trade schools. It’s important to look into the details before you apply for a trade school loan, such as interest rates, repayment plans, and more.

4. Work-Study Programs

The Federal Work-Study Program provides part-time jobs for students to help pay for expenses related to education. Work-study often gives students enough of a stipend to pay for small expenses such as books. As long as you are enrolled at least part-time, you may apply for a job as long as your school participates in the Federal Work-Study Program. Check with your school’s financial aid office to find out if your school participates.

Because work-study is part of a federally funded program, you must file the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) in order to qualify.

5. Federal Student Loans for Cosmetology School

The federal student loan program can offer loans for cosmetology school that come from the U.S. Department of Education through the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) Program. You may be able to tap into Direct Loans, including the Direct Subsidized Loans, Direct Unsubsidized Loans, and Direct PLUS Loans:

•  Direct Subsidized loans: Cosmetology school students who have financial need may be awarded the Direct Subsidized Loan to help pay for career school. The federal government will pay the interest while you’re in school.

•  Direct Unsubsidized loans: After filing the FAFSA, cosmetology students may want to take advantage of Direct Unsubsidized loans. This federal student loan is not based on financial need and the government does not take care of the interest while you’re in school.

•  Direct PLUS loans: Parents of undergraduate students can help pay for cosmetology students’ education with a Direct PLUS loan. Parents will have to undergo a credit check. An adverse credit history may require an additional credit check.

The interest rates of federal student loans are typically lower than that of private student loans and they offer income-driven repayment plans and other perks such as public service loan forgiveness. Keep in mind that, as mentioned, one of the federal student loan requirements is attending an accredited institution.

6. Private Student Loans for Cosmetology School

You can also obtain private student loans for cosmetology school. Private student loans for cosmetology school are different from federal student loans because they come from different organizations. However, they also diverge further from there. Private student loans may require you to make payments while you are still in school. They may have variable or fixed interest rates. Federal interest rates, on the other hand, are always fixed.

Private cosmetology school loans are not subsidized, which means that your lender doesn’t pay the interest on your loans while you’re in school. You’re usually completely responsible for paying the interest on your loans.

In addition, you must also have to have a positive credit history or a cosigner to get a private loan. You cannot consolidate your loans (turn them into one loan) like you can with a federal Direct Consolidation Loan or take advantage of loan forgiveness programs with a private student loan. Because private student loans lack the benefits offered with federal student loans, they are often considered a last-resort option.

Are student loans worth it? It’s important to remember that private student loans can fill in the gaps between scholarships, grants, your own cash, and cosmetology loans for school. Check on the student loan requirements among private student loans as well as when to apply for student loans.

Explore Private Student Loan Options With SoFi

If you decide to take advantage of your federal student loan options but still need more loans to cover your tuition bill, private student loans with SoFi may help. SoFi private student loans may be an option for certain eligible certificate programs.

SoFi offers competitive rates for qualifying borrowers as well as flexible repayment options. You also won’t pay any extra fees to get a private loan with SoFi.

Explore your cosmetology student loan options with SoFi.

FAQ

Are there student loans for cosmetology school?

Yes, you can take advantage of both federal student loans and private student loans for cosmetology school. You may also want to consider tapping into trade school loans as well. It’s worth meeting with the financial aid office at your cosmetology school in order to make the right decision about the type of loans for your particular situation.

How do you get money for cosmetology school?

In order to get money for cosmetology school, you’ll want to file the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). The FAFSA determines your eligibility for federal and institutional financial aid, including institutional scholarships, federal student loans, and grants. If you want to apply for outside scholarships, you may have to seek out and apply for independent scholarships.

How do I go to cosmetology school for free?

You may be able to get free training while still in high school. Many high schools have agreements with technical or vocational schools or community colleges that allow you to attend at no cost. Some community colleges also offer free tuition to certain students as long as they meet certain requirements.


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How to Trade the Bullish Engulfing Candlestick Pattern

Traders use the bullish engulfing candlestick pattern to identify bullish reversals. It is an impressive two-day candlestick that features a candlestick body encompassing the previous day’s body. It is important to monitor confirmation signals in subsequent periods following a bullish engulfing pattern.

A bullish engulfing pattern occurs after a downtrend has taken place. The positioning of candlesticks relative to a price trend is a critical piece of candlestick analysis. The bullish turnaround is a signal of a trend reversal.

