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At certain moments in your life, you may wonder if hiring a personal accountant would be a good move. Perhaps you started a side hustle or launched a business and are confused about taxes. Or maybe you need help sorting out an inheritance.

There are many different types of accountants offering varied services. Here’s how to determine if you need a personal accountant, and if so, how to find the best one for your specific situation.

What Type of Accountant Do I Need?

The term “accountant” is sometimes used as a catch-all phrase to refer to any professional who deals with financial transactions or taxes, but there are different types of accountants. For instance, there are bookkeepers, accountants, and Certified Public Accountants (CPAs), to name a few, and they all have different skill sets and varying limits on what they can and can’t do. Choosing the right professional could help you achieve financial security, whether you’re running a business or investing money for your future.

•   A CPA is certified to do everything a general accountant or bookkeeper can do, along with one important addition — government permission to file taxes on a client’s behalf and represent them in case of a tax audit.

Becoming a licensed CPA requires passing the Uniform CPA Exam and completing continuing education hours each year in order to maintain their certification. CPA fees can range anywhere from approximately $33 to $500 an hour, with between $150 and $275 being a likely amount.

•   An accountant without CPA certification cannot sign tax returns on behalf of a client, but they can prepare them. An accountant also can record and report detailed financial transactions and provide analysis.

Most accountants hold an undergrad degree — although it doesn’t necessarily have to be in accounting — and many pursue additional certifications such as Certified Management Accountant (CMA) and Chartered Accountant (CA) . Like CPAs, their hourly rates can vary widely depending on location and expertise.

•   A bookkeeper is someone who can help keep your books if you’re running a business. Their responsibilities can include paying bills, keeping track of account balances, recording transactions and providing reports throughout the year.

Bookkeepers aren’t required to hold an accounting degree, but some organizations and businesses do offer certification, including a Certified Public Bookkeeper (CPB) certification, which means the bookkeeper has passed an advanced skills exam and is required to take continuing education.

Bookkeepers might also handle payroll and other business taxes, although they aren’t allowed to sign tax returns or provide audit representation. Bookkeeper fees can vary widely.

What Financial Issues Can a Personal Accountant Handle?

Accountants can be experts in money-management topics across the board, including taxes and helping navigate complicated financial situations.

Beyond that, how an accountant can help depends on your individual financial needs. Here are some details on which type of accountant is best for specific needs.

For Independent Contractors and Solo Entrepreneurs

There are many benefits to being an entrepreneur. But finances can get complicated for independent contractors and solo entrepreneurs, from managing invoices to tracking inventory to keeping one eye on the big business picture. In short, an accountant can assist with most things money-related so that the business owner can focus on the business.

Although a non-certified accountant can’t file your taxes on your behalf, they can help you with business issues like tracking your deductions, including payroll deductions; calculating estimated tax payments; and ensuring that you reap the most benefit from your tax deductions (which include hiring an accountant). An accountant is also more likely to be on top of the latest changes in the tax law.

Another way an accountant could help independent contractors is by handling all the organizational factors that come with running a business. Tasks such as invoicing, tracking sales, and tracking receipts, can feel overwhelming to someone who’s never taken business classes.

For Small Businesses

For businesses with more than one employee, an accountant with small business expertise can help with everything from determining the right business structure to filing taxes.

If you’re just starting out as a small business owner, an accountant could help with the financial segments of your business plan. During day-to-day operations, a good accountant can help with everything from opening a business bank account to payroll to providing guidance regarding government regulations or any changes in tax law.

And if you hire a CPA, they can even file business taxes on your behalf.

Recommended: Savings Calculator

For Individuals

If you have a lot of financial issues to handle, a personal accountant can help you manage them.

Perhaps the biggest reason an individual might hire an accountant is to help with taxes, especially if they’re facing complicated tax situations like receiving an inheritance, filing taxes for rental property, or navigating capital gains taxes.

But even for everyday life, a personal accountant can help turn your personal finance knowledge into action. It’s one thing to understand that you need to cut spending, but it’s another thing to actually put that knowledge into practice.

The same goes for paying down debt. An accountant can help keep you on track to repay what you owe. Professional guidance can also help you, say, determine how much of your earnings to automatically shift into a high-yield savings account.

Recommended: How Many Bank Accounts Should I Have?

