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A cash diet, meaning using just cash for daily spending, can help you avoid ringing up more credit card debt.

These days, many people’s spending habits are ruled by plastic. Debit cards, credit cards, and mobile wallets make transactions easy and effortless, but they can also make it easy to wind up with a mountain of debt and risky financial habits. As of 2025, U.S. consumers owed more than $1.21 trillion in credit card debt, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. For some people, it might be worth trying out an all cash diet to help develop healthier spending habits.

Read on to learn some of the pros and cons of a cash diet plan, and how using cash may help you think about your money habits in a new way.

What Is a Cash Diet?

A cash diet plan involves using only cash for all of your day-to-day expenses. This could include paying for your groceries, filling up your gas tank, or covering the bill for a meal out with a friend. Fixed expenses, such as rent, bills, or any existing debt payments, generally aren’t included.

For people who are dealing with debt, a cash diet may provide an opportunity to develop more transparent spending — which may help in getting a handle on existing debt and manage money better.

What Are Some Pros of a Cash Diet?

Here are some advantages of a cash diet:

•  One of the biggest potential benefits of an all cash diet is seeing what you spend. When using cash to pay for daily expenses, you can feel the immediate loss of a dollar spent. When using credit or debit cards, the impact of the money you’re spending is delayed, potentially making it easier to overspend or rack up debt.

•  Another possible benefit of a cash diet is that it may provide more oversight over your expenses and budget. If you take out a specific amount of money, it’s easy to keep track of how much you’ve spent by simply looking at the amount of cash you have left. This could help you learn how to be better with money.

•  Overall, adopting an all cash diet could provide you with more control and awareness over your spending decisions. Even though you are likely dipping into your cash reserves more often, it could help you manage the money in your bank account more wisely.

Recommended: Five Ways to Achieve Financial Security

What Are Some Cons of a Cash Diet?

Next, consider the potential downsides of a cash diet:

•  In some places, restaurants and other businesses are increasingly going cashless. Depending on which establishments you usually go to, an all cash diet could prove to be a challenge.

•  Additionally, unlike many major credit cards and debit cards, cash isn’t covered in case of theft or loss. This is something worth considering depending on how much money you plan to carry with you at a time. (Or you might use your debit card as a way of paying in cash.)

•  Your purchases will not be covered by your credit card’s protection plan.

•  Credit cards often offer perks that can incentivize signing up and spending, such as credit card rewards points and miles, and cash back programs. Using cash comes with no such rewards. If you’re considering switching over to an all cash diet for the long term, it’s worth considering how losing access to these kinds of benefits may impact you.

•  With this diet, you’ll need access to cash. If it’s challenging for you to get to ATMs or retailers that offer cash back, this could be an issue.

•  It’s also worth noting that an all cash cash diet may not build your credit score. That’s because your credit score is derived from data on how you manage credit month to month and over time.

Starting a Cash Diet

If you’ve decided to try out an all cash diet, you might want to start by creating a budget. Once you’ve determined your average monthly net income, outline the fixed expenses you have — such as rent, bills, and debt payments — and figure out how much money you have left over after paying them.

Whatever money is left over represents the maximum you’re able to spend on day-to-day costs, such as food and gas. Cash dieters typically withdraw this amount in cash. Some might prefer to budget for the amount of time between pay periods or to stick to a monthly cash diet plan. The choice is up to you.

From there, a common way of organizing a cash diet is to use the envelope method. This includes outlining each of your spending categories — such as social activities, food and groceries, and shopping — and distributing your money across each area based on how much you typically spend. The cash for each of these categories is put in a separate envelope, which may make it easier to stay on top of your spending.

Since life isn’t exactly predictable, you might want to consider creating an additional envelope for unexpected expenses that may not fall into a regular category. An emergency fund could help cover unexpected costs like a car repair.

Managing an All Cash Diet

Though it may sound simple in principle, using a cash diet isn’t always smooth sailing. For instance, if you run out of cash before it’s time to replenish your envelopes — whether that’s at your next paycheck or at the beginning of the month — a cash diet dictates that you won’t be able to buy anything else.

Though an all cash diet may be helpful in improving your understanding of your spending habits and helping to curb impulse spending, it can also mean that you may have to get creative about how you deal with cash shortages without reaching for your credit card.

On the other end of the spectrum, there is a chance you may have some cash left over. If this happens, you could consider depositing it in your emergency savings account.

If you don’t already have a fund for emergencies, you may want to start one with any cash you have left over. If you have enough to save and put towards your current debt, then you might consider using the cash to make an extra payment on your highest interest debt.

