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Changing Student Loan Repayment Plans: Understanding Your Options

If you’re working to pay off student loan debt and having second thoughts about your current repayment plan, it’s possible to make a switch. There are a number of other plans to choose from, and one of them may be a better fit.

For example, there are income-driven repayment (IDR) plans that might help reduce your monthly payments, and an Extended Repayment Plan that could give you more time to repay what you owe.

It’s also important to be aware that federal student loan repayment plans will be undergoing changes in mid-2026, as part of President Trump’s “One Big Beautiful Bill” that was signed into law in 2025. So this is a good time to explore what your options are and what it takes to switch student loan repayment plans.

Key Points

•   Borrowers can change their federal student loan repayment plan at any time.

•   There is no limit to the number of times a borrower can switch to a new repayment plan.

•   Certain repayment plans may better suit a borrower whose financial circumstances have changed.

•   If a borrower is struggling to make student loan payments, switching to an income-driven plan may lower monthly payment amounts.

•   Other student loan debt management strategies include loan forgiveness, deferment, consolidation, and refinancing.

Student Loan Repayment Plan Options

The average student loan debt for federal loans is $39,075 per borrower, according to the Education Data Initiative. The Education Department (ED) currently has several repayment plans for these loans. Some of them are income-driven plans that are based on discretionary income and family size. If your financial situation has changed since you started paying your loan, you might benefit from switching student loan repayment plans if you qualify.

The types of federal student loan repayment plans for federal student loans that are currently available to borrowers include:

Standard Repayment Plan

The Standard Repayment Plan is the default plan for federal student loan borrowers. This plan sets payments at a specific amount that allows borrowers to pay their loans within 10 years.

On the Standard Plan, monthly payments are fixed. Because the repayment time frame is relatively short, borrowers will likely save more money on interest than they would on a plan with a longer repayment timeline. However, their monthly payments will typically be higher because of the short loan term.

It’s important to be aware that the Standard Repayment Plan will change for loans taken out on or after July 1, 2026. The repayment term will then range from 10 to 25 years, and it will be based on the loan amount. If you owe $25,000 or less, your term will be 10 years; if you owe more than $100,000, your repayment term will be 25 years.

Income-Based (IBR) Repayment Plan

One of the three IDR plans currently available, the Income-Based Repayment Plan bases a borrower’s monthly payments on their discretionary income and family size. Most of the other IDR plans are scheduled to close down in 2027, but IBR will remain open to current borrowers.

If you qualify for the IBR plan, your monthly payment will be 10% of your discretionary income if you’re a new borrower on or after July 1, 2014, and you’ll repay the loan over 20 years. Any remaining balance at the end of the loan term will be forgiven.

Income-Contingent (ICR) Repayment Plan

The Income-Contingent Repayment Plan sets a borrower’s payments at the lesser of 20% of their discretionary income or what they would pay on a repayment plan with a fixed payment over 12 years, adjusted to their income. ICR has a repayment term of 25 years.

This repayment plan closes to new enrollees on July 1, 2027. Those already on the plan have until July 1, 2028 to switch to the IBR plan or the new Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP) that will be launched by the Education Department in July 2026.

Pay As You Earn (PAYE)

On PAYE, monthly payments are 10% of a borrower’s discretionary income, and the loan term is 20 years. To be eligible, an individual must be a new borrower as of October 1, 2007, and have received a Direct Loan disbursement on or after October 1, 2011. On PAYE, a borrower’s monthly payment must also be less than what it would be on the Standard Plan.

Like ICR, PAYE is also closing down on July 1, 2027. Those already on the plan will need to switch to the IBR or RAP plan by July 1, 2028.

The Latest on SAVE

One income-driven plan that is no longer available is the Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) plan. SAVE was closed to new borrowers in February 2025, when a court order blocked it. Those enrolled in the plan were placed in forbearance.

So what should you do if you are enrolled in SAVE? In December 2025, the ED announced a proposed settlement with the court that would end the SAVE plan, and said that it would “move all SAVE borrowers into available repayment plans.” ED said it would “reach out to SAVE borrowers in the coming months with more information.”

Graduated and Extended Repayment Plans

The Extended Repayment Plan allows borrowers to repay their loans over a period of up to 25 years. Because of the long loan term, monthly payments will generally be lower, but borrowers will pay more in interest over the life of the loan compared to plans with shorter terms. To qualify for this plan, you must have more than $30,000 in outstanding Direct Loans or more than $30,000 in outstanding Federal Family Education Loans (FFEL) loans.

Under the Graduated Repayment Plan, a borrower starts with lower monthly payments that are gradually increased, typically every two years, over the course of 10 years.

Can You Change Your Student Loan Repayment Plan?

You can change your federal student loan repayment plan at any time. There is no cost to changing your federal student loan repayment plan.

Depending on the type of repayment plan you’d like to switch to, however, you may need to meet certain eligibility requirements.

Eligibility Requirements and Restrictions

Some plans, such as the Extended Repayment Plan and the IDR plans, have certain eligibility requirements. For example, to be eligible for the Extended Repayment Plan, a borrower must have more than $30,000 in outstanding Direct Loans or more than $30,000 in outstanding Federal Family Education Loans (FFEL) loans.

The requirements a borrower will need to meet to qualify for an IDR plan include:

•   Having an eligible loan type. Qualifying loans for IDR plans are Direct Loans (including Direct PLUS Loans for graduate or professional students, and Direct Consolidation Loans that did not repay any PLUS loans), Federal Stafford Loans, FFEL PLUS Loans made to graduate or professional students, FFEL Consolidation Loans that did not repay any PLUS loans made to parents, and Federal Perkins Loans, if these loans are consolidated.

•   Meeting an income cap for PAYE and ICR. Your income must be less than what you’d pay on the 10-year Standard Plan to be eligible for these plans.

•   Being a new borrower for PAYE. To qualify for PAYE, an individual must be a new borrower as of October 1, 2007, and have received a Direct Loan disbursement on or after October 1, 2011.

•   Recertifying every year. Borrowers must recertify their income and family size annually to remain on an IDR plan.

How Often Can You Change Your Student Loan Repayment Plan?

There’s no limit to how many times you can change your student loan repayment plan. You can change repayment plans multiple times during the life of the loan.

There are a few things to keep in mind, though, if you’re thinking about making a switch.

Factors to Consider Before Making a Change

Be aware that every time you change your student loan repayment plan, the interest rate and amount you pay may change. This could work to your advantage if interest rates are low, but if they aren’t, you could end up paying more for your student loan if you change your repayment plan.