The Takeaway

A personal accountant may be helpful if you’re an entrepreneur or you have a lot of personal financial issues to deal with. However, if going the DIY accounting route is more your style, you could enroll in a course to learn more about money management, do research online, or use a money-management app. Whichever method you choose, make sure you feel comfortable with the decisions you’re making for your money — and your future.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

Is it worth it to get a personal accountant?

That will depend on your personal situation. If you have very straightforward finances and taxes and are well–versed in money management, you may not need one. But if you are self-employed, have your own business, have a complex tax situation, or would like financial management advice, getting a personal accountant could be a wise move.

How much should tax preparation cost?

The cost of tax preparation will vary with location and the complexity of your tax filing. In terms of averages, the cost typically ranges from $170 to $250 for basic services.

Do I need a personal accountant?

Whether you need a personal accountant depends on your personal and financial situation. Working with a personal accountant can be valuable if you could use support filing your taxes, taking care of small business finances, and better managing your money.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 11/12/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
^Early access to direct deposit funds is based on the timing in which we receive notice of impending payment from the Federal Reserve, which is typically up to two days before the scheduled payment date, but may vary.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

SOBNK-Q425-010

Buy now, pay later (or BNPL) programs offer a kind of installment payment plan. It can give consumers the option of making a big purchase today and spreading out payments over subsequent weeks or months, possibly interest-free. You may find these services offered under such names as Afterpay, Affirm, or Klarna.

Many of the country’s largest retailers — including Saks Fifth Avenue, Target, Walmart, and Amazon — offer buy now, pay later services. This kind of short-term financing can be helpful for shoppers hoping to buy an item over time, but there are pros and cons to purchasing this way.

Here, take a closer look at BNPL, its benefits and drawbacks, and whether it’s a good option for you.

What Is a Buy Now, Pay Later Plan?

Buy now, pay later is a way of purchasing an item in which you pay it off over time. It’s similar to layaway, but you get to take possession of the item right away rather than wait until it’s fully paid off.

For instance, if you are buying a new refrigerator with all the bells and whistles, using BNPL means you can get the fridge delivered ASAP and pay it off over time. With layaway, you’d have to wait until your series of payments were made and then, and only then, would you get the appliance.

A couple of other important points to note:

•   BNPL can come with fees and interest, depending upon the particular program you use. In this way, it may be similar to using a credit card and not paying the full balance off at the end of the month.

•   Most buy now, pay later services run a soft credit check (which won’t affect your score) or no credit check at all. Since they don’t require strong credit, these plans can be an appealing option for consumers with a poor credit rating or no credit history.

•   Buy now, pay later services make money by charging interest and fees on delinquent payments. These lenders also typically charge the merchants fees. Retailers are often okay with this because these financing programs allow customers to spend more at their store, either in person or online.

The Rise of BNPL Services

You may wonder how popular buy now, pay later services are? Currently, estimates of how many Americans used buy now, pay later services in the past year range from 15% to 60%. Whichever number may be close to the actual figure, the Federal Reserve has found that the segment of people utilizing BNPL is rising.

How Buy Now, Pay Later Works

If you are wondering how BNPL works, here’s an example. Say you want to buy a $300 Vitamix Blender, but you hesitate to fork over the entire purchase price upfront. You just don’t have that much spare cash sitting in your online bank account. But if you click on a buy now, pay later app or sign up at checkout, you can purchase and receive the item right away. You are usually able to break up the $300 into several (often four) equal, interest-free payments. Typically, the first payment is due at checkout, and the remaining three are each due two weeks apart.

Process of BNPL

When opting for BNPL (a form of a short-term loan), you’ll likely be asked for some credentials, such as name, address, phone number, birthdate, and Social Security number. A soft credit check, which does not impact your credit check, is typically conducted to approve or reject your request to use these installment payments. If you get the green light, payments are typically deducted via your credit card, debit card, or bank account.

You will see this kind of BNPL option offered in various ways, whether you’re shopping for handmade jewelry on Etsy or booking a vacation.

BNPL and Fees

Short-term BNPL programs often don’t involve the consumer paying any interest or fees over, say, four payments. However, with longer-term BNPLs, interest may be charged, potentially at a high rate. In addition, if you don’t make payments on time, you can be hit with fees.