What Is a Bullish Engulfing Pattern?

The bullish engulfing pattern is a two-candlestick pattern consisting of a large green candle body (green indicates rising prices, but colors may differ based on your chart settings) that completely overlaps the previous time period’s body. It is a sign of a trend reversal from bearish to bullish.

Bullish Engulfing

This formation is more likely to portend a reversal when it follows four or more red (red indicates falling prices) candlesticks. The bullish engulfing pattern is thought to show that the bears have lost their momentum and the bulls are ready to take charge.

Recommended: What Is a Candlestick Chart?

The candle for the first period often features a small red body while the second time period is a candlestick with a large green body, sometimes happening on high volume. The candle for the second period also features a small gap down in price, which briefly gives confidence to the bears.

The bulls quickly grab the reins and drive prices higher intraday.

As with many candlestick patterns, it is important to know where one pattern’s position is relative to the prevailing trend. A bullish engulfing pattern should happen in a downtrend. While bullish engulfing candles can certainly happen in a sideways market or uptrend, they are not seen as definitive compared to when they take place after downward price action.



💡 Quick Tip: Before opening an investment account, know your investment objectives, time horizon, and risk tolerance. These fundamentals will help keep your strategy on track and with the aim of meeting your goals.

What Does a Bullish Engulfing Pattern Tell Traders?

A bullish engulfing candlestick pattern tells traders that a price trend reversal might be happening. Placement of the bullish engulfing candle is critical: It should occur in a downtrend. The large green body demonstrates strong upward momentum — the stock (or any other asset) opens near the low of the period and rallies throughout the session to settle near the high. You can also use candlesticks over other periods such as weeks or months or even on shorter time frame charts.

In the bullish engulfing pattern the engulfing candle comes after a small red candle in which prices traded in a relatively narrow range, but still featured decidedly bearish price action. In the larger context, the bearish trend must have been in place for a significant time. This setup makes the bullish engulfing candlestick even more important as it tells the trader that a new bull market might be brewing.

While the two-day pattern is interpreted as bullish, you might still want to wait for further evidence that the trend has indeed changed. Traders often hold off on buying shares until after subsequent price action holds the bullish engulfing candle’s closing price. A bullish engulfing formation illustrates a change in sentiment from bearish to bullish.

Example of a Bullish Engulfing Pattern

An example helps display the power of a bullish engulfing candle.

Let’s say a stock fell from a high of $150 per share six months ago. A downtrend is in place. You believe the stock is a good value based on fundamental analysis but you want to wait for a bullish price trend reversal before purchasing shares.

You notice prices have been falling for five straight days, but then today’s price action had a different tone. The stock opened the prior day at $110, ranged from $107 to $111, and settled at $108. It had a red (bearish) body since the stock closed below the opening price.

Today, the stock gapped down to open at $103, dropped to $101 early, then steadily climbed on strong volume throughout the session. It notched a high of $115, then closed at $113. Since the stock closed above the opening price, the candle had a green body. It also engulfed the previous day’s body.

The bullish engulfing candle appeared at the bottom of a price trend and demonstrated an increase in buying pressure. You decide to wait for further evidence that a bottom was established and that a price uptrend is now in place. Indeed, two days after the bullish engulfing pattern, the stock held the day 2 candle’s low price.

You go long shares at $115 and place a sell stop order at $100 (below the pattern’s lowest price). You are sure to monitor support and resistance levels as the price trends higher so you can manage your position keeping risk in mind.

Recommended: 5 Bullish Indicators for a Stock

How does the Bullish Engulfing Pattern Work?

The bullish engulfing candlestick pattern works by signaling a bullish trend reversal. Let’s review the benefits and drawbacks of this important candlestick formation.

Benefits of the Bullish Engulfing Pattern

There are several advantages of bullish engulfing patterns.

In general, they are easy to spot and interpret.

Offering traders defined stop loss levels is another benefit. You can also combine other technical indicators with engulfing formations to help confirm reversals.

Finally, engulfing candlestick patterns can be used on many timeframes and across different asset classes.


💡 Quick Tip: How to manage potential risk factors in a self-directed investment account? Doing your research and employing strategies like dollar-cost averaging and diversification may help mitigate financial risk when trading stocks.

