Preparing for Retirement Archives | Page 14 of 28

Nov

2023

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Understanding IRA Rollover Rules: A Comprehensive Guide

By Pam O’Brien | Growing Wealth, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | No Comments

If you’re leaving your job, there are numerous things you must attend to before you clock out for the last time. One task that’s extremely important is figuring out what to do with the retirement account you have set up through the company you’re leaving.

Once you separate from your employer, you will have a few options to choose from when deciding what to do with your retirement savings, including doing an IRA rollover.

Read on to learn more about IRA rollovers and the IRA rollover rules.

What is an IRA Rollover?

An IRA rollover is the movement of funds from a qualified plan, like a 401(k) or 403(b), to an IRA. This scenario could come up when changing jobs or when switching accounts for reasons such as wanting lower fees and more investment options.
There are several factors to be aware of regarding what an IRA rollover is and how it works.

People generally roll their funds over so that their retirement money doesn’t lose its tax-deferred status. But, let’s say you leave your job and want to withdraw the money from your 401(k) so you can use it to pay some bills. In this case, you’d be taxed on the money and also receive a penalty for withdrawing funds before age 59 ½.

However, if you roll your money over instead of withdrawing it, you don’t have to pay taxes or penalties for an early withdrawal. Plus, you can keep saving for retirement.

When you roll funds over to a new IRA, you should follow IRA rollover rules that can help ensure you do everything legally, don’t have to pay taxes, and don’t pay penalties for any mistakes.

The Difference Between Direct and Indirect Rollovers

You can choose between two types of rollovers and it’s important to know the differences between each.

Direct Rollovers

First, you may choose a direct rollover, which is the moving of funds directly from a qualified retirement plan to your IRA, without ever touching the money. Your original company may move these funds electronically or by sending a check to your IRA provider. With a direct rollover you don’t have to pay taxes or early distribution penalties since your funds move directly from one tax-sheltered account to another.

Indirect Rollovers

The second option is an indirect rollover. In this case, you withdraw money from your original retirement account by requesting a check made out to your name, then deposit it into your new IRA later.

Some people choose an indirect rollover because they need the money to accomplish short-term plans, or they haven’t decided what they want to do with the money upon leaving their job. Other times, it’s because they simply don’t know their options.

Differences

Many people prefer a direct rollover to an indirect rollover, because the process is simpler and more efficient. With a direct rollover, you aren’t taxed on the money. With an indirect rollover, you are taxed, and if you’re under 59 ½ years old, you have to pay a 10% withdrawal penalty, unless you follow specific IRA rollover rules. You should consult with a tax professional to understand the implications of an indirect rollover prior to making this election.

Keep in mind that a transfer is different from a rollover: A transfer is the movement of money between the same types of accounts, while a rollover is the movement of money from two different kinds of accounts, like a qualified plan into a traditional IRA.

The IRA One-Rollover-Per-Year Rule

You can only do an IRA-to-IRA rollover once every 12 months, although there are some exceptions. You’ll want to familiarize yourself with this information to follow the IRA rollover rules.

If you’re rolling funds over from an IRA, you can only complete a rollover once every 12 months. There are exceptions, such as trustee-to-trustee transfers and rollovers from a traditional IRA to a Roth IRA, which are commonly referred to as conversions.

And, most notably, the one-year rule does not apply to IRA rollovers from an employer-sponsored retirement plan like a 401(k).

The Crucial 60-Day Rollover Rule

If you choose to do an indirect IRA rollover, you have 60 days to deposit the funds into a rollover IRA account, along with the amount your employer withheld in taxes. That’s because IRS rules require you to make up the taxes that were withheld with outside funds. Otherwise, you will be taxed on the withholding as income.

If you deposit the full amount — the amount you received plus the withheld taxes — you will report a tax credit of the withheld amount. The withholding will not be returned to you, but rather settled up when you file that year’s taxes.

What You Can and Cannot Roll Over: Limitations and Eligibility

There are some rules about the types of assets you can roll over into an IRA.

Types of Distributions Eligible for Rollover

You can roll over almost any type of distribution from your IRA, with a few exceptions (see more information on that below). However, there is one key point to keep in mind.

The same-property rule says that when you withdraw assets from your retirement account, you must deposit those exact same assets into your IRA.

For example, if you take out $10,000, then $10,000 must go into your IRA, even if some of the original withdrawal was withheld for taxes. If you withdraw stocks, those same stocks must go into the new IRA, even if their value has changed.