Common BNPL Providers

If you’re curious about buy now, pay later providers, here are some of the names you may see:

•   Affirm

•   Afterpay

•   Klarna

•   PayPal

•   Sezzle

•   Splitit

•   Sunbit

•   Zip

Advantages of Buy Now, Pay Later

Now that you know what is buy now, pay later purchasing, here’s a closer look at the pros of this kind of payment service.

Enhancing Purchasing Power

Buy now, pay later can allow you to buy something pricey without paying for it upfront. You get to take the item home and have the subsequent payments paid via credit card, debit card, or bank account. Unlike layaway plans, you don’t have to wait until the item is fully paid for before taking possession.

Saving Money

Some BNPL programs may offer consumers the opportunity to save on a major purchase. For instance, if you were to buy a new couch with BNPL and pay it off over four months, drawing funds directly from your bank account, you might fare better financially than if you bought it with your credit card and didn’t pay your balance in full. In this scenario, BNPL could help you avoid paying interest on your credit card.

This, in turn, can leave you with more cash in your checking account.

Quick Approval

If you apply for BNPL, you typically don’t need to wait more than a few seconds to be approved. This can be considerably quicker than seeking a line of credit via other means.

Potential to Build Credit Score

Some but not all lenders are reporting activity on BNPL programs to the credit bureaus. If this is the case and you pay on time, a BNPL purchase could positively impact your score.

Recommended: Can You Build Credit With a Debit Card?

Considerations Before Using BNPL

Now that you know about the upsides of BNPL services, dig into the potential drawbacks.

Potential for Overspending

This type of payment plan can be so appealing, it may entice people who are already struggling to pay their bills to splurge. It can be quick to apply and be approved, and consumers may overlook the possibility of being charged interest and fees (or even being put in for collection) if payments are late.

Paying Interest and Fees

If a BNPL plan is paid off as planned, the shopper may not incur any interest or fees. But if funds aren’t paid on time or a longer-term plan is chosen, an interest rate of up to 36% may be assessed. Late fees can run anywhere from one dollar to a double-digit percentage of the purchase price. As you see, it can wind up being a very expensive proposition if you cannot stick to the original schedule of paying for your item.

BNPL and Your Credit Score

The other factor to consider is that BNPL may mean that you miss the opportunity to build your credit score. If you choose a BNPL lender that doesn’t report your payments to the credit bureaus, you miss out on the positive value of on-time payments. Also, if you are late with your payments and your account is put in for collection, that could negatively impact your score.

Possible Loss of Rewards

You can earn credit card rewards and cash back if you use your plastic to pay for a purchase. When you pay via a BNPL service, you miss out on that opportunity.

Recommended: Ways to Manage Your Money

Comparing BNPL With Other Payment Options

If you’re contemplating using BNPL on a major purchase, take a moment to compare options.

Credit Cards vs BNPL

As noted above, BNPL plans may be able to help you avoid credit card interest fees if you pay the amount due on time and don’t wind up adding it to the balance on your plastic.

However, these plans could encourage you to overspend and possibly add to your credit card debt. In addition, if you pay your BNPL bills on time but this isn’t reported to the credit bureaus, you may be missing out on the opportunity to build your credit score. You may also not receive the cash back or other rewards that could be coming your way when you use your credit card.

Personal Loans vs BNPL

If you are making a single big purchase and feel confident you can stick with the terms of paying off a buy now, pay later plan, that may be a fine option.

However, if you are, say, redoing a kitchen and need to replace every major appliance, you may not want to wade into that many BNPL payments. If you can’t wait to save the money from your salary either, you might want to look into a personal loan, which can offer a more affordable interest rate vs. credit cards, and help you pay for what you need.

Worth noting that you will likely have a hard credit check vs. a soft pull if you go the personal loan route.

Is BNPL Right for You?

To decide if a BNPL is right for you, consider the following:

•   Is a buy now, pay later offer encouraging you to buy something you really cannot afford and don’t really need right now?

•   Do you feel confident you can fulfill the schedule of BNPL payments, avoiding interest and fees?

•   Do you really want or need to take the item home now vs. later via layaway?

•   Is it a concern that you may miss out on the opportunity to build your credit by paying with a credit card?

•   Are you comfortable with using BNPL vs. a credit card and thereby not reaping any of the rewards you might get via using plastic?

