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Paying for college can be a major financial challenge for middle-income families who often earn too much to qualify for need-based aid but not enough to comfortably cover tuition and related expenses. As college costs continue to rise, these families must explore a variety of strategies — such as scholarships, tax credits, savings plans, and smart borrowing — to make higher education more affordable.

Keep reading to learn more on how middle-income families can afford college, including how financial aid works, how to calculate your need, and more.

Stuck in the Middle

When you look at published tuition numbers, the cost of higher education has been rising at an astonishing pace over the past 20 years. But the amount that students actually pay is less than it was a decade ago, according to the College Board’s Trends in College Pricing report.

For the 2024-25 school year, students enrolled in private nonprofit colleges paid tuition and fees of $16,510 on average. Yet the sticker price for those institutions was much higher: around $43,350. Similarly, in-state tuition and fees at a public four-year college or university averaged $2,480 for 2024-25, compared to the published price of $11,610.

Even with grants and other financial aid, many parents can’t afford the cost of college. At the same time, their earnings are too high to qualify for more need-based aid. College savings for kids can also be hampered by parents’ own federal and private student loans and other financial obligations, such as a mortgage or caring for aging grandparents.

If you’re feeling caught in the middle, know that resources are available to help make college tuition more affordable for your family. Here’s what to look for.

Recommended: What Is the Cost of Attendance in College?

The First Step: Understanding Financial Aid

To maximize the amount of tuition help you get, you need to know how and when to apply for financial aid, the different types of aid, and especially how schools award that aid.

Financial aid can come from federal and state governments, colleges, and private organizations. Some help comes in the form of loans, which have to be paid back. Grants, scholarships, and work-study programs do not have to be repaid.

Broadly, there are two types of financial aid: need-based and merit. Let’s take a closer look at both.

Need-Based Aid

Need-based aid is money students receive to help pay for college based on their financial situation.

How much need-based aid you get is largely determined by the information you submit on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®). Aid provided by the state and your college or university is also largely determined by FAFSA information.

Federal need-based aid includes subsidized government loans, Pell Grants, and work-study programs.

There’s also need-based aid that colleges provide independently of federal financial aid. Many private colleges meet full financial need for admitted students without any loans. This aid is sometimes awarded to families with household incomes well over $100,000. Some colleges come very close to meeting full need, and many colleges will consider requests for more aid from admitted students.

Recommended: FAFSA Guide

How Colleges Calculate Your Need

Most colleges calculate aid based on the information you provide in the FAFSA each year. Factoring in your income and financial obligations, the government calculates your Student Aid Index, or SAI.

The SAI is the amount the government formula determines you can afford to pay for one year of college based on parent and student income, assets, number of dependents, number of children in college, and more. After you submit your FAFSA, you’ll see your SAI number in the confirmation email you receive.

Colleges use the SAI as a reference point, but are not obligated to stick to it. The colleges your student is accepted to may determine that your responsibility is higher than the SAI.

But need-based aid isn’t the only game in town. There’s also something called merit aid, or non-need aid, in the mix.

Merit-Based Aid

Merit aid consists of grants and scholarships that are awarded based on something other than financial need. It’s often given for academic, athletic, artistic, or other special interests. Merit aid does not need to be paid back, and it may or may not be renewed each year, depending on the award.

As you may guess, merit aid is far more subjective than need-based aid. During your student’s college search, it’s helpful to know these general trends in merit aid.

Which Schools Award Merit Aid?

Private and high-priced colleges usually award more merit aid than public state schools because of their larger endowments. One exception: Ivy League schools do not grant merit aid.

If your student plans to attend a public college or university out of state, you will likely face higher tuition. But attractive candidates may also be awarded more merit aid to help compensate for those extra costs.

Finally, state school honors programs can come with tuition discounts or academic scholarships.

Recommended: What a Merit Scholarship Is & How to Get One

What Is the Common Data Set and How Can You Use It?

One way to dispel the mystery around how colleges award financial aid is to understand the Common Data Set. The CDS is a standard set of data that schools collect about admissions, student demographics, faculty demographics, financial aid, academics, and campus life. Schools send the data to publications and organizations that rank colleges and universities.

The New York Times calls this data a “rich trove” about campus life and college finances. Most schools post their CDS on their website.

