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FAFSA Summer Aid: All You Need to Know

Some students view summer as a time to rest and relax, while others see it as an opportunity to get ahead in their college coursework. Since many classes can be done at a community college, summer courses may also cost less than the classes you take during the fall and spring semesters.

If you’ve already sorted out your financing for the fall and spring semesters, you may wonder how you’ll cover the cost of a summer session. The good news is that the aid you get through the FAFSA can typically be used to pay for summer classes too. Here’s what you need to know.

Key Points

•   FAFSA aid can be used for summer classes, but schools determine which FAFSA year applies to the summer session.

•   Federal aid for summer includes grants, federal student loans, and work-study, but all have annual limits.

•   Summer funding options beyond FAFSA include scholarships, grants, summer jobs, and paid internships.

•   Some schools and states offer summer-specific grants that can help cover tuition costs.

•   Private student loans are an option if federal aid is maxed out, but they lack federal protections like forgiveness and income-driven repayment.

When Can FAFSA Cover Summer Classes?

Filling out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) gives you access to grants, federal student loans, and work-study funds. Whatever aid you qualify for can be used for any term — fall, spring, and/or summer — provided you’ll be enrolled at least half time.

However, you’ll have to reach out to your school’s financial aid to find out which FAFSA year applies to the summer session. For instance, your school may use the 2025-26 for summer 2026, or they may require the 2026-27 FAFSA.

The type of financial aid you can use to offset the cost of summer classes includes:

•  Grants This is a form of gift aid and generally does not need to be paid back. You may be eligible for federal, state, and school-specific grants.

•  Federal student loans These are fixed-interest-rate loans from the government. Students with financial need may qualify for subsidized student loans. This means the government covers your interest while you are in school and for six months after you graduate. Unsubsidized student loans are available to all eligible students, regardless of need.

•  Work-study This federal program provides part-time work, typically on campus, to help students with financial need earn money to help cover college-related expenses.

If you’re thinking of using financial aid to pay for summer classes, keep in mind that there is a maximum amount of aid (including federal student loans) you can get each year, regardless of when you take your classes. You can refer to your financial aid letter (which you likely received before the fall session started) to see the maximum amounts you have been granted. These annual limits stretch over fall, spring, winter, and summer sessions.


💡 Quick Tip: Make no payments on SoFi private student loans for six months after graduation.

Filling Out FAFSA for Summer Aid

The FAFSA is generally released each year on October 1. However, the 2026–27 FAFSA became available earlier, on September 24, 2025. Since some aid is awarded on a first-come, first-served basis, it’s a good idea to fill out the FAFSA soon after it’s released. This can potentially increase your chances of getting all the aid you qualify for.

If you already have a FAFSA on file for the previous fall/spring academic year, you may not need to file a new one for the summer session. However, as mentioned above, schools have varying rules on what academic year they belong in for financial aid purposes. Before submitting the FAFSA, contact your college’s financial aid office to see if you need to fill out a new FAFSA and which year you should select.

Filling out the FAFSA for summer aid is the same as filling out the FAFSA for any term. You’ll need to create an FSA ID and then complete and submit your form online at studentaid.gov. You can also print out and mail a paper form.

Alternatives to FAFSA

If you don’t qualify for financial aid or you used up the aid you were awarded during the fall and spring semesters, don’t stress. There are other ways to offset the cost of summer classes.

Summer Jobs

If work-study is not available, you might look for a part-time summer job either on or off-campus to help pay your summer tuition. Working during the summer can also give you valuable work experience and help you start building your resume.

Internships

A paid internship can be an ideal way to earn extra money as a college student. These positions often pay well and allow you to gain experience and connections that could help you find employment after you graduate. Your school’s career center may have leads on internships. You can also search job boards and tap your personal and professional network to find summer internships.

Summer Class Scholarships

Many organizations, companies, and schools offer scholarships (both need- and merit-based) to college students. Typically, there aren’t restrictions on what term students can use the scholarship for, so you can apply for scholarships and use the awards to pay for your summer classes. Private scholarship amounts tend to be small, but if you can cobble together several awards, it could make a significant dent in your summer tuition.

Your school’s financial aid office or career center may be able to help you find scholarships based on your qualifications. You can also use one of the many online scholarship search tools to find scholarships you may qualify for.

Summer Grant Programs

Some universities offer grants that are designed specifically for students looking to take classes during the summer. For instance, Hunter College in New York City offers a Summer Scholarship for undergraduates who take one summer class that counts towards their degree.

Many states also offer college grants that can be used for the summer term. The Pennsylvania Higher Education Assistance Agency, for example, allows eligible students to receive a Pennsylvania State grant for the summer term.

It can be worth reaching out to your school’s financial aid office to find out what summer funding programs may be available. Also visit the department of education for your state to see if there are any summer-specific state grants you might qualify for.

Private Student Loans

If you’ve reached your annual limit for federal student loans and need more funding to cover the cost of summer classes, you might consider applying for a private student loan.

These loans are offered by banks, credit unions, and online lenders and typically come with higher lending limits than federal student loans. In fact, you can usually borrow up to the full cost of attendance from a private lender, minus any financial aid. Interest rates vary by lender, so it’s a good idea to shop around. Generally borrowers (or cosigners) with excellent credit qualify for the lowest rates.

Keep in mind, though, that private student loans don’t offer the same protections (like access to forgiveness programs and income-based repayment) that come with federal student loans.


💡 Quick Tip: It’s a good idea to understand the pros and cons of private student loans and federal student loans before committing to them.

Why Take Summer Classes?