The Takeaway

Buy now, pay later plans can allow people to make purchases that they might not be able to easily afford otherwise. If you purchase an item this way, you will be spreading your payments out over a number of weeks or even months. Most of the time, there will be no interest. However, if you miss payments, you’ll likely be stuck with fees and may damage your credit score.

Another way to afford a major purchase is to simply set money aside each month in your bank account until you have enough to pay in full.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

How does buy now, pay later work?

Buy now, pay later is a form of financing that lets you buy an item and then pay for it over time, typically via no-interest installment payments. But if you miss a payment, late fees and possibly interest are incurred.

What’s the point of buy now, pay later?

Buy now, pay later can help you to buy an item, like a new smartphone, and then pay over time without any interest or fees.

Is buy now pay later bad for credit?

It depends. New scoring models can factor in buy now, pay later purchases, and if you make payments in a timely manner, this could help build your score. However, if you are late with payments or miss them entirely and those actions are reported to the credit bureaus, it could negatively impact your score.

Photo credit: iStock/Mikolette

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 11/12/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
^Early access to direct deposit funds is based on the timing in which we receive notice of impending payment from the Federal Reserve, which is typically up to two days before the scheduled payment date, but may vary.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

SOBNK-Q425-012

Financial literacy is a way of saying that you have a good working knowledge of the basics of managing money and using it to reach your goals. It typically means you understand budgeting; you know how different financial products can help you protect and grow your cash; and you are aware of how the financial climate (from inflation to interest rates) can impact your personal situation.

Building financial literacy is a valuable move because it helps you achieve goals like saving for the down payment on a house, affording your kid’s college costs, and being prepared for retirement.

Read on to take a financial literacy quiz, learn more about financial literacy, and find out how to build it.

Why Financial Literacy Is Important

Higher levels of financial literacy have been consistently linked to responsible money management. This can help consumers:

•   Avoid high-cost debt

•   Plan for financial goals

•   Avoid defaulting on mortgages

•   Build an emergency savings fund

•   Earn higher interest on investments

Boosting your financial literacy can be a great way to be confident that you have the information and insight you need to manage your finances well, today and tomorrow.

Are You Financially Literate?

If you feel as if you are not fully financially literate, it might be a case of not having focused on this aspect of your life. After all, financial literacy isn’t usually a part of the curriculum in high school or college.

Also, age plays a factor in financial literacy. The younger you are, the less money know-how you are likely to have. One recent study found that Gen Z (born between 1997 and 2012) had less financial savvy than Millennials, Gen X, and Boomers. Which could be understandable: The younger a person is, the less likely it can be that they’ve gone mortgage shopping, waded deeply into retirement planning, or researched health insurance.

Typically, financial literacy based on such key components of this type of knowledge as:

•   Knowing how to create a budget so that you’re aware of and accountable for where your money is going

•   Understanding how interest works when you save and invest, as well as how it works when you borrow, including the concept of compound interest

•   Saving, whether that means for emergencies (perhaps stashed in a high-yield savings account) or for a specific goal, such as a big-ticket item or even a house

•   Knowing the facts about credit card debt, managing your debt well, and avoiding the credit card debt roller-coaster

•   Protecting your identity and otherwise using practices to safeguard your funds

•   Investing wisely, and understanding how the average stock market return

Financial Literacy Quiz

Educating Yourself

If you’ve taken our quiz, the financial literacy questions will likely have helped you to pinpoint if you need to bolster your understanding of money matters.

Financial topics can be challenging, but fortunately, there are plenty of resources to help you increase your knowledge. Your bank may have a library of information as well as tools and calculators to help you do some number crunching and give you a better picture of your finances.

Your local library and book retailers, as well as financial magazines and websites, probably have plenty of information too. It can be a smart move to veer towards those publications that are well-regarded vs. following, say, an influencer without credentials but a lot of lofty promises on social media.

Podcasts, newsletters, and continuing-ed classes are other options. It can also make good sense to find a financial planner, who can walk you through your own unique challenges and opportunities.

Government Resources for Building Financial Literacy

There are also government resources, including those available at the Financial Literacy and Education Commission (FLEC), connected to the Treasury Department. This commission was founded to boost literacy.