Also, reducing your monthly payment may extend the number of years you pay back your loan, which means you’ll pay more in interest the longer you take to repay it. With a 10-year repayment plan, for example, you’d pay less in interest overall than you would with a 25-year plan.

Finally, if you are pursuing student loan forgiveness, changing your repayment plan could affect the qualifying payments you need to make. Not all repayment plans qualify for all types of federal forgiveness.

How to Change Your Student Loan Repayment Plan

If you’re wondering how to change your student loan repayment plan, the process is relatively simple. The easiest way to do it is online.

Steps to Switch Repayment Plans Online

To get started, log into your account at StudentAid.gov. You’ll need your FSA ID. From there, follow these steps:

1.    Click on “Loan Repayment.” From the drop-down menu choose the Loan Simulator and go to “I Want to Find the Best Student Loan Repayment Strategy.” The simulator will use your personal information, such as your income and dependents, to identify which plans you are eligible for.

2.    You can explore the different options you’re able to choose from to compare how much you might pay on each plan. Click on “View and Compare All Plans” at the bottom. This will allow you to see your monthly payment and total payments over the life of the loan.

3.    Decide which repayment plan makes the most sense for you. If you opt for an income-driven plan, you’ll need to apply for it (you’ll see an option to do that — just click on it).

4.    If you choose a fixed repayment plan, like the Graduated Repayment Plan or the Extended Repayment Plan, you can contact your loan servicer to request the new plan. You can find out who your loan servicer is by going to your student loan account dashboard and scrolling to the “My Loan Servicers” section.

Documentation You May Need to Provide

To switch to an IDR plan, you may be required to provide proof of income, such as pay stubs or a recent tax return. You’ll also need to provide your family size and marital status, and your spouse’s financial information, if applicable. Once approved for an IDR plan, you’ll need to recertify each year to continue with the plan.

Your application to change your repayment plan may take some time, so be sure to continue making your current student loan payments in the meantime.

Other Options for Lowering Your Student Loan Payment

Changing repayment plans isn’t the only way to potentially lower your student loan payments. These are some of the other methods you can explore.

Loan Forgiveness

If you work full-time in public service or you’re in education, there are federal loan forgiveness programs you may qualify for, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), which forgives the remaining balance on your eligible loans after 120 qualifying payments made under an eligible repayment plan while working for a qualified employer. If you’re a teacher, and you’ve taught full-time for at least five consecutive years in a low-income school or educational service agency, you might be eligible for Teacher Loan Forgiveness.

Deferment or Forbearance

Borrowers looking for a way to temporarily pause or reduce their federal student loan payments may want to consider student loan deferment or forbearance. While these two programs are similar, there are some key differences. During deferment, borrowers are not required to pay the interest that accrues on their qualifying federal loans. In forbearance, however, borrowers must always pay the interest that accrues on their loans.

Deferment is designed for borrowers with financial difficulties. Forbearance comes in two types — mandatory, which must be granted to those who qualify, such as National Guard members; and general, which your loan servicer must approve you for.

Loan Consolidation

Borrowers who have more than one student loan and are struggling to juggle multiple payments, due dates, and interest rates, may want to consider consolidating student loans to streamline things.

A Direct Consolidation Loan allows borrowers to combine multiple federal loans into one. The interest rate of the new loan is a weighted average of rates of the loans you’re consolidating, rounded up to the nearest one-eighth of a percent. Consolidation can simplify loan payment, but just be aware that it may not save a borrower money because of the weighted interest rate.

Refinancing to a Private Loan

Another option is to refinance student loans with a private lender. With refinancing, you exchange your current loans for one new private loan — ideally one with more favorable rates and terms.

Refinancing could reduce your monthly payments, especially if you qualify for a lower interest rate. Choosing a longer loan term may also lower your monthly payments. However, you might pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.

Keep in mind that refinancing federal student loans makes them ineligible for federal benefits, including income-driven repayment plans and student loan forgiveness. Make sure you won’t need those benefits before you move ahead with refinancing.

If your current federal student loan repayment plan isn’t working for you, you have the option of changing to a new plan. There are income-driven plans that might lower your monthly payments, and extended and graduated plans that could help you lower or stretch out your payments over a longer term. You can explore different repayment options on the Federal Student Aid website to see what might be a good fit for your situation.

And keep in mind that changing repayment plans isn’t the only option for making it easier to manage your loans. You could also consider student loan forgiveness, deferment, loan consolidation, and refinancing. The point is, you have choices when it comes to repaying your student loan debt.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

Can I change my repayment plan for student loans?

Yes, you can change your repayment plan for federal student loans whenever you like. You can choose a new plan, such as an income-driven repayment plan or the Graduated or Extended Repayment plans. You could also consider consolidating your loans, refinancing them, or pursuing student loan forgiveness, if you qualify.

Can you change your loan repayment plan at any time?

Yes, you can change your federal loan repayment plan at any time. And there’s no limit to how many times you can change your student loan repayment plan.

Can I switch IDR plans?

You can switch IDR plans as long as you qualify for the new plan. In addition to meeting an income cap, you must have eligible types of federal loans. Plus, in the case of the PAYE plan, you must also be a new borrower as of October 1, 2007, and have received a Direct Loan disbursement on or after October 1, 2011.

How do I know which student loan repayment plan is right for me?

To help determine which student loan repayment plan is right for you, you can use the Office of Federal Student Aid’s Loan Simulator tool. The simulator will use your personal information, such as your income, marital status, and dependents, to identify which plans you are eligible for. Then you can use the tool to compare the different plans and see your monthly payment amount on each one, plus your total payments over the life of the loan.

Will changing my repayment plan affect loan forgiveness eligibility?

It might, depending on the repayment plan you are changing to. Not all repayment plans qualify for all types of forgiveness. For example, with Public Service Loan Forgiveness, only payments made on an income-driven repayment plan or the Standard Repayment Plan count toward forgiveness. Before changing your plan, check the Federal Student Aid website to make sure that you will still be eligible for the type of forgiveness you’re working toward.


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SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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What Happens to Student Loans in Chapter 13 Bankruptcy?

It’s challenging to get federal and private student loans erased in bankruptcy. But if you’re overwhelmed with your student loans and other debt, you may be able to get some relief through Chapter 13 bankruptcy.

Unlike Chapter 7 bankruptcy, which involves liquidating assets to pay off debts, Chapter 13 allows you to restructure your debts with a new, more manageable payment plan. After three to five years on the plan, many outstanding debts are typically canceled. However, because of the way Chapter 13 bankruptcy works, this may or may not include student loans.