Recommended: Emergency Fund Calculator

Understanding Your Spending Habits

Depending on your individual situation and goals, a cash diet may be a temporary experiment or a long-term strategy. You could try it out for a month to see how you feel.

Whether you’re in it for the short-term or the long haul, you may find that a cash diet gives you space to reflect on your money habits and develop a better understanding of where your money is going. A cash diet plan can be a valuable experience and can make it easier to build a more sustainable financial future.

The Takeaway

A cash diet involves using only cash for daily spending to help you control the outflow of money and avoid credit card debt. It can be a good solution for some people trying to manage their money better. The tradeoffs include the challenge of using cash at businesses that prefer plastic and the possibility of losing cash (or having it stolen), among others. If you do try a cash diet, it can be helpful to partner with a bank that has a robust network of ATMs.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

What are the pros of using a cash diet?

A cash diet can be helpful as it encourages mindful spending and helps you avoid racking up high-interest credit card debt.

What are the cons of a cash diet?

Cons of a cash diet include the risk of losing cash or having it stolen, not earning credit card rewards, and not earning credit card rewards.

What is a cash diet?

A cash diet involves using cash for most or all of your daily spending, rather than relying on credit cards. It can help you better track your spending and avoid credit card debt.

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Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

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Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

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SOBNK-Q225-019

As of early 2025, the average cost of pet health insurance was $60 a month for dogs and $32 a month for cats, according to Met Life. As you might expect, the policy details, where you live, and the type of pet you have are among the factors that can impact pricing.

Pet insurance offers a way to help pay for the care of your beloved animal — whether it’s a routine checkup or an emergency. However, just like health insurance for humans, choosing the right pet insurance policy can be complicated.

There’s a wide range of coverage options and policy costs to consider. And pet insurance may not be the right fit for every pet owner. Here’s what to know.

What Is Pet Insurance?

Though it has a lot in common with human health insurance coverage, a pet policy falls under the property and casualty insurance classification.

Pet insurance has been around for almost 100 years, but has only been available in the United States since 1982, when a subsidiary of Nationwide sold its first policy to cover the dog that played Lassie on TV.

As with health insurance for humans, pet insurance has a range of options and costs to consider.

And it’s growing in popularity: The North American Pet Health Insurance Association reports that, as of 2024, the industry’s revenue grew 22% year over year and passed the $4 billion mark for the first time ever.

Most of the almost 5.4 million insured pets are dogs (80% in 2025) and cats (20%). But some insurers may offer coverage for birds, fish, and other pets.

Pet policies are designed to protect pet owners from the high cost of taking their animal to the vet, dealing with medical emergencies, and treating disease. If a pet needs care, it could otherwise drain their owner’s checking account.

(If a pet bites another animal or person, those costs typically are covered by homeowner’s insurance.)

Types of Pet Insurance

There are a few types of pet insurance. Coverage can be limited to accident-only care for an animal, or it can be more comprehensive and include treatment for injuries and illness.

Some policies also include wellness costs, such as vaccinations, dental care, and medical tests. A few include extra benefits, such as coverage for pet care when an owner has an emergency, or coverage for vet care when the owner travels out of the country with the pet.

But preexisting conditions and cosmetic procedures usually aren’t covered. And policies may come with a waiting period of, say, a few days or a month, which means if a pet is diagnosed with an illness or is injured before that time is up, treatment for that condition won’t be covered.

How Much Does Pet Insurance Cost?

The average cost of an accident and illness pet policy was $56.30 per month for a dog in 2025, or $675 per year, according to the North American Pet Health Insurance Association. For a cat, the average cost was $32 per month, or $384 per year. Adding wellness care and other benefits can increase the cost of a policy. So can the deductible, co-pay, and maximum coverage amounts the pet owner chooses. These costs are something to consider as you’re budgeting for a new dog or cat.

Reimbursement is typically 70%-90%, which means the insured pet owner can be reimbursed for up to 70%-90% of a qualifying claim. The deductible is typically $100, $250, or $500.

•  The cost of coverage also may be affected by where the pet owner lives. In cities or regions where veterinary practices generally charge more for office visits or treatments, the cost of pet insurance may be higher.

•  Coverage may cost more based on a pet’s breed and age as well. Because some purebred cats and dogs may be more susceptible to certain medical conditions, they can be more expensive to insure.

•  Age is a factor. The older a pet is, the more it may cost to get coverage — both at the time of enrollment and as the pet ages.