Drawbacks of the Bullish Engulfing Pattern

Technical analysis does not provide an absolute prediction, so take caution when interpreting specific patterns.

Moreover, no single indicator is a sure thing – and that goes for the bullish engulfing candlestick pattern. It might be helpful to use other technical indicators to buttress your trading thesis.

Another drawback of the bullish engulfing pattern is that you might see a bullish engulfing candle on a daily chart of a stock, but then see an equally bearish candlestick pattern on its weekly chart.

It’s also risky if the engulfing candle is so big that it leaves the trader with a potentially large stop loss if the asset price reverses lower after the pattern.

Finally, there is always the risk that a false breakout or breakdown takes place, so setting reasonable exit strategies is important.

How to Trade a Bullish Engulfing Pattern

You should analyze the existing trend and look for confirmation following a bullish engulfing candlestick. This concept is important when using technical analysis to research stocks.

For example, if a bullish engulfing day happens after many weeks of downward stock price action, then a bullish reversal might be more effective at taking shape.

Monitoring volume trends is also crucial when trading the bullish engulfing pattern. Look for high volume on the day of the engulfing candle.

Finally, it might be prudent to wait for confirmation of the bullish engulfing candlestick – that means you might buy shares of a stock the day after a bullish engulfing so long as the stock price remains above the engulfing candlestick’s low price.

As additional protection against outsize losses, sell stop order is often placed below the engulfing candle’s swing low.

The Takeaway

The bullish engulfing candlestick pattern helps traders spot potential trend reversals on a chart. The pattern is defined as a two-period candlestick pattern with a green (price rising) candlestick that closes above the previous period’s opening price after beginning the current period lower than the previous period’s close. The current day’s candle body completely overlaps the prior day’s real body.

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For a limited time, opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $1,000 in the stock of your choice.


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What Is Pre-IPO Placement?

A pre-IPO placement involves the sale of unregistered shares in a company before they’re listed on a stock exchange for the first time. A pre-IPO placement usually occurs immediately before a company goes public.

Companies typically sell pre-IPO shares to hedge funds, private equity firms and other institutional investors that can purchase them in large quantities. It’s possible, however, to get involved in pre-IPO investing as an individual retail investor.

Investing in IPOs or pre-IPO stock could be profitable, if the company’s public offering lives up to or exceeds market expectations. But it’s also risky, since you never know how a stock will perform in the future.

How Does Pre-IPO Placement Work?

An IPO, or initial public offering, is an opportunity for private companies to introduce their stock to the market for the first time. A typical IPO requires a lengthy process, as there are numerous regulatory guidelines that companies must meet.

Once those hurdles are cleared, however, the company will have a date on which it goes public. Investors can then purchase shares of the company through the stock exchange where it lists.

Pre-IPO investing works a little differently. The end goal is still to have the company go public. But before that, the company sells blocks of shares privately, based on its IPO valuation. A successful pre-IPO gives the company attention, as well as capital from investors ahead of the actual IPO date.

For the most part, pre-IPO shares are restricted to high-net-worth investors, or accredited investors, i.e. those who can afford to invest large amounts of capital, and can afford to take on a certain amount of risk. A pre-IPO placement of shares could be made without a prospectus or even a guarantee that the IPO will occur.

Individual investors typically don’t have the funds required, or the stomach for that level of risk.

In return for that measure of uncertainty Pre-IPO investors get in on the ground floor and purchase shares before they’re available to the market at large. There may also be an added incentive. Because they’re buying such large blocks of shares, pre-IPO investors may get access to them for less than the projected IPO price.


💡 Quick Tip: IPO stocks can get a lot of media hype. But savvy investors know that where there’s buzz there can also be higher-than-warranted valuations. IPO shares might spike or plunge (or both), so investing in IPOs may not be suitable for investors with short time horizons.

[ipo_launch]

An Example of Pre-IPO Placement

Pre-IPO placements have gained popularity over the last decade, with more companies opting to offer them ahead of going public. Some of the companies that have offered pre-IPO stock include Uber and Alibaba, both of which have ties to e-commerce.

Alibaba’s pre-IPO offering was notable due to the fact that a single investor and portfolio manager purchased a large block of shares. The investor, Ozi Amanat, purchased $35 million worth of pre-IPO stock at a price that was below $60 per share.