Even if your student loans don’t get wiped out, Chapter 13 reorganization could lower your monthly payments for several years and, by eliminating other debt, make it easier to repay them in the future. But because it has a major impact on your credit, Chapter 13 should only be used as a last resort.

Here’s a closer look at what happens to student loans in Chapter 13 bankruptcy and how it can impact your student loan situation.

Key Points

•   Discharging federal and private student loans through bankruptcy is generally considered a last resort because bankruptcy remains on a borrower’s credit report for years.

•   Chapter 13 bankruptcy restructures a debt into a payment plan that borrowers pay off over three to five years, while Chapter 7 liquidates borrowers’ assets to pay creditors.

•   Discharging student loans in Chapter 13 requires an “adversary proceeding” to prove “undue hardship” to the court.

•   Chapter 13 may reduce student loan payments and halt collections, but interest continues to accrue on the loans, typically increasing what’s owed.

•   Federal student loans are generally more challenging to discharge through bankruptcy compared to private student loans

Understanding Chapter 13 Bankruptcy

Chapter 13 is a type of bankruptcy that restructures your debt. It’s known as a “wage earner’s plan” because it enables borrowers who earn a steady income to develop a plan to repay all or part of their debts.

When you apply for Chapter 13 bankruptcy, you’ll make a list of all your debts, as well as provide information on your income and regular expenses. With the help of a bankruptcy trustee appointed by the court, you’ll come up with a plan for repaying your creditors on a three- or five-year plan. The plan will allocate your disposable income toward your debts on a “pro rata” basis, or proportionally based on what you owe to each creditor. Disposable income is the income left over after you’ve paid all of your essential expenses. Once you’ve completed the bankruptcy payment plan, the court will discharge the remaining balances of qualifying debts.

Student debt isn’t automatically considered a qualifying debt, though. To get your student loans discharged through Chapter 13 bankruptcy, you need to take an additional step of filing what’s called an “adversary proceeding.” As part of this filing, you must prove to the court that paying back your student loans would be an “undue hardship” for you and your family. While this used to be a highly complicated process, a policy change put into place by the Biden administration in 2022 simplified and streamlined the paperwork involved. Student loan borrowers can now fill out a 15-page form that details their financial struggles and makes their case for student loan discharge.

Eligibility Requirements for Chapter 13

To file for Chapter 13 bankruptcy, you must meet the following requirements:

•   You have a regular income. You must have enough disposable income to make some payments on your debts. If your income is higher than the local median income, you’ll repay your debt over three years. If it’s below the median, you’ll repay your debt over five years.

•   Your debt is under the limit. Your combined debts must total less than $2.75 million.

•   You’re up-to-date on income tax filing. You’ll need to submit proof that you filed your federal and state income tax returns for the four tax years before your bankruptcy filing date.

•   You’ve received credit counseling. You must have received credit counseling from an approved agency within 180 days before filing for bankruptcy.

Meeting these requirements sets the stage for entering into Chapter 13 bankruptcy and working toward debt reorganization. To get your student loans canceled through bankruptcy, however, there are additional requirements. A bankruptcy court typically must find that:

•   You cannot presently maintain a minimal standard of living if you are required to repay the student loan.

•   Your financial situation is likely to persist into the future for a significant portion of the loan repayment period.

•   You have made good faith efforts in the past to repay the student loan.

Recommended: Insolvency vs Bankruptcy

How Chapter 13 Differs From Chapter 7 Bankruptcy

One of the main differences between Chapter 13 and Chapter 7 bankruptcy is the way they deal with debt. With Chapter 7 bankruptcy, an individual’s non-exempt assets are liquidated to repay the debt. In Chapter 13 bankruptcy, the debt is reorganized and repaid under a court-approved plan over a period of three to five years.

While Chapter 7 discharges debt quickly — typically, within months — it has drawbacks. If you own property such as a home or car, they could be repossessed. Additionally, there’s the factor of how long bankruptcy stays on credit reports. A Chapter 7 bankruptcy remains on your credit report for 10 years.

If you file for Chapter 13 bankruptcy, you can typically keep property such as a home or car by paying what you owe through your repayment plan. Chapter 13 bankruptcy stays on your credit report for seven years.

Because of the serious impact both types of bankruptcy can have on your credit, filing for Chapter 13 or Chapter 7 bankruptcy is generally considered as a last resort.

Recommended: What Is Nondischargeable Debt?

How Does a Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Affect Student Loan Payments?

When it comes to Chapter 13 bankruptcy and student loans, your payments can be affected in the following ways:

•   It can reduce your monthly payments. Chapter 13 bankruptcy will base your debt payments on your disposable income. You’ll make payments to your appointed trustee, who will distribute these payments among your various creditors. Depending on the terms of the plan, your student loan payments may go down substantially.

•   It may temporarily delay student loan payments. Depending on your disposable income and the terms of your repayment plan, you may not have to pay anything toward student loans for a time during Chapter 13 bankruptcy. That said, interest will keep adding up on your loans, and you may face a greater debt burden when your Chapter 13 plan comes to an end.

•   It prohibits student loan collection. During Chapter 13 bankruptcy, an automatic stay will go into effect which prohibits credit collectors or loan servicers from harassing you and trying to collect the debt for up to five years.

•   You may be able to get your loans discharged. Filing for Chapter 13 bankruptcy does not in itself guarantee that your student loans will be discharged. But it does allow you to file an adversary proceeding. If you’re able to prove that repaying your student loans would cause extreme hardship, you may be able to get your loans canceled at the end of your repayment plan.

Treatment of Federal vs. Private Student Loans

Federal loans tend to be more difficult to discharge through bankruptcy than private student loans are to discharge in bankruptcy.

Although borrowers need to prove undue hardship to be eligible for bankruptcy with either type of loan, federal student loans come with more borrower protections than private student loans do. For example, federal loan borrowers may be able to take advantage of income-driven repayment plans that base monthly payments on a borrower’s discretionary income and family size, or opt for deferment or forbearance, which temporarily pause or reduce monthly student loan payments.

Private loans don’t have these benefits, so it may be easier for a private student loan borrower to prove that undue hardship exists as a result.

In addition, private lenders may be more willing to negotiate a settlement or loan discharge than the federal government, which has the ability to seize a borrower’s wages and tax refunds in order to collect on defaulted loans.