Another government site, one created by FLEC, is dedicated to financial education: MyMoney.gov . This site provides practical information about each of what they call the five building blocks for money management (MyMoney Five), which are:

•   Earn: Understand your pay and benefits to make the most out of what you earn.

•   Save and Invest: Start as soon as you can to save for future goals, even if you need to begin by saving small amounts.

•   Protect: Create an emergency savings fund, choose the right insurance for your needs, and otherwise take precautions to protect your finances.

•   Spend: Shop around and compare prices and products to get a good value on purchases, especially with larger ones.

•   Borrow: Borrowing allows you to make essential purchases and also helps you to build credit, so it makes sense to understand how to borrow in the smartest way possible for your situation.

You can also access the government resource known as Federal Reserve Education , which provides resources for educators and students alike, while also empowering consumers to boost their understanding of banking. Topics include central banking and monetary policy, economics/macroeconomics, our government’s role in money regulation, personal finances, and more.

Here’s one more financial literacy resource from the federal government: FDIC’s Money Smart . This program provides resources to help people learn how to improve their financial management skills, from computer-based educational games to podcasts that focus on saving and borrowing.

The Takeaway

Building financial literacy can be done in a number of ways. Accessing government educational websites and diving into books, magazines, and podcasts from trusted sources can help build your money know-how. Also, look for a banking partner that provides educational resources.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

What is financial literacy?

Financial literacy means having the knowledge and the skills to manage your personal finances effectively.

Why is financial literacy important?

Financial literacy can play an important role in your money management. It can reduce financial stress and help you build wealth, avoid debt, navigate emergencies, and encourage greater confidence in money matters.

How can I improve financial literacy?

There are several ways to improve financial literacy. You might review government websites on the topic, listen to podcasts or read books from well–regarded experts, and see what resources your bank provides. Budgeting well, avoiding debt, and understanding investing can be important components of your financial savvy.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 11/12/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
^Early access to direct deposit funds is based on the timing in which we receive notice of impending payment from the Federal Reserve, which is typically up to two days before the scheduled payment date, but may vary.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

SOBNK-Q425-026

You may have noticed the nine-digit code at the bottom left of most checks. Called the ABA routing number (also known as a bank routing number), it identifies which financial institution is responsible for paying the check. You might also think of it as your bank’s numerical address or ID number.

It’s no big deal if you don’t know your bank’s ABA number by heart, but nevertheless, those nine digits are an important facet of many daily financial transactions, such as online bill-pay and signing up for direct deposit.

Here, you’ll learn what this number is, how it’s used, how to find it, and more information to keep your financial life running smoothly.

What Is an ABA Number?

Developed by the American Bankers Association (that’s where the ABA comes from), the main purpose of an ABA routing number is to make sure money gets where it needs to go.

In other words, routing numbers help identify which bank is responsible for paying money or giving credit to another bank. The routing number can also be used to identify which bank will receive payment or credit for a check or electronic transaction.

Rather than reading the name of a bank off a check (and potentially making a mistake), these numbers help enable bank employees and the machines that process checks do that job quickly and accurately.

Both the receiving and paying banks can use the routing number to improve the efficiency of their payment process operations.

ABA numbers also give consumers and businesses a reason to trust the banking system. Sellers can feel confident they will in fact get paid with funds from a legitimate bank and the buyers can rest easy knowing that they can prove their money is accessible and they can make a purchase or pay a bill.

What Do ABA Digits Stand for?

Here’s a closer look at what those routing number digits actually stand for (which you can also see in the image below):

The first four digits at the left indicate the Federal Reserve Bank that oversees the financial institutions in a particular location.

The next four digits identify your financial institution, or its ABA identification number.

The last digit is what’s known as a check digit number. It verifies the authenticity of the routing number.

ABA Number vs. Bank Account Number

Two crucial pieces of banking information are an account’s ABA number and the account number.

•  The ABA number identifies the financial institution where the account is held.

•  The bank account number reflects a particular, specific bank account, whether it’s checking, savings, or another kind of account.

What Is an ABA Number Used for?

The ABA number, as mentioned above, reflects the bank where an account is held. This is a critical piece of information when financial transactions take place. It allows these to be processed correctly and swiftly.

