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When you’re worried about money and feel your options are limited, debt can feel like a pair of handcuffs. And if it feels like you can’t do what you want to do — which is to pay it all off and get yourself free — there’s the temptation to do nothing. The right debt reduction plan, however, can help you start paying down your balances, stay on track with your budget, and work towards your future financial goals. Here are some options to get you started.

Tips to Build a Debt Reduction Plan

Prioritizing Expenses

A good first step is to look at everything you have coming into your bank account each month (income) and everything that is going out (spending). You can do this with pen and paper, or by leveraging an all-in-one budgeting app, such as SoFi..

Once you have a list of all of your monthly expenses, you can divide them into essential and nonessential expenses. Looking over your nonessential expenses, you may find easy places to cut back (such as streaming services you rarely watch or a membership to a gym you hardly ever use) to free up more funds for debt repayment. You may also need to cut back in other areas, such as meals out, clothing. and other discretionary purchases, at least temporarily.

A budgeting framework you might try is the 50-30-20 rule, which recommends putting 50% of your money toward needs (including minimum debt payments), 30% toward wants, and 20% toward savings and paying more than the minimum on debt payments.

Next, you can come up with a debt repayment strategy. Here are four popular approaches to knocking down debt. The debt avalanche method is probably best suited to those who are analytical, disciplined, and want to pay off their debt in the most efficient manner based solely on the math.

The debt snowball method takes human behavior into consideration and focuses on maintaining motivation as a person pays off their debt.

The debt fireball method is a hybrid approach that combines aspects of the snowball and avalanche methods. Here’s a closer look at each strategy.

Debt Avalanche

The avalanche method puts the focus on interest rates rather than the balance that’s owed on each bill.

1.    The first step is collecting all debt statements and determining the interest rate being charged on each debt.

2.    Next, you’ll want to list all of those debts in order of interest rate, so the debt with highest interest is on top and the debt with the lowest interest rate is at the bottom of the list.

3.    Now, you’ll want to focus on paying more than the minimum monthly payment on the debt that is first on the list, while continuing to make the minimum payments on all the others.

4.    When the first debt is paid off, you can move on to paying more than the minimum on the second debt on your list. By eliminating debts based on interest rate, you can save money on interest.

Debt Snowball

The debt snowball method can be effective in getting a handle on debt by getting rid of debts on your list more quickly than the avalanche method. However, it can cost a bit more.

1.    You’ll start by collecting debt statements and making a list of those debts, but instead of listing them in order of interest rate, organize them in order of size, with the smallest balance on top and the largest balance at the bottom of the list.

2.    Next, you’ll want to put extra money towards the debt at the top of the list, while continuing to pay the minimum on all of the other debts.

3.    Once you wipe away the first debt, you can start putting extra money towards the second debt on the list and, when that is one wiped out, move on to the third, and so on. This method provides early success and, as a result, can motivate you to keep going until you’ve wiped out all of your debts.

Debt Fireball

This strategy is a hybrid approach of the snowball and avalanche methods. It separates debt into two categories and can be helpful when blazing through costly “bad debt” quickly.

1.    You’ll want to start by categorizing all debt either “good” or “bad” debt. “Good” debt is debt that has the potential to increase your net worth, such as student loans, business loans, or mortgages. “Bad” debt, on the other hand, is normally considered to be debt incurred for a depreciating asset, like car loans and credit card debt. These debts also tend to have the highest interest rates.

2.    Next, you can list bad debts from smallest to largest based on their outstanding balances.

3.    Now, you’ll want to make the minimum monthly payment on all outstanding debts — on time, every month — then funnel any excess funds to the smallest of the bad debts. When that balance is paid in full, you can go on to the next-smallest on the bad-debt. This helps to keep the fireball momentum until all the bad debt is repaid.

4.    Once the bad debt is paid off, you can simply keep paying off good debt on the normal schedule. In addition, you may want to apply everything that was being paid toward the bad debt towards a financial goal, such as saving for a house, paying off a mortgage, starting a business, or saving for retirement.

Using Personal Loans for Debt Reduction

Another debt payoff strategy you may want to consider is refinancing your debt. This involves taking out a personal loan, ideally with a lower rate than you are currently paying on your “bad” debts, and using it to pay off your balances.

Personal loans used for debt consolidation can help pull everything together for those who find it easier to keep up with just one monthly payment. A bonus is that because the interest rates for personal loans are typically lower than credit card interest rates, you can end up saving money.

Here’s a look at the process.

1.    You’ll first want to gather all of your high-interest debt statements and total up the debts to be paid.

2.    A good next step is to research your personal loan options, comparing rates, terms, and qualification requirements from different lenders, including traditional banks, online lenders, and credit unions. You may be able to “prequalify” for a personal loan for debt consolidation to get an idea of what rate you are likely to qualify for. This only requires a soft credit check and won’t impact your score.