Impact on Interest Accrual During the Repayment Plan

During a Chapter 13 repayment plan, the interest continues to accrue on student loans. This means that a borrower may have a substantially higher amount to pay when bankruptcy ends. At that point, they will need to resume full payments for what they still owe on their student loans, plus the accrued interest.

What Takes Place When Your Chapter 13 Case Comes to an End?

A Chapter 13 bankruptcy can eventually discharge some of your debts. But unless you were able to prove to the court that repaying your student loans would be a serious hardship, your federal or private student debt won’t just completely go away.

Remaining Balance and Repayment Obligations

After the bankruptcy plan comes to an end, your lender or loan servicer will set you up on a new payment schedule with a recalculated monthly payment.

If you’ve been able to get rid of your other debts or increase your income over the years you’ve been in Chapter 13, you may be in a better position to afford your student loan payments. You can also explore various options for student loan relief or forgiveness.

An income-driven repayment (IDR) plan, as mentioned previously, bases your monthly student loan payment amount on your income and family size. And under one of the IDR plans — the Income-Based Repayment (IBR) plan — any remaining loan balance is forgiven on your federal student loans at the end of the repayment period.

Also, thanks to a new rule that went into effect in July 2025, borrowers in the IBR plan can receive credit toward forgiveness for each month of payments under a Chapter 13 plan. This is the case even if the borrower enrolls in the IBR plan during or immediately after the bankruptcy case is closed.

Will You Be Able to Apply for Student Loans in the Future?

Chapter 13 bankruptcy may affect your ability to secure student loans going forward, especially private loans. Here’s what you need to know.

Impact of Bankruptcy on Federal Loan Eligibility

Reorganizing your student loans through Chapter 13 bankruptcy should not disqualify you from taking out additional federal student loans in the future. However, you may not qualify for federal student loans or other types of aid if you have any loans in default.

If you’re in default, you can turn to student loan consolidation or rehabilitation to get your loans out of default and back into good standing.

Credit Considerations When Applying for Private Loans

Qualifying for a private student loan or student loan refinancing after bankruptcy might be more difficult. Private lenders base their approval decisions on your creditworthiness. Lenders may view applicants with a bankruptcy history as high-risk, leading to higher interest rates or denial of loan applications. Chapter 13 bankruptcy can stay on your credit report for seven years.

You may be able to qualify for a private student loan or student loan refinancing by applying with a creditworthy cosigner, however.

The Takeaway

Filing for bankruptcy doesn’t necessarily mean that your student loans will be discharged. However, Chapter 13 bankruptcy can give you a new repayment plan for all of your debts, including your student loans, for three or five years. This reorganization might give you some much-needed breathing room if you’re overwhelmed with debt and calls from debt collectors. After this time period, many of your debts (and possibly your student loans) will be canceled.

If Chapter 13 bankruptcy does not result in student loan discharge, however, you’ll have to pay them back after your plan comes to an end. Interest that accrued during the repayment period will also be added to the loan balance, increasing the total amount owed. And keep in mind that filing for Chapter 13 can have a negative impact on your credit that can linger for seven years.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

Can Chapter 13 bankruptcy help with student loan payments?

Chapter 13 bankruptcy could reduce your student loan payments for three to five years. The automatic stay issued when you file for Chapter 13 also halts all collection activities, including those for student loans, which can prevent default and other aggressive collection actions during the repayment period.

Filing for Chapter 13 bankruptcy also allows you to file an adversary proceeding. If you’re able to prove that repaying your student loans will result in undue hardship, you may be able to get the loans canceled, along with your other debts, at the end of the repayment period.

Will Chapter 13 bankruptcy eliminate my student loan debt?

Not necessarily. Filing for Chapter 13 bankruptcy can get certain debts discharged after you complete a three- or five-year payment plan. In order to get student loans discharged, however, you need to file a separate action, known as an “adversary proceeding,” requesting the bankruptcy court find that repayment would impose undue hardship on you and your dependents.

What happens to student loan collections during bankruptcy?

If you file for bankruptcy, all collection activities, including those for student loans, will automatically be paused until the case is over or a judge says that payments should restart.

Can student loans be discharged in Chapter 13 under undue hardship?

It’s possible. If you are able to prove through an adversary proceeding that repaying your loans would result in undue hardship, you may be able to get your loans discharged.

Will filing Chapter 13 affect my ability to go back to school or get financial aid?

Unless you have student loans that are in delinquency or default, filing Chapter 13 should not affect your ability to go back to school or impact your eligibility for financial aid. If your loans are in default, however, you will likely need to resolve the situation and work to set up a repayment plan to become eligible for financial aid.


Photo credit: iStock/Maksym Belchenko

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

This article is not intended to be legal advice. Please consult an attorney for advice.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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Understanding Average Graduate Student Loan Debt

Getting a graduate degree can help you move up the company ladder, boost your salary, or switch to a different career. But going back to school can be costly. On average, students rack up $106,129 in student debt to pay for graduate school, based on projections for 2025 by the Education Data Initiative. That average reflects debt for all advanced degrees beyond the bachelor’s level, including master’s and doctoral degrees.

Many students who borrow money to pay for grad school already have debt from undergraduate studies. Their debt from graduate school alone is $95,104.

Fortunately, there are ways to get a graduate degree without taking on a large amount of student loan debt. There are also a variety of payment plans that can make repaying grad school debt easier on your budget after you graduate. Here’s what you need to know about student loan debt for graduate school.

Key Points

•  The average graduate student loan debt is $95,104, and when combined with typical undergraduate debt, totals around $106,129.

•  Debt levels vary: Master’s graduates owe $81,870, while Ph.D. graduates owe $180,757 on average, with higher balances at private schools.

•  Federal options include Direct Unsubsidized Loans (up to $20,500/year, 7.94% rate) and Direct PLUS Loans (up to full cost of attendance, 8.94% rate).

•  To reduce borrowing, students can pursue scholarships, fellowships, tuition assistance, online or accelerated programs, and borrow only what’s needed.

•  Repayment can be managed through income-driven plans, PSLF eligibility, or refinancing (though refinancing federal loans removes federal protections).

What Is the Average Graduate Student Loan Debt?

If you’re thinking about applying to graduate school, you may be wondering how much you’ll need to borrow to cover your costs and whether or not it will be worth it.

On average, students leave graduate school with a student loan debt balance of $95,104 (from grad school alone). How much debt students rack up going to grad school, however, can vary significantly depending on the type of degree they pursue and the kind of school they attend. A doctoral degree generally costs more than a masters, for example, while attending a public, non-profit university is typically cheaper than going to a private, for-profit college.

Here’s a closer look at the average graduate school debt balance for different degrees obtained at different types of institutions.

•  Master’s degrees: The average total student loan debt balance is $81,870 ($64,440 is just from graduate school).

•  Master’s degrees from public schools: The average total student loan debt balance is $69,624 ($47,560 is just from graduate school).

•  Masters degrees from private schools: The average total student loan debt balance is $95,381($79,329 is just from graduate school).

•  Ph.D.s: The average total student debt balance is $77,331.

•  Ph.D.s from public schools: The average total student loan debt balance is $74,978 from graduate school alone.

•  Ph.D.s from private schools: The average total student loan debt balance is $74,977 from graduate school alone.

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Exploring Options to Finance Graduate School

Grad students can finance their education with federal student loans, private loans, or federal and private student loans. Here’s a closer look at the different types of loans available for graduate school.

Federal Loans

Graduate students can take out two different types of federal loans.

Direct Unsubsidized Loans

Currently, you can borrow up to $20,500 each year in Direct Unsubsidized Loans for graduate school, and eligibility is not based on financial need. The interest rate for Direct Unsubsidized Loans for graduate students for 2025-26 is 7.94%, plus an origination fee of 1.057%.

If you borrowed federal funds for your bachelor’s degree, you may be subject to a total federal funding limit of $138,000 in Direct Loans, including the amount of your undergraduate degree. Graduate PLUS (and Parent PLUS loans) are separate from this amount.

However, as part of the big domestic policy bill President Trump signed into law in the summer of 2025, for graduate student borrowers who take out new Direct Unsubsidized Loans on or after July 1, 2026, there will be a new aggregate limit for these loans of $100,000.

Direct PLUS Loans

If Direct Unsubsidized Loans aren’t enough to cover your attendance costs, you can currently turn to Direct PLUS Loans, which have a higher interest rate. You can borrow up to the full cost of attendance for each year, which is set by your university and includes expected living costs for the town or city you’ll be studying in.

Eligibility is not based on financial need, but a credit check is required. Borrowers who have an adverse credit history must meet additional requirements to qualify. The interest rate for 2025-26 is 8.94%, plus a 4.228% origination fee.

It’s important to note that Graduate PLUS loans will be eliminated for new borrowers as of July 1, 2026, as part of the domestic policy bill. Students who took out PLUS loans before that time may continue for the lesser of three additional academic years or until the borrower graduates.

Private Loans

Students can also take out private student loans for graduate school. Borrowers applying for grad school who already have a well-established credit history, may be able to get a lower interest rate from private lenders than from the federal government. This could save you a significant amount of money over time, and also potentially help you get out of debt faster.

You’ll want to keep in mind, however, that the government offers significant protections that can make federal student loan debt easier to manage, such as income-driven repayment plans and student loan forgiveness.

How to Minimize Graduate School Debt

If you are interested in attending graduate school but worried about being saddled with high debt payments after you graduate, here are some ways to make your advanced degree more affordable.

Tap Free Funding Options

Scholarships, fellowships, and grants are some of the best ways to pay for graduate school. You can ask your school about institutional awards and also search for professional organizations focused on the field you’re interested in to see if they offer graduate scholarships. In addition, some schools also offer tuition waivers or some monetary awards for students who serve as teaching assistants.

Ask Your Employer About Tuition Assistance

If you plan to continue working while attending graduate school part-time, it’s worth finding out if your employer offers a tuition assistance program. Some companies will cover all or a portion of their employees’ higher education expenses. There may, however, be some strings attached, such as staying in the company for a specific amount of time. Reach out to your HR department to find out whether your employer offers this benefit and, if so, what the requirements are.

Borrow Only What You Need

There are no subsidized loans for graduate school, which means you’ll need to pay for all the interest that accrues on your loans. With Graduate PLUS loans, you are currently able to borrow up to your school’s cost of attendance, which can include expenses like transportation and child care. However, that doesn’t mean you should access the maximum amount. It’s a good idea to tap savings and income before turning to loans to cover all of your costs. This can help minimize how much debt you have to repay after you get your degree.

Look Into Online or Accelerated Programs

Some schools charge the same tuition for online and on-campus programs, but others charge substantially less for online classes. Also, the faster you can get a degree, generally the less you will have to borrow to pay for it. A one-year MBA, for example, will typically cost significantly less than a two-year program.

Explore Your Repayment Options

Federal loans currently offer income-driven plans that can keep graduate loan payments manageable after you graduate if your income is low. If you pursue a career in public service or nonprofit, you may also qualify for Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF).
[Compliance: The PSLF article is currently in the process of being updated.]

If you’re getting an advanced degree that will boost your earning power, keep in mind that you may be able to refinance your federal and private graduate school loans after you graduate at a lower rate. This could potentially translate to lower monthly payments and also save you money over the life of your loan. Refinancing can also allow you to remove a cosigner off of your student loans, if you have one.

If you are considering refinancing student loans, keep in mind that refinancing federal loans with a private lender means giving up federal student loan protections such as income-driven repayment plans and PSLF.

The Takeaway

Most graduate students in the U.S. leave school with upwards of $106,000 in graduate school debt. Depending on what type of degree you pursue and where you study, you could end up with less — or more — than the average amount of graduate student loan debt.

If you’re interested in grad school but concerned about debt, keep in mind that you may be able to lower the cost of your degree by getting fellowships and grants, becoming a teaching assistant, tapping your employer’s tuition assistance, and considering an online or accelerated program. You may also be able to refinance your grad school loans at a lower rate after you graduate, making them easier to manage.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

How much debt is the average graduate student in?

The average graduate student has about $106,129 in student debt, based on projections for 2025 by the Education Data Initiative. While that also includes debt from their undergraduate degree, their debt from graduate school alone is $95,104.

The exact amount of student debt grad students carry can vary widely, depending on the type of program they were in and the school they attended, among other factors.

Is $100,000 a lot of student loan debt?

For graduate students, $100,000 is about the average amount of student loan debt they hold, which is approximately $106,129 in 2025, according to projections from the Education Data Initiative. By comparison, the average undergraduate student debt is $39,075.

What is the average student loan debt for a doctoral degree?

The average student loan debt for borrowers with a doctoral degree is $180,757, according to the Education Data Initiative. Debt for those with professional doctorates, such as doctors and lawyers, have the highest average student loan debt of $213,439.


About the author

Julia Califano

Julia Califano

Julia Califano is an award-winning journalist who covers banking, small business, personal loans, student loans, and other money issues for SoFi. She has over 20 years of experience writing about personal finance and lifestyle topics. Read full bio.