The good news is, there are typically no “out-of-network” provider charges to worry about with pet insurance. As long as the pet owner takes Fido or Fluffy to a licensed vet, and the expenses for the visit qualify, it’s just a matter of filing a claim. Some insurance companies may pay the vet directly, but most reimburse the pet owner after the claim is submitted and verified.

Recommended: 19 Tips to Save Money on Pets

How Can Pet Owners Find Prices and Plans?

Because every pet and every plan is a little bit different, it can pay to do some research.

An increasing number of employers now offer pet insurance in their benefits packages, which could mean a lower premium. So pet owners may want to check with their human resources department to see what their company has to offer.

It’s also easy to get an online price quote from many of the companies that offer pet insurance. A quick search will turn up several well-known insurers (Nationwide, Progressive, Geico, Allstate) that offer coverage, along with insurance companies that are strictly for pets. The insurer will ask a few questions (the pet’s name, age, gender, breed, any preexisting conditions), and then provide quotes for three or more plans, along with some details about the benefits those plans include.

It also may help to have an idea of what it costs to treat common (and not-so-common) problems a certain type of pet might encounter.

For example, a physical for a dog or cat can cost between $25 to $186 on average in 2025, depending on your location and the pet’s age. Those bills might be daunting but not necessarily devastating for a family’s budget. But an emergency vet visit with multiple overnight stays in an emergency clinic could be as much as $3,500. And surgeries your pet might require can run into the hundreds and even thousands of dollars.

Planning for those costs could help pet owners decide if insurance is something they should consider. (Your vet also may be able to provide some helpful information that pertains to your specific pet.)

💡 Quick Tip: If you’re faced with debt and wondering which kind to pay off first, it can be smart to prioritize high-interest debt first. For many people, this means their credit card debt; rates have recently been climbing into the double-digit range, so try to eliminate that ASAP.

So, Is Pet Insurance Worth It?

As with so many financial decisions, there are pros and cons to purchasing a pet health policy.

Insurance may take some of the stress out of making treatment decisions for a beloved pet based on the ability to pay. Although there still could be out-of-pocket expenses to consider, it might help avoid what the pet insurance association calls “economic euthanasia,” when a pet owner makes the heartbreaking choice to put down a sick or injured animal because the required care is just too expensive.

Insurance also might help a pet owner avoid taking on credit card debt or depleting their savings account to pay for their pet’s care.

Another plus: Because policies can be customized, it may be possible to find one that provides basic coverage and still works within the family budget. And pet owners who love their vet won’t have to switch to a new provider.

But pet insurance typically doesn’t cover pre-existing conditions, and premiums also may be higher for breeds that are vulnerable to costly health conditions. The cost also goes up as an animal gets older, which is when many pets start having problems that require expensive treatments.

And, as is the case for most types of insurance, if policyholders don’t use their benefits, they don’t get their money back. So, for example, if the pet owner opts for an accident and illness policy and the pet stays healthy for several years, the insurance bills could end up costing more than the vet bills. You may want to set up an emergency fund to help cover any healthcare costs for your pet instead.

Recommended: How to Pay for Medical Bills You Can’t Afford

The Takeaway

Pet health insurance currently costs about $60 a month for dogs and $32 a month for cats. It’s wise to look carefully at your options for pet health insurance to see if it suits your needs, considering such factors as price, coverage details, waiting period, and exclusions. You want to be sure you find the right fit, in terms of both the dollars involved and other needs, just as if you were choosing a new banking partner.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

How much is pet insurance?

As of 2025, pet health insurance is typically around $60 a month for dogs and $32 a month for cats. Prices vary depending on the policy details and coverage, your pet’s breed, your location, and other factors.

Is pet insurance really worth it?

Pet insurance can be worthwhile if a pet’s care (such as emergency surgery) would not be covered by your emergency fund and could cause financial hardship. The decision of whether pet insurance is worthwhile has to be made based on your own particular situation.

What age is best to get pet insurance?

As with your own health insurance, you’ll likely find that health insurance for pets is more affordable when the animal is younger. For that reason, it may be a matter of sooner rather than later when it comes to getting pet insurance.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

This content is provided for informational and educational purposes only and should not be construed as financial advice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOBNK-Q225-021

A promissory note is a written agreement between a borrower and a lender to formalize the lending of money.

Through this legal agreement, both the borrower and the lender consent to clearly defined repayment terms. Promissory notes can be used for a variety of purposes, including personal and commercial transactions.

Here’s a guide to common types of promissory notes, how to create one, and when they may be a good option for borrowing or lending money.

What Is a Promissory Note?