This means that when you withdraw money, you can’t use the cash to invest, then put the money you earn from those investments into the IRA. That money would be considered regular income, so you’d be taxed on it.
If you break this rule, not only will you have to pay taxes, but you may also be required to pay a penalty.

Exemptions and Restrictions on Rollover Eligibility

You cannot roll over your annual required minimum distributions (RMDs), which you must take annually when you turn 73.

Also, you cannot roll over loans that were taken as distributions or hardship distributions from your retirement account.

IRA Rollovers and Taxes

Taxes will not be withheld if you do a direct rollover of your retirement account to an IRA or another retirement account.

However, if an IRA distribution is made to you, it’s typically subject to 20% withholding.

Compatibility Rules When Rolling Funds to an IRA

Unfortunately, you don’t always have the ability to transfer funds directly from one type of retirement account to another. You can roll over from certain types to others, but not every kind of account is compatible with every other account. For example: You can roll funds from a Roth 401(k) into a Roth IRA, but not into a traditional IRA; and you can roll funds from a traditional IRA into a SIMPLE IRA, but only after two years.

Rules Specific to 401(k), 403(b), and Other Employer-Sponsored Plans

If you have a Roth 401(k) or 403(b), you can roll the money in those accounts into a Roth IRA without paying taxes. However, if you have a traditional 401(k) or 403(b), you can still roll over the funds, but it will be considered a Roth conversion. In this case, you’ll need to pay income taxes on the money.

When in doubt, check the rules at irs.gov, and consult a tax advisor to confirm you’re making the right moves.

Your Rollover IRA: How to Optimize and Manage It

If you don’t already have an IRA provider, choose the one you want to use to open your new IRA. You can look for a provider that gives you the kind of investment options and resources you want while keeping the fees low to help you save as much as possible for retirement.

An online broker might be right for you if you plan to manage your investments yourself. Another option is a robo-advisor, which can provide help managing your money for lower fees than a human advisor would. But then again you might feel most comfortable with a person helping to manage your account. Ultimately, the choice of a provider is up to you and what’s best for your needs and situation.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

SOIN1023147

Nov

2023

The Investor’s Guide to Navigating 401(k) Fees

By Pam O’Brien | Budgeting & Goals, invest, Preparing for Retirement | No Comments

Approximately 60 million Americans have 401(k) plans through their employer. But many of them aren’t aware of the fees these plans charge. In fact, the majority of investors have no idea how much they’re paying in 401(k) fees, according to a 2022 survey.

Learning about these fees is important because 401(k) fees can add up to tens of thousands of dollars over time and cut into your retirement savings. That’s why you’ll want to find out what these fees consist of and how much they are.

Read on to learn more about 401(k) fees and the steps you may be able to take to help reduce them.

Understanding the Basics of 401(k) Fees

401(k) fees are charged by the provider of your 401(k) plan and the investment funds within the plan. There are three main types of 401(k) fees: investment fees, administrative fees, and service fees. Here’s what these fees cover.

Investment fees: Sometimes also referred to as the expense ratio, investment fees cover an investment’s operating and management costs. These fees are deducted from the investment’s performance and are generally expressed as a percentage.

Administrative fees: These are used to cover the management of your account, including record keeping, accounting, and customer service, among other things. They may be a flat fee or a percentage of the account’s total balance.

Service fees: These fees cover additional services related to your 401(k), such as taking out a 401(k) loan or using financial advisory services. You are only charged these fees if you use the services.

The Impact of Fees on Your Retirement Savings

According to the Investment Company Institute, the average 401(k) participant is in a plan with fees of 0.55%. That means the fees on the average 401(k) account balance of $141,542 would be approximately $778 a year. Over 20 years, that would add up to $15,560 in fees. Over 30 years, fees would total $23,340.

As you can see, this could significantly reduce your retirement savings. And, of course, the greater your account balance, the more fees you would pay.

The types of investments you make will also affect the fees you pay. For instance investments that are actively traded tend to have higher fees, while those that are passively traded typically have lower fees.

How to Interpret Fees on Your 401(k) Statement

Fees are included in your 401(k) statement or prospectus, as required by the U.S. Department of Labor. They may be listed as “Total Asset Based Fees,” “Total Operating Expenses,” or “Expense Ratios.”