He then distributed those shares among a select group of families. By the end of the first public trading day, Alibaba’s shares had risen to $90 each. Alibaba’s IPO delivered a 48% return to those pre-IPO shareholders due to higher-than-expected demand for the company’s stock.

In Uber’s case, PayPal agreed to purchase $500 million worth of the company’s common stock ahead of its IPO. PayPal then lost a large portion of its investment when the Uber stock price fell by about 30% following its IPO.

Pros and Cons of Pre-IPO Placement

There are benefits to pre-IPOs placements, but there are also some important drawbacks that investors should understand.

Pros of Pre-IPO Placement

From the perspective of the company, pre-IPO offerings can be advantageous if they help the company to raise much-needed capital ahead of the IPO. Offering private placements of shares before going public can help attract interest to the IPO itself, which could help make it more successful.

For investors, the benefits include:

•   Access to shares of a company before the public.

•   The potential ability to purchase shares of pre-IPO stock at a discount. So if a company’s IPO price is expected to be $30 a share, pre-IPO investors may be able to purchase it for $25 instead. This already gives them an edge over investors who may be purchasing shares the day the IPO launches.

•   Purchasing shares at a discount can potentially translate to higher returns overall if the IPO meets or exceeds initial expectations. The higher the company’s stock price rises following the IPO, the more profits you could pocket by selling those shares later.

Recommended: How to Find Upcoming IPO Stocks Before Listing Day

Cons of Pre-IPO Placement

While pre-IPO investing could be lucrative, there are some potential backs to consider. Specifically, there are certain risks involved that could make it a less attractive option for investors.

•   The company’s IPO may not meet the expectations that have been set for it. That doesn’t mean a company won’t be successful later. Facebook, for example, is noteworthy for having an IPO described as a “belly flop”. A disappointing showing on the day a company goes public for the first time could shake investor confidence in the stock and bode ill for its future performance. That in turn could affect the returns realized from an investment in pre-IPO stock.

•   The company may never follow through on its IPO and fails to go public. In that case, investors may be left wondering what to do with the shares they hold through a pre-IPO private placement. WeWork is an example of this in action. In 2019, the workspace-sharing company announced that it had scrapped its plans for an IPO, thanks to limited interest from investors and concerns over the sustainability of its business model. In 2021, the company did go public — but not through an Initial Public Offering. Instead, WeWork went public through a merger with a special acquisition company or SPAC.

•   Pre-IPOs are less regulated than regular IPOs.



💡 Quick Tip: Before opening any investment account, consider what level of risk you are comfortable with. If you’re not sure, start with more conservative investments, and then adjust your portfolio as you learn more.

Summary of Pros and Cons of Pre-IPO Placement

Here’s a quick look at the benefits and drawbacks of pre-IPO placements:

Pre-IPO Private Placement Pros and Cons

Pros Cons

•   Investors have an opportunity to get into an investment ahead of the crowd

•   Pre-IPO investors may be able to purchase shares at a price that’s below the IPO price

•   Purchasing pre-IPO stock could yield higher returns if the IPO is successful

•   Pre-IPO placements can be risky, as they’re less regulated than regular IPOs

•   There are no guarantees that an IPO will deliver the type of returns investors expect

•   Does not guarantee you’ll get the loan

How to Buy Pre-IPO Stock

Typically, only accredited investors can purchase pre-IPO placements. As of 2021, the Securities and Exchange Commission defines an accredited investor as anyone who:

•   Earned income over $200,000 (or $300,000 if married) in each of the prior two years and reasonably expects to earn that same amount in the current year, OR

•   Has a net worth over $1 million, either by themselves or with a spouse, excluding the value of their primary residence, OR

•   Holds a Series 7, 65 or 82 license in good standing

If you meet these conditions for accredited investor status, then you may be able to purchase shares of pre-IPO stock through your brokerage account. Your brokerage will have to offer this service and not all of them do.

Other options for buying pre-IPO stock include purchasing it from the company directly. To do that, you may need to have a larger amount of capital at the ready. So if you’re not already an angel investor or venture capitalist, this option might be off the table.

You could also pursue pre-IPO placements indirectly by investing in companies that routinely purchase pre-IPO shares. For example, you might invest in a mutual fund or exchange-traded fund that specializes in private equity or late-stage companies preparing to go public. You won’t get the direct benefits of owning pre-IPO stock but you can still get exposure to them in your portfolio this way.