The History of the ABA Number

These routing numbers were first developed in 1910 by the American Bankers Association (ABA). At that time, it was just helpful in check processing, but it has continued to keep pace with banking innovation, including automated clearinghouses as ACH vs. checks become more popular, online banking protocols, and electronic funds transfer. It continues to play a vital role in so many basic banking matters.

Who Can Use ABA Numbers?

For a bank to be issued an ABA number, they must be a federal or state chartered financial institution and they must be eligible to have an account at a Federal Reserve Bank.

To obtain a routing number, the financial institution will work with Accuity, which is the official registrar of ABA Routing Numbers. Any newly formed financial institutions will have to submit an application to Accuity if they want to be assigned an ABA routing number.

Recommended: How to Write a Check to Yourself

Where Is the ABA Number on a Check?

When looking for the ABA routing number, look at the row of numbers at the bottom of a check.

There are a lot of numbers there, but the ABA number is the nine-digit, leftmost number. It will be the first set of nine numbers that you’ll see and begins with a 0, 1, 2, or 3.

Typically, to the right of that is the consumer’s account number, then, to the right of the account number, is the number of the check.

It’s important not to get these numbers confused, since it could lead to a delay or an error in the processing of a check, as well as any online payments you authorize.

How to Find Your ABA Numbers Without a Check

Every check in a consumer’s checkbook should include their ABA number, but if a check isn’t available, there are other ways for consumers to find out the routing number they’ll need to transfer money.

Bank Statements

Recent bank statements should list the bank’s ABA routing number alongside account information. Some bank statements come by mail or as paperless electronic statements.

Bank Website

A lot of banks prominently feature their ABA numbers on their website since so many customers want to know this information. You may want to keep in mind that some larger, national banks may have different routing numbers for different states, as well as different routing numbers for wire transfers or ACH (Automated Clearing House).

Asking Your Local Bank

Customers can always call their bank to ask what the correct ABA routing number to use is. Or if you have your account at a traditional vs. online bank, you could stop by a local branch.

ABA Online Lookup Tool

The ABA actually offers a free ABA Routing Number Lookup tool that can make it simple to find routing numbers for banks. Please note that users can only utilize this tool to look up two ABA numbers per day, and can’t look up more than ten numbers in the course of a month. Also keep in mind that some banks have different numbers for different states, as well as for different transactions.

When to Use an ABA Number

While you probably won’t need to use your ABA routing number every single day, you will likely need to enter this number for a number of common transactions, such as:

•  Direct (or ACH) deposits. When someone starts a new job and wants to set up direct deposits via ACH, they will most likely have to provide their ABA number and their bank account number.

•  Wire transfers. This involves sending or receiving money via a wire transfer, which is especially common for international transactions.

•  IRS direct deposits. To receive a tax refund, the IRS gives an option to have that money refunded via direct deposit. Allowing a direct deposit can speed up the refund process.

•  Paying bills or friends. You will likely need your routing number to sign up to pay bills online or to use mobile payment apps.

•  Making a deposit to your retirement account or transferring money to another bank. When you invest money for retirement or move money between banks, you might need to set up the transactions via ACH transfer, and that requires your bank routing number.

Recommended: Passive Income Ideas

What’s the Difference Between ABA and ACH Numbers?

The terms ABA and ACH (Automated Clearing House) are easy to mix up. ABA numbers are sometimes referred to as ACH numbers, although this is not technically correct.

ACH refers to an electronic fund transfer made between banks that is processed through the Automated Clearing House network.

The ACH is the main system that financial institutions utilize for electronic fund transfers. When using ACH, the funds are electronically deposited in the designated financial institutions, allowing payments to be made online.
Unlike wire transfers, ACH transfers are typically used for relatively small, and often regular, payments.

Consumers can utilize ACH for many types of transactions that put money in someone’s account and often do so without realizing it.

For example, through ACH someone could have their paychecks directly deposited into their checking and savings account or can make monthly debits for any routine bill payments, such as a student loan payment.

Many merchants allow their customers to pay their bills via ACH. The payer typically has to provide an account number and bank routing number to do so.

Online services transactions can also be conducted with ACH and most banks and credit unions use ACH for online bill payment services.

The Takeaway

The ABA routing number is a sequence of nine digits used by banks to identify specific financial institutions within the U.S. Found on the lower left of a check (as well as online and on your bank statements), you need to know your routing number for many basic financial transactions, such as paying bills online, signing up for direct deposits at work, using a mobile payment app, as well as transferring money from one financial institution to another.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

Are ABA numbers and routing numbers the same thing?