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Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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A smiling young woman sits on a couch with a laptop while holding a college acceptance letter.

What Is an Acceptance Letter for College? What to Expect

An acceptance letter is a college’s formal invitation for you to enroll in their programs as a student. Depending on the type of admission you applied for, letters will be delivered from December through April. Once received, you have the option to accept or decline the offer.

Financial aid offer letters may look similar to an acceptance letter, but differ in key points. Financial aid offer letters, also known as award letters, will outline financial aid (if any) and a summary of the cost of attendance. Generally, an acceptance letter and an offer letter are sent together. In some cases, though, offer letters may be sent after acceptances.

Read on to learn more about what an acceptance letter is, what an offer letter is, when to expect an acceptance letter, and how to respond to an acceptance letter.

Key Points

•  A college acceptance letter is the school’s official invitation to enroll, usually sent between December and April depending on application type (early decision, early action, regular, or rolling admission).

•  An acceptance letter confirms admission, while a financial aid offer letter outlines costs, scholarships, grants, loans, and deadlines for accepting aid.

•  Acceptance letters may also include prospective student event details (like orientation) and key deadlines — with May 1 often being the national decision deadline.

•  Students should compare financial aid offers, weigh academic fit, location, and campus culture, then choose the best college for their goals and finances.

•  Once a student commits, they should decline other offers promptly so spots can be given to waitlisted applicants.

Basic Definition of an Acceptance Letter

Acceptance letters will generally contain the three following components:

1.   A university’s offer to enroll and reasons the applicant stood out.

2.   Details about on-campus events for prospective students.

3.   Important deadlines and information on ancillary documents, such as a financial offer letter.

Students who apply for regular decisions generally receive their decision letters in March and April, but early decision and early action decision letters may be sent as soon as December.

Offer Letter vs Acceptance Letter for College

As mentioned, an acceptance letter details whether or not a student has been admitted into a specific college. Financial aid offer letters, also known as financial aid award letters, break down the tuition cost, scholarships and grants awarded, work-study programs offered, and federal student loan options available.

In order to apply for federal financial aid, students are required to fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA®, annually. The information provided on the FAFSA helps determine the types of aid, and aid amounts, that students qualify for.

Scholarships and grants are funds awarded to students that do not need to be repaid. Loans are either provided by the government or a private entity and are repaid by the borrower, though only federal student loans would be included as a part of a student’s federal aid package. Work-study is a federal program that offers employment to students who qualify and have filed a FAFSA.

Furthermore, colleges use the information provided on the FAFSA to determine awards based on needs and merit.

In cases when federal aid isn’t enough to pay for college, students may consider private student loans to help fill in funding gaps. Keep in mind, though, that private student loans aren’t necessarily afforded the same borrower protections as federal loans — things like income-driven repayment or deferment options. That is why private student loans are generally only considered after all other options have been depleted.

College Acceptance Letter College Offer Letter

•   Formal acceptance into college program

•   Excludes Cost of Attendance (COA) info

•   Shares details of optional prospective student campus events

•   Contains important deadlines, usually the date to accept/decline the offer to enroll

•   Sent with or after acceptance letter

•   Outlines Cost of Attendance (COA)

•   Shares details of scholarships and grants awarded, as well as suggested loans

•   Contains deadline to accept/decline financial offer

College Acceptance Letter Dates

College application deadlines vary by college and so will college acceptance letter dates. Acceptance letters are sent out on dates depending on the type of application you submitted: regular, early action, restrictive early action, or early decision.

Applying for college early is one way prospective students can complete the application and acceptance process on an early timeline. It can be a path for those who have researched colleges thoroughly and want to get into a specific college.

Early action gives you a chance to apply to several colleges at once. Restrictive early action typically allows you to apply early to a single college, with the exception of public universities. Applicants who choose these routes are not obligated to accept their offer if admitted.

Early decision applicants apply to one school early decision and, if accepted, are required to commit. If an early decision applicant is accepted, they must withdraw their application from all other schools.

Additionally, some schools offer a more flexible rolling admission process. Instead of waiting to evaluate applications after specific deadlines, schools review applications as they are submitted (on a rolling basis). Generally, they’ll continue accepting applications until all of the open slots in their program are filled.

This table provides an overview of the types of applications, their general deadlines, and information on when students may accept a decision. Keep in mind that these dates are broad guidelines, and students should confirm all deadlines with the schools of interest.

Application Application Deadline Decision Dates (General)
Regular Decision December, January, February March-April
Early Action November December-January
Restrictive Early Action November December
Early Decision November 1-15 (some December and January) December-January
Rolling Admission Varies by school Typically within four to six weeks of submitting an application

When Do College Acceptance Letters Arrive?

Depending on the type of application, your college acceptance letter may arrive between December and April. Financial aid offer letters will be sent with or may follow acceptance letters.

What Does a College Acceptance Letter Say?

A college letter of acceptance will share the admission decision and may offer a list of upcoming events, such as when orientation will take place. It will also contain a deadline for you to submit a final decision.

The Decision

The first paragraph gets straight to the point: you’re in! It may also detail why you stood out from other applicants.

Prospective Student Events

Your letter may contain information on upcoming event dates and inform you on incoming ancillary documents, such as your financial offer letter.

Acceptance Deadline

The last portion of your letter will have important deadlines, including the date to accept the college’s offer. May 1st has become widely known as the deadline for students to make decisions about the college they’ll enroll in. Keep in mind that while this is a popular date for decision deadlines, colleges may have their own deadlines and applicants who applied early may have an earlier deadline.

Recommended: 7 Tips to Prepare for College Decision Day

How to Respond to College Acceptance Letter

Colleges typically send acceptance letters via email or through the college application portal you set up when you first applied, and you can generally accept or decline through the portal. However, some schools will send acceptance letters and forms to formally decline or accept their offer by snail mail.

Be sure to educate yourself and stay connected to your top choice colleges’ admissions offices on how to respond to their college acceptance letter and to prevent missing important communications.

1. Weigh Your Options

College tuition is rapidly increasing — and can play a major role in your decision.

Compare financial offer letters to determine the best deal. If a college offers more aid, but has a substantial cost, then another college with less aid and a smaller price tag might impact your decision.

There are no standard offer letter forms, so cross-checking their website with your offer letter and getting advice can be helpful. You can also follow up with college admissions offices with your questions.