Put simply, a promissory note is a written promise to pay someone a certain amount by a specified time. The type of promissory note and agreement between the issuer and payee dictate the payment schedule and amount. If the borrower is a business, the issuer may wish to see its pro forma income statement when setting up a repayment schedule.

Similar to loans, promissory notes may be secured or unsecured. Unsecured notes are issued based on the borrower’s ability to repay, whereas secured notes use collateral such as real estate or a vehicle.

A promissory note may be issued by a financial institution, but this financing is commonly provided by individuals or businesses, too. Essentially, promissory notes allow anyone to act as a lender, which can be useful for creating legal documentation of a lending agreement between family members and friends.

Core Components

Promissory notes generally include the principal amount, interest rate, date and place of issuance, and signatures from the lender and borrower. There may also be provisions for late fees and recourse if a borrower defaults.

💡 Quick Tip: Before choosing a personal loan, ask about the lender’s fees: origination, prepayment, late fees, etc. SoFi personal loans come with no-fee options, and no surprises.

Types of Promissory Notes

There are several types of promissory notes. Usually, the nature of the loan determines the appropriate type. Let’s take a closer look at some of the most common varieties.

Line of Credit Promissory Note

Borrowers can withdraw any portion of funds from a line of credit, up to the established maximum loan amount. Once the money is taken out, the borrower is liable for repaying the lender.

A promissory note can be used to guarantee that the borrower repays money withdrawn from the line of credit. The promissory note can specify the interest rate, repayment schedule, and whether the line of credit is secured or unsecured.

Investment Promissory Note

Businesses looking to access capital can sell promissory notes to investors instead of taking out a conventional business loan or a line of credit. As with a conventional loan, however, the company will typically be expected to show the lender its balance sheet indicating that it is solvent.

Through an investment promissory note, businesses receive capital from investors in exchange for fixed repayments. In the event a business is unable to repay, the investors may acquire the company.

Generally, investment promissory notes are sold at a discount to account for the impact of inflation on future payments. Promissory notes may be sold publicly in some cases but are most often purchased by corporate entities and experienced investors with high net worth who can handle the greater level of risk.

Real Estate Promissory Note

Promissory notes can be used in mortgages and other real estate purchases. In practice, borrowers use a home or other property as collateral for a real estate promissory note.

While promissory notes can accompany a mortgage, they are in fact different. The note provides legal documentation of the borrower’s promise to repay the loan, whereas the mortgage outlines the lender’s recourse for foreclosure in case the borrower cannot pay. Qualifying for a mortgage may also require a loan contract and more detailed financial information.

Real estate promissory notes can be used outside a mortgage. For example, two individuals could create such an agreement. Although the lender may not have the power of foreclosure, they can secure the agreement with the authority to place a lien on the property if a borrower defaults. A property lien creates a public record of a borrower’s unpaid debt.

Keep in mind that real estate promissory notes can be traded through brokerages without the borrower’s consent.

Recommended: A Guide to What Mortgage Notes Are and What They Do

Student Loan Promissory Note

College students will likely be required to sign a promissory note for both private and federal student loans.

For private lenders, each student loan may carry its own promissory note, as terms can vary. Anyone taking out federal student loans must sign a Master Promissory Note to promise repayment of loans, fees, and interest to the U.S. Department of Education. The MPN can cover multiple loans within a 10-year time frame for authorized schools.

Recommended: Understanding Your Student Loan Promissory Note

Vehicle Promissory Note

A vehicle promissory note creates a binding document that promises a borrower will pay a lender for a car or other type of vehicle. This agreement can be between two individuals or a borrower and a conventional lender, such as a bank.

Aside from repayment terms and conditions, it’s important to include the vehicle’s make, model, year, body, and VIN in a promissory note.

Personal Loan Promissory Note

It’s not uncommon to sign a promissory note when acquiring a personal loan from a traditional lender.

A promissory note can also be used for a personal loan between friends and family. Formalizing the loan amount and repayment terms through a promissory note can help avoid disagreement and protect both parties down the line. Compared with typical personal loan requirements, a promissory note can be a more flexible financing option.

Having financial information like credit score and proof of income at the ready can streamline getting approved for a personal loan.

💡 Quick Tip: With fixed interest rates on loans from $5K to $100K, a SoFi personal loan for credit card consolidation can substantially lower your payments.

Promissory Note Repayment Options

Besides type, promissory notes can differ by repayment method. Borrowers can expect to repay money and interest through one of the following options:

•  Lump sum: This requires the entire amount to be repaid in a one-time payment on a specific date. Lump-sum payments are more common with small loans.