Yes, an ABA number and a bank routing number are the same thing. Those nine digits at the bottom of a check and to the left can be referred to by either term.

Is an ABA number always 9 digits?

Yes, the ABA or bank routing number is always nine digits long.

Does a debit card have an ABA number?

Debit cards do not have routing numbers; those nine digits are only found on checks to identify the financial institution that issued the check. Instead, debit cards have an account number as well as a PIN.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 11/12/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

We do not charge any account, service or maintenance fees for SoFi Checking and Savings. We do charge a transaction fee to process each outgoing wire transfer. SoFi does not charge a fee for incoming wire transfers, however the sending bank may charge a fee. Our fee policy is subject to change at any time. See the SoFi Bank Fee Sheet for details at sofi.com/legal/banking-fees/.
^Early access to direct deposit funds is based on the timing in which we receive notice of impending payment from the Federal Reserve, which is typically up to two days before the scheduled payment date, but may vary.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

SOBNK-Q425-008

If you’re leaving a job, you may hear the term “rollover IRA.” But exactly what is a rollover IRA? Employees have the option of moving their retirement savings from their employer-sponsored 401(k) plan to an individual retirement account, or IRA, at another financial institution when they leave a job. This IRA, where they transfer their 401(k) savings to, is called a rollover IRA. If the 401(k) plan was not a Roth 401(k), you’ll likely want to open what’s called a traditional IRA.

In this scenario, a rollover IRA is also a traditional IRA. But they aren’t always the same. You can have a traditional IRA that is not a rollover IRA. Read on for the differences worth noting between a rollover IRA and a traditional IRA.

Is There a Difference Between a Rollover IRA and a Traditional IRA?

When it comes to a rollover IRA vs. traditional IRA, the only real difference is that the money in a rollover IRA was rolled over from an employer-sponsored retirement plan.

Otherwise, the accounts share the same tax rules on withdrawals, required minimum distributions, and conversions to Roth IRAs.

Recommended: Types of Retirement Plans and Which to Consider

What Is a Rollover IRA?

A rollover IRA is an individual retirement account created with money that’s being rolled over from a qualified retirement plan like a 401(k). Generally, rollover IRAs happen when someone leaves a job with an employer-sponsored plan, such as a 401(k) or 403(b), and they roll the assets from that plan into a rollover IRA.

In a rollover IRA, like a traditional IRA, your savings grow tax-free until you withdraw the money in retirement. There are several advantages to rolling your employer-sponsored retirement plan into an IRA, vs. into a 401(k) with a new employer:

•   IRAs may charge lower fees than 401(k) providers.

•   IRAs may offer more investment options than an employer-sponsored retirement account.

•   You may be able to consolidate several retirement accounts into one rollover IRA, simplifying management of your investments.

•   IRAs offer the ability to withdraw money early for certain eligible expenses, such as purchasing your first home or paying for higher education. In these cases, while you’ll pay income taxes on the money you withdraw, you won’t owe any early withdrawal penalty.

There are also some rollover IRA rules that may feel like disadvantages to putting your money into an IRA instead of leaving it in an employer-sponsored plan:

•   While you can borrow money from your 401(k) and pay it back over time, you cannot take a loan from an IRA account.

•   Certain investments that were offered in your 401(k) plan may not be available in the IRA account.

•   There may be negative tax implications to rolling over company stock.

•   An IRA requires that you start taking required minimum distributions (RMDs) from the account at age 73, even if you’re still working, whereas you may be able to delay your RMDs from an employer-sponsored account if you’re still working.

•   The money in an employer plan is protected from creditors and judgments, whereas the money in an IRA may not be, depending on your state.

Recommended: 4 Step Guide to Retirement Planning

What Is a Traditional IRA?

Now that you know the answer to the question of what is a rollover IRA?, you’ll want to familiarize yourself with a traditional IRA. To understand the difference between a rollover IRA vs. traditional IRA, it helps to know some IRA basics.

From the moment you open a traditional IRA, your contributions to the account are typically tax deductible, so your savings will grow tax-free until you make withdrawals in retirement.

This is advantageous to some retirees: Upon retirement, it’s likely one might be in a lower income tax bracket than when they were employed. Given that, the money they withdraw will be taxed at a lower rate than it would have when they contributed.

A Side-by-Side Comparison of Rollover IRA vs Traditional IRA

Can You Contribute to a Rollover IRA?

By now you’re probably wondering, can I contribute to a rollover IRA?, and the answer is yes. You can make contributions to a rollover IRA, up to IRA contribution limits. For tax year 2025, individuals can contribute up to $7,000 (with an additional catch-up contribution of $1,000 if they’re 50 or older). For tax year 2026, they can contribute up to $7,500 (with an additional catch-up contribution of $1,100). If you do add money to your rollover IRA, however, you may not be able to roll the account into another employer’s retirement plan at a later date.

Can You Combine a Traditional IRA With a Rollover IRA?

A rollover IRA is essentially a traditional IRA that was created when money was rolled into it. Hence, you can combine two IRAs by having a direct transfer done from one account to another, or by rolling money from one IRA to the other IRA.

There’s one important aspect of the rollover process that will help prevent the money from counting as an early withdrawal or distribution to you, and that’s being timely with any transfers. With an indirect rollover (which is when the money goes to you and you move the money into the new plan), you typically have 60 days to deposit the money from the now-closed fund into the new one. (Another option is a direct rollover, when the funds go directly from your 401(k) into the IRA account.)

A few other key points to remember: As mentioned above, if you add non-rollover money to a rollover account, you may lose the ability to roll funds into a future employer’s retirement plan. Also keep in mind that there’s a limit of one rollover between IRAs in any 12-month period. This is strictly an IRA-to-IRA limit and does not apply to rollovers from a retirement plan to an IRA.

How to Open a Traditional or Rollover IRA Account

Opening a traditional IRA and a rollover IRA are identical processes — the only difference is the funding. You can open a traditional or rollover IRA by doing the following:

•   Decide where to open your IRA. For instance, you can choose an online brokerage where you can choose your own investments, or you can select a robo-advisor that will offer automated suggestions based on your answers to a few basic investing questions. (There’s a small fee associated with most robo-advisors.)

•   Open an account. From the provider’s website, select the type of IRA you’d like to open — traditional or rollover, in this case — and provide a few pieces of personal information. You’ll likely need to supply your date of birth, Social Security number, and contact and employment information.

•   Fund the account. You can fund the account with a direct contribution via check or a transfer from your bank account, transferring money from another IRA, or rolling over the money from an employer-sponsored retirement plan. Contact your company plan administrator for information on how to do the latter.

The Takeaway

Both a rollover IRA and a traditional IRA allow investors to put money away for retirement in a tax-advantaged way, with very little difference between the two accounts.

One of the primary questions anyone considering a rollover IRA should consider is, will you keep contributing to it? If so, that would prevent you from rolling the rollover IRA back into an employer-sponsored retirement account in the future.

Whether it’s a rollover IRA you’ve created by rolling over an employer-sponsored retirement account or a traditional IRA you’ve opened with regular contributions, either account can play a key role in your retirement game plan.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

FAQ

Can you take money out of a rollover IRA?

Yes, but if you take money from a rollover IRA (or a traditional IRA for that matter) before age 59½, those withdrawals are subject to income tax and an early withdrawal penalty of 10%. There are certain exceptions, however. If you withdraw the money for certain higher education expenses or to buy your first home, for example, the penalty may not apply.

Why would you rollover an IRA?

A rollover is when you move money between two different types of retirement plans. Typically, you might roll over an IRA if you leave a job with an employer-sponsored plan, such as a 401(k) or 403(b). You would roll the assets from that plan into a rollover IRA where your savings grow tax-free until you withdraw the money in retirement.

You could instead choose to leave the money in your former employer’s plan, if that’s allowed, or roll it over into your new employer’s 401(k) or 403(b) plan, if they have one. However, a rollover IRA may offer you more investment choices and lower fees and costs than an employer-sponsored plan.

Can I roll over assets into my traditional IRA?

Yes, rolled over money can be contributed to a traditional IRA. It’s also worth noting that you can also combine a traditional IRA and a rollover IRA. You can do this with a direct transfer from one account to another, or by rolling money from one IRA to another, for instance. Just keep in mind that there is a limit of one rollover between IRAs in any 12-month period.