The Takeaway

For some high-net-worth or institutional investors, buying pre-IPO shares — a private sale of shares before a company’s initial public offering — might be possible. But it’s highly risky. For the most part, individual investors won’t have access to these kinds of private deals. But eligible investors may be able to trade ordinary IPO shares through their brokerage.

Whether you’re curious about exploring IPOs, or interested in traditional stocks and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), you can get started by opening an account on the SoFi Invest® brokerage platform. On SoFi Invest, eligible SoFi members have the opportunity to trade IPO shares, and there are no account minimums for those with an Active Investing account. As with any investment, it's wise to consider your overall portfolio goals in order to assess whether IPO investing is right for you, given the risks of volatility and loss.

Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

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INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
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Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Investing in an Initial Public Offering (IPO) involves substantial risk, including the risk of loss. Further, there are a variety of risk factors to consider when investing in an IPO, including but not limited to, unproven management, significant debt, and lack of operating history. For a comprehensive discussion of these risks please refer to SoFi Securities’ IPO Risk Disclosure Statement. IPOs offered through SoFi Securities are not a recommendation and investors should carefully read the offering prospectus to determine whether an offering is consistent with their investment objectives, risk tolerance, and financial situation.

New offerings generally have high demand and there are a limited number of shares available for distribution to participants. Many customers may not be allocated shares and share allocations may be significantly smaller than the shares requested in the customer’s initial offer (Indication of Interest). For SoFi’s allocation procedures please refer to IPO Allocation Procedures.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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How Many Companies IPO Per Year? 2021 Trends

How Many Companies IPO Per Year? 2023 Trends

An initial public offering, or IPO, represents the first time a company makes its shares available for trade on a public stock exchange. The number of IPOs per year varies, depending on market conditions and the ease with which companies can raise capital via other methods.

Private companies can use IPOs to raise capital and fuel future growth, and hundreds of companies go public most years, presenting an opportunity for interested investors.

IPO statistics can offer some perspective on how frequently companies decide to go public and which sectors tend to see the most significant launches.

[ipo_launch]

Number of IPOs by Year

A look at IPO history shows that the number of initial public offerings fluctuates significantly by year and decade. Since 2000, there have been some 6,013 IPOs. Here’s a look at IPO filings by year for that time frame:

Year

Number of IPOs

2000 397
2001 141
2002 183
2003 148
2004 314
2005 286
2006 220
2007 268
2008 62
2009 79
2010 190
2011 171
2012 157
2013 251
2014 304
2015 206
2016 133
2017 217
2018 255
2019 232
2020 480
2021 1,035
2022 181
2023* 79

*As of June 30, 2023.

The number of IPOs in any given year tend to follow movements in the economic cycle. In 2008, for example, there were just 62 IPOs as the economy and stock market were in the midst of a historic downturn. IPO activity didn’t pick up the pace again until 2010, once the Great Recession had ended.


💡 Quick Tip: Access to IPO shares before they trade on public exchanges has usually been available only to large institutional investors. That’s changing now, and some brokerages offer pre-listing IPO investing to qualified investors.

Previous Year IPOs

Companies were more likely to go public in the 1980s and 1990s than in recent years. Between 1980 and 2000, an average of 311 firms went public each year.

IPO activity spiked in the mid-90s as entrepreneurs sought to join the growing dot-com bubble.

Meanwhile, an average of 187 firms went public annually between 2001 and 2011. In recent years, larger, more established companies are more likely to go public than smaller private firms.

However, a record number of companies — 1,035 — went public in 2021. Some analysts point to loose monetary policy and a booming stock market as reasons so many companies went public during the year.

Additionally, one of the factors driving IPOs during 2020 and 2021 was an increase in IPOs for special-purpose acquisition corporations (SPACs). SPACs are essentially holding companies that go public with the sole purpose of acquiring another company.

Recommended: What Is an IPO Pop?

Overview of IPOs in 2022 – 2023

Following the boom in IPOs in 2021, the number of companies that went public during 2022 and 2023 dramatically decreased, due to several factors, including tight monetary policy to combat inflation, and a dramatic decline in the stock market.

