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Whether you’ve been turned down for a private student loan or you’re applying for the first time, it’s important to understand how a cosigner can impact your loan application.

Having a cosigner on a student loan is a bit like a letter of recommendation to get into college. A cosigner can reassure the bank or lender that you are capable of repaying the loan. A cosigner is not always required for student loans, such as with most federal student loans. Depending on a student’s financial history, employment, and what type of loans they’re applying for, the likelihood of requiring a cosigner will vary.

Read on to learn more about what a cosigner is and when it may make sense to add one to your student loan application. This article will also discuss some of the risks involved with being a cosigner, and some tips on how to ask someone to be a cosigner on a student loan.

What Is a Student Loan Cosigner?

A cosigner is a person who agrees to repay the loan if a borrower defaults or is otherwise unable to pay their debt. Adding a cosigner to a student loan application could help the primary borrower secure a lower interest rate, depending on the cosigner’s financial and credit history.

When a cosigner takes on a student loan with the borrower, they’re assuming equal responsibility to repay the loan. Any negative actions on the loan, such as a late payment or defaulting, could harm the cosigner’s credit.

How to Decide If You Need a Cosigner on a Private Student Loan

Before deciding whether you need a cosigner on a private student loan, you’ll want to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®). This will determine how much aid you’ll receive, and help you and your family determine how much of a gap you’ll need to fill with other sources of funding.

Once all other options are exhausted, students could look into private student loans and consider a cosigner. When considering a cosigner, there are several factors to evaluate, including the type of loan you’ll be applying for, your credit history, credit score, income, and any history of missed payments. Continue reading for a more in-depth discussion of these factors.

1. What Type of Student Loans Are Being Considered?

The type of loans you’re applying for may affect your need for a cosigner.

Federal Student Loans

For the most part, federal loans do not require a credit check or a cosigner. The federal loan types that do not require a cosigner include:

•   Direct Subsidized Loans

•   Direct Unsubsidized Loans

•   Direct Consolidation Loans

The exception is a Direct PLUS Loan, which does require a credit check. Borrowers interested in a Direct PLUS Loan may need an “endorser” for the same reasons they may need a cosigner for a private student loan: if their credit history and other financial factors are lacking.

A Direct PLUS Loan can help graduate students and parents of undergraduate students pay for the entire cost of school attendance, minus any other financial aid. Direct PLUS Loans are the only federal student loans that look at an applicant’s credit history, thus the potential need for an endorser.

An endorser is the equivalent of a cosigner — they agree to repay the Direct PLUS Loan if the borrower defaults or is delinquent on payments.

Private Student Loans

If an applicant doesn’t meet the lending requirements on their own, they might need a cosigner to obtain any private student loan. To qualify for a private student loan, you typically have to check more boxes regarding financial history than you would for a federal student loan.

According to a report by MeasureOne, 92% of private undergraduate student loans and nearly 66% of private graduate student loans originated in the 2021-2022 school year had a cosigner. Based on this, it is more likely than not that a student will add a cosigner on their private student loan application.

Both Federal and Private Student Loans

Once a student has a full understanding of the financial aid they qualify for after submitting their FAFSA, they can determine if federal student loans and other federal aid like scholarships and grants will cover the cost of their education or if they need to supplement the amount with a private student loan. While the borrower might not need a cosigner for federal loans, they might require one for private student loans they might take out.

2. Are You an Undergraduate or Graduate Student?

The necessity of a cosigner may vary depending on whether a person is applying for graduate or undergraduate private student loans.

Undergraduate Student

Undergraduates are generally more likely to need a cosigner on their private student loans. That’s because undergraduates typically haven’t established a lengthy credit history. Without an established credit history, there is no track record for lenders to evaluate. In addition, undergrads might not have a steady income, which can also affect whether they are approved for a loan without a cosigner.

Graduate Student

The type of schooling a person is pursuing won’t have an impact on the need for a cosigner. However, a person’s credit history and income will still factor into the decision.

3. How Does Your Credit Score Factor into the Decision?

Most private lenders will look at an applicant’s credit score (among other factors) to determine eligibility. Having a lower credit score may make it more challenging to get a loan without a cosigner.