Whether you choose to study at your current college or a local community college, summer classes offer a number of benefits.

You might opt to go to school in the summer to retake classes you struggled with in the past in order to boost your GPA. Or if you’re behind in your credits, you might use the summer term to catch up and make sure that you can graduate on time. You can also use a summer session to knock out core or elective course requirements in order to graduate early.

In addition, taking summer classes could lead to cost savings. Some schools offer reduced tuition for these classes. You also might be able to take classes at a local community college for a lower price and transfer those credits to your school.

Recommended: Can You Get a Student Loan for Summer Classes?

The Takeaway

FAFSA aid can typically be used for any college term — including the summer. Just keep in mind that there is an annual maximum you can take out in federal loans, which includes the summer semester. Grants also usually have annual limits.

Other sources of funding for summer classes include private scholarships, summer college grants, income from a part-time job or paid internship, and private student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

Do summer classes count as semesters for FAFSA?

Technically, yes. While there is no specific federal funding for summer classes, the aid you are eligible for can be applied to summer tuition. You can find out from your school’s financial aid office which FAFSA year will apply to summer classes.

Which year of FAFSA covers summer classes?

It depends on the college’s policy. For instance, your school might use the 2025-26 FAFSA for the 2026 summer session or require you to fill out the 2026-27 form. Before submitting the FAFSA, you’ll want to contact your college’s financial aid office to see which FAFSA year you should select.

Is there a maximum amount that you can receive from FAFSA overall?

Yes, there are annual limits on how much you can receive in federal financial aid, which includes grants, loans, and work-study programs. The limit for each type of aid varies by school, year, and other factors. You’ll want to be careful to plan your expenses and financing strategies with these limits in mind.


Photo credit: iStock/Yuricazac

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Bank, N.A. and its lending products are not endorsed by or directly affiliated with any college or university unless otherwise disclosed.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.



External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.


External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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How Much FAFSA Money Will I Get?

Going to college or graduate school is a serious investment in your future — both professionally and financially. Naturally, you’ll want to know how much financial aid you’re eligible for, including student loans, grants, and work-study programs.

The amount of federal aid that prospective and current students receive is based on a variety of factors, and everyone’s financial situation is unique. But familiarizing yourself with the following requirements and questions can help paint a clearer picture of how much FAFSA money you will get.

Key Points

•   Eligibility for FAFSA requires U.S. citizenship, a valid Social Security number, and acceptance in an eligible degree or certificate program.

•   Financial aid amount is influenced by dependency status, Student Aid Index number (SAI), and cost of attendance.

•   Early annual submission of the FAFSA increases aid opportunities.

•   Independent students may receive more aid due to higher assumed financial responsibility.

•   Additional financing options include private scholarships, grants, and part-time employment.

What Are the Eligibility Requirements?

Many incoming and current college and graduate students are eligible for federal aid. Among the basic requirements, you must:

•   Demonstrate financial need (for need-based federal student aid programs)

•   Be a U.S. citizen, national, or eligible noncitizen

•   Have a valid Social Security number, unless you’re from the Federated States of Micronesia, Republic of the Marshall Islands, or the Republic of Palau

•   Be enrolled or accepted for enrollment as a regular student in an eligible degree or certificate program

•   Maintain satisfactory academic progress in college or career school

How Do I Begin the FAFSA?

The first step to completing the FAFSA is creating your FSA user ID and password. From there, you’ll answer a series of questions covering demographic information, schools you are interested in attending, financial details, and information from parents or guardians based on dependency status.

Filling out the FAFSA may feel intimidating, but a little preparation can save you from common FAFSA mistakes, like leaving important fields blank.

What Factors Affect FAFSA Money?

The application includes questions about demographics and finances for students and sometimes their families to answer. Collectively, this information will determine how much need-based and non-need-based aid students qualify for.

Applying for the FAFSA Every Year of School and on Time

Filling out the FAFSA is not a one-time deal. Students must file the FAFSA each year they are enrolled in college or graduate school.

There are several important FAFSA deadlines to be aware of. The federal deadline for the 2025-2026 academic year is June 30, 2026; for the 2026–2027 academic year, the federal deadline is June 30, 2027. This is the latest date you can submit the form. However, many states and colleges have their own priority deadlines for financial aid, which are typically earlier than the federal deadline.

Generally, the earlier you submit the FAFSA the better. This is because some federal, state, and institutional aid programs, including certain grants and federal work-study funds, are limited and distributed on a first-come, first-served basis.

Dependency Status

For FAFSA, a dependent is a student who does not meet any of the criteria for being an independent student. Generally, you are considered an independent student if:

•   At least 24 years old

•   Married

•   A graduate or professional student (law, medicine, etc.)

•   A veteran or active member of the armed forces

•   An orphan, ward of the court, or emancipated minor

•   Claiming legal dependents other than a spouse

•   Homeless or at risk of becoming homeless

Your dependency status affects how much financial aid you’re eligible to receive. In many cases, independent students can be eligible for more financial aid, as they are assumed to be paying their own tuition and living expenses.

Still, dependent students may be eligible for a variety of financial aid opportunities from federal or state governments and colleges through the FAFSA. Most incoming and current undergraduate students are considered dependent. This means that information from parents or guardians, such as tax returns, must be submitted and will affect whether financial aid is awarded and how much.

In special circumstances, students may file for a dependency override. These are awarded case by case, and are typically reserved for students facing exceptional family-related issues or whose parents are unwilling to provide information for the FAFSA.