As of June 30, 2023, there have been only 79 U.S. market IPOs so far — a 37% drop compared with the number of IPOs in 2022 by this time. There were 125 IPOs by June 30, 2022.

Of the 79 that debuted this year, about 46.8% — 37 companies — showed negative returns as of June 30, 2023, and 42 showed positive returns (bearing in mind that 11 companies IPO’d in June, and their prices may fluctuate in the coming quarters).

That said, the IPO proceeds in Q1 of 2022 similar to Q1 of 2023: $2.5 billion and $2.4 billion respectively. But company valuations were higher in 2022, and the 24 IPOs in Q1 generated almost as much in proceeds that year as the 33 IPOs in Q1 of 2023.

Evaluating the performance of stocks after a company goes public can give you an idea of how successful IPOs tend to be overall. However, it’s important to remember that it’s impossible to predict whether a stock will boom or bust in the months and years after it starts trading.

IPO stocks are considered highly volatile, high-risk investments, and while some companies may present an opportunity for growth, there are no guarantees. Like investing in any other type of stock, it’s essential for investors to do their due diligence.


💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

The Takeaway

Looking at IPO statistics and IPOs by year can help you track trends and understand just how often companies go public, and why some years have more IPOs than others.

While the low interest rates and rising stock market of 2021 helped create a record year for 1,035 new companies, the climate now has changed: rates are higher, there’s more market volatility, and the slowing number of IPOs reflects that.

If you’re interested in adding IPOs to your portfolio, it’s also important to know which sectors tend to have the most and least IPO activity.

Whether you’re curious about exploring IPOs, or interested in traditional stocks and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), you can get started by opening an account on the SoFi Invest® brokerage platform. On SoFi Invest, eligible SoFi members have the opportunity to trade IPO shares, and there are no account minimums for those with an Active Investing account. As with any investment, it's wise to consider your overall portfolio goals in order to assess whether IPO investing is right for you, given the risks of volatility and loss.

Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.


Photo credit: iStock/Inside Creative House

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Investing in an Initial Public Offering (IPO) involves substantial risk, including the risk of loss. Further, there are a variety of risk factors to consider when investing in an IPO, including but not limited to, unproven management, significant debt, and lack of operating history. For a comprehensive discussion of these risks please refer to SoFi Securities’ IPO Risk Disclosure Statement. IPOs offered through SoFi Securities are not a recommendation and investors should carefully read the offering prospectus to determine whether an offering is consistent with their investment objectives, risk tolerance, and financial situation.

New offerings generally have high demand and there are a limited number of shares available for distribution to participants. Many customers may not be allocated shares and share allocations may be significantly smaller than the shares requested in the customer’s initial offer (Indication of Interest). For SoFi’s allocation procedures please refer to IPO Allocation Procedures.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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How Are IPO Prices Set?

Before listing a stock for sale on a public exchange, companies undergo a rigorous process of preparation and compliance — which includes a suggested starting price for the shares they plan to sell in their initial public offering (IPO).

This price then creates an IPO valuation for the company.

Companies and their bankers use a variety of factors and steps to determine the IPO price. Here’s a closer look at the IPO valuation process.

What Is IPO Price?

An IPO price is the price at which a company’s stock is sold to accredited and institutional investors right before the stock trades on a public exchange. The purpose of the public offering price is to attract investors to buy the shares.

IPO stocks are considered high-risk investments, and while some companies may present an opportunity for growth, there are no guarantees. Like investing in any other type of stock, it’s essential for investors to do their due diligence.

The investment banks that underwrite a company’s public offering set the IPO price, using several variables including an analysis of the company’s growth potential, a comparison to related firms, and a determination of market demand conditions.

💡 Quick Tip: Keen to invest in an initial public offering, or IPO? Be sure to check with your brokerage about what’s required. Typically IPO stock is available only to eligible investors.

[ipo_launch]

Initial Public Offerings 101

When privately owned companies, such as unicorn companies, begin to sell shares of stock to the public, they hold an initial public offering, or IPO. Before an IPO, companies are usually owned by the founders, employees, and early investors, such as venture capital firms and angel investors. The process of selling shares to investors is called going public. Typically the initial offering is limited, and there are a number of people eligible for those shares first.

For this reason, it can be difficult for individual investors to buy IPO stock when it’s first issued. In most cases, individuals can trade IPO shares on the secondary market through their brokerage. In some cases, a brokerage may set certain requirements in order for individual investors to buy shares.