3.    Once you’ve found a lender you want to work with, you can apply for the debt consolidation loan. Once approved, you can use the loan to pay off your high-interest debts. Moving forward, you only make payments on the new loan.

The Takeaway

Having a debt reduction plan in place is key to getting rid of those financial handcuffs and being able to look forward to a successful financial future. To get started, you’ll want to assess where you currently stand, find ways to free up funds to put towards debt repayment, and choose a debt payoff method, such as the avalanche or snowball approach.

Another option is to get a debt consolidation loan. This can help simplify repayment and also help you save money on interest. If you’re curious about your options, SoFi could help. With a lower fixed interest rate on loan amounts from $5K to $100K, a SoFi debt consolidation loan could substantially lower how much you pay each month. Checking your rate won’t affect your credit score, and it takes just one minute.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

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There may be times in your life when your car breaks or you get a surprise medical bill in the mail or you finally move forward with a home remodeling project. If you need help covering those costs, you might decide to take out a personal loan. But is money from the loan considered income and therefore subject to taxes?

The good news is, a personal loan is usually not considered income, though there are some exceptions that could impact borrowers during tax season. Let’s take a closer look.

Does a Personal Loan Count as Income?

If you take out a personal loan, you may treat the funds the same as you would your paycheck. But as far as the IRS is concerned, any kind of formal loan from a bank or lender with terms that require repayment is considered a debt and is therefore typically not considered income. This distinction is important because it means you may not have to pay taxes on money you receive from a personal loan.

However, there may be tax implications on informal loans from friends and family. Before you enter into any agreement with a loved one, it’s a smart move to consult with an accountant.

Recommended: How to Pay Less Taxes: 9 Simple Steps

When Is a Personal Loan Considered Income?

While personal loans are generally not considered income and therefore taxable, there are exceptions that borrowers should know about.

If you take out a personal loan and then some or all of the loan debt is forgiven, the amount forgiven could be considered income. It might seem odd for canceled debt to be considered income, but think about it like this: Let’s say you made an extra $5,000 from work and used it to pay off your personal loan. That $5,000 would be considered income, and your loan would be paid off.

However, if you made no extra money but your $5,000 loan was canceled, then you would be in the same financial position in the end. So the IRS considers that forgiven loan debt taxable income.

Once a formal debt is forgiven or canceled, you should receive a Form 1099-C from the lender. According to the IRS, the amount of the canceled debt is taxable and must be reported on your tax return for the year.

There are some exceptions, such as certain qualifying student loan cancellations or personal loans canceled as part of bankruptcy hearings. And that’s where professional tax guidance might come in handy. Another thing to know is that the interest on personal loans is generally not tax-deductible.

What Exactly Is a Personal Loan?

As you’re exploring your options, it helps to understand what a personal loan is and how it works. A personal loan is one of many types of loans offered by banks, credit unions, and online lenders like SoFi. Personal loans typically range from $1,000 to $100,000, depending on the lender. There are both secured and unsecured personal loans. A secured personal loan means there is some sort of collateral to back the loan.

With an unsecured loan, there is no collateral. Generally, personal loans are unsecured. The terms of the loan—including things like interest rates, origination fees, and repayment schedules—are typically based on an applicant’s financial history, income, debt, and credit score. Because these types of loans aren’t tied to an asset, their interest rates can be higher than secured personal loans but are usually lower than credit cards or payday loans.

Exact eligibility requirements will vary by lender. The loans are then typically paid back with interest in monthly payments over a set schedule; typical repayment terms are extended over anywhere from 12 to 60 months.

Unlike a business loan or a home loan, an unsecured personal loan can be spent on a range of personal expenses, from home renovations to medical bills to consolidating credit card debt.

Applying for a Personal Loan

Over the past 12 months, 68% of Americans applied for a personal loan, according to a 2023 Forbes Advisor survey. And the average personal loan amount is $8,018.

If you’re thinking about a personal loan, consider starting with this checklist:

•   Determine how much money you need.

•   Explore all your financial options.

•   Research various loans and lenders.

•   Choose the type of loan you want.

•   Compare interest rates.

If you decide a personal loan is right for you, the application process is relatively straightforward. You may be asked to submit paperwork, like a photo ID, proof of address, and proof of employment or income. Many lenders offer applicants the option to see if they pre-qualify for a loan, which can give them an idea of the rates and terms available to them.

If you’re planning to use a personal loan to pay off existing debt, you could also use SoFi’s personal loan calculator to compare payments and rates to see if an unsecured personal loan could potentially help you save money.

Recommended: Preapproval vs. Prequalify: What’s the Difference?