Student Aid Index

The Student Aid Index (SAI) is a number used by colleges to determine your eligibility for federal student financial aid. It’s calculated using information that you (and your parents) provide on the FAFSA, including student and parent income, student and parent assets, and the family size. It’s designed to determine the total financial resources you and your parents have and the minimum amount needed for your family’s normal annual living expenses.

The financial aid office at your college will subtract your SAI from your school’s cost of attendance to determine your level of your financial need and how much need-based aid you are eligible to get.

You can find your estimated SAI on the confirmation page of your FAFSA form. Once your FAFSA is processed, you’ll see your official SAI within your FAFSA Submission Summary. The SAI range is -1500 to 999999. The lower your SAI, the more financial aid you are likely to qualify for.

Cost of Attendance

Education costs can vary considerably based on merit-based scholarships, in-state vs. out-of-state residency, and other factors. The amount of FAFSA money you receive will also depend on the cost of attendance for your chosen college or university.

The cost of attendance encompasses tuition, fees, room and board, books and school supplies, and expenses associated with child care or disabilities, if applicable. A lower cost of attendance usually translates to less aid, because the funding can be used only for education purposes.

Not sure where you want to apply? Our College Search tool can help.

How Much Money Will I Get From FAFSA?

The amount of FAFSA money you receive cannot exceed the cost of attendance for your chosen college or university.

Before applying, the Federal Student Aid Estimator is a useful tool to estimate the amount of federal student aid you may qualify for.

Assuming that you meet the eligibility criteria and are applying on time, you may receive some form of federal financial aid, especially if your SAI is less than your cost of attendance. Potential sources of federal student aid include the following programs:

Grants

Unlike loans, grants are free money to put toward your education that does not have to be paid back. After completing the FAFSA, students with proven financial need may receive aid in the form of a Federal Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grant or Pell Grant. Opportunity grants are allocated based on need, other aid awarded, and college budgets. Pell Grants change annually but the maximum award for the 2025–26 academic year is $7,395.

Work-Study

Federal work-study programs typically involve a part-time job on or off campus. Wages are typically set by the college but must meet minimum-wage requirements. Work-study schedules are intended to be structured around students’ classes.

Federal Loans

Eligibility for federal student loans is generally broader than for grants and work-study programs. Federal loans are either subsidized or unsubsidized, with subsidized loans being need-based and including interest deferment and grace periods. On the other hand, unsubsidized loans begin accruing interest as soon as they are paid out to borrowers.

Different types of federal student loans exist, and each has a maximum award amount according to dependency status and year of study. Dependent undergraduate students have an aggregate loan limit of $31,000 for all undergraduate study, while independent undergraduates can take out $57,500. Graduate students can borrow up to $138,500 for undergraduate and graduate study combined.

How Else Can I Pay for College?

If financial aid isn’t enough to cover your tuition and other education expenses, there are ways to make college more affordable.

Scholarships and Grants

Besides scholarships granted by your chosen college, there are opportunities offered by private foundations, community groups, and nonprofit organizations. Awards can be given based on academic merit, need, field of study, or participation in a specific sport or activity. An online scholarship search tool can help you unearth available awards filtered by school type, field of study, state, and more.

Try to stay on top of scholarship and grant applications and deadlines as they can come and go quickly. Winning a scholarship or a grant is basically finding free money, and you don’t want that money to go unclaimed.

The Takeaway

When determining how much federal financial aid you’re eligible for, remember that several key factors come into play: your dependency status, your Student Aid Index (SAI), and your school’s cost of attendance.

Filing your FAFSA application early and every year is crucial, as some aid is awarded on a first-come, first-served basis. If federal aid, grants, and scholarships aren’t enough, there are still other avenues to explore to make college more affordable.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

How much does FAFSA usually give you?

FAFSA determines your eligibility for federal student aid, not a fixed amount. While the average federal award is $16,360, amounts can vary widely depending on your financial need and the school’s cost of attendance. Also the average award doesn’t include state or institutional student aid, which can also help you pay for school.

How can I check how much money FAFSA will give me?

You can get an estimate of how much federal student aid you may get by using the Federal Student Aid Estimator on the Federal Student Aid website (StudentAid.gov). To see the actual amount of federal (and other) financial aid you are able to get, you’ll need to wait for a financial aid offer from the colleges you apply to.

What does a 12,000 SAI mean?

A 12,000 Student Aid Index (SAI) is an eligibility index number, not a dollar amount that you are expected to pay. A college financial aid office will subtract your SAI (and any other grants or scholarships you’re receiving) from your school’s cost of attendance to determine your financial need. For example, if the school’s annual cost of attendance is $40,000 and your SAI is 12,000, your financial need is $28,000. This number helps the college decide how much need-based aid you may qualify for, including grants, scholarships, work-study jobs, and loans. However, colleges aren’t always required to meet 100% of your financial need.

What is the highest FAFSA grant?

The highest federal grant available through the FAFSA is the federal Pell Grant. The maximum Pell Grant award changes annually; for the 2025–26 academic year, it is $7,395. This grant is awarded to undergraduate students with exceptional financial need and does not need to be repaid.


SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Bank, N.A. and its lending products are not endorsed by or directly affiliated with any college or university unless otherwise disclosed.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.



External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.


External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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How Do I View My Federal Student Loans?

Whether you’re a recent graduate looking to understand your total debt or a working professional tracking your progress toward paying off your loans, staying informed about your student loan balances is a crucial aspect of financial well-being. But for something that is so important, it can be surprisingly confusing to locate all your student loan information.

Keep reading to learn how to view your federal student loans, how to use the Federal Student Aid website, where to pay your student loans, and more.