•  Due on demand: The borrower must repay the loan upon the lender’s request. Due on demand payment is used frequently for promissory notes between friends and family members. Any promissory note without written payment terms is considered due on demand.

•  Installment: Installment payments follow a specified schedule (monthly, for instance) to pay back a loan over a longer period of time. Usually payments are structured as equal amounts and include interest.

•  With (or without) interest: A promissory note can define the interest rate and any related contingencies.

In some cases, a promissory note may employ a combination of repayment options. For example, a vehicle promissory note may include an upfront lump sum followed by installment payments.

Structured Repayment Strategies

Here are some effects of the various repayment plans to consider.

•  Amortized payments: The borrower makes equal payments each month, paying down principal and interest together. The plus: The consistency makes it easy to plan and budget. The minus: The monthly installments may be costly.

•  Equal monthly payments and a final balloon payment: Installments are likely smaller than with full amortization, because the borrower pays less toward principal; the balloon payment resolves that at the end. Upside: Lower monthly payments preserve more cash on hand for other needs. Downside: If the borrower plans to refinance the loan before the balloon’s due date, they run the risk that interest rates may go up.

•  Interest-only payments and a final balloon payment: With monthly payments applied only to interest, the borrower owes the entire principal until the final balloon payment. Pro: This method allows for the lowest monthly payments. Con: The borrower pays more interest because they have possession of the full principal throughout the term of the loan.

•  Single payment of principal and interest: This is the lump sum method, where everything is paid back on the specified date. For the most part, only friends and family members will accept this arrangement. Good news: Borrowers need not pay anything toward the loan each month (though escrowing money would be wise). Bad news: If the business cycle is in a contraction phase when the note comes due, repayment of a large sum all at once could be very tough.

Legal Implications of Repayment

Signing a promissory note makes the borrower legally liable for the loan according to the terms of the note. In many states, defaulting on a promissory note that’s part of a mortgage contract could allow the lender to foreclose on the house and then sue the borrower personally for any deficiency.

What Does a Promissory Note Look Like?

There are different laws in every state regarding promissory notes. One common feature of promissory notes is that they must be written. A verbal agreement between two parties will not qualify as a promissory note or carry the same legal enforceability.

Standard Template

Promissory notes must include language outlining an agreement and unconditional promise for the borrower to repay the loan. Additionally, the repayment must be money, rather than labor, professional services, or other capital.

Other details and elements generally needed in a promissory note include the following:

•  Amount or principal: How much was borrowed and is to be repaid

•  Payor: The party promising to repay the debt

•  Payee: The party lending the money

•  Interest rate: States how much interest is charged and how it is calculated

•  Start date: The date the promissory note becomes effective and funding is released to the payor

•  Maturity date: When the interest and principal must be repaid in full

Without these elements, lenders may have trouble enforcing the promissory note.

Risks and Protections

Like any loan contract, a promissory note involves financial risk to both borrower and lender.

Unsecured promissory notes will likely entail a higher interest rate than secured ones. A higher interest rate makes paying off a loan more expensive, increasing the possibility of default.

Promissory notes secured with collateral tend to have lower rates, but borrowers who can’t pay the debt risk having their collateral seized.

Depending on due diligence, providing capital based on a promissory note may expose the lender to some financial risk if the borrower is untrustworthy. As noted, having collateral helps mitigate that risk.

As for protection, a promissory note safeguards the lender by recording the terms of the loan in a valid and enforceable contract. It protects the borrower by providing documentation of the loan in case of an audit.

Both parties should make sure the note follows state or federal laws governing loans or investments to ensure additional safety.

The Takeaway

Promissory notes create a binding promise to repay borrowed money. This financial agreement can be used when borrowing money from individuals, financial institutions, or both. To be valid, the note must contain all the important details about the principal, the loan term, the interest rate, and must be signed by both parties to the agreement.

If you’re seeking financing for your business, SoFi is here to support you. On SoFi’s marketplace, you can shop and compare financing options for your business in minutes.

FAQ

What makes a promissory note legally binding?

A promissory note is legally binding if it includes the date of the loan, the dollar amount being borrowed, the signatures of both the lender and the borrower, the rate of interest, any collateral involved, the start date, and the repayment time frame. The note must also comply with any applicable state laws.

How is a promissory note different from a loan agreement?

A loan agreement is more comprehensive than a promissory note, with specific terms and defined rules and restrictions. Promissory notes usually suffice for loans from one person to another. If a business is involved or the loan amount is large, a loan agreement is more appropriate.

Can a promissory note be transferred?

Yes, it is possible to transfer ownership of the promissory note. If the borrower defaults, for example, the lender may sell or transfer the note to a debt collector. Or, if the lender needs to raise cash, they can negotiate with a buyer and sell the note.

What happens if someone defaults on a promissory note?

If a borrower defaults, the lender usually sends them a demand letter. If the borrower still does not pay, the lender can hire a collections lawyer to sue and get restitution through a court judgment. The lender may also have the right to seize any collateral and sell it at auction.

How long is a promissory note valid?

Depending on your state, the statute of limitations for promissory notes can range from three to 15 years.

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SOSMB-Q225-002

Life insurance terms can be confusing when you first come across them, so learning the language of life insurance can help when you’re thinking about or shopping for a policy.

You may know that for many people, life insurance is important to have, and perhaps you’ve started some initial research into life insurance policies.

Learning common life insurance definitions can help you make an informed decision when looking into coverage options.

Life Insurance Terms

Discover life insurance definitions, simplified.

Accidental Death Benefit

If a life insurance policy includes an accidental death benefit, the cause of death will be examined to determine whether the insured’s death meets the policy’s definition of accidental. This is often a rider, or additional benefit for an additional fee, attached to the policy. An example of an accidental death could be one caused by a car crash, slip, or machinery.

Annuity

This is a contract in which the buyer deposits money with a life insurance company for investment on a tax-deferred basis. Annuities are designed to help protect the contract holder from the risk of outliving their income.

An annuity may include a death benefit that will pay the beneficiary a specified minimum amount.

Beneficiary

This is the person or entity designated to receive the death benefit from a life insurance policy or annuity contract.

Contestable Period

For up to two years, a life insurance company may deny payment of a claim to beneficiaries because of suicide or misrepresentation on an application — for example, if the insured was listed as a nonsmoker but smoked often and died of complications related to that.

Death Benefit

This term refers to the amount that will be paid to the beneficiary upon the death of the insured. The phrase “death benefit” is common life insurance terminology you’ll see in a life insurance policy.

Evidence of Insurability

In order for you to qualify for a particular policy at a particular price, companies have the right to ask for information about your health and lifestyle. An insurance company will use this information when deciding on approval and rate. If you are overweight, a smoker, or have a history of health problems, your policy will likely cost more than someone without those issues.

Free Examination Period

Also known as the “free look period,” this is a 10- to 30-day window during which you can cancel your new policy without penalty and get a refund of premiums.

Group Life Insurance

This provides coverage to a group of people under one contract. Group contracts are often sold to businesses that want to provide life insurance for their employees. Group life insurance can also be sold to associations to cover their members.

Insured

This is the person whose life is insured by the policy. The insured may also be the policyholder.

Permanent Life Insurance

These kinds of policies can provide lifelong coverage and the opportunity to build cash value, which accumulates tax-deferred. Whole life and universal life insurance policies fall under this umbrella term. Permanent life insurance is more expensive and complicated than term life insurance.

Policy

This is the official, legal document that includes the terms of the policy owner’s insurance. The policy will name the insured, the policy owner, the death benefit, and the beneficiary.

Policyholder

The person who owns the life insurance policy. It can be the person who is insured by the policy.

Premium

The payment the customer makes to the insurance company to pay for the policy. It may be paid annually, semiannually, quarterly, or monthly.

Term Life Insurance

This type of life insurance offers coverage for a set number of years, or “term,” of the insured’s life, commonly 20 or 30 years. If the insured individual dies during the years of coverage, a death benefit will be paid to the beneficiaries. Term life insurance costs less than permanent life insurance.

Recommended: 8 Popular Types of Life Insurance for Any Age

Underwriting

Often viewed as a mysterious process, underwriting is simply when factors are evaluated relating to the applicant’s current health, medical history, lifestyle habits, hobbies, occupation, and financial profile to determine eligibility for coverage as well as what the appropriate premiums should be.

Universal Life Insurance

With this kind of permanent life insurance, policyholders may be able to adjust their premium payments and death benefits. The cash value gains vary depending on the type of universal life insurance policy purchased.

Variable Life Insurance

With variable life, another type of permanent life insurance, the death benefit and the cash value fluctuate according to the investment performance of a separate account fund.

Earnings accumulate tax-deferred. Fees and expenses can reduce the portion of premiums that go toward the cash value.

Whole Life Insurance

Whole life is another type of permanent cash value insurance. The premiums, rate of return on cash value, and death benefit are fixed and guaranteed. The cash value component grows tax-deferred. Whole life tends to be more expensive than other types of permanent insurance.

Recommended: Term vs. Whole Life Insurance

The Takeaway

Life insurance can be an important way to protect your loved ones’ financial future in the event of your death. While its terms can be a mouthful, they don’t have to be confusing. Understanding the definitions of life insurance can help you put a plan in place to protect your family.

SoFi has partnered with Ladder to offer competitive term life insurance policies that are quick to set up and easy to understand. Apply in just minutes and get an instant decision. As your circumstances change, you can update or cancel your policy with no fees and no hassles.

Photo credit: iStock/mapodile

Coverage and pricing is subject to eligibility and underwriting criteria.
Ladder Insurance Services, LLC (CA license # OK22568; AR license # 3000140372) distributes term life insurance products issued by multiple insurers- for further details see ladderlife.com. All insurance products are governed by the terms set forth in the applicable insurance policy. Each insurer has financial responsibility for its own products.
Ladder, SoFi and SoFi Agency are separate, independent entities and are not responsible for the financial condition, business, or legal obligations of the other, SoFi Technologies, Inc. (SoFi) and SoFi Insurance Agency, LLC (SoFi Agency) do not issue, underwrite insurance or pay claims under LadderlifeTM policies. SoFi is compensated by Ladder for each issued term life policy.
Ladder offers coverage to people who are between the ages of 20 and 60 as of their nearest birthday. Your current age plus the term length cannot exceed 70 years.
All services from Ladder Insurance Services, LLC are their own. Once you reach Ladder, SoFi is not involved and has no control over the products or services involved. The Ladder service is limited to documents and does not provide legal advice. Individual circumstances are unique and using documents provided is not a substitute for obtaining legal advice.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOPRO-Q225-001

Margin trading and options trading are two strategies that incorporate leverage, which investors may use when investing in the financial markets. But they are quite distinct, and each strategy uses leverage in a different way.

Margin trading refers to the use of borrowed funds to place bigger securities trades than investors can afford with available cash.

Options are a type of derivative, where the option contract represents shares of an underlying security. Trading options can also be a type of leveraged trade, because an investor can control a large position with a relatively small investment via the premium (the cost of each option contract).

In some cases, you need a margin account to provide collateral for certain options trades. But with some options strategies the underlying stock can serve as collateral.

Depending on the types of trades involved, both margin trading and options trading have the potential for bigger gains, but these strategies entail the potential for steep losses — including the possibility of loss that exceeds the initial investment.

Options Trading vs Margin Trading

Options trading and margin trading have some similarities, although they are fundamentally different in most ways.

Similarities

Here are some similarities between margin trading and options trading:

•   Leverage: Both options trading and margin trading allow you to use leverage to amplify your position, though in different ways.

•   Higher risks and rewards: Both strategies can yield higher returns if the trades move in the right direction, but they also carry the risk of losses that can exceed your initial investment, in some cases.

•   Requires broker approval: Margin and options trading both require additional account approvals, since these strategies come with significant risk exposure.

Differences

Here is a look at the differences between options trading and margin trading:

•   Fundamentally, options are a type of security. Margin is a strategy for using debt (i.e., margin loans) to buy more shares — it’s not a type of investment.

•   How leverage is achieved:

◦   Margin allows you to borrow money to purchase more securities than you could with cash.

◦   Options are derivatives contracts that represent 100 shares of the underlying stock or security, for the price of the contract (a.k.a. the premium), which is a smaller amount than the cost of owning the shares

Options Trading and How It Works

Options are financial derivatives that allow an investor to control shares of a particular security without needing the full amount of money required to buy or sell the asset outright.

The purchaser of an options contract has the right to buy or sell a security at a fixed price within a specific period of time, paying a premium for that right.

There are two main types of options contracts: call options and put options. A call option gives the purchaser the right — but not always the obligation — to buy a security at a specific price, called a strike price. In contrast, the purchaser of a put option has the right — but again, not always the obligation — to sell a security at the strike price.

Buying and selling call and put options are two ways investors can potentially use leverage to accelerate their gains. And since options contracts fluctuate in value, traders can buy or sell the contracts before expiration for a profit or loss, just like they would trade a stock or bond.

Bear in mind that these investments carry significant risks, especially since you need to repay the margin loan, with interest, regardless of outcome.

Recommended: Options Trading 101: An Introduction to Stock Options

How Does Options Trading Work?

Suppose a stock is trading at $40 per share. If you buy the stock directly and the stock price goes to $44, you will have made a 10% profit.

However, you could also buy a call option for the stock. Say that a call option with a strike price of $40 for this stock is selling for a $1 premium. When the stock price moves from $40 to $44, the call option premium might move to $2. You could then sell the call option, potentially pocketing the difference between the price of the option when you sold it and what you paid for it ($2 – $1).

This example assumes the option price has increased. If the price decreases, you may incur a loss, which could include the entire premium paid.

There are many ways to trade options, depending on your outlook on a particular asset or the market as a whole. Investors can utilize bullish and bearish options trading strategies that target short- and long-term stock movements, allowing them to make money in up, down, and sideways markets.

Aside from speculating on the price movement of securities, investors can use options to hedge against losses or generate income by selling options for premium.

Recommended: How to Trade Options: An In-Depth Guide for Beginners

Pros and Cons of Options Trading

Here are some of the pros and cons of options trading:

Margin Trading and How It Works

Margin trading is an investment strategy in which you buy stocks or other securities using money borrowed from your broker to increase your buying power. This strategy can potentially enhance returns, but it can also magnify your losses.
In contrast, when you buy a stock directly, you pay for it with money from your cash account. Then, when you sell your shares, your profit (or loss) is based on the stock’s current price versus what you paid.

This traditional way of investing limits gains, at least compared to margin trading, but also curbs potential risk: you can only lose as much as you invest.

If you want to start trading on margin, you’ll likely need to upgrade the type of account you have with your broker. There are significant differences between a cash and margin account, and only qualified investors can access margin funds.

How Does Margin Trading Work?

After your broker approves you for a margin account, you can buy more stocks than you have cash available. Your broker will require both an initial margin amount and a maintenance margin amount.

Margin Trade Example

Here’s one example of how margin trading works: suppose that you have $5,000 in your account, and you want to buy shares of a stock that’s trading at $50 per share. With a regular cash account, you would only be able to buy 100 shares ($50 x 100 shares = $5,000).

If the stock’s price goes up to $55, you can close your position with a 10% profit.

With a margin account, you borrow up to 50% of the security’s price. If your broker has approved you for a $5,000 margin loan, you now have $10,000 in buying power; so you can buy 200 shares of the stock at $50 per share. If the stock’s price goes up to $55 in this example, your profits will be higher. You can sell your 200 shares for $11,000.

Then, after repaying your margin loan of $5,000, you still have $6,000 in your account, representing a 20% profit. (This hypothetical example does not include the cost of interest on the margin loan or any fees.)

But keep in mind that the increased leverage works in both directions. If you buy a stock on margin and the stock’s price goes down, you will have higher losses than you would if you just purchased with your cash account.

If you enter into a margin position and the value of your account drops, your broker may issue a margin call, and force you to either deposit additional cash or sell some of your holdings (if you fail to cover the shortfall, the broker can sell securities in your account to do so).

Pros and Cons of Margin Trading

Here are some of the pros and cons of margin trading:

How to Decide Which Is Right for You

Both options and margin trading can be successful investment strategies under the right conditions.

You may consider margin trading if you want to enhance your buying power with additional capital. If you want a type of investment with more flexibility, options trading might be suitable for you.

In either case, make sure you manage your risk so that you aren’t put in a situation where you lose more money than you are comfortable with.

The Takeaway

Options and margin trading are just two of the many investing strategies investors can consider when exploring ways to incorporate leverage. While investors are not able to sell options or covered calls on SoFi’s options trading platform at this time, they can buy call and put options to try to benefit from stock movements or manage risk.

Experienced traders may find either margin or options trading to be a worthwhile part of their portfolio, depending on their risk tolerance and goals.

SoFi’s options trading platform offers qualified investors the flexibility to pursue income generation, manage risk, and use advanced trading strategies. Investors may buy put and call options or sell covered calls and cash-secured puts to speculate on the price movements of stocks, all through a simple, intuitive interface.

With SoFi Invest® online options trading, there are no contract fees and no commissions. Plus, SoFi offers educational support — including in-app coaching resources, real-time pricing, and other tools to help you make informed decisions, based on your tolerance for risk.

FAQ

Is margin trading better than options trading?

Neither one is necessarily better than the other. Both options trading and margin trading can make sense in specific situations. Remember that options are a type of derivative, which is a type of investment. Margin is a trading strategy that relies on debt to increase a position. The two can overlap because there are some options trades that require a margin account for collateral.

How much margin is required to buy options?

Margin is not required to buy or sell options contracts. However, you may use a margin loan to provide collateral for options trading, if it’s appropriate.

Are options trading and margin trading the same thing?

Both options and margin trading allows you to use leverage to potentially increase your returns, but they are not the same. Options trading involves trading options contracts, while margin trading involves borrowing money from your broker to make investments with more cash than you have in your account.

Photo credit: iStock/Just_Super