FICO® Scores (the most common credit scores used by lenders and financial institutions) range between 300 and 850. If a person wants to check their score, many websites offer free credit scores or credit score monitoring (just be sure to read terms and conditions carefully).

It’s possible to get a free credit report annually from AnnualCreditReport.com. It is important to note that this is not the only site where someone can request a free credit report. For example, they can get their credit report directly through the credit bureaus or on other online sites.

Ultimately, it’s up to each individual lender to consider the credit score and other financial factors before approving a loan, and every lender has different criteria.

4. How Long Is Your Credit History?

A person’s credit history gives lenders a sense of their ability to pay on time, or ability to pay off debt in full. The length of a person’s credit history makes up about 15% of their FICO® Score.

Length of credit history is determined by Average Age of Accounts (AAoA). Lenders take the lifespan of a person’s accounts and divide by the number of accounts that person holds. A potential borrower can determine this number by figuring out how long they’ve had each account in their credit history, then dividing by the number of accounts.

The real sweet spot for credit history comes at the seven-year mark. From that point, early negative marks on accounts might have faded away. It shows lenders that a borrower can pay loans and maintain accounts over time.

There are a number of factors at play in lending decisions, but a short credit history could mean that adding a cosigner is beneficial.

5. What Is Your Employment Status?

Lenders want to be sure that you can repay your debts, so they’ll generally also evaluate an applicant’s income.

Employed Full-Time

Generally, if a person is employed full time at a salaried job, it shows lenders they have the capability to repay the loan they’re borrowing. Lending requirements vary based on the lender, but having an established income history may help an applicant avoid needing a cosigner.

Employed Part-Time

While part-time employment can still be beneficial for a loan application, it’s possible that a cosigner might help boost the application. The applicant’s debt-to-income ratio will come into play — that is, how much debt a person owes (credit cards, rent, other bills) divided by the income they earn before taxes and other deductions.

Of course, all lender requirements vary, but significant, consistent income can factor into whether the applicant will still need a cosigner.

Only a Student (Not Employed)

If an applicant is not employed, lenders may be more inclined to approve a loan if there’s a cosigner who is able to show stable income.

6. Have You Ever Declared Bankruptcy?

Lenders can and do consider all aspects of a person’s financial history before granting a loan, bankruptcy included. Declaring bankruptcy negatively affects a person’s credit score, which private lenders pay close attention to with a loan application. A bankruptcy filing can stay on a person’s credit history for a decade.

Bankruptcy filings can affect a credit score in a number of ways, and depending on how long ago it took place, the effects on a person’s score will vary.

7. Have You Defaulted on a Loan?

The terms of each loan are different, but after a period of nonpayment, the loan enters default. Defaulting on a loan stays with a person’s credit history for at least seven years and typically negatively affects their credit score.

If a person has defaulted on a previous loan, they’ll likely need a cosigner on their student loan to potentially bolster their lend-ability.

8. Have You Ever Missed a Payment?

On-time payments each month can help show lenders that a person is a responsible borrower. Missing payments or consistently making late payments can have a negative impact on a person’s credit score. Payment history accounts for approximately 35% of an individual’s FICO® Score.

Consistently missing payments that have affected a person’s FICO® Score might cause a potential lender to require a cosigner. It could also cause concern for a potential cosigner, so students might want to keep that in mind.

A solid history of on-time payments shows a lender that a person is a responsible candidate for a loan and might not need a cosigner.

Choosing a Cosigner

As stated near the beginning of this post, the majority of private student loan borrowers have a cosigner. But not all cosigners are built the same, and choosing the right person to cosign a loan could be as important as the terms of the loan itself.

A cosigner should not only have a strong financial history, but also a strong relationship with the applicant. A cosigner might be a parent or blood relation, but they don’t have to be. A cosigner ideally has a stable financial history and a relationship to the applicant where they feel comfortable discussing money.

Asking Someone to Be a Cosigner

There’s a common misconception that cosigning on a loan is as easy as signing a contract, but it actually means more than that. When a person asks someone to be their cosigner, they shouldn’t shy away from discussing the challenging topic.

It may make sense to talk about worst-case scenarios with a cosigner, and make it clear it would be their responsibility to take on the payments if you default. Discuss how you could repay the cosigner in the event that you can’t make payments.