2. Choose Which College You Want to Attend

Of course, other factors will weigh into your decision-making. According to The Princeton Review’s 2025 “College Hopes & Worries” survey, students are split between prioritizing “overall fit” and “program for my career interests” when choosing a college. Nearly half (47%) of respondents chose the answer “College that will be the best overall fit,” while nearly a third (32%) selected “College with the best program for my (my child’s) career interests.” Only 11% chose “College that will be most affordable” and only 10% chose “College with the best academic reputation.”

You can break down your decision even further with the following questions:

•  How strong is the academic rigor of the program I’m pursuing? Is the program a fit for me?

•  How important is the location to me?

•  What stands out to me about the campus culture?

•  Is this institution the right fit for my financial situation?

•  Does it have strong career preparation programs and resource offices?

Choosing a college will take time. But with research and guidance, you can have more confidence in making your final decision.

3. Find Funding for the School You Choose

Financial aid from schools, private entities, and the government may help put an expensive college within reach. If your top choice is not fully covered by out-of-pocket finances and other sources of financial aid, applying for a private student loan is an option.

Also, getting a job during the summer or working while in school can help with tuition and daily needs.

Recommended: How to Pay for College

4. Decline Other College Acceptance Letters

Once you’ve accepted a school offer, be sure to notify other colleges that accepted you that you are declining their offer as soon as possible. This enables them to offer your spot to waitlisted prospective students.

The Takeaway

Your college admission acceptance letter and financial aid offer letter are key to deciding your next steps. From as early as December until April, you may receive college decision letters. Unless you applied early decision, waiting to receive all college acceptance letters can help you evaluate your options.

Funding your education will be one of the most important decisions you make. Compare your financial aid offer letters to determine which school offers the best value. Most colleges will give you until May 1 to accept or decline their offer and financial aid package (if any).

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

How do I get my college acceptance letter?

Typically, colleges will send your acceptance letter via email or through the online college application portal you used to submit your materials. For a few schools, especially those with an older or more traditional process, you may still receive a physical acceptance packet by postal mail, which often includes a congratulatory letter, forms to formally accept or decline the offer, and additional information about the college. Always check the admissions page of your chosen schools for their specific communication method.

When should I expect my college acceptance letter?

Acceptance letter arrival times depend on the type of application you submitted. If you applied via early action or early decision, you can generally expect a decision between December and January. Regular decision applicants usually hear back in March or April. For rolling admission, schools review applications as they come in, and you will typically receive a decision within four to six weeks of submitting your application. Always confirm specific dates on the college’s admissions website.

Do colleges still send out physical acceptance letters?

While digital communication is now the norm for college admissions, some institutions, especially those with established traditions, continue to send physical acceptance packets through the postal mail. These often contain a formal congratulatory letter, along with hard copies of forms needed to accept or decline the offer, and various campus-specific materials. Therefore, you may receive both an email notification and a packet in the mail.


Photo credit: iStock/Adene Sanchez

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Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Bank, N.A. and its lending products are not endorsed by or directly affiliated with any college or university unless otherwise disclosed.

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Two nurses standing in a hospital hallway in white scrubs review information on a tablet together and discuss it.

What Is the Average Nurse Salary?

Nursing can be a rewarding career in a couple of important ways. It involves caring for the health of others, which can be satisfying. A nursing degree can also mean job stability and a good paycheck. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, demand for nurses will increase at 5% per year, faster than the average career growth. And the average registered nurse salary was at a median of $93,600 per year in 2024. Compare that with the median US salary for the same period of $61,984, and you can see that nursing can be a lucrative career.

The average nursing salary will vary depending on the type of nursing you do. For instance, there’s the average nurse salary vs. the average registered nurse salary vs. the average nurse practitioner salary. Qualifications and other factors will determine how much you make as a nurse.

Read on to learn more about nursing salaries, the cost of getting a nursing degree, and ways to pay for it. This information can help you decide if nursing is the right career path for you, and, if so, which type of nursing you want to pursue.

Key Points

•  The median registered nurse (RN) salary is $93,600 per year, well above the U.S. median salary of $61,984, with demand projected to grow 5% annually.

•  Salaries differ by role: LVN/LPNs average $62,340, RNs $93,600, Clinical Nurse Specialists $94,945, and Nurse Practitioners $137,00.

•  Nursing pay varies widely by location, with Washington and California among the highest, and Mississippi and Alabama among the lowest.

•  Education costs range from $2,000 to $18,000 for LPN programs, and $57,000+ for advanced degrees, plus fees for supplies, licensing, and exams.

•  Nurses may qualify for loan forgiveness programs like PSLF, NURSE Corps, or NHSC, or manage debt through repayment plans and refinancing.

Average Salaries for Different Types of Nurses

If you’re considering nursing as a career and wondering how much nurses make, it’s vital to know about the different types of nurses. Each has its own education and certification requirements.

•  A licensed vocational nurse (LVN) or licensed practical nurse (LPN) is one of the lowest-paid jobs within the nursing field. Job responsibilities are typically similar for LVN and LPNs. California and Texas use the term LVN, while the rest of the country uses the designation LPN. These positions also have the lowest educational requirements.

While LVN/LPN roles don’t always require a college education, there are usually state-approved training certification programs. Most of these courses take aspiring LVN/LPNs one year to complete, and then they must pass the NCLEX-PN examination for state licensing. How much does a nurse make a year with this kind of credential? The average salary for LVN/LPNs as of 2024 was about $62,340 annually.

•  Aspiring registered nurses (RN) typically need a bachelor’s or associate degree from an accredited program. There are also some accelerated programs available and some second degree programs for students who already have a bachelor’s degree in another field.

After successfully completing their chosen coursework, nursing students must then pass the NCLEX-RN exam in order to become a certified RN. In addition, RNs usually must obtain a state license after passing the NCLEX-RN exam.

To drill down on the details here, know that each state has its own licensing board. You may want to research the specific requirements in the state where you plan to practice. How much do RNs make? The average RN salary as of 2024, as noted above, was approximately $93,600 per year. (Below you will find state-by-stage nursing salaries, though not specifically for RNs.)

Next, consider the career of a Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS). This type of nurse has gone a step beyond RN and pursued additional education. At a minimum, you must have a master of science in nursing (MSN) to become a CNS.

A CNS typically trains extensively in a specialty area, such as emergency medicine, oncology, or women’s health. In 2024, the average salary for a CNS was $94,945 annually and it may be well above $100,000 depending on location, which is higher than the RN salary, reflecting the additional education and skills.

•  A Nurse Practitioner (NP) holds an advanced degree, but their responsibilities vary slightly when compared with a CNS. For example, in most states, a nurse practitioner is able to prescribe medication, while a CNS is not. The average nurse practitioner salary in 2024 was $137,000 annually.

Average Salaries and Location

Here’s another factor that can impact the average nurse’s salary: location. After all, wages and overall cost of living can vary dramatically depending on whether you live in, say, a small town or close to a pricey urban center.

Check this chart to see how average nurse salaries compare state by state. Note that these figures reflect LPN salaries, which are at the lower end of the spectrum, but they can give you an idea of how much nurses make by location. This could be good information to consider when deciding where to practice.

State Average Annual Nurse Salary
Alabama $50,760
Alaska $77,850
Arizona $72,840
Arkansas $52,540
California $79,090
Colorado $68,570
Connecticut $70,240
Delaware $66,510
District of Columbia $70,530
Florida $60,320
Georgia $58,090
Hawaii $67,540
Idaho $59,340
Illinois $68,450
Indiana $62,990
Iowa $59,640
Kansas $59,930
Kentucky $57,410
Louisiana $54,610
Maine $72,600
Maryland $70,700
Massachusetts $76,400
Michigan $65,430
Minnesota $61,270
Mississippi $49,960
Missouri $58,900
Montana $58,710
Nebraska $60,240
Nevada $71,460
New Hampshire $73,850
New Jersey $71,300
New Mexico $56,690
New York $66,380
North Carolina $62,040
North Dakota $60,110
Ohio $60,600
Oklahoma $55,270
Oregon $78,160
Pennsylvania $62,550
Rhode Island $77,240
South Carolina $58,430
South Dakota $51,230
Tennessee $53,490
Texas $60,020
Utah $61,390
Vermont $68,580
Virginia $63,380
Washington $79,970
West Virginia $52,540
Wisconsin $61,680
Wyoming $61,080

How Much Does it Cost to Get a Nursing Degree?

The cost of getting a nursing degree varies based on the type of nursing program you choose. Each of the nursing positions listed above requires different degrees and certification.

•  The process to become an LVN/LPN generally costs between $2,000 and $18,000.

•  Taking an RN two-year associate program can cost $6,000 to $25,000.

•  An alternative is to become an RN through a four-year bachelor’s program. This process works similarly to most other bachelor’s degree programs and typically costs the same as a four-year college or university.

•  In addition to having already been an RN, both CNS and NP careers require advanced degrees. Typically, a masters of science in nursing (MSN) is required for both positions, which can cost between $18,000 to $57,000 in total.

•  Some choose to further their education, becoming a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). These degrees can be expensive but also have the potential to increase a nurse’s salary. After a master’s degree, expect to pay around an additional $21,000 to $39,000, but your nursing salary is likely to rise, too.

There are usually costs beyond nursing school tuition. You’ll likely have to buy textbooks and supplies like a lab coat, scrubs, and a stethoscope. Many programs also charge additional lab fees each semester. Many schools will require nursing students to take out liability insurance and get some mandatory immunizations.

After graduating from your chosen program(s), you’ll also likely want to factor in the cost of licensing and exam fees as you enter the job market.

Paying for Your Nursing Degree

Becoming a nurse can be a pricey process, depending on the path you choose. But there are options available to help students pay for their nursing degree. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing has a database of scholarships for nursing schools. As you may know, scholarships don’t need to be repaid. This can make them an especially valuable resource in making ends meet as a nursing student.

In addition, federal aid, including grants, scholarships, work-study, and federal student loans could provide some relief. To apply, students must fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) each year.

Student Loan Forgiveness Options for Nurses

There are a number of student loan forgiveness programs available to nurses. Keep in mind that each typically has its own program requirements, so it’s helpful to review them closely to determine whether you qualify.

•  Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) forgives certain federal Direct loans after 10 years of qualifying, on-time payments. This program is open to borrowers who work for a qualifying organization. You can find details online about qualifying for the PSLF program to see if you could benefit from it.

•  The NURSE Corps Loan Repayment Program will repay a portion of a nurse’s eligible student loans when they work full time at a Critical Shortage Facility or as a faculty member at a qualifying nursing school. Those accepted by the program are eligible to have 85% of their outstanding loan balances forgiven over a two-year commitment.

•  The National Health Service Corps Loan Repayment Program provides loan forgiveness to qualifying nurses who commit to working for two years in clinical practice at a National Health Service Corps site.

Repaying Student Loans after Nursing School

If you borrowed federal or private student loans to help you pay for nursing school, developing a repayment strategy can be valuable. Not only will it set you on a path to repaying your debt, it can teach you valuable budgeting skills as well.

If you don’t qualify for any of the available loan forgiveness options, federal student loans come with a few different student loan repayment plans so you can find the option that works best for your budget.

If you relied on private student loans to help you pay for your tuition at nursing school, you may want to review your repayment terms. Each lender will determine their own terms and conditions for the loans they lend.

As you develop a game plan to help you repay your student loans, one option to consider is student loan refinancing.

When you refinance student loans, you take out a new loan with new terms. This loan can then be used to repay your existing loans. If you borrowed multiple loans, that means you could have the option to consolidate them into one single monthly payment — potentially with a lower interest rate.

However, it’s important to keep in mind a couple of factors:

•  You may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with a longer term.

•  If you are considering refinancing federal student loans, know that they come with an array of benefits and protections that are forfeited if you refinance.

To see how refinancing could impact your student loan, you can take a look at this student loan refinancing calculator.

The Takeaway

Nursing can be a challenging but rewarding profession, and the average nurse salary of $93,600 could provide a well-paying career. There are different kinds of nursing degrees and positions, so it’s wise to do your research to understand what each one requires and which might best suit your needs. Also, financing your education as a nurse can also need research to understand the obligation and how you might fund it.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

Which U.S. state pays nurses the most?

The state that pays nurses the most is the state of Washington, where LPNs make an average of $79,970 a year. California isn’t far behind with an annual LPN salary of $79,090. Keep in mind that salaries for LPNs are at the lower end of the nursing salary spectrum. An RN in Washington state makes an average of $99,519 a year by comparison.

What type of nurse makes $100,000 a year?

A nurse practitioner (NP) can make well over $100,000 a year. For example, in 2024, the average NP made $137,000 annually. This type of nurse has an advanced degree, typically a master’s of science in nursing. These professionals provide many of the same services as doctors, including performing medical procedures and prescribing medication.

Can an RN make $200,000 a year?

Yes, it’s possible for an RN to make $200,000 a year, especially if they work in high-demand positions such as certified nurse anesthetists or travel nursing, or hold an administrative or leadership position.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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