An IPO can help a company raise significant capital. It can also be a source of publicity. However, the IPO process is also time-consuming and expensive. Once a company has gone public, it faces new challenges such as regulatory scrutiny and an increased need to please shareholders.

Recommended: What Is an IPO and How Does it Work?

Why Do Companies Go Public?

The main reason companies choose to go public is to raise money. Holding an IPO can create significant value for a company and its management. In some cases, IPOs raise millions and even billions of dollars for the company, but some companies also face losses after an IPO.

Bringing in public investment benefits the business, but it also benefits early investors. These initial investors, who have invested time and money in a company, can sell their shares following an IPO, unlocking shareholder value.

An IPO can also benefit employees of the company. That’s because when an individual joins a company, sometimes they are granted employee stock options. Companies will often give early employees the options over several months or years — a process called vesting. Usually, employees must wait to sell their vested stock until the end of a lock-up period — a period after an IPO during which employees have to wait before selling their shares.

Other reasons companies go public are to gain media attention, grow a broad base of financial supporters, and create a windfall for venture capital firms that helped fund the company in its early stages.

The number of publicly traded, exchange-listed companies in the U.S. has decreased from the peak in the mid-to-late 1990s when it reached about 8,000. In 2021, the figure was closer to 6,000 companies that traded on different stock exchanges, such as the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and Nasdaq.

Steps in IPO Valuation

When a company decides to hold an IPO, they work with an investment bank to determine the company’s IPO valuation. The process of investment bankers handling an IPO is called underwriting.

How Underwriting Works in IPOs

Each underwriting process can be slightly different, but investment bankers’ factors in determining IPO prices and valuations are essentially the same. Some questions include:

•   Why has the company decided to go public?

•   What is the current status of the market?

•   Who are the company’s competitors?

•   What are the company’s assets?

•   How much has been invested in the company and by whom?

•   What is the history of the company and its team?

•   What are the company’s prospects for growth?

Recommended: What Is IPO Due Diligence?

Process of Determining IPO Prices

The rules of supply and demand apply to how the company and its underwriters will set an IPO price. Essentially, the underwriters must determine the demand for the shares based on the supply of shares that will be offered and sold to investors. These underwriters try to figure out what investors are willing to pay for each share of a company when it decides to go public.

To create a balance in this tradeoff that makes both existing and new investors happy, the company must decide how many new shares to issue and the estimated IPO price they plan to sell each share. The company’s executives and their investment bank determine the number of new shares by deciding how much money they hope to raise and how much ownership they are willing to give up.

Institutional Investors in IPO Process

Once executives and bankers decide on the number of new shares to issue, they reach out to institutional investors to start asking them how many shares they are interested in buying. Institutional investors include hedge funds, mutual funds, high net worth individuals, and pension funds in good standing with the investment bank.

Days before the IPO, the institutional investors place requests for how many shares they actually want to purchase. The company and its investment bankers then set the price for the IPO, and they know how much money they will raise.

The underwriting investment bank goes through the complex process of selling and allocating all the newly public shares to the institutional investors. They want to create a balance of different types of investors.

Retail Investors in IPO Process

Unfortunately for the at-home retail investor, it can be difficult to buy a stock at its IPO price. However, some brokerage platforms, like SoFi, have started to offer IPO Investing services that allow individuals to buy closer to the IPO price.

Determining Opening Price Point

Before the first day of trading, the stock exchanges on which the company decides to list look at all the incoming orders for the newly issued stock, which may be either buy or sell orders, and report the predominant price.

They then go through a process of price discovery to determine what the opening price will be. The goal is to have the maximum number of trades be executed from all the placed orders. At Nasdaq, this is done electronically, while human traders are involved at the NYSE.

Following this price discovery period, the opening price point is set, and the trading day continues. The stock is open for public trading.


💡 Quick Tip: The best stock trading app? That’s a personal preference, of course. Generally speaking, though, a great app is one with an intuitive interface and powerful features to help make trades quickly and easily.

Post-IPO Trading

In an ideal situation for the company and the underwriters, the stock’s closing price is relatively close to the opening price on opening day. This means the shares were priced accurately for what investors are willing to pay and the company had an appropriate valuation.

However, the IPO price isn’t necessarily a good indicator of the value of a stock. Broader market interest in the stock is impossible to plan for, and IPO conditions differ from the company’s long-term presence in the market.

IPO Price vs Opening Price: Similarities & Differences

Many analysts use the terms IPO price and opening price interchangeably when discussing a newly public company. However, there is a distinction between the two price points.

The IPO price is the price at which a company’s shares are first offered to institutional and accredited investors. The underwriters of the IPO sell the newly issued public share to these investors and clients at the initial public offering price.

In contrast, the opening price is the price at which the stock trades when it first begins trading on the stock market. The two prices are usually very close, but the opening price may be higher or lower than the IPO price.

Do IPO Stocks Always Rise?

IPO stocks don’t always rise in price once they are available for public trading. Many highly talked-about IPOs have disappointed in their opening weeks. This may be because investors feel these companies are overvalued and don’t want to risk putting money into them when they haven’t yet shown a profit.

It can take time for a stock to increase following an IPO, so the initial sale isn’t necessarily an indicator of long-term success or failure. The initial stock offering doesn’t always result in an immediate rise, but the influx of new capital can allow the company to grow.

Many stocks experienced tumultuous action for months before seeing a steadier climb. As an investor, looking for companies with a solid team and business plan, rather than just hype and a high valuation, can result in long-term portfolio growth.

How to Invest in IPOs

You can expose yourself to IPO stocks through an exchange-traded fund (ETF). Certain ETFs offer a weighted balance of newly public stocks and are adjusted over time. By diversifying your portfolio, you benefit from any gains while avoiding steep losses.

Also, some online brokerages, like SoFi, offer IPO investing for retail investors.

But, as mentioned above, IPOs can be very volatile. Although there is potential for significant returns, investors can also see severe losses in the weeks and months after a company goes public.

Rather than investing immediately, you can wait a quarter or six months to see how a company’s stock fluctuates following the IPO and then decide whether to invest. Stocks can often fall to form a base price before beginning to rise again.

Recommended: How to Find Upcoming IPO Stocks Before Listing Day

The Takeaway

It’s exciting when a company opens up to public investment. Although the IPO price is set as part of the lengthy IPO process, once the stock goes public all bets are off. Now the market determines the stock price, and the valuation of the company itself.

That’s one reason it can be challenging for most investors to know when and how to add new IPO stocks to their portfolios. Ultimately, investing in newly public stocks can be risky; the decision should be based on financial goals, time horizon, and risk tolerance.

Whether you’re curious about exploring IPOs, or interested in traditional stocks and exchange-traded funds (ETFs), you can get started by opening an account on the SoFi Invest® brokerage platform. On SoFi Invest, eligible SoFi members have the opportunity to trade IPO shares, and there are no account minimums for those with an Active Investing account. As with any investment, it's wise to consider your overall portfolio goals in order to assess whether IPO investing is right for you, given the risks of volatility and loss.

Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

FAQ

Is it good to buy at IPO price?

Like all investments, there is risk in buying a stock when it goes public. IPOs can be suitable investments if the stock price increases after the IPO, but there is also a risk that the stock price could decrease. When buying a stock at an IPO price, investors don’t have the benefit of history to help analyze the stock.

How is an IPO price determined?

The IPO price is the initial public offering price of a stock. The IPO price is the price the underwriters will sell stock to institutional and accredited investors. The investment bank that works with the company going public determines the IPO price.

Can you lose money on an IPO?

Yes. An investor can lose money on an IPO if the company’s stock price falls below the price at which the investor bought the shares.


SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Investing in an Initial Public Offering (IPO) involves substantial risk, including the risk of loss. Further, there are a variety of risk factors to consider when investing in an IPO, including but not limited to, unproven management, significant debt, and lack of operating history. For a comprehensive discussion of these risks please refer to SoFi Securities’ IPO Risk Disclosure Statement. IPOs offered through SoFi Securities are not a recommendation and investors should carefully read the offering prospectus to determine whether an offering is consistent with their investment objectives, risk tolerance, and financial situation.

New offerings generally have high demand and there are a limited number of shares available for distribution to participants. Many customers may not be allocated shares and share allocations may be significantly smaller than the shares requested in the customer’s initial offer (Indication of Interest). For SoFi’s allocation procedures please refer to IPO Allocation Procedures.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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