Fees should be listed for each investment in your plan. For instance, if a fund had 1.25% of Total Operating Expenses, that means 1.25% of the fund’s assets are used to cover the fund’s operating expenses. So for every $1,000 invested in that fund, the operating expense fees are $12.50.

💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

How Your 401(k) Fees Stack Up

Once you find the fees in your 401(k) plan, you can determine how they compare to standard 401(k) fees. Here’s a look at what 401(k) fees generally are.

What Are Typical 401(k) Fees?

401(k) fees are based on such factors as the size of the plan, the number of employees in the plan, and the provider offering the plan. These fees can run anywhere from 0.5% to 2%. As mentioned earlier, the average 401(k) participant’s plan fees are approximately 0.55%.

The Significance of Expense Ratios and Industry Averages

You may hear the term “expense ratio” and wonder what it is. An expense ratio is how much you’ll pay over the course of a year to own a particular investment fund such as a mutual fund or an exchange-traded fund (ETF). This fee typically covers the cost of operating and managing the fund. In 2022, the average expense ratio for actively managed mutual funds was 0.66%.

Practical Ways to Minimize 401(k) Fees

While you can’t avoid 401(k) fees, there are some actions you can take to reduce their impact on your retirement savings.

Identifying and Reducing Excess Fees

The fee charged by the plan’s provider is a set fee, however, you may be able to lower the investment fees you pay. To do that, review the expense ratios for the different investment funds in the plan. Then, if it makes sense with your overall investment strategy, pick funds within the plan that have lower expense ratios and avoid funds with higher fees.

In addition, if you think the 401(k) fees charged by your plan are too high in general, speak to your human resources department and ask if they would consider switching to another 401(k) plan with lower fees. This may not be possible, but it doesn’t hurt to ask.

Addressing Hidden Fees in Your 401(k)

The fees in your 401(k) aren’t technically hidden. But they do go by names you may not be familiar with. Here’s how to spot them.

Tools for Uncovering Hidden Fees

The best way to find the fees in your 401(k) is to carefully read through your plan’s prospectus. You now know to look for investment fees or expense ratios, administration fees, and service fees. In addition, look for “12-b1” fees. You may find them fees listed under marketing and distribution. These fees are for the agent or broker who sold the 401(k) plan to your employer. 12-b1 fees are capped at 0.75% of a fund’s assets annually.

Understanding Revenue Sharing and Its Implications

Revenue sharing means adding non-investment fees to a fund’s operating expenses. A 12-b1 fee is one example of this. Revenue sharing fees typically pay for things like record keeping.

Not every 401(k) plan uses revenue sharing, and not all investment funds use them either. Revenue sharing tends to be more likely for actively managed funds rather than passively managed funds like index funds.

That means if you have more actively managed funds, you could be paying more than a colleague who has index funds.

💡 Quick Tip: Want to lower your taxable income? Start saving for retirement with a traditional IRA. The money you save each year is tax deductible (and you don’t owe any taxes until you withdraw the funds, usually in retirement).

How Fees Affect Your Retirement Savings Over the Long-Term

401(k) fees can add up over the years, substantially reducing your retirement savings. And one percentage point in the amount of fees you pay can make a big difference.

Case Studies: The Cumulative Effect of Fees Over Time

Let’s say two individuals work for different companies with different 401(k) plans. Person A has a 401(k) that charges 0.50% in fees, and Person B has a plan that charges 1% in fees. If they each invest $100,000 over 20 years with a 4% annual return, 401(k) fees would reduce the value of Person A’s retirement savings by $10,000, while Person B’s retirement savings would be reduced by almost $30,000.

Proactive Measures to Safeguard Your Retirement Funds

In order to minimize the impact of fees on your retirement savings, find out what fees your 401(k) charges. Also, look at the expense ratios for each fund in the plan and choose funds with lower expenses if you can.

In addition, if you leave your job and move to a new employer, you may pay additional 401(k) fees if you keep your old plan with your former employer. And if you’ve changed jobs multiple times and left your 401(k)s with your former employers, then you could be paying 401(k) fees on multiple accounts.

Fortunately, there are steps you can take to avoid these 401(k) fees. You aren’t required to keep your account with your former employer, and you won’t be forced to liquidate it. Instead you could roll over your 401k into your new 401k plan with your new employer, or roll it over into an IRA managed by you.

The benefit of setting up a separate account is that the next time you change jobs, you will automatically have somewhere to rollover your 401(k). With your money in one place, you can more easily see whether you are on track to reach your retirement goals.