Not every school can meet every family’s full need for tuition. That’s where the CDS comes in: It can tell you how much need, on average, a school is able to meet and how many students receive need-based and merit aid. You and your student can then prioritize schools that either meet the most student need or award the most merit aid regardless of need.

How to Find the CDS

Most schools post their CDS data on their website. Often the best way to get to the data quickly is to type the name of the university and “Common Data Set” in your search engine. You’ll likely come up with a link to a PDF.

Try not to be overwhelmed by the length and less-than-reader-friendly format. As you scroll through, you’ll find lots of useful information on all aspects of admissions and campus life.

Why Some Schools Don’t Want You to See the CDS

You may discover in your search that some schools don’t post their CDS. That can be because they don’t want families to know they got a below-average aid offer, or they don’t want the public to know how many or few people are paying full price.

As efforts continue to encourage full disclosure and diversified, equitable student bodies across the country, the number of schools that don’t post this information is dwindling.

Other Ways Middle-Income Families Can Pay for College

Even as savvy parents exhaust all sources of need-based and merit aid, you may find that you’ll still have to pay for some college costs. Here are some additional resources that may be available.

Scholarships

Scholarships are available for all types of students in virtually every area of study. Scholarship money, which does not have to be paid back, can be found through nonprofit groups, corporations, state governments, and community organizations, to name just a few. Start your search with SoFi’s scholarship search tool.

Federal Grants

Types of federal grants include:

•   Pell Grants. You do not have to pay back Pell Grants. They are awarded based on financial need to low-income families.

•   Work-study grants. As the name implies, these grants allow students to work at various part-time jobs at or around campus. You do not pay federal taxes on earnings from work-study programs.

Federal Student Loans

Types of federal student loans include:

•   Direct Subsidized Loans. The government pays the interest on Direct Subsidized Loans while you’re in school, during grace periods, and during periods of deferment. Interest rates are usually lower than private student loans, and there is usually a cap on how much you can borrow..

•   Direct Unsubsidized Loans. Direct Unsubsidized Loans are not awarded based on financial need, but students with need often use them. Because the loan is “unsubsidized,” the principal will accrue interest while you’re in school. You may make interest-only payments during that time, but you’re not required to do so. If you don’t, the interest that accrued is added to the principal amount of your loan.

•   Direct PLUS Loans. Direct PLUS Loans are fixed-interest rate loans available to parents of undergraduate, graduate, and professional degree students to help pay for tuition. They are not subsidized.

Private Student Loans

A private student loan is a type of education loan offered by banks, credit unions, or online lenders to help students pay for college-related expenses when federal aid and other funding sources are insufficient.

Unlike federal student loans, private loans typically require a credit check and may offer either fixed or variable interest rates, which are based on the borrower’s (or cosigner’s) creditworthiness. Repayment terms, interest rates, and borrower protections vary by lender, making it important to compare options carefully before borrowing.

Recommended: Private Student Loans vs Federal Student Loans

The Takeaway

Middle-class families can often feel “caught in the middle” of the college financing situation. They earn too much to qualify for enough need-based aid, but not enough to pay for all college costs.

To maximize your financial aid award, it helps to know how and when colleges award their aid. First, use the Common Data Set to help you prioritize schools that award more need-based or merit-based aid. Then, complete the FAFSA each year your student is in school. Also, make sure to search for state and private scholarships that are not tied to the FAFSA.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

What income qualifies for need-based financial aid?

There’s no income cap for financial aid. Your need is determined by information you provide in the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) about your assets and financial obligations. Many families making six figures qualify for need-based aid.

What types of financial aid are available to middle-income families?

Middle-income families may access various forms of aid such as need-based grants, merit-based scholarships, work-study programs, federal student loans, and private student loans.

Are there specific strategies for middle-income families to reduce college costs?

Yes, strategies include considering in-state public colleges, utilizing community college pathways, and encouraging students to apply for a variety of scholarships and grants.

Photo credit: iStock/jacoblund

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOISL-Q225-026

Balancing parenthood and higher education is no easy task — especially for single mothers and fathers who are often managing work, child care, and household responsibilities on their own. Student loans can offer a lifeline, making it possible to pursue a degree and improve long-term financial stability.

However, navigating the world of financial aid can be overwhelming, with so many options, requirements, and decisions to consider. Here, we’re breaking down the key information single parents need to know about student loans — including federal aid, private lenders, and tips for borrowing wisely.