The Takeaway

A personal loan can provide borrowers with funds for a variety of purposes. Generally speaking, the money isn’t taxable and considered as income. However, there are some exceptions. For instance, if you take out a personal loan, and some or all of the balance is forgiven, the canceled debt could be considered income. There are both secured and unsecured personal loans; typically, personal loans are unsecured.

If you are thinking about taking out a loan to cover an unexpected or large expense, a SoFi unsecured personal loan could be a good option for your unique financial situation. SoFi personal loans offer competitive, fixed rates and a variety of terms. Checking your rate won’t affect your credit score, and it takes just one minute.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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It’s hard to argue against the value of a good internship and how it can prepare a student for life after college.

A few weeks or months spent working in the real world can help build connections and confidence, further develop skills learned in class, and—perhaps most critically—bolster a new graduate’s chances of getting a job. An internship also can help students decide if they’ve chosen the right major and want to continue on the career path they’re on.

That may explain why many universities are pushing for more academic internships and are requiring them for an increasing number of degree programs. Not just for doctors, dentists, accountants, and teachers, but for those seeking careers in sports or hospitality management, communications, technology, and the arts.

Internship Stats

According to internship research conducted by Zippia, students who interned during college are 35% more likely to receive at least one job offer after graduation than those that didn’t intern. And a whopping 70% of interns receive a job offer from the company they interned at.

If there’s a specific company or industry you have your heart set on, interning can be a fantastic way to get your foot in the door and hopefully receive a job offer down the line.

The Cost of College Credit Internships

Close to 40% of all internships are unpaid. Which means that often, the students who take those internships are forgoing full-time, part-time, or seasonal employment to take an internship that doesn’t come with a paycheck.

Instead, that unpaid internship could add to their debt, especially if they have to relocate temporarily (maybe to a larger city or even overseas), buy a car, pay for gas or some other form of transportation, put together a work wardrobe, and pay for food.

Some students who take internships—paid or unpaid—can choose to or are obligated to enroll for course credit. Depending on how many credit hours their internship entails (the average is three but it could be more), they could end up paying hundreds of dollars in tuition.

Of the internships that are unpaid, most are in nonprofit or government sectors. Nearly all paid internship positions are with private and for-profit companies.

Advocacy groups are pushing for more paid internships, especially because low-income students often cannot afford to take on unpaid work, creating barriers to equal opportunity. To combat these barriers, the White House Internship Program started paying their interns for the first time in history in fall 2022.

Interns want to and are supposed to be doing relevant work, not making copies, fetching coffee, and running other errands that paid employees would be doing if the interns weren’t there.

How Much Do Paid Internships Pay?

Paid interns aren’t getting rich, but they are at least making minimum wage. For interns that are getting paid, the average hourly rate is $15.03, according to Zippia. Those wages help pay some expenses, but not all—making an internship an opportunity many students and their parents simply can’t afford or they must struggle to pay for.

If you’re thinking, “Well, that’s what student loans are for,” you’re technically correct. Student loan are meant to cover educational expenses, so you can use the money from the government and (possibly) private student loans to pay for the expenses that go along with your academic internship just as you would if you were in a class at school. That could include room and board, travel costs if you have to relocate, transportation, and equipment you need for the internship.

Of course, the debt you take on to get that internship experience could come back to haunt you when you’re out of school and those loans come due. So it’s important to weigh the costs of the internship against its benefits.

Particularly if it’s an unpaid internship, or if you’re required to complete an internship for college credit, you might consider doing some research to find companies that are known for offering applicable career skills and have a positive impact on your resume.

Ask your internship coordinator what tangible benefits you could see—is the internship approved for college credit? Will you get meaningful references? Will there be consequential networking opportunities?

Will the company offer you more than a form letter as a reference? How will this internship help you stand out from others hoping to get similar employment?

Before you commit, you also may want to create a financial plan, starting with figuring out where you’ll live and then working through your budget from there. And you might want to consider asking whether taking a side gig outside your internship is feasible and ok with the company.

Paying Back the Money You Owe

Before you graduate, you may want to begin educating yourself about the best student loan payback options for your situation (depending on what types of student loans you have), look at interest rates, and think about whether you would be interested in consolidating or refinancing your loans.

If you can’t find a better interest rate than you already have on your federal loans, you might want to leave things as they are. Federal student loans offer protections and benefits that won’t transfer to a private loan if you refinance. But you may find you can get a lower rate by refinancing with a private lender, which also could allow you to combine your loans into one manageable payment.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
If you are a federal student loan borrower, you should consider all of your repayment opportunities including the opportunity to refinance your student loan debt at a lower APR or to extend your term to achieve a lower monthly payment. Please note that once you refinance federal student loans you will no longer be eligible for current or future flexible payment options available to federal loan borrowers, including but not limited to income-based repayment plans or extended repayment plans.