The Takeaway

401(k) fees could potentially cost you tens of thousands of dollars or more and substantially reduce your retirement savings. If you have a 401(k), it’s important to learn about the fees charged by your plan. Read over your statements and the plan’s prospectus to find out what and how much these fees are. If possible, choose investment fund options with lower fees to help save money.

And when you leave a job, rather than letting the 401(k) sit with your former employer, consider rolling it over to your new employer’s 401(k) or into a traditional or Roth IRA. One advantage of an IRA is that you will likely have more investment options to choose from and more control of your retirement funds.

Invest with as little as $5 with a SoFi Active Investing account.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

SOIN1023138

Nov

2023

IRA Withdrawal Rules: All You Need to Know

Guide to IRA Withdrawal Rules

By Sheryl Nance-Nash | invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off

The purpose of Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) is to allow you to save for your golden years, so there are strict IRA withdrawal rules meant to make it harder to access that money for other reasons.

Ideally you sock away money consistently and your investment grows over time. You also get the benefit of tax breaks. But it’s important to keep the IRA rules for withdrawals in mind to make the most of your accounts.

Key Points

• Traditional and Roth IRAs have specific withdrawal rules and penalties to protect retirement savings.

• Roth IRA withdrawal rules include the five-year rule for penalty-free withdrawals, and required minimum distributions for inherited IRAs.

• Traditional IRA withdrawals before age 59 ½ incur regular income taxes and a 10% penalty.

• There are exceptions to the penalty, such as using funds for medical expenses, health insurance, disability, education, and first-time home purchases.

• Many experts recommend that early IRA withdrawals should be a last resort due to the potential impact on retirement savings and tax implications.

Roth IRA Withdrawal Rules

When can you withdraw from a Roth IRA? The rules for IRA withdrawals are different for Roth IRAs and traditional IRAs. For instance, qualified withdrawals from a Roth IRA are tax free, since you make contributions with after-tax funds. And there are some other rules about Roth IRAs to keep in mind as well.

The Five-year Rule

If you have a Roth IRA, you may face a Roth IRA withdrawal penalty if you withdraw funds you deposited less than five years ago. This is known as the “five-year rule“. These Roth IRA withdrawal rules also apply to the funds in a Roth rolled over from a traditional IRA. In those cases, if you make a withdrawal from a Roth IRA account that you’ve owned for less than five years, you’ll owe a 10% tax penalty on the account’s gains.

For inherited Roth IRAs, the five-year rule applies to the age of the account, so if your benefactor opened the account more than five years ago, you can access the funds penalty-free. If you tap into the money before that, you’ll owe taxes on the gains.

Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs) on Inherited Roth IRAs

If you’re wondering about Roth IRA distribution rules, in most cases, you do not have to pay required minimum distributions on money in a Roth IRA account. However, for inherited Roths, IRA withdrawal rules mandate that you take required minimum distributions.

There are two ways to do that without penalty:

• Withdraw funds by December 31 of the fifth year after the original holder died. You can do this in either partial distributions or a lump sum. If the account is not emptied by that date, you could owe a 50% penalty on whatever is left.

• Take withdrawals each year, based on your life expectancy.

💡 Quick Tip: Did you know that you must choose the investments in your IRA? Once you open a new IRA and start saving, you get to decide which mutual funds, ETFs, or other investments you want — it’s totally up to you.

Traditional IRA Withdrawal Rules

If you take funds out of a traditional IRA before you turn 59 ½, you’ll owe regular income taxes on the contributions and the gains, per IRA tax deduction rules, plus a 10% penalty. Brian Walsh, CFP® at SoFi specifies, “When you make contributions to a traditional retirement account, that money is going to grow without paying any taxes. But when you take that money out—say 30 or 40 years from now—you’re going to pay taxes on all of the money you take out.”

RMDs on a Traditional IRA

The rules for withdrawing from an IRA mean that required minimum distributions kick in the year you turn 73. After that, you have to take distributions each year, based on your life expectancy. If you don’t take the RMD, you’ll owe a 50% penalty on the amount that you did not withdraw.

When Can You Withdraw from an IRA Without Penalties?

You can make withdrawals from an IRA once you reach age 59 ½ without penalties.

In addition, there are other situations in which you may be able to make withdrawals without having to pay a penalty. These include having medical expenses that aren’t covered by health insurance (as long as you meet certain qualifications), having a permanent disability that means you can no longer work, and paying for qualified education expenses for a child, spouse, or yourself.

Read more about these and other penalty-free exceptions below.

9 Exceptions to the 10% Early-Withdrawal Penalty on IRAs

Whether you’re withdrawing from a Roth within the first five years or you want to take money out of a traditional IRA before you turn 59 ½, there are some instances where you don’t have to pay the 10% penalty on your IRA withdrawals.

1. Medical Expenses

You can avoid the early withdrawal penalty if you use the funds to pay for unreimbursed medical expenses that total more than 7.5% of your adjusted gross income (AGI).

2. Health Insurance

If you’re unemployed for at least 12 weeks, IRA withdrawal rules allow you to use funds from an IRA penalty-free to pay health insurance premiums for yourself, your spouse, or your dependents.

3. Disability

If you’re permanently disabled and can no longer work, you can withdraw IRA funds without penalty. In this case, your plan administrator may require you to provide proof of the disability before signing off on a penalty-free withdrawal.

4. Higher Education

IRA withdrawal rules allow you to use IRA funds to pay for qualified education expenses, such as tuition and books for yourself, your spouse, or your child without penalty.

5. Inherited IRAs

IRA withdrawal rules state that you don’t have to pay the 10% penalty on withdrawals from an IRA, unless you’re the sole beneficiary of a spouse’s account and roll it into your own, non-inherited IRA. In that case, the IRS treats the IRA as if it were yours from the start, meaning that early withdrawal penalties apply.

6. IRS Levy

If you owe taxes to the IRS, the agency may take it directly out of your IRA account. In that case, the IRS will not assess the 10% penalty. If you take the money out of the account yourself, however, to pay taxes, you’d also have to pay the 10% penalty.

7. Active Duty

If you’re a qualified reservist, you can take distributions without owing the 10% penalty. This goes for a military reservist or National Guard member called to active duty for at least 180 days after September 11, 2001.

8. Buying a House

While you can’t take out IRA loans, you can use up to $10,000 from your traditional IRA toward the purchase of your first home — and if you’re purchasing with a spouse, that goes for each of you. The IRS defines first-time homebuyers as someone who hasn’t owned a principal residence in the last two years. You can also withdraw money to help with a first home purchase for a child or your spouse’s child, grandchild, or parent.

In order to qualify for the penalty-free withdrawals, you’ll need to use the money within 120 days of the distribution.

9. Substantially Equal Periodic Payments

Another way to avoid penalties under IRA withdrawal rules, is by starting a series of distributions from your IRA, spread equally over your life expectancy. To make this work, you must take at least one distribution each year and you can’t alter the distribution schedule until five years have passed or you’ve reached age 59 ½, whichever is later.

The amount of the distributions must use an IRS-approved calculation that involves your life expectancy, your account balance, and interest rates.

💡 Quick Tip: Before opening an investment account, know your investment objectives, time horizon, and risk tolerance. These fundamentals will help keep your strategy on track and with the aim of meeting your goals.

Is Early IRA Withdrawal Worth It?

While there may be cases where it makes sense to take an early withdrawal, most advisors agree that it should be a last resort. These are disadvantages and advantages to consider.

Pros of IRA Early Withdrawal

• If you have a major expense and there are no other options, taking an early withdrawal from an IRA could help you cover the cost.

• An early withdrawal may help you avoid taking out a loan you would then have to repay with interest.

Cons of IRA Early Withdrawal

• By taking money out of an IRA account early, you’re robbing your own nest egg not only of the current value of the money but also future years of compound growth.

• Money taken out of a retirement account now can have a big impact on your financial security in the future when you retire.

• You may owe taxes and penalties, depending on the specific situation.

Opening an IRA With SoFi

Like 401(k)s, IRAs are powerful, tax-advantaged accounts you can use to save for retirement. However, it is possible to take money out of an IRA if you need it before retirement age. Just remember, even if you’re able to do so without an immediate tax penalty, the withdrawals could leave you with less money for retirement later.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Easily manage your retirement savings with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Can you withdraw money from a Roth IRA without penalty?

You can withdraw your own contributions to a Roth IRA without penalty no matter what your age. However, you cannot withdraw the earnings on your contributions before age 59 ½, or before the account has been open for at least five years, without incurring a penalty.

What are the rules for withdrawing from a Roth IRA?

You can withdraw your own contributions to a Roth IRA at any time penalty-free. But to avoid taxes and penalties on your earnings, withdrawals from a Roth IRA must be taken after age 59 ½ and once the account has been open for at least five years.

However, there are a number of exceptions in which you typically don’t have to pay a penalty for an early withdrawal, including: some medical expenses that aren’t covered by health insurance, being permanently disabled and unable to work, or if you’re on qualified active military duty.

What are the 5 year rules for Roth IRA withdrawal?

Under the 5-year rule, if you make a withdrawal from a Roth IRA that’s been open for less than five years, you’ll owe a 10% penalty on the account’s earnings. If your Roth IRA was inherited, the 5-year rule applies to the age of the account. So if you inherited the Roth IRA from a parent, for instance, and they opened the account more than five years ago, you can withdraw the funds penalty-free. If the account has been opened for less than five years, however, you’ll owe taxes on the gains.

Photo credit: iStock/Fly View Productions

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Invest®
INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE
SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

SOIN0723096

Nov

2023

What Is Retirement? What Does It Really Mean?

By Rebecca Lake | invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off

There once was a time was when retirement meant leaving your job permanently, either when you reached a certain age or you’d accumulated enough wealth to live without working. Today’s retirement definition is changing, and it can vary widely depending on your vision and your individual financial situation.

It’s important for each person to develop their own retirement definition. That can help you establish a roadmap for getting from point A to point B, with the money you have, and in the time frame you’re expecting.

Key Points

• Retirement’s definition may vary based on individual financial situations and personal visions.

• Retirement has both financial and lifestyle aspects that need to be considered in its definition.

• Being retired means relying on savings, investments, and perhaps federal benefits for income instead of a regular paycheck.

• Retirement doesn’t necessarily mean individuals completely leave the labor force, as some retirees may have part-time jobs or pursue new careers.

• Retirement statistics show that a significant portion of retirees rely on Social Security, and savings levels vary among individuals.

Retirement Definition

Retirement’s meaning may shift from person to person, but the bottom line is that retirement has a financial side and a personal or lifestyle side. It’s important to consider both in your definition of retirement.

Retirement and Your Finances

Being retired or living in retirement generally means that you rely on your accumulated savings and investments to cover your expenses rather than counting on a paycheck or salary from employment. Depending upon your retirement age, your income may also include federal retirement benefits, such as Social Security and other options.

Retiring doesn’t necessarily mean you stop working completely. You might have a part-time job or side hustle. You may choose to start a small business once you retire from your career. But the majority of your income may still come from savings or federal benefits.

Retirement and Your Lifestyle

Some people embark on a new life or a new career in retirement, complete with new goals, a new focus, sometimes in a brand-new location. But retirement doesn’t have to be a period of reinvention. It depends on how you view the purpose and meaning of retirement. Many people enjoy this period as a time to slow down and enjoy hobbies or priorities that they couldn’t focus on before.

Consider the notion of moving in retirement. While strolling on sandy, sunlit beaches is depicted as a retirement ideal, many people don’t want to move to get there. In fact, 53% of retirees opt to remain in the house where they were already living, according to a 2022 study by the Center for Retirement Research.

Qualified Retirement Plan Definition

A qualified retirement plan provides you with money to pay for future expenses once you decide to retire from your job. The Employment Retirement Security Act (ERISA) recognizes two types of retirement plans:

Defined Contribution Plans

In a defined contribution plan, the amount of money you’re able to withdraw in retirement is determined by how much you contribute during your working years, and how much that money grows as it’s invested. A 401(k) plan is the most common type of defined contribution plan that employers can offer to employees.

There are other kinds of retirement plans that fall under the defined contribution umbrella. For example, if you run a small business, you might establish a Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) plan for yourself and your employees. Profit sharing plans, stock bonus plans, and employee stock ownership (ESOP) plans are also defined contribution plans.

A 457 plan is another defined contribution option. They work similar to 401(k) plans, in that you decide how much to contribute, and your employer can make matching contributions. The main difference between 457 and 401(k) retirement accounts is who they’re designed for. Private employers can offer 401(k) plans, while 457 plans are reserved for state and local government employees.

Defined Benefit Plans

A defined benefit plan (typically a pension) pays you a fixed amount in retirement that’s determined by your years of service, your retirement age, and your highest earning years. Cash balance plans are another type of defined benefit plan.

Generally speaking, defined benefit plans have been on the wane in the last couple of decades, with more of the responsibility for saving falling to workers, who must contribute to defined contribution plans.

Retirement Statistics

Retirