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College is expensive, with the yearly cost of attendance at private schools now topping $60,000 on average. Looking at these numbers, you may wonder how you will ever possibly afford to send your kids to college.

But before you get too disheartened, it’s important to understand that a college’s published “sticker price” is often very different from what you actually have to pay (known as the net price). What’s more, just putting a small amount of money aside each month in a college fund can add up to a significant sum over time, especially if you take advantage of a tax-advantaged college savings account.

Read on to learn key things about how to save for college — from estimating how much you need to set aside to picking the right college saving fund.

Determining the Cost of College for Your Children

Tuition costs vary widely, depending on the type of school your child wants to attend, the type of degree they’ll earn (bachelor’s or associate), and even geographic location.

According to the College Board, the average annual college tuition costs for the 2024-25 school year were:

•  $11,610: public four-year in-state (a 2.7% increase from 2023-24)

•  $30,780: public four-year out-of-state (a 3.2% increase from 2023-24)

•  $43,350: private nonprofit four-year (a 3.9% increase from 2023-24)

•  $4,050: public two-year in-district (a 2.5% increase from 2023-24)

The College Board also studied the annual, inflation-adjusted change in college tuition and fees over the last decade, which showed some declines:

•  -4%: four-year public schools for in-state students

•  -9%: two-year public schools for in-district students

•  +4%: four-year private (nonprofit) schools

If your kids are young, you may wonder how much college will cost when it’s time for them to head off. Fortunately, there are many online calculators that can help you figure this out, taking factors like your child’s age, the type of school you expect your child to attend, and the expected rise in the cost of college into account.

Net Price vs Sticker Price

Every college and university, private or public, lists a sticker price, which is also known as the cost of attendance (COA). This price includes tuition, fees, room and board, books, supplies, and miscellaneous expenses.

The net price, on the other hand, is what a student would actually pay, after factoring in any financial aid provided by the college and the federal government.

Financial aid is based on your family’s income, as well as the student’s academic achievement. Aid is offered in the form of grants, scholarships, work-study, and sometimes federal student loans. Schools offer aid based on financial need, a student’s “merit,” or a combination.

When you fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), you will receive a Student Aid Index, or SAI. (Previously, this was called the Estimated Family Contribution, or EFC.) Colleges use this number to determine the amount of financial aid they award to accepted students. Typically, colleges come up with a financial aid package to help bridge the gap between the school’s sticker price and what your family can afford to pay.

Indeed, sometimes colleges with the highest sticker price end up costing less than a college with a much lower sticker price.

Recommended: How to Start Saving for Your Child’s College Tuition

Using a Net Price Calculator

Fortunately, you can get an idea of what the net price will be for a particular college before you apply by using the government’s net price calculator. This tool can help students and their families get a better idea of the cost of college, after subtracting scholarships, grants, and other financial aid.

Keep in mind, though, that the net price calculator is going to require specific details about your income and assets, so the more transparent you are regarding your personal finances, the more precise your calculation is likely to be.

When Is a Good Time to Start Saving for Your Child’s Education?

Generally, the sooner the better. In fact, it can be wise to set up and start making small monthly contributions to a college savings fund soon after your child is born.

For some familes, however, it may not be possible to start saving that early. It’s equally important to pay attention to your other expenses and family’s needs. For example, you may want to prioritize building an emergency and paying off expensive credit card debt over saving for college. It’s also a good idea to make sure you’re on track with retirement savings. At the end of the day, students are able to get loans for an education but it’s not possible to take out loans to fund retirement.

Some Options for Saving

When thinking about how to help finance your child’s college education, consider these alternatives.

529 Plan

A 529 education savings plan is an investment account that can be used to save for the beneficiary’s qualified education expenses. The funds can be used to pay for higher education or private elementary or high schools. A 529 plan allows your savings to grow tax-free, and some states even offer a tax deduction on your contributions.

All 529 plans are set up at the state level. However, you don’t have to be a resident of a particular state to enroll in its plan.

If your child decides not to go to school, it’s possible to roll the account over into the name of another family member. If the funds aren’t used for education-related expenses, there may be taxes and penalties.

Family members and friends can also contribute to a child’s college savings plan. They may choose to make deposits to an existing 529 account or set up one themselves, naming a beneficiary of their choice.

Some 529 savings plans offer an age-based investment option to automatically adjust the risk of the investment strategy as the beneficiary gets older. This type of investment approach might be similar to how a target date fund works in your retirement plan.

Regular Savings Accounts

You can also save for your child’s college tuition using a savings account at a traditional bank, credit union, or online bank. Just keep in mind that interest rates, even for high-yield savings accounts, tend to be relatively low. Plus, savings accounts don’t offer the tax advantages you can get with some other college savings vehicles.

It may be difficult to reach education financing goals through a traditional savings account alone since the interest rate might not keep pace with the inflation of college expenses.

Roth IRAs

Although generally used for retirement savings, a Roth IRA can be used to pay for the cost of college. Contributions to a Roth IRA are made with after-tax dollars but earnings grow tax-free.

Generally, to withdraw the earnings from an IRA without paying a penalty (or taxes), the account holder needs to be at least 59 ½ years old. However, if you made the first contribution to your Roth IRA at least five years before, you can also withdraw the growth penalty-free for qualified education expenses, including tuition, books, and supplies.

Keep in mind that, while there may not be an early withdrawal fee, the earnings withdrawn may still be subject to income tax.

Other Options to Pay for College

Sometimes saving alone isn’t enough to cover the cost of college. In that case, there are other funding options available that could help students and their families pay for college.

Private Scholarships

Scholarships are essential free money for college because you don’t have to pay them back. Scholarships are typically merit-based and are offered through a variety of organizations and institutions, including nonprofits, corporations, and even directly from universities and colleges. In some cases, scholarships are awarded on the basis of nationality, ethnicity, or economic need. There are a number of searchable scholarship databases that compile different scholarship opportunities.

Federal Financial Aid

When you complete the FAFSA each year, you will become eligible for federal financial aid. This can include scholarships, grants, work-study, and federal student loans (which may be subsidized or unsubsidized).

Private Student Loans

If savings and financial aid aren’t enough to cover the cost of college, you can fill in gaps using private student loans. These are available through private lenders, including banks, credit unions, and online lenders.

Loan limits vary from lender to lender, but you can often get up to the total cost of attendance, which gives you more borrowing power than with the federal government. Interest rates vary depending on the lender. Generally, borrowers (or cosigners) who have strong credit qualify for the lowest rates.

Keep in mind, though, that private student loans may not offer the borrower protections — like income-based repayment and deferment or forbearance — that automatically come with federal student loans.

The Takeaway

College tuition can be a daunting expense. Setting up a dedicated account to save for college tuition can help make the process much more manageable. There are accounts, like 529 plans, that are designed specifically to pay for educational expenses.

In addition to savings, students and their families may rely on scholarships, grants, federal student loans, or private student loans to pay for tuition and other educational expenses.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

What’s the biggest downside of a 529 plan?

One of the biggest downsides of a 529 plan is that if you use your savings for nonqualified expenses (that is, not for approved educational expenses), you will be charged an additional 10% tax on earnings.

How much to save for college?

There are many variables when it comes to saving for college, such as whether the student will go to an in-state university or a private college. It can be wise to estimate costs and then aim to save a third of that amount, using grants, scholarships, and federal and private student loans to finance the rest.

How much does college tuition cost?

For the 2024-25 school year, tuition costs averaged $11,610 for students at public four-year in-state schools; $30,780 for those who are out-of-state students at public four-year universities; and $43,350 for students at private four-year nonprofit colleges. These figures do not include room and board and other expenses.

About the author

Julia Califano

Julia Califano is an award-winning journalist who covers banking, small business, personal loans, student loans, and other money issues for SoFi. She has over 20 years of experience writing about personal finance and lifestyle topics. Read full bio.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

SOISL-Q325-146

If you’re planning to shoulder all or some of the cost of your child’s college education, you’re giving your child a wonderful gift. And that’s just how the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) sees it — as a gift. Depending on the amount you offer, and whether you give it directly to your child or to the school, you could get hit with an additional expense, known as the gift tax.

Whenever you give someone money that is a gift, you automatically become subject to the gift tax. Whether you actually need to pay that tax, however, will depend on the size of the gift and what it was used for. Here are some things to keep in mind if you want to give your child money for college but avoid getting hit with any additional taxes.

What Is the Gift Tax?

According to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) , the gift tax is “a tax on the transfer of property by one individual to another while receiving nothing, or less than full value, in return. The tax applies whether the donor intends the transfer to be a gift or not.”

That’s a lot of words to essentially mean that if you give someone a gift of property, including money, without getting something of equal value in return, that may be considered a gift. And if you’re gifting, it might be subject to the gift tax. In general, the gifter is responsible for paying the gift tax costs .

Before you start worrying if you’ll have to pay a gift tax on the $100 bill you slipped into your niece’s graduation card, it is important to know that the gift tax generally only affects large gifts.

This is because there is an “annual exclusion” for the gift tax, which means that gifts up to a certain amount are not subject to the gift tax. For 2023, the annual exclusion is $17,000; for 2024, it’s $18,000. If you and your spouse both gift money to your child, the annual exclusion is $34,000 in 2023, and $36,000 in 2024.


💡 Quick Tip: You’ll make no payments on some private student loans for six months after graduation.

Gifting Your Money Directly to Your Children

Children are not treated differently when it comes to the gift tax, which means that whether you’re gifting your neighbor money for being really great all those years, or transferring $20K to your son’s bank account to help him pay for college, the gifts are treated in the same way by the tax code.

This means that a gift you make to your child for the purpose of paying tuition or covering educational expenses may be subject to the gift tax if the gift exceeds $18,000 in 2024 (if you’re single) or $36,000 (if you’re married and making a joint gift).

With the average cost of attendance at a private university now exceeding $55,000 per academic year, it’s conceivable that you would end up giving your child a cash gift that exceeds the annual gift tax exemption.

One way around this is to gradually put money aside every year in a 529 account. Gifters can contribute up to $18,000 in 2024 to a 529 account per person, per year with no risk of getting hit with a gift tax. That means a married couple could gift up to $36,000 per account, per year in 2024 without having to pay a gift tax.

Recommended: Paying for College: A Parent’s Guide

Paying College Expenses Directly

In addition to the annual exclusion limit, the IRS also waives the gift tax for gifts that are used to pay tuition expenses. There’s no limit on how much you can pay but the caveat is that you have to give the money directly to your student’s school. Otherwise, any amount over the annual exclusion limit will be subject to the gift tax.

This means that, in some cases, it may save you some cash to pay the school directly rather than first giving the money to your child and having them use it for tuition. It is important to consider all your options, however, as gift tuition payments may impact the student’s need-based aid.

Other Ways to Pay for College

If you don’t have enough savings, or would rather not deplete your savings to pay for your child’s tuition and expenses, here are some other ways to help your child cover the cost of college.

Help Your Student Complete the FAFSA

Submitting the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is a critical step when it comes to getting federal student aid. While the FAFSA is the student’s responsibility, when a student is considered a dependent student for FAFSA purposes, parents have a large role in the application process. As a result, you as a parent can help make the process faster and easier.

The FAFSA is a gateway to several forms of financial aid, including grants, scholarships, work-study, and federal student loans, so it’s worth filling out even if you don’t think you will qualify for aid. Many colleges also use the FAFSA when awarding institutional (merit-based) aid and some states use the form for certain state-based aid.

Take Out a Parent Loan

If your student has a gap in funding after tapping financial aid, including federal student loans, you might next look into parent student loans. You have two options: Parent PLUS Loans and private student loans. The best one for your situation generally depends on your credit history.

Here’s what to consider when looking at Parent PLUS Loans vs. private student loans.

Parent PLUS Loans

With Parent PLUS Loans, you can borrow up to the cost of the child’s attendance each year, minus any financial assistance that has been awarded, with no limit on the amount borrowed. This is true regardless of the parent’s income.

For Parent PLUS Loans first disbursed on or after July 1, 2023, and before July 1, 2024, the interest rate is 8.05%, which is higher than most other federal student loans. There is also a loan fee of 4.228%. As federal loans, however, Parent PLUS loans have access to multiple government-sponsored repayment plans and forgiveness programs.

Parent PLUS loans are not subsidized, so interest begins to accrue on the outstanding loan balance as soon as funds are disbursed and continues to accrue even if you choose to defer making payments on the loan until after your child graduate’s college.

Recommended: What Percentage of Parents Pay for College?

Private Student Loan for Parents

If you have good or excellent credit, you may be able to qualify for a private student loan for parents that has a lower interest rate than a Parent Plus Loan. Depending on your credit, you could potentially see a difference of 2% or more. Over the course of a 10-year repayment period, that lower interest rate can add up to significant savings. Keep in mind, though, that private loans do not offer the same protections and benefits that automatically come federal education loans.

If you’re considering private student loans, be sure to check your rates with multiple lenders to find the right loan for you. You can typically browse rates without any impact to your credit score (prequalification generally involves a soft credit check).


💡 Quick Tip: Need a private student loan to cover your school bills? Because approval for a private student loan is based on creditworthiness, a cosigner may help a student get loan approval and a lower rate.

The Takeaway

Paying for your child’s college education is considered a gift in the eyes of the IRS. However, parents can give up to $18,000 in cash to a child individually and $36,000 jointly in 2024 without getting hit with a gift tax. Parents can also pay for tuition directly to the college to avoid getting hit with a gift tax, with no upper limits.

You can reduce how much you’ll need to chip in for your child’s college expenses by helping your student fill out the FAFSA. This will give them access to scholarships, grants, work study, and federal student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

About the author

Julia Califano

Julia Califano is an award-winning journalist who covers banking, small business, personal loans, student loans, and other money issues for SoFi. She has over 20 years of experience writing about personal finance and lifestyle topics. Read full bio.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
SOIS1123004

Student loan payments are a heavy burden for many people working in public service. The pandemic-related pause on payment and interest accrual on student loans offered many firefighters relief from their student loan payments. But in October 2023, student loan payments resumed. Now, many borrowers, including firefighters, are struggling. About 40% of all federal borrowers missed their first payments.

Don’t let stress make you put off taking action on your debt. There are actually a number of relief programs that can help firefighters lower their monthly payments, even get the balance of their loans forgiven. Here’s a guide to help you navigate your forgiveness and repayment options.

Understanding Student Loan Forgiveness for Firefighters

If you’re hoping to become a firefighter, or already working as one, you’ve made a noble choice. Besides putting out local blazes, firefighters also rescue victims, educate the public on fire prevention, attend to medical emergencies, and respond to disasters.

While working as a first responder can be rewarding, repaying your student loans can be a challenge on a firefighter’s salary. The good news is that firefighters have options for student loan assistance and forgiveness, including Public Service Loan Forgiveness, income-driven repayment plans, consolidation, and refinancing. What follows is an overview of student loan forgiveness and relief programs for firefighters.


💡 Quick Tip: Often, the main goal of refinancing is to lower the interest rate on your student loans — federal and/or private — by taking out one loan with a new rate to replace your existing loans. Refinancing makes sense if you qualify for a lower rate and you don’t plan to use federal repayment programs or protections.

Public Service Loan Forgiveness for Firefighters

The Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program cancels qualifying student loans for individuals, including firefighters and emergency medical personnel, who have worked in public service for 10 years and have made 120 payments on their loans. If you’re eligible, this can be one of the best ways to get loan forgiveness as a firefighter.

Qualifying Criteria for Firefighters Under This Program

To qualify for PSLF, you need to be employed full time by a federal, state, local, or tribal government or qualifying not-for-profit organization. You can use the Department of Education’s employer search tool to see if your employer qualifies for PSLF.

In addition, you must:

•   Have federal Direct Loans (or consolidate other federal student loans into a Direct Loan)

•   Repay your loans under an income-driven repayment plan or a 10-year Standard Repayment Plan

•   Make a total of 120 qualifying monthly payments that need not be consecutive

Note that payments that would have been due during the pandemic-related pause count toward PSLF as long as you meet all other qualifications. You will get credit as though you made monthly payments.

If you have Federal Family Education Loans (FFEL), Federal Perkins Loans, or student loans from private lenders, these do not qualify for PSLF. However, you do have other relief and repayment options (more on those below).

Steps to Apply and Track Progress for Loan Forgiveness

To be considered for PSLF, you’ll need to submit a PSLF form. The easiest way to do this is by using the government’s PSLF Help Tool.

You can use this tool to request that your employer’s eligibility be reviewed (if it is not already in the government’s database), prepare and sign your PSLF form, and request certification and signature from your employer.

You can log in to StudentAid.gov any time to track your PSLF progress. Keep in mind that you’ll need to certify your employment every year and any time you change employers.

Income-Driven Repayment Plans and Loan Forgiveness

If you don’t qualify for PSLF, you may find that an income-driven repayment plan helps reduce student loan payments so they fit more easily into your budget.

With an income-driven repayment (IDR) plan, you make regular payments based on your income and family size for 20 or 25 years. Payments could even be $0 if you’re currently unemployed or earn less than 150% or 225% of the poverty threshold, depending on the plan you choose.

Whatever balance is left at the end of the repayment term is forgiven.

Loan Forgiveness Options Available Through Income-Driven Plans

The following income-driven repayment plans may be eligible for forgiveness:

•   Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE), which replaced the REPAYE plan

•   Income-Based Repayment (IBR)

•   Pay As You Earn (PAYE)

•   Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR)

All income-driven repayment plans share some similarities: Each caps payments to between 10% and 20% of your discretionary income and forgives your remaining loan balance after 20 or 25 years of payments. (With the SAVE Plan, those with undergraduate loans will see payments decreased from 10% of discretionary income to 5% starting July 2024.)

The plans also have some distinct differences, so before enrolling in any income-driven plan, you’ll want to plug your loan information into Federal Student Aid’s Loan Simulator. This will give a good idea of your monthly bills, overall costs, and forgiveness amounts under each plan.