Key Points

•  The Federal Student Aid (FSA) website is the official platform to view your federal student loans.

•  To log in to the FSA website, you need to create an FSA ID. This ID allows you to securely access your federal student aid information and manage your loans.

•  On the FSA website, you can find your loan servicer. Your loan servicer manages your federal student loans.

•  Regularly reviewing your loan details helps you stay informed about your financial obligations and ensures you are on track with your repayment plan.

•  The FSA website offers various repayment plans, including income-driven plans. Understanding these options can help you choose the best plan for your financial situation.

How to View Federal Student Loans

Student loan holders can view their federal student loans via the Federal Student Aid (FSA), which is run by the Office of the U.S. Department of Education. It offers a convenient option for getting a comprehensive picture of all federal loans.

The FSA website can show you information on your federal student loans, including:

•  The number and types of loans you have

•  The initial amount of your loans

•  Your current loan balances

•  The interest rates on your loans

•  If any of your loans are in default

•  The name of your loan service provider and their contact information

Using the Federal Student Aid Website

In order to see your loan information on FSA, borrowers will need to create a new account. Current registrants can log in with their email, phone number, or FSA ID username and password. In addition to student loans, the site also has valuable resources including repayment plans and loan counseling.

Where Do I Pay My Student Loans?

Even though you can obtain all the information about your student loans through the FSA website, that is not actually where you pay your student loans. Once you’re logged in, borrowers should be able to see the name and contact information for their student loan servicer. The student loan servicer is the entity charged with collecting loan payments.

Once you know who your student loan servicer is, you should be able to set up an online account directly with the loan servicer. Some student loan servicers also offer the option to set up automatic bill pay.

If you don’t want to make your payments online, your student loan servicer’s website should also have information about making payments in other ways, like via check or bank transfer.

Recommended: 6 Strategies to Pay Off Student Loans Quickly

Looking to save money on your
monthly student loan payments?
See how refinancing could help.


How Do I Pay My Student Loans?

The federal government offers a handful of options when it comes to federal student loan repayment. These repayment plans are designed for people with different types of financial situations and priorities — from those who want a straightforward way to pay off their loans in a 10-year period to those looking for income-driven repayment plans.

Here’s a quick rundown of the repayment options offered for federal student loans.

Standard, Extended, and Graduated Repayment Plans

•   The Standard Repayment Plan is the default loan repayment plan for federal student loans. Borrowers pay a fixed amount every month within 10 years in order to pay off their loan(s).

•   The Extended Repayment Plan is similar to the Standard Repayment Plan but instead of making payments over 10 years, the payments are extended up to 25 years.

•   The Graduated Repayment Plan also offers a 10-year repayment option. Under this plan, monthly loan payments start at a lower amount and are then increased every two years for up to 30 years.

If you’re just starting to pay back your student loans after graduation, you’ll likely be automatically assigned to the Standard Repayment Plan. You can change the repayment plan you are enrolled in at any time.

Income-Driven Repayment Plans

There are currently four income-driven repayment plans — Pay As You Earn (PAYE), Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE), Income-Based Repayment (IBR), and Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR). Under these plans, monthly payments are determined as a percentage of the borrower’s monthly income. Depending on the plan, borrowers have up to 25 years to repay their loans.

Note: SAVE is no longer available for new enrollments, and PAYE, ICR, and SAVE will be eliminated by July 1, 2028. Once these plans are eliminated, borrowers with loans issued before July 1, 2026 will choose between a standard fixed-term plan (10–25 years, based on balance), Income-Based Repayment (IBR), the new Repayment Assistance Plan (also income-based), and Graduated or Extended plans.

For loans issued on or after July 1, 2026, borrowers will only have two repayment options: the Revised Standard Plan or the Repayment Assistance Plan. Graduated and Extended plans will no longer be an option.

Student Loan Consolidation

The federal government may also have options for you to consolidate your student loans into a Direct Consolidation Loan, which would allow you to group all your loans together into a single loan from the government, with an interest rate that’s the weighted average of all your loans’ interest rates, rounded up to the nearest eighth of a percent.

Student Loan Refinancing

In addition to the repayment plans offered by the federal government, you might also consider refinancing your student loans with a private company. Loan refinancing pays off your current federal and private student loans with a new loan from a private lender.

The private lender will review factors like your credit history and income potential to determine your new terms. For some borrowers, student loan refinancing may result in a lower interest rate, lower monthly payments, or even a shorter repayment term — which could mean you spend less money in interest over the life of the loan. Conversely, if you refinance with an extended term, you may pay more interest over the life of the loan.

The Takeaway

Managing your federal student loans effectively starts with knowing the details of your debt. By using the Federal Student Aid (FSA) website and creating an FSA ID, you can easily access and review your loan information, including balances, interest rates, and payment history.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

What is the official platform to view my student loans?

The official platform to view your federal student loans is the Federal Student Aid (FSA) website. This website provides comprehensive information about your loans, including balances, interest rates, and payment history.

What is an FSA ID and why do I need one?

An FSA ID is a username and password that allows you to securely access your federal student aid information on the FSA website. You need an FSA ID to log in and manage your federal student loans, as well as to sign important documents related to your financial aid.

How can I find out who my loan servicer is?

You can find out who your loan servicer is by logging into the FSA website with your FSA ID. Your loan servicer’s contact information will be listed there, and they can provide additional details about your loans and repayment options.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.


External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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Discretionary Income and Student Loans: Why It Matters

Discretionary Income and Student Loans: Why It Matters

Knowing what your discretionary income is (and how discretionary income is calculated for student loans) can help you make decisions about how to best repay your federal loans. That’s because the federal government typically uses discretionary income, which is any adjusted gross income (AGI) you have above a certain percentage of the federal poverty guideline, to determine your monthly payments for income-driven repayment (IDR) plans.

However, because of recent legislation, the options for income-driven plans — and the way monthly payments will be calculated — will be changing. For example, the new Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP) starting in July 2026 won’t use discretionary income to calculate payments. It instead looks at AGI, which could result in higher payments for some borrowers.

Here, we’ll discuss different IDR plans and the ins and outs of discretionary income, as well as upcoming changes to student loan repayment options, so you can figure out a repayment strategy that works for you and your budget.

Key Points

•   Discretionary income, calculated by subtracting a protected amount from adjusted gross income, is important for determining monthly student loan payments under current federal repayment plans.

•   The IBR plan defines discretionary income as income above 150% of the federal poverty guideline, potentially allowing for $0 payments for borrowers under specific income thresholds.

•   Income-driven repayment plans can lower monthly payments but may extend loan terms significantly, resulting in more interest paid over time compared to standard repayment options.

•   Borrowers must recertify their income and family size annually, affecting their monthly payment amounts based on changes in financial circumstances.

•   Refinancing student loans with private lenders can lower payments but forfeits access to federal benefits like income-driven repayment plans and potential loan forgiveness.

What Is Discretionary Income?

The Department of Education (Ed Dept) calculates discretionary income as your adjusted gross income (AGI) in excess of a protected amount defined by a federal IDR plan.

Discretionary income under the Income-Based Repayment (IBR) Plan, for example, is any AGI you have above 150% of the federal poverty guideline appropriate to your family size. If you don’t qualify for a $0 monthly payment on the IBR Plan, your monthly payment is set to 10% or 15% of your discretionary income, depending on when you borrowed your loans.

Discretionary income as defined by the Ed Dept is different from disposable income, which is the amount of money you have available to spend or save after your income taxes have been deducted.

How Is Discretionary Income Calculated?

This is how federal student loan servicers may currently calculate your discretionary income on an income-based student loan repayment plan:

•   Discretionary income under IBR is generally calculated by subtracting 150% of the federal poverty guideline from your AGI.

•   Discretionary income under the Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR) Plan is generally calculated by subtracting 100% of the federal poverty guideline from your AGI.

If you’re filing jointly or you have dependents, that will impact your discretionary income calculations. For married couples filing together, your combined AGI is used when calculating discretionary income. Under an income-driven plan, filing with a spouse can drive up your income-driven monthly payments because of your combined AGI.

If you file separately, your student loan payments will be based on your income alone. However, you may lose some tax benefits, so you’ll have to weigh the pros and cons of this approach to determine which makes more sense for your finances.

Take control of your student loans.
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What Income-Driven Repayment Plan Are You Eligible For?

There are now three federal IDR plans that have different eligibility criteria and terms. (There are two others that are no longer accepting new enrollments.) These income-driven repayment plans can reduce monthly payments for people with incomes below a certain threshold.

It should be noted that federal IDR plans don’t apply to private student loans. They’re only an option for federal student loans.

Income-Driven Repayment Plans for Federal Student Loans

The Ed Dept offers the following IDR options for eligible federal student loan borrowers:

•   Income-Based Repayment (IBR) Plan

•   Pay As You Earn (PAYE) Plan

•   Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR) Plan

All current IDR plans generally use discretionary income to determine monthly payments. If there is a change in a borrower’s income or family size, their monthly payment could increase or decrease, depending on the change. Borrowers enrolled in an IDR plan are typically required to recertify their income and family size each year.

For the IBR and PAYE plans, eligibility is determined based on income and family size. As a general rule, to qualify, borrowers must not pay more under IBR or PAYE than they would under the 10-year Standard Repayment Plan. There’s no income requirement for the ICR plan.

Due to the recent legislation, borrowers who consolidated their Parent PLUS Loans into Direct Consolidation Loans are newly eligible for IBR if they enrolled in the ICR plan immediately.

Also because of the legislation, the PAYE and ICR plans will be eliminated in the coming years. For borrowers taking out their first loans on or after July 1, 2026, there will be only one income-driven plan: the Repayment Assistance Program. RAP will set borrowers’ payments at 1% to 10% of their AGI, rather than using discretionary income.

Pros and Cons of Income-Driven Repayment Plans

IDR plans come with trade-offs. While they can lower your monthly payment and help free up your cash flow now, they may extend the life of your loan. The standard student loan repayment plan is based on a 10-year repayment timeline. Current income-driven repayment plans can extend your payment timeline to up to 25 years. And the RAP plan to be introduced in 2026 extends the payment timeline to 30 years.

This means you’ll be paying off the loan longer and possibly paying more in interest over time. If you stay on the IBR plan, the government might forgive any remaining balance after 20 or 25 years of payments. On RAP, the amount may be forgiven after 30 years. But the amount that is forgiven on these plans may be taxed as income.

Navigating the changes to IDR plans can be complicated. PAYE and ICR are due to close by July 1, 2028, so you may have to switch to IBR or the new RAP plan in the next few years. And as noted above, for borrowers who take out loans after July 1, 2026, RAP will be the only income-driven option.

How to Apply for an IDR Plan

To apply for an IDR plan, you can go to StudentAid.gov and log into your account using your Federal Student Aid (FSA) ID. The online application is estimated to take no more than 10 minutes to complete. (If you prefer, you can download a paper application to fill out and then send it to your loan servicer.)

To fill out the application, you’ll need to supply your address, email address, and phone number, as well as information about your family size. You will also need to provide your most recent income tax return (a tool on the site can link your tax information to the application).

Once you complete the application you will see which IDR plans you qualify for. You can select one and then sign the form and submit it. Your loan servicer should send you an email or letter confirming receipt of the application. The servicer will notify you when your application has been processed.

How Does Discretionary Income Affect Student Loan Payments?

Income-driven repayment plans currently use your discretionary income to dictate the amount you’re required to repay each month. In the case of borrowers enrolled in the IBR Plan, payments are set at 10% of discretionary income for loans borrowed after July 1, 2014, and 15% for loans borrowed before that date. On the PAYE plan, payments are set at 10% of discretionary income. On ICR, payments are 20% of discretionary income.

Examples of Monthly Payment Calculations

To calculate your monthly payments on an IDR plan, you’ll need your adjusted gross income (plus your spouse’s if you file a joint return) and your family size, which includes the number of dependents you have, such as your children.

Next, find the federal poverty guideline for your family size and state, and multiply that number by 150%. Subtract this amount from your AGI to get your discretionary income. Your payment on IBR will be 10% of that amount.

Here’s an example:

Let’s say your AGI (plus your spouse’s) is $100,000.

Your family size is 3 (you, your spouse, and one child).

The federal poverty guideline for you is: $26,650.

Using that information, the calculation would look like this:

$26,650 x 1.50 (150%) = $39,975

$100,000 – $39,975 = $60,025

$60,025 x 0.10 (10%) = $600.25

Your payments on the IBR plan would be $600.25 per month.

To get an official payment amount, you can use the Federal Student Aid Loan Simulator to determine your payments.

Annual Recertification Requirements

IDR certification is typically required annually, and you’ll need to recertify your income and family size. This is mandatory even if there has been no change to your situation or income. If you fail to recertify, there may be negative consequences, such as higher monthly payments or even loss of eligibility for IBR.

You’ll be given a recertification deadline, and you’ll need to recertify by that date. As part of the process, you’ll include your family size as well as your most recent federal income tax return. You can recertify online.

If you gave the Ed Dept permission to access your federal tax information when you first applied for IDR, your yearly certification will be automatic. The Ed Dept will notify you about any change to your monthly payment amount.

How Else Can Borrowers Lower Their Student Loan Payment?

Besides IDR, there are other strategies borrowers can use to help lower their monthly student loan payments. These include:

Student Loan Refinancing

Borrowers may be able to reduce their student loan payments by refinancing student loans. With student loan refinancing, you take out a new loan with new terms from a private lender. The new loan is used to pay off your existing student loans.

Depending on your credit and financial profile, refinancing could result in a lower interest rate or a lower monthly payment depending on which terms you choose. Just be aware that you may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.

Refinancing federal student loans with a private lender also forfeits your access to federal IDR plans, Public Service Loan Forgiveness, and Teacher Loan Forgiveness.

To find out how much you might be able to save with refinancing, try our student loan refi calculator.

Extended and Graduated Repayment Plans

Another option for current federal student loan borrowers is to consider the Extended Repayment Plan or the Graduated Repayment Plan to help lower their monthly payments.

To qualify for the Extended Repayment Plan, you must have more than $30,000 in outstanding Federal Direct Loans or Federal Family Education Loans (FFEL). Monthly payments on this plan are typically lower than payments of the standard 10-year repayment plan because borrowers have a longer period of time — up to 25 years — to pay them off. However, this means you’ll pay more in interest over the extended term.

Due to the recent legislation, the Extended Repayment Plan will be closed to new borrowers as of July 1, 2026. Current borrowers on the plan will continue to make payments on their extended term.

The Graduated Plan allows borrowers to pay off their loans over 10 years. Payments typically start out relatively low and increase gradually (usually every two years). The plan may be right for you if your income is low, but you expect it to rise.

The Graduated Repayment Plan is eligible to most current borrowers, however, the plan will be closed to new borrowers as of July 1, 2026. Borrowers currently on the plan can continue to make payments on the graduated timetable.

Applying for Deferment or Forbearance

You might also be able to qualify for a deferment or forbearance, allowing you to temporarily stop or reduce your federal student loan payments. Reasons you can currently apply for deferment include being in school, in the military, or unemployed. However, as part of the new domestic policy legislation, economic hardship and unemployment deferments will be eliminated for student loans made on or after July 1, 2027.

If you’re in deferment and you have certain federal loans, such as Direct Subsidized Loans, you typically won’t have to pay the interest that accrues during the deferment period.

You could apply for student loan forbearance if your federal student loan payments represent 20% or more of your gross monthly income, you’ve lost your job or seen your pay reduced, or you can’t pay because of medical bills, among other reasons. Note that interest accrues on your loans while they are in forbearance. As part of the new legislation, forbearance will be capped at nine months in any 24-month period beginning on July 1, 2027 for new borrowers.

The Takeaway

The government uses discretionary income to calculate your federal student loan monthly payments under a qualifying IDR plan. IBR and PAYE use a more generous formula to calculate discretionary income than ICR, and they offer lower monthly payments. Over the next few years, your IDR plan options will be whittled down to IBR and the new RAP plan, both of which use different income calculations.

If you’re not relying on income-driven repayment, you may want to consider the Graduated Repayment Plan or the Extended Repayment Plan to help lower your monthly payments, though those plans will be closing to new borrowers in the summer of 2026. Other options include deferment or forbearance or student loan refinancing.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

How does discretionary income impact income-driven repayment plans?

Currently, income-driven repayment plans base your monthly payments on your discretionary income and family size. Typically, the higher your discretionary income, the higher your monthly student loan payments will be. For example, on the Income-Based Repayment (IBR) Plan, your discretionary income is the difference between your taxable income and 150% of the poverty guideline for your family size and state.

What percentage of discretionary income is used for student loans?

The percentage of discretionary income that’s used for student loan payments depends on the income-driven repayment plan a borrower is enrolled in. For instance, on the Income-Based Repayment (IBR) Plan, your discretionary income is the difference between your taxable income and 150% of the poverty guideline for your family size and state. On the Income Contingent Repayment (ICR) Plan, your discretionary income is the difference between your taxable income and 100% of the poverty guideline for your family size and state.

Can refinancing affect your discretionary income calculation?

Yes, but in an indirect way. Refinancing federal student loans makes you ineligible for income-driven repayment plans that base your payments on your discretionary income and family size. If you think you may want to apply for an IDR plan, refinancing is probably not right for you.

How do I find out my discretionary income for student loans?

To calculate your discretionary income for income-driven repayment plans, you’ll need your adjusted gross income (AGI) and your family size (you plus a spouse and any children, if applicable). Next, determine the federal poverty guideline for your family size and state (you can find this information on the Health and Human Services website) and multiply that number by 150% for the IBR plan or 100% for the ICR plan. Subtract the resulting amount from your AGI to get your discretionary income.

Is discretionary income the same as disposable income?

No, discretionary income and disposable income are not the same thing. Discretionary income as defined by the Department of Education under an income-driven repayment plan is any adjusted gross income you have above 150% or 100% (depending on the plan) of the federal poverty guideline appropriate to your family size. Disposable income, by comparison, is the amount of money you have available after income taxes have been deducted.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.



Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

SOSLR-Q325-025

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Young woman on smartphone

What Happens to Student Loans When You Drop Out?

Dropping out of college is a significant decision that can have far-reaching implications, particularly when it comes to student loans. Many students find themselves in a challenging financial situation after leaving school, unsure of what happens to the loans they’ve taken on and how to manage them.

Here, we’ll walk you through the consequences of dropping out when you’ve already incurred debt, and show you ways to pay off outstanding student loans.

Key Points

•   If you drop out of college, you still have to repay your student loans. Federal loans typically have a six-month grace period before payments start.

•   Missing payments can lead to serious consequences, including credit damage, wage garnishment, and legal action.

•   Income-driven repayment plans can lower monthly payments based on income, and refinancing may reduce interest rates but removes federal protections.

•   Deferment or forbearance may temporarily pause payments, but interest may still accrue.

•   Returning to school at least half-time can defer payments, and refinancing might help if you don’t need federal benefits.

Do I Have to Pay Back My Student Loans If I Drop Out of School?

Regulations dictate that if you leave college or drop below half-time enrollment, you have to start paying back your federal student loans. You may have a grace period (generally, six months) before your first payment is due. Even if payments aren’t due yet, interest may still accrue during the grace period, depending on the type of loans you have.

If you have private student loans, check with your lender to determine when you need to start paying back your loans.

If you’re currently still in school or left very recently before earning a degree, you may be able to request student loan exit counseling from your school, a service normally provided only to graduates. This can help you understand your options, including potential tuition reimbursement. Each school has a different refund policy.

What Happens if I Don’t Pay My Student Loans?

The consequences of late or “delinquent” payments vary by lender, but you can generally expect to be charged late fees each time you miss the due date. If a payment is late by 30 days or more, that information can be reported to the three credit bureaus — Experian®, Equifax®, and TransUnion® — which will negatively affect your credit score.

If you stop paying your student loans for 270 days (about nine months), your federal loans go from being delinquent to being in student loan default. When that happens, the balance is due in full, including accrued interest, collection agency fees, and any other fines, fees, and penalties. Student loans generally cannot be discharged during bankruptcy.

The government can go to great lengths to get their money back, including:

•  Garnishing your paycheck, up to 15% of wages after deductions

•  Withholding your tax refund

•  Going after cosigners for the amount due

•  Suing you in court for the outstanding amount, plus court fees and other expenses

Private student loans generally go into default after 90 days (and don’t qualify for the on-ramp protections). Private lenders may also take you to a court or use collection agencies to recoup student loan debt. Defaulting can wreck your credit, making it challenging for you to obtain a mortgage loan, car loan, credit card, homeowners insurance, or new utilities.

Ways to Pay Off Student Loans If You Didn’t Finish School

Once you leave school, it’s a good idea to begin paying off your loans as quickly as you can, paying more than the minimum payment whenever possible. Before paying ahead, though, check to see if any of your student loans have a prepayment penalty. If so, paying early can cost you money.

Should you refinance your student loans? What about income-driven repayment programs? Below are the best options to help ease financial hardship and avoid default.

Income-Driven Repayment Plans

Income-driven repayment (IDR) plans reduce your monthly federal student loan payments based on your discretionary income and family size. They currently extend the length of the repayment period up to 25 years. After that, any remaining loan balance is forgiven, though the canceled amount may be subject to income taxes.

Enrolling in an income-driven repayment plan won’t have a negative impact on your credit score or history. However, income-driven plans aren’t always the lowest monthly payment option. And even when monthly payments are lower, you will pay more interest over time (longer loan terms mean more interest payments).

Borrowers must recertify their income each year. If they fail to do so, they’ll be returned to the standard 10-year amortizing plan.

Keep in mind that under Trump’s new One Big Beautiful Bill, three of the four income-driven repayment plans will end on July 1, 2028. Borrowers must switch to the one remaining plan, the Income-Based Repayment (IBR) plan, or the new Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP).

The Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP) is a new income-driven repayment plan that’s based on borrowers’ adjusted gross income (AGI), with a $50 monthly reduction per dependent. The RAP plan provides cancellation after 30 years of payments, unlike current income-driven repayment plans that provide cancellation after 10-25 years.

Going Half-Time

Students who are enrolled at least half-time in an eligible college or career program may qualify for an in-school deferment. This type of deferment is generally automatic. If you find the automatic in-school deferment doesn’t kick in, you can file an in-school deferment request form.

Recommended: Refinancing Student Loans with Bad Credit

Refinancing Student Loans

While you’re still able to make your student loan payments and your credit is still good, consider student loan refinancing. You can combine multiple loans into one payment, ideally with a better interest rate and terms.

As your financial situation improves, you can make additional payments (as long as you refinance with a company that doesn’t charge a prepayment penalty) or refinance again with a new term that will accelerate payoff and allow you to pay less interest over the lifetime of the loan.
It’s important to note that by refin

It’s important to note that by refinancing your federal student loans, you will not be able to access federal programs like income-driven repayment plans, Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), and government deferment or forbearance. If you don’t need any of those benefits, a lower student loan interest rate gained by refinancing could be worthwhile.

Serious savings. Save thousands of dollars
thanks to flexible terms and low fixed or variable rates.


What to Do if You Can’t Afford Any Student Loan Payments

If you find yourself in a situation where you cannot afford to make any student loan payments, it’s important to take immediate action to avoid defaulting on your loans. The first step is to reach out to your loan servicer to discuss your options. They can provide you with information about deferment and forbearance, which are temporary solutions that allow you to pause or reduce your payments.

Although deferment or forbearance can give you short-term financial relief, these plans will increase the amount of interest you’ll pay on the loans overall, and can extend the length of the loans.

Student Loan Deferment

Student loan deferment allows eligible borrowers to temporarily reduce loan payments or pause them for up to three years, depending on the type of loan. In most cases, borrowers seeking a deferment will need to provide their loan servicer with documentation that supports their eligibility.

Deferments are typically broken down into qualifying categories:

•   Unemployment. Borrowers receiving unemployment benefits or who are actively seeking and unable to find full-time work may qualify. This deferment is good for up to three years. However, under Trump’s One Big Beautiful Bill, borrowers will no longer be eligible for deferments based on unemployment for loans made after July 1, 2027.

•   Economic Hardship. Individuals receiving merit-tested benefits like welfare, who work full-time but earn less than 150% of the poverty guidelines for their state of residence and family size, or who are serving in the Peace Corps may qualify. This deferment may be awarded for up to three years. Again, under Trump’s One Big Beautiful Bill, borrowers will no longer be eligible for deferments based on economic hardship for loans made after July 1, 2027.

•   Military Service. Members of the U.S. military who are serving active duty may qualify. After a period of active duty service, there is a grace period of 13 months, during which borrowers may also qualify for federal student loan deferment.

•   Cancer Treatment. Borrowers who are undergoing treatment for cancer may qualify. There is a grace period of six months following the end of treatment.

Student Loan Forbearance

There are two types of federal student loan forbearance: general and mandatory. Private lenders sometimes offer relief when you’re dealing with financial hardship, but they aren’t required to, so check your loan terms.

General forbearance is sometimes called discretionary forbearance. That means the servicer decides whether or not to grant your request. People can apply for general forbearance if they’re experiencing financial problems, medical expenses, or employment changes.

General forbearance is only available for certain student loan programs, and is granted for up to 12 months at a time. After the 12 months are up, you are able to reapply if you’re still experiencing difficulty.

Note that starting July 1, 2027, new student borrowers will have a nine-month cap in a 24-month period for student loan forbearance. Borrowers also will no longer be eligible for unemployment or economic hardship deferments and forbearances.

Mandatory forbearance means your servicer is required to grant it under certain circumstances. The Federal Student Aid website has a full list of criteria for mandatory forbearance. Reasons include:

•   Medical residency or dental internship

•   Participating in AmeriCorps

•   Teachers who qualify for teacher student loan forgiveness

•   National Guard duty

•   Monthly student loan payments that are 20% or more of your gross income

If you’re pursuing federal student loan forgiveness, any period of forbearance generally does not count toward your forgiveness requirements.

The Takeaway

Should you unexpectedly need to drop out of school, you’ll still be responsible for paying back your student loans. If you’re able to work, you may want to enroll in an income-driven repayment plan — though keep in mind that these programs don’t always offer the lowest monthly payment possible.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

What happens to your student loans if you drop out of college?

If you drop out of college, your student loans will still need to be repaid. The grace period for federal loans typically lasts six months after you drop out, during which you are not required to make payments. Private loans may have different terms, so it’s important to check with your lender.

Can you still receive financial aid if you drop out of school?

Once you drop out, you will no longer be eligible to receive new financial aid. However, you may still have access to any remaining funds from the current academic year. It’s important to contact your school’s financial aid office to understand your specific situation and any potential refund of unused funds.

What is the grace period for federal student loans, and how does it work?

The grace period for federal student loans is usually six months after you drop out of school. During this time, you are not required to make payments on your loans, but interest may continue to accrue on certain types of loans, such as unsubsidized loans. After the grace period, you will need to start making regular payments.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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