What Are Student Loans?

Put simply, student loans allow you to borrow money from either the federal government or a private lender to help you pay for college costs. Student loans can help you cover tuition, fees, supplies, books, rent, living expenses, and other necessary school-related expenses.

Private vs. Federal Student Loans

When it comes to financing higher education, single parents often face a key decision: choosing between federal and private student loans. While both options provide essential funding, they differ significantly in terms of interest rates, repayment options, borrower protections, and eligibility requirements.

Understanding these differences is crucial for making informed financial decisions that can affect your long-term debt and financial stability.

Federal Student Loans

The U.S. Department of Education, through the William D. Ford Direct Loan Program (also called the Direct Loan program), offers federal student loans for borrowers who need to finance college or career school.

In order to get a federal student loan, you must file the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) every year. The FAFSA lets colleges and universities know about your financial situation by asking you to input information about your savings and checking account balances, investments, and more. The FAFSA will also help you qualify for more than just loans — you could also qualify for scholarships through your institution, grants, and work-study.

When you file the FAFSA, you receive a Student Aid Report (SAR), which reports your Student Aid Index (SAI). Your SAI is an index number that colleges use to determine how much financial aid you can receive.

You can qualify for Direct Subsidized Loans, Direct Unsubsidized Loans, or Direct PLUS Loans. However, you can only get a Direct PLUS Loan if you are an independent student (that is, nobody can claim you on their taxes) or if you are a graduate student.

Most types of federal student loans don’t require a credit check. Independent students may qualify for the following amounts and limits:

•   First-year undergraduate students: $9,500 (no more than $3,500 of this amount may be in subsidized loans)

•   Second-year undergraduate students: $10,500 (no more than $4,500 of this amount may be in subsidized loans)

•   Third-year and beyond undergraduate students: $12,500 (no more than $5,500 of this amount may be in subsidized loans)

•   Graduate or professional students: $20,500 (unsubsidized only)

The current interest rate (2024-25) for Direct Subsidized and Direct Unsubsidized Loans is 6.53% for undergraduate students, and the rate for Direct Unsubsidized Loans is 8.08% for graduate or professional students. The interest rates are fixed for the life of the loan.

Private Student Loans

The main difference between a private student loan and a federal loan is that you don’t get a private student loan from the federal government like you do a federal student loan. You can get a private student loan from a bank, credit union, or online lender.

It’s a wise idea to exhaust all of your federal grant and loan options before you consider private loans. In general, interest rates are usually higher for private student loans compared to federal student loans. The amount you can borrow depends on the costs of your degree, but also depends on personal financial factors (such as your credit score and income).

Additionally, private student loans don’t offer the same borrower protections and benefits available to federal borrowers, such as income-driven repayment plans.

Student Loans for Single Parents

Single parents can get both private and federal student loans. We’ll also go over some specific financial aid ideas for single parents.

Private Student Loans for Single Parents

As a single parent, you may have a limited amount of time to research your private student loan options, but it’s to your advantage to do so because you can ensure that you choose the right type (and the right interest rate).

Take a look at three to five different private student loan lenders and compare everything apples to apples — interest rates, fees, repayment terms, deferment, forbearance and discharge options, as well as in-school repayment options.

Then, walk through the next steps:

1.   Give yourself plenty of time to apply for private loans. The application and approval process can take longer than you might think. Remember that you’ll need to monitor your financial situation each semester to make sure you have enough loan money to carry you through the academic year.

2.   Gather your personal information. Before you apply, you’ll likely need to have the following handy: Social Security number, employment information (including a recent paycheck stub), gross annual income, assets, rent or mortgage information, and tax returns. Specific application requirements may vary by lender.

3.   Apply for a private student loan. You can apply for a private student loan on a lender’s website. The lender will ask for the personal information listed above and possibly more. You’ll also submit information about your school, graduation date, and loan amount needed. You must also agree to the lender’s terms and conditions, which you’ll want to read carefully, and proceed with the application.

Your search for financial aid doesn’t have to end with filing the FAFSA or applying for private student loans. You may also want to look for single-parent scholarships or grants through organizations that include your school, state government, federal agencies, charitable foundations and professional associations.

Another important thing you can do is to contact your school’s financial aid office and explain your situation as a single mother or father. Many colleges and universities offer endowed scholarships for students and may be able to offer you financial aid specifically for single-parent families.

Recommended: Private Student Loans Guide

Federal Student Loans for Single Parents

To obtain a federal student loan, you must demonstrate financial need, be a U.S. citizen or eligible noncitizen, have a valid Social Security number, enroll in an eligible degree or certificate program, show successful completion of a high school degree or GED, maintain satisfactory progress in school, and sign the certification on the FAFSA.

Undergraduate students who show evidence of financial need can qualify for a Direct Subsidized Loan. Undergraduate, graduate, and professional students can qualify for a Direct Unsubsidized Loan, but eligibility is not based on financial need. The government pays the interest for Direct Subsidized Loans while you’re in school, but does not pay the interest on Direct Unsubsidized Loans during that time.

Graduate or professional students may qualify for a Direct PLUS Loan. Eligibility is not based on financial need, but you will undergo a credit check. Borrowers who have an adverse credit history must meet additional qualifications.

Above all else, in addition to learning more about single parents’ loans at your school, it’s also important to contact the financial aid office at the school you want to attend to fully understand the financial aid process at your college or career school.

Tips for Single Parents to Borrow Wisely

For single parents, borrowing wisely is key — the right approach can prevent overwhelming debt and create a path toward long-term financial stability. Here are practical tips to help single parents make smart, informed choices when taking out student loans.

•   Complete the FAFSA early and every year: Federal aid is often awarded on a first-come, first-served basis. Submitting the FAFSA promptly increases your chances of qualifying for grants and low-interest federal loans.

•   Maximize grants and scholarships first: Before borrowing, seek out all free money options — including federal Pell Grants, school-based aid, and scholarships specifically for single parents.

•   Borrow federal loans before private ones: Federal student loans usually offer lower fixed interest rates and flexible repayment plans, such as income-driven repayment and loan forgiveness programs.

•   Only borrow what you truly need: Avoid borrowing the full amount offered if it exceeds your actual costs. Calculate tuition, fees, childcare, and living expenses carefully.

•   Understand loan terms thoroughly: Know the difference between subsidized and unsubsidized loans, your interest rate, grace period, and when repayment begins.

The Takeaway

Affording higher education as a single parent can be a challenge, but there are student loans, grants, and scholarships available to help ease the burden. Single parents can apply for federal student loans by filling out the FAFSA each year. If this aid isn’t enough, some students may consider applying for private student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

Do you get more financial aid if you are a single parent?

Schools award need-based financial aid based on demonstrated need. If you demonstrate financial need, you’ll more than likely receive some type of financial aid from the college or university that you plan to attend. It’s very important to file the FAFSA to qualify for federal student aid and also talk to the financial aid office of your college or university for more information about the financial aid opportunities available to you.

How can a single parent afford college?

There are a number of ways that a single parent can afford college, and it starts with open communication between you and your school’s financial aid office. A few excellent steps you can take include: filing the FAFSA, looking for scholarships and grants in your community, and comparing private loan lenders for private loans that fit your needs.

Are there specific student loans or grants just for single parents?

While there are no federal loans specifically for single parents, there are grants and scholarships designed to help. Examples include the Pell Grant, Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant (FSEOG), and scholarships from organizations that support single mothers and fathers in school.

About the author

Melissa Brock

Melissa Brock is a higher education and personal finance expert with more than a decade of experience writing online content. She spent 12 years in college admission prior to switching to full-time freelance writing and editing. Read full bio.

Photo credit: iStock/Geber86

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOISL-Q225-027

Subsidized loans, a type of loan offered by the federal government, used to be available to graduate students. Unfortunately, that is no longer the case. The program that allowed graduate students to receive subsidized loans ended in 2011 by the Budget Control Act.

For now, these loans are only available for undergraduate students. However, there are other loans available to help pay for grad school. Keep reading for more information on subsidized loans and the other options available to graduate students.

What Are Subsidized Loans?

Federal student loans are offered through the U.S. Department of Education to help students cover the cost of higher education. Direct Subsidized Loans are available to undergraduate students who demonstrate financial need. The amount of the loan is determined by the school you are applying to.

The Department of Education pays all interest on subsidized loans while you are in school at least half-time, during the six-month grace period after you leave school, and during periods of deferment. Outside of these periods, the borrower is responsible for making all principal and interest payments.

Subsidized vs Unsubsidized Loans

Federal Direct Unsubsidized Loans, on the other hand, are available to undergraduate and graduate students. Students do not have to demonstrate financial need to qualify for these loans.

The loan amount is still determined by your school, and the interest starts accruing the moment the loan is disbursed.

For graduate students, the aggregate loan limit is $138,500, of which no more than $65,500 may be in subsidized loans. What’s more, the aggregate limit also includes whatever student loans you may have from your time as an undergraduate.

When you reach the aggregate loan limit, you will not be allowed to borrow any more money in federal student loans. However, if you are able to pay off some of your loans, you may be able to borrow again up to the aggregate loan limit.

Interest rates for both types of loans are set by the federal government each year. For the 2024-25 academic year, the interest rate for undergraduate borrowers is 6.53% for Direct Subsidized Loans and Direct Unsubsidized Loans. The interest rate for graduate borrowers for Direct Unsubsidized Loans is 8.08%. The interest rate is fixed over the life of the loan.

Alternatives to Subsidized Loans

In addition to unsubsidized loans, there are other loans available from the government, plus private sources that can help you pay for grad school.

Grad PLUS Student Loans

Grad PLUS student loans, also known as Direct PLUS Loans, are another federal loan available through the Department of Education. Grad PLUS Loan requirements include that you must be a graduate student enrolled at least half-time at an eligible school. Your program must lead to a graduate degree, a professional degree, or a certificate. You meet the basic eligibility requirements for federal student aid and must not have an adverse credit history.

Under the Grad PLUS program, you are allowed to borrow the cost of attendance less any other financial aid. You don’t have to repay the loan until six months after you leave school or drop below half-time enrollment.

Interest rates on the loan are fixed. Any Direct Plus Loans disbursed after July 1, 2024, carry an interest rate of 9.08%.

To apply for federal student loans, you’ll need to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®). Your school will use the information on this form to determine how much aid you are eligible to receive and present it to you in an offer letter. The offer letter will also give you information about grants and work-study programs you may be eligible for.

Recommended: Guide to Grad Plus Loans

Private Loans

Private student loans are available through banks, credit unions, and other private institutions. The individual lender will determine the amount you can borrow, terms of the loan, and the interest rate based in large part on financial factors such as your income and your credit score.

Private loans may allow you to borrow beyond the federal limits imposed on federal loans, or help you pick up the slack if you didn’t qualify for enough federal funding. However, they may lack protections afforded to federal student loans, and as a result, are generally thought of as a last-resort option when paying for grad school.

Personal Loans

Personal loans are also available through private lenders. Borrowed funds can be used for practically any purpose, which means they could potentially be used to cover expenses beyond tuition. As with private loans, the amount you can borrow will depend on your financial history or that of a cosigner.

How Much Can You Borrow for Graduate School?

The amount you can borrow for graduate school will depend on the types of loans that you use.

Grad PLUS student loans potentially allow you to borrow up to the full cost of attending your program, less any other financial aid.

However, unsubsidized loans limit your aggregate borrowing to $138,500, and that’s including any federal loans that you took out as an undergraduate.

Borrowers who are enrolled in certain health profession programs may be subject to a higher aggregate limit for Direct Subsidized Loans, and should talk to their school’s financial aid office.

Private student loans may limit borrowers to the cost of attendance. Policies will likely vary by lender.

Personal loans may allow you to borrow as much as $100,000 with no limitations on how the money must be spent. Again, specific policies may vary by lender.

Recommended: Graduate Student Loan Limits

The Takeaway

Federal subsidized loans are no longer available to graduate students. In the meantime, graduate students have other options, including federal unsubsidized loans, Grad PLUS Loans, loans from private lenders, or a combination of the above to help pay for school.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

Does the U.S. Department of Education offer subsidized loans for graduate students as part of financial aid packages?

No, the U.S. Department of Education does not offer subsidized loans for graduate students. Subsidized loans are only available to eligible undergraduate students. Graduate students may still qualify for federal financial aid through options like Direct Unsubsidized Loans and Grad PLUS Loans, which begin accruing interest immediately.

Are Grad PLUS Loans subsidized loans?

Grad PLUS Loans are not subsidized, which means that interest accrues while the student is in school.

Can you pay off subsidized loans before graduating?

You can pay off federal subsidized loans before you graduate without paying any penalty. Note that federal subsidized loans do not accrue interest while you are in school.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Photo credit: iStock/Kseniia Ivanova
SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOISL-Q225-029

With the average cost of tuition at a private college close to $40,000 per year, it’s no surprise that many students will take out student loans to pay for their education. These student loans come in all shapes and sizes: federal or private, subsidized or unsubsidized, cosigned or not.

Most federal student loans do not require a credit check and can be borrowed without a cosigner. While the majority of students who take out private loans have a cosigner to guarantee the loan, that’s not an option for everyone. A cosigner — generally a family member or close friend — is someone who guarantees they will pay back your student loan if, for some reason, you can’t.

If you don’t have enough established credit to qualify for a private student loan on your own, turning to a cosigner may help you get approved at a better interest rate. However, not everyone has someone to cosign their student loans. Luckily, there are plenty of ways to potentially qualify for both private and federal student loans without a cosigner. Here’s what you need to know.

Purpose of Adding a Cosigner

There are two main reasons why adding a cosigner to a private student loan may make sense — one is to improve your chances of being approved for a loan and the other is to potentially help secure a more competitive interest rate.

If you’re applying for student loans, you may not have a long credit history yet. To lenders, a lack of credit history can be seen as risky because you haven’t proved how well you can manage your financial obligations. You might need a cosigner to convince a lender to give you a student loan, since having a cosigner with more financial security or a better credit history reduces risk to the lender.

A cosigner with a strong credit history may also help you get approved for a loan with a lower interest rate, which could help reduce the amount of money you pay in interest over the life of the loan.

A cosigner will need to share their financial information with the lender, so it’s a good idea to make sure that your cosigner has plenty of time to get their documents in order and discuss loan applications with you.

Recommended: A Complete Guide to Private Student Loans

Can You Get a Federal Student Loan Without a Cosigner?

Yes, you can get a federal student loan without a cosigner. The first step in qualifying for a federal financial aid package is to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) .

You’ll submit your financial information and, if you’re a dependent student, your parents’ information, too. Depending on your financial need, you’ll then be offered a combination of federal student loans — including Subsidized and Unsubsidized Direct or PLUS Loans — and work-study programs.

Federal student loans typically do not require a cosigner, nor a credit check, and they often have competitive interest rates. Direct PLUS Loans , which are primarily offered to parents and graduate or professional students, however, do require a credit check.

You’ll want to keep in mind that there are limits on how much you can take out in federal loans. For example, dependent students whose parents are unable to obtain PLUS Loans cannot take out more than $9,500 as a first-year undergrad. And, no more than $3,500 of this amount may be in subsidized loans. Because of these limits, students may look for additional sources of funding.

Can You Get a Private Student Loan Without a Cosigner?

Yes, it is possible to get a private student loan without a cosigner, but you will likely need to have an established credit history or be willing to pay a higher interest rate.

To qualify for a private student loan, which are available from banks, credit unions, and online lenders, you generally have to be age 18 or older, a U.S. resident, and enrolled in school at least part time. Additionally, certain lenders may only approve loans if you are enrolled at schools that meet their criteria, which can vary from lender to lender.

You also typically must meet certain credit requirements. This often includes at least two years of established credit history, a good credit score (670-739), and a certain minimum amount of income.

Some private lenders will provide student loans without a cosigner even if you have a limited credit history or income. However, you will almost definitely pay a higher interest rate.

💡 Quick Tip: It’s a good idea to understand the pros and cons of private student loans and federal student loans before committing to them.

Pros of Having a Cosigner on a Private Student Loan

Having a cosigner on a private student loan can help you qualify for a loan you might not otherwise be able to get. In addition, it can help you get approved for a larger loan amount, as well as lower rates and fees.

You’ll also want to keep in mind that having a cosigner is not necessarily a permanent situation. Some lenders will release a cosigner from a loan after the primary borrower meets certain requirements, like a certain number of payments and a credit check.

You also may consider refinancing your loan once you’re out of school, which will then be a way to have the loan in your own name. It can be a good idea to talk through what your cosigner expects and anticipates for the life of the loan, so that you’re both on the same page.

Recommended: Should I Refinance Federal Student Loans?

What is the Minimum Credit Score for a Student Loan?

If you apply for a federal student loan, your credit score won’t be a factor, since a credit check is not even part of the application process. However, private student loans often require a credit score of at least 670 to get a loan without a cosigner.

The exact qualification criteria will vary from lender to lender but, generally, the higher your credit score, the more likely you are to qualify and obtain a competitive interest rate for a private student loan.

Before you apply for a private student loan, you may want to get copies of your credit reports (available free at AnnualCreditReport.com) and check your credit score to get a sense of where you may stand in the eyes of a lender. You also can check your credit report for any errors, which could bring down your score.

Who Is Eligible for Student Loans That Don’t Require Cosigners?

Federal student loans don’t require a cosigner. There are also some private student loans that don’t require a cosigner, though you typically need to meet certain credit and income requirements.

You may be able to check your private student loan eligibility before you apply for a loan without a cosigner. This triggers a soft credit check. A soft credit check does not affect your credit score, but can give you an approximate idea of whether or not you’ll be approved for a loan and what the interest rate on the loan may be.

Keep in mind, though, that your loan won’t be finalized until you apply for the loan. At this point, a hard credit check will be performed and final approval decisions will come through. But checking loan eligibility is one way to know whether or not a lender may consider your application without a cosigner.

Options If You Can’t Get a Student Loan Without a Cosigner?

If you can’t get a student loan without a cosigner and you don’t have someone who can be your cosigner, don’t panic. There are other potential paths forward depending on your goals and your circumstances:

•   Take a gap year. Some students take a year off to build credit, grow their income, and reapply once they feel their finances are on more secure footing.

•   Consider a less expensive school. Some students who can’t get a cosigner decide to go to a community college and take core credit courses. Once they feel their finances are more secure, they transfer to their intended school to finish their degree.

•   Rethink your education priorities. If you can’t get a cosigner and are having trouble shouldering loans on your loan, you may recalibrate your educational goals and consider different degree programs or institutions that may have a less expensive price tag. It can be helpful to talk to people who work in your future career field — they may have thoughts on how you can save money on education or may have tips for alternate paths toward the job you want.

•   Talk with your financial aid office. Chances are, your financial aid office has seen similar situations and may have ideas. They may also be able to connect you with other funding opportunities, as well as students who have independently financed their education.

Other Ways to Help Finance Your Education

Besides taking out federal student loans or private student loans without a cosigner, there are a few other options to help finance your education.

Grants and Scholarships

There are many grants and scholarships available, including need-based grants and merit-based grants (grants available for students who reach a certain level of academic excellence) that you do not need to repay.

You can search for scholarships online to see if there are any you might qualify for. You might also ask your high school’s college counselor or selected college’s financial aid office for information on any scholarships or grants you may be eligible for.

Working While in School

You might also consider working while you’re in school. Some students find they can manage a job alongside their studies, while others find that it’s challenging to find a balance.

There is no “right” way to pay for your education. Some students may take a year or more off to save up for school, and then focus full-time on school. Talking to graduates can help you see different pathways and that there is no “one size fits all” when it comes to financing an education.

The Takeaway

Applying for a private student loan with a cosigner can help a potential borrower secure a more competitive interest rate or preferable loan terms. This is because the cosigner provides additional security for the lender — if the primary borrower runs into any issues repaying the loan, the cosigner is responsible.

Federal student loans, aside from Direct PLUS Loans, do not require a credit check or cosigner. If you find that your federal loans aren’t going to cover your education, a private student loan may help. And, some private lenders will offer student loans without a cosigner. Just keep in mind that private student loans lack the borrower protections offered by federal student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

Is it possible to get a private student loan without a cosigner?

Yes, it is possible, but it can be more difficult. Lenders typically require proof of good credit and sufficient income. Students without a strong financial profile may have trouble qualifying or may face higher interest rates.

How can students improve their chances of qualifying for a private student loan without a cosigner?

Students can build credit by paying bills on time, maintaining low credit card balances, and possibly working part-time to show income. A higher credit score and steady income improve the odds of loan approval.

Are there alternatives to private loans if you can’t get one without a cosigner?

Yes. Students should first maximize federal student aid, including grants, scholarships, and federal loans, which don’t require a cosigner. Some schools also offer institutional loans or payment plans that can help bridge funding gaps.

SoFi Private Student Loans
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