Payments under every IDR plan count toward PSLF. If you’ll qualify for this program, choosing the plan that offers you the smallest payment is likely your best bet.

Steps to Enroll in an Income-Driven Repayment Plan

You can apply for an IDR plan online at the government’s IDR request page. You’ll need:

•   A verified FSA ID

•   Your income information

•   Your personal information (address, email, etc)

•   Your spouse’s information (if applicable)

Once you log in online, you can click “I want to enter an income-driven plan.” The application process is quick and easy and should take about 10 minutes. You can save and continue the application later, so you don’t need to finish it in a single session.

Federal Perkins Loan Cancellation for Firefighters

A Perkins Loan is a type of subsidized federal student loan based on financial need. The Perkins Loan Program ended in 2017. However, people who received a Perkins Loan are still required to pay those loans and are eligible for the benefits of the Perkins Loan Program.

As a firefighter, you may be eligible to have up to 100% of your loan balance canceled in the following increments:

•   15% per year for the first and second years of service

•   20% for the third and fourth years

•   30% for the fifth year

Eligibility Requirements for Firefighters

To be eligible for Perkins Loan cancellation, you need to be:

A firefighter with five years of full-time service employed by a federal, state, or local firefighting agency to extinguish destructive fires or provide firefighting-related services that began on or after Aug. 14, 2008.

Process to Apply for Perkins Loan Cancellation

You can apply for Perkins Loan forgiveness by contacting the school that issued the loan. The financial aid office or billing office should be able to provide the necessary paperwork.

The college will process your completed application. You will need to provide them with proof that you work for a qualifying employer as a full-time firefighter to be eligible for Perkins Loan forgiveness.

If approved, you’ll get your Perkins Loan balance, plus the interest on the loan, forgiven in five stages, provided you remain employed as a full-time firefighter.

While you are enrolled in the Perkins Loan forgiveness program, you don’t have to make monthly loan payments. If you stop working for a qualified employer as a full-time firefighter, however, loan payments will resume right away.

Loan Consolidation for Firefighters

If you have multiple federal student loans and want to simplify repayment, you might consider federal loan consolidation. If you have FFEL, Perkins, or parent PLUS loans, you will need to consolidate to be eligible for income-driven repayment, public service loan forgiveness. or other relief programs.

When you consolidate federal loans, the government pays them off and replaces them with a Direct Consolidation Loan. Your new fixed interest rate will be the weighted average of your previous rates, rounded up to the next one-eighth of 1%. Your new loan term could range from 10 to 30 years, depending on your total student loan balance.

You can access the direct consolidation loan application at StudentAid.gov. You’ll need to finish the application in one session, so you’ll want to gather the documents listed in the “What do I need?” section before you start, and set aside about 30 minutes to fill it out.

During the application process, you’ll get the opportunity to choose a repayment plan. You can either get a repayment timeline based on your loan balance or pick one that ties payments to income. If you pick an IDR plan, you’ll need to next fill out an IDR plan request.

Loan Refinance for Firefighters

If you have higher-interest federal or private student loans, you may be able to refinance your debt with another lender to get a lower interest rate, lower monthly payments, or both. Be cautious about extending your loan term to get lower payments, however. Longer loan terms could mean you’ll pay more interest over time.

Refinancing involves taking out a new loan with a private lender and using it to pay off your existing student loans. While your credit rating doesn’t matter when you take out a federally-backed student loan or consolidate federal student loans, you’ll need a solid credit score and record of stable employment to qualify to refinance a student loan with a new lender. Generally, borrowers with excellent credit get lower interest rates and better loan terms.

You can often shop around and “browse rates” without any impact to your credit scores (prequalifying typically involves a soft credit check). Just keep in mind that refinancing federal loans with a private lender means losing access to government protections like IDR plans and student loan forgiveness programs.


💡 Quick Tip: Refinancing could be a great choice for working graduates who have higher-interest graduate PLUS loans, Direct Unsubsidized Loans, and/or private loans.

The Takeaway

As a full-time or volunteer firefighter, the return to repayment of federal student loans after a nearly three-and-a-half-year pause may be putting a significant strain on your budget. We want to help you figure out your best plan of attack on debt. Some options that may be able to help ease the burden of repayment for firefighters include PSLF, IDR plans, consolidating, and refinancing.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.

About the author

Julia Califano

Julia Califano is an award-winning journalist who covers banking, small business, personal loans, student loans, and other money issues for SoFi. She has over 20 years of experience writing about personal finance and lifestyle topics. Read full bio.