Risks of Cosigning

Beyond the worst-case-scenario discussion, cosigners should know the additional risks they take on when cosigning a student loan:

•   Credit score. Cosigning a loan will affect a person’s credit score, since they’re taking on the debt as well. Even if the borrower makes on-time payments and doesn’t default, the cosigner will see a change in their credit score by taking on the additional debt. It could potentially benefit their score.

•   Liability. If the borrower defaults on the loan, it becomes the cosigner’s responsibility to pay for it. A lender can come to collect from the cosigner, seizing assets and garnishing paychecks to cover missed payments.

However, the cosigner doesn’t need to stay tied to the loan forever. Private student loans may have a cosigner release policy in place. After a duration of on-time payments and additional paperwork, a lender may release the cosigner from the loan, leaving the borrower on their own.

It might sound easy, but a cosigner release isn’t a guarantee and not all private loans will offer this option. Read the terms of your loan carefully to understand the requirements for cosigner release.

The Takeaway

Like every college application, each loan application is a little different. Certain aspects of a person’s credit history or employment might make them more compelling to a lender. Other elements, like late payments or a limited credit history, might make a person less compelling to lend to.

Adding a cosigner to a private student loan is common and can improve your chance of approval, sometimes even with a lower interest rate than if you applied on your own.

If a student has exhausted all of their federal student loan options, private student loans could be an option worth considering.

SoFi offers private student loans with no origination fees, no late fees, and no insufficient fund fees. Plus, SoFi offers flexible repayment options to help students find the loan that fits their budget.

Learn more about private student loans with SoFi. 

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Understanding the average salary of a profession can help you make a variety of important decisions, from what field you want to enter to where you want to live and work. In California, the average physician makes more than $200,000 per year. Knowing that, medical students have a better idea of what they could make when they get out of school. Likewise, physicians looking to relocate to a new state have a better sense of how their salary can change based on where they decide to move.

Here’s a closer look at how much medical doctors make a year in California, regional differences in salary, and the top-paying medical specialities in the state.

What Is the Average Salary for a Medical Doctor in California?

The average salary of a physician in the state of California is $229,420 per year, according to data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). This figure doesn’t account for a physician sign on bonus, which some doctors receive. Interestingly, California is squarely in the middle when it comes to average physicians’ salaries, along with Oregon, Texas, Maryland, and New York. The average salary in California lags more than half of states, including Arizona, Florida, Wyoming, Kentucky, and South Carolina.

Though many consider anything more than $100,000 a good salary, California’s relatively low pay may come as a surprise to some. However, there are some possible explanations. For one, California spends the most on Medicaid among U.S. states. Medicaid — and Medicare, for that matter — both reimburse physicians at rates lower than their usual fees. Doctors who are seeing a lot of elderly or low-income individuals may see their incomes reduced.

Note that early in your career as a doctor, while you’re in your residency or fellowship, you’ll likely make considerably less than you will later in your career. Explore ways to get by on a medical resident’s salary.

You may also want to consider using a spending app, which can help you set financial goals and a budget and track where your money goes.

Recommended: Budgeting as a New Doctor

How to Become a Doctor in California

Doctors are health care professionals who are charged with meeting with patients, diagnosing their conditions, and managing their care plans. They perform tests and prescribe medications. And they must coordinate with a range of other health care professionals, including other doctors, nurses, and emergency medical technicians.
That’s a lot of responsibility, and as a result, it takes a lot of training to become a doctor.

First, you’ll need to complete a bachelor’s degree in a field that relates to medicine, such as pre medicine, biology, or biochemistry.

Next, you’ll need to go to medical school, where you will receive classroom and practical training to advance your knowledge in the medical field. Medical school is typically a four-year program. While in school, you’ll complete the first and second parts of the U.S. Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). The average cost of medical school can be high, running more than $50,000 a year at private institutions.

When you graduate from medical school, you’ll enter a residency program that helps you choose a medical specialty. These programs usually last three years, and under the supervision of an experienced physician, you’ll work full time as a resident doctor. You’ll complete your residency by passing the third and final part of the USMLE.

After your residency, you can choose to complete a fellowship that gives you further training in the specialty you’ve chosen. Though fellows tend to make more than residents, their salary isn’t as high as new doctors. The good news is, there are ways to budget on a medical fellowship salary.

Finally, you’ll need to obtain a California medical license from the Medical Board of California. You can renew your license every two years, which requires 50 hours of continuing medical education.

Recommended: What Is the Average Medical School Debt?

Reasons to Become a Doctor

Becoming a doctor can involve a lot of challenges, but it can also be immensely rewarding work. Here are a few reasons you might become a doctor:

•   To help others: Doctors diagnose and treat medical conditions, helping to save and improve patients’ lives. They are often involved in ongoing treatment, ushering patients down the path to recovery. Being a physician is a people-centric profession that involves working closely with patients and their families to explain medical conditions and treatment options.

•   To work in the sciences: If you’re interested in a variety of scientific fields, from biology to chemistry to anatomy to pharmacology, being a doctor is a way to explore these subjects while also helping others.

•   To find purpose: The responsibility toward patients and coworkers and the ability to better people’s health and well-being often provide doctors with a sense of satisfaction and meaning in their work.

•   To become a teacher: Becoming a doctor requires a lot of schooling and ongoing training. Doctors may pass on this knowledge by educating patients on how to lead healthier lives, educating medical students in teaching hospitals, and supervising residents.

•   To have job security: The job outlook for physicians is relatively low, with the field expected to grow 3% through 2031. That said, there are still 23,800 openings for physicians projected each year, according to BLS data.

•   To make a good salary: The annual average wage for all workers in the United States is $58,260, according to the BLS — quite a bit lower than the $229,420 average annual pay for physicians in California.

Best-Paying Medical Doctor Jobs in California

The medical speciality you pursue in California will have a big impact on your salary. According to BLS data, here are some of the highest-paid physicians in California:

Psychiatrist

Psychiatrists help diagnose and treat mental disorders. Unlike psychologists, they are allowed to prescribe drugs for medical treatment.

Average salary: $305,290

Obstetricians and Gynecologists

OBGYNs provide medical care related to childbirth and diagnose and treat diseases of the female reproductive organs. They also specialize in women’s health issues like hormone problems, infertility, and menopause.

Average salary: $309,610

Anesthesiologist

Before, during, or after surgery, anesthesiologists administer anesthetics (which reduce sensitivity to pain) and analgesics (which act as pain relievers).

Average salary: $318,030

Cardiologists

Cardiologists diagnose and treat conditions of the cardiovascular system.

Average salary: $343,370

Radiologists

Radiologists use medical imaging techniques, such as x-rays, MRIs, and ultrasounds to diagnose and treat diseases and injuries.

Average salary: $345,100

Pathologists

A pathologist helps diagnose diseases by running tests on organs, tissue, and bodily fluids, such as blood.

Average salary: $350,980

Surgeons

Surgeons are medical doctors that may have to perform surgery, a procedure that physically changes a patient’s body.

Average salary: $351,580

Recommended: Starting (and Keeping) an Emergency Fund

The Takeaway

Being a doctor can be fulfilling, as it allows you to help people through work in the medical sciences. It can also be monetarily rewarding, and understanding average salaries can help you make decisions about where you want to live and what you want to specialize in. Though income varies by speciality, the average salary for physicians in California is $229,420 per year.

As you build your practice and earn a salary, a money tracker app can help you get your financial house in order. The SoFi app connects all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see all of your balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score monitoring, plus you can get other valuable financial insights.

Stay up to date on your finances by seeing exactly how your money comes and goes.

FAQ

What is a doctor’s yearly salary in California?

In California, a doctor can expect to make $229,420 per year on average, according to data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

What is the highest-paying medical specialty?

Among the highest-paid doctors in California are pathologists, surgeons, and radiologists.

Who earns more: a dentist or a doctor?

In California, doctors tend to make more than dentists, who earn ​​$165,950 per year on average.

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Photo credit: iStock/Drazen Zigic

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

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College financial aid includes grants, scholarships, work-study and federal student loans. Scholarships and grants are forms of aid that generally don’t need to be repaid. Students who qualify for work-study are able to find part-time employment that can help them pay for college costs. Federal student loans are also considered financial aid, but unlike scholarships or grants, generally need to be repaid, typically with interest. Because you’ll be responsible for repaying student loans, it’s essential that you fully understand the terms of borrowing.

After applying for federal aid by filling out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®), students can expect to receive a financial aid award that details the type and amount of aid for which they qualify. Financial aid can be incredibly helpful when trying to finance your college education, but it’s possible that you may not receive enough to fully foot your tuition bill. If that’s the case, there are other options available to help you pay for your education. Continue reading for more information on understanding your financial aid package and the options to consider should you find yourself in need of additional funding.

The Steps to Getting a Financial Aid Package

In order to get any financial aid package for college, the first step is generally to fill out a Free Application for Federal Student Aid , commonly known as FAFSA^®.

The FAFSA for the 2023-24 school year became available Oct. 1, 2022, and the application cycle ends on June 30, 2024. Some states and colleges have separate deadlines for the FAFSA to determine aid. Consider contacting your school’s financial aid office for questions on the deadline required by your state or school.

Filling out the FAFSA requires some basic financial and income information. If you’re a dependent student, then you’ll need your parents’ financial info as well. For higher income families or those in unique financial situations, this can be a little tricky.

All federal loans, both subsidized and unsubsidized, require a FAFSA in order to determine eligibility. Colleges may also use the FAFSA to determine their own financial aid awards and packages, based on things like expected family contribution and financial need.

After you fill out the FAFSA, the Office of Federal Student Aid at the U.S. Department of Education will process your FAFSA and send you a Student Aid Report (SAR), which is essentially a summary of your information. It’s usually worth reviewing this information in detail to confirm that all of the information is accurate. If you find a mistake after reviewing your SAR, you’ll likely need to update or correct your FAFSA .

The SAR will include the calculated Expected Family Contribution (EFC), which is how much you and/or your family can be expected to contribute personally towards your education. (Next year, the EFC will be replaced by the Student Aid Index.)

Then, colleges use this information to determine eligibility for university, local, state, and federal financial aid. Sometimes schools may also ask for additional information, particularly if you are applying for school-specific scholarships.

The schools will then assemble a financial aid package that could be made up of grants, loans, work-study, and other waivers, and send you an “award letter.” Reviewing your award letter carefully can help you choose the financial aid mix that is right for you. Often these financial aid award letters come shortly after admissions decisions, though this may vary. Students typically have a deadline (often May 1, which is National College Decision Day) to make their decisions by.

It’s important to understand and compare the financial aid packages you’ve gotten from different colleges — even if that can be a little confusing. The key is to break down the jargon in order to help make an informed decision.

Understanding What’s in the Average Financial Aid Package

The format of an award letter can vary from college to college. That, in combination with financial aid jargon can make it difficult to decipher, but at its heart a financial aid package is a list of different amounts of money in different forms of loans, grants, work-study, or other tuition waivers that should add up to cover the cost of the college, minus your expected family contribution.

Yet, you may have to decode the language and research each of the line items. Sometimes, for example, instead of clearly identifying loans as such, they might be simply denoted with abbreviations like “L” or “LN” in the award letter. Here are the different types of financial aid you may see in your financial aid package:

Grants and Scholarships

These don’t have to be repaid, so they are sometimes referred to as “gift aid.” These could be school, state, or federal scholarships and grants you qualified for and were awarded.

Work-Study

This is part-time work you will do and be paid for. You’ll be paid at least the federal minimum wage, but depending on the job, you could earn more. Being granted work-study in your aid package does not always guarantee a job. Depending on the school you attend, you may be matched with a job or you may have to apply for and secure your own job.

Federal Student Loans

Federal loans can be either subsidized or unsubsidized, and usually have lower interest rates than private loans. There is also typically a cap on how much you can borrow.

Subsidized loans are for undergrads and are awarded based on financial need; additionally, the government pays the interest on them while you’re in school at least half-time, during your grace period, or during periods of deferment.

Unsubsidized loans are available to undergraduate and graduate students and are not awarded based on financial need. This type of loan accrues interest while a student is enrolled at least half-time, during the loan’s grace period, or during other periods of deferment.

Borrowers have the option to make interest-only payments during this time, but are not required to do so. If the interest on the student loan accrues, at the end of the deferment period it will be capitalized or added to the principal value of the loan.

There are also PLUS loans for parents and graduate students, which are also unsubsidized.

Beyond Federal Financial Aid: Private Student Loans

Private student loans are not part of a federal financial aid package. Private student loans can be borrowed from a private lender, which typically have more stringent financial qualifications and, like federal loans, must be paid back with interest. Typically, that interest also accrues while you’re in school.

Check the terms of any private student loans you’re considering and the interest rate being offered to get a sense of how they stack up to federal loans. Federal loans also offer benefits that private student loans do not, such as income-driven repayment plans, deferment options, or the

In order to make the decision that’s best for you, you’ll want to compare the total cost of attendance, how much gift aid is being awarded, and the loans you’ve received and their terms. This should give you a better idea of how much any federal loans will cost you, and whether there is a gap in funding.

The total cost of college may change over a student’s enrollment, so it generally needs to be calculated each year. Consider things like fluctuation in tuition rates, federal interest rates, and your financial aid award which, among other factors, have the potential to change.

Tips on How to Compare Financial Aid Packages

One of the most important things to look at when comparing financial aid packages for college is the net price. What that means is the actual cost to you, minus all awards. To find the net price you need to figure out the total cost for each college and then subtract the amount of grants and gift aid (e.g., not loans).

Factor in how much you can borrow in loans, and carefully consider the loan terms. And then you can calculate how much each college will cost you additionally out-of-pocket.

Just because one school is giving you more in financial aid doesn’t mean it’s necessarily the best financial option. For example, if it will ultimately cost you more because the college is more expensive and, perhaps, you’re going to need to borrow a private student loan with a comparatively high interest rate to cover what your federal aid doesn’t cover.

However, a financial aid package won’t always list the net price and many of the financial aid award letters don’t even necessarily tell you how much a specific college costs in total.

Some letters only outline the direct cost to the school — e.g., tuition and fees — but don’t include room and board or other expenses.

It can be helpful to make your own spreadsheet to ensure you’re comparing apples-to-apples. Figure out the total cost of attendance for each school you’re considering. Include tuition, fees, room and board, and you can even estimate expenses like books, supplies, and living expenses.

Note how much is being awarded in gift aid (grants and scholarships), how much you’re offered federal student loans, and how much it’ll cost you out-of-pocket. If needed, consider private student loans, carefully evaluating their loan terms.

Also understand whether the scholarships or grants in your aid package are a recurring award that will be given to you each year, or whether they are a one-time award.

It’s also worth noting that you are not required to accept all of the loans offered in your financial aid package. You can choose to borrow a lesser amount, which could help save you money in the long run by reducing the money you owe in interest.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and the College Board both have tools to more accurately compare financial aid packages and the costs of college.

If Your Financial Aid Package for College Isn’t Enough

Sometimes you do the math, compare all the costs, and feel like your financial aid package for college just isn’t adding up.

Appeal the Financial Aid Decision

It is possible to appeal a financial aid package, particularly if you’ve had changed circumstances or if there was a gap between the cost and the award. While writing an appeal letter might be a first step if your financial aid package isn’t enough to cover the cost of college, it doesn’t guarantee your award will change.

It also might be the case that circumstances change and you lose your financial aid or portions of your award package. In these situations, there are options in addition to or besides appealing.

Apply for Private Scholarships

You can look into private scholarships, of course. These are different from the scholarships and grants awarded by the state or school. However, private scholarships are considered non-need-based aid and will factor into the cost of attendance — and each school deals with that differently.

Get a Part-Time Job

Even if you don’t qualify for the work-study program, you could look for a part-time job. There may be on-campus jobs available, like working as a teaching assistant, or tour guide. Another option is to look off-campus for a job. There may be local restaurants, coffee shops, or stores that are looking for part-time associates.

Consider a Private Student Loan

Private student loans are another tool that could help students fill in financial gaps. Keep in mind, that, as mentioned, private student loans may lack borrower benefits afforded to federal student loan borrowers. If you think a private student loan is something that could work for you, get quotes from a few different lenders to compare the terms and conditions, so you can find the best loan for you. Some student borrowers may also consider applying with a cosigner, who could potentially help them qualify for more competitive loan terms.

The Takeaway

Your financial aid package will state the amount and types of aid you receive. Financial aid includes scholarships, grants, work-study, and federal student loans. Carefully compare your financial aid awards at each college when you are making your college decision.

If you don’t get enough financial aid, you might consider getting a part-time job, applying for private scholarships, or borrowing a private student loan. Keep in mind that, as mentioned, private student loans are generally only considered an option after all other financing has been exhausted. If you’re interested in a private student loan, consider SoFi. SoFi offers private student loans with no origination fees and no late fees.

Find out what rate and terms you may prequalify for in just a few minutes. 

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SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

Checking Your Rates: To check the rates and terms you may qualify for, SoFi conducts a soft credit pull that will not affect your credit score. However, if you choose a product and continue your application, we will request your full credit report from one or more consumer reporting agencies, which is considered a hard credit pull and may affect your credit.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Dental care is an important part of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, as oral health is connected to health issues in other parts of the body.

The demand for dentists, like other health care professionals, is on the rise, partly due to an aging U.S. population and partly due to more attention on dental health with each generation. The aging population is likely to need additional oral care, some of which can include complicated procedures.

By learning about the average tuition costs and ways to pay for dental school, prospective students can figure out if a dental career is the right choice for their future.

Employment Outlook for Dentists

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects there to be a 6% increase in available dentist jobs from 2021 to 2031. Dentists can work in a variety of settings, such as in private practice — either on their own or with a partner — or in an outpatient care center, among others.

The median annual salary of a general dentist was $163,220 in 2021. For perspective, the median annual U.S. income in the same year was $70,784.

While dentistry pays well, it also costs a lot to become a dentist. Dental school programs typically take four years to complete after students have already completed a bachelor’s degree. A degree from an accredited dental school will be either a D.D.S. — Doctor of Dental Surgery — or a D.M.D. — Doctor of Dental Medicine.

Individual universities determine which degree is awarded, but they are both approved by the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA), a part of the American Dental Association (ADA). Whichever degree a dental graduate is awarded, chances are they may also have hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of student loan debt to contend with after graduation.

How Much Does Dental School Cost?

The range of dental school costs depends on whether a student is in state (resident) or out of state (non-resident), and whether attending a public or private school. In-state public school tuition is typically going to be the least expensive option for most students.

According to the ADA, the average first-year cost of dental school (public or private), including tuition and mandatory fees, in 2021-2022 was $53,601 for residents and $71,742 for non-residents.

The cost difference between public schools and private schools can be substantial. The average resident cost for the first year of a public dental school program was $39,662, while the resident cost for private dental school was $72,271. After four years in school, students are looking at between $158,648 and $289,084 worth of debt, on average.

According to the American Dental Education Association (ADEA), in 2021, 81% of dental school students graduated with dental school debt. The average debt for a dental school graduate for the same year was $284,855.

Prospective students can compare the cost of dental schools and then determine how much they are willing to pay for their education. According to the ADA, there are 70 accredited dental schools throughout the United States and 10 in Canada.

Ways to Pay for Dental School

Even though dental school tuition can be expensive, students have options when figuring out how to afford it. Students can explore scholarships, grants, fellowships, or service programs to help pay for dental school.

Federal or private student loans are also an option. After graduating from dental school, some borrowers may consider refinancing their student loans as they pay off dental school debt. Continue reading for more details on ways to pay for dental school.

1. Scholarships and Grants

Scholarships and grants are awards that, in most cases, don’t have to be repaid. For students without the means to pay for tuition and other costs from personal savings, exploring these options may be a good place to start.

Dental schools may offer scholarships and grants to students who meet certain academic standards or who are working towards a certain type of degree, for example. When researching dental schools, prospective students may consider asking financial aid offices about available scholarships and grants.

Along with reaching out to schools, students may want to research scholarships and grants through organizations like The American Dental Association, The American Association of Public Health Dentistry, or The American Dental Education Association. There are also a variety of online scholarship search tools that students can use to find scholarships.

Recommended: What Is a Scholarship & How to Get One?

2. Employment

Dental school is rigorous, but if students have the time and energy, they may want to consider working to supplement their educational costs. The Federal Work-Study program is available to graduate and professional students with financial need, and has the same eligibility requirements and position availability as it does for undergraduate students. Financial aid offices at individual schools will have information pertaining to this program.

Training grants and fellowships, an option some dental students might find appealing, are sources of funding that often include a stipend and sometimes cover part of a student’s tuition.

These programs are designed to further a student’s education in a specific research area that interests them. They differ from simple grants in that there is a work component to them.

3. Service Programs

The Bureau of Health Workforce offers scholarships, loans, and loan repayment programs to eligible healthcare students and workers, including those in the dental field. One program, the National Health Service Corps (NHSC), provides scholarships to eligible students pursuing degrees in certain health professions.

In exchange for two years of full-time service in an underserved area, recipients will receive one year of scholarship support, up to a limit of four school years. The Bureau of Health Workforce also offers grants to eligible applicants through the Oral Health Workforce Development programs.

Service programs are also offered through the Indian Health Service (IHS). Eligible American Indian and Alaska Native students can apply for the IHS Scholarship, externship programs, or loan repayment programs. Scholarships are available to eligible students in pre-dental programs or for those completing dental school.

Recipients agree to serve a two-year commitment with the IHS. Third-year dental students can choose to apply for an externship, which typically spans two to four weeks, with placement in an Indian health facility. Loan repayment programs are either through the IHS or the NHSC. Both include a service commitment.

Students willing to serve in the military may want to consider programs through the United States Army, Navy, or Air Force. Each branch offers scholarships through the Health Professions Scholarship Program (HPSP).

Military scholarships cover full tuition and other related costs, plus a monthly stipend. Recipients agree to serve on active military duty in exchange for scholarship funds — the number of years varies with the branch and the number of years the student receives the scholarship.

4. Federal Student Loans

Completing the FAFSA® (Free Application for Federal Student Aid) form is the first step students should take to determine eligibility for federal financial aid. To fill out the form, they will need to provide personal identification and financial records.

Federal student loans for graduate and professional school students are either Direct Unsubsidized Loans or Direct PLUS Loans. Students may borrow up to $20,500 each year in Direct Unsubsidized Loans, and eligibility is not based on financial need.

If a student has costs in excess of that borrowing limit, they may want to consider a Direct PLUS Loan. Like a Direct Unsubsidized Loan, eligibility for a Direct PLUS Loan is not based on financial need, although a credit check is required.

Students are encouraged to ask the financial aid office at their school about school-based loans that might be available. Some federal funds are offered to schools instead of directly to students and are tied to certain eligibility requirements.

5. Private Student Loans

It’s always recommended that students exhaust all federal student loan options before considering a private student loan. But if there is still a financial need, a private student loan may be the right choice for some students. Private student loans are available from private lenders and are awarded based on factors including your income, credit history, and credit score, among other factors.

Considering Student Loan Refinancing

After graduating, now-dentists may consider refinancing their student loans to secure a more competitive interest rate or more favorable terms. Refinancing also allows borrowers to combine all their loans into a single loan. This won’t be the right choice for all borrowers because when you refinance federal loans you’ll lose access to any federal benefits — like any loan forgiveness options.

Should you refinance your student loans? The answer is personal and will depend on factors including the amount of student debt you currently have, your credit score, income, and whether you are refinancing without a cosigner.

A cosigner is someone who agrees to repay the loan if you are unable to do so for any reason. Adding a cosigner can potentially strengthen your application, allowing you to secure more competitive terms than without the cosigner.

Recommended: Student Loan Refinance Guide

To get an idea of what refinancing could do for your student loans, take a look at SoFi’s student loan refinancing calculator.

The Takeaway

Dental school can be expensive but can lead to a fulfilling and lucrative career. When determining how to pay for dental school, students can explore dental school scholarships, grants, federal student loans, and private student loans. After graduating, former students may consider student loan refinancing, to combine their existing loans and hopefully secure more competitive terms.

Graduate school loans from SoFi have competitive rates, no fees, fixed and variable loan rates, and multiple repayment options. Pre-qualification can be completed in as little as three minutes.

SoFi members can access live customer support seven days a week, may qualify for rate discounts on additional SoFi loans, and have access to other exclusive member benefits.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

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SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
If you are a federal student loan borrower, you should consider all of your repayment opportunities including the opportunity to refinance your student loan debt at a lower APR or to extend your term to achieve a lower monthly payment. Please note that once you refinance federal student loans you will no longer be eligible for current or future flexible payment options available to federal loan borrowers, including but not limited to income-based repayment plans or extended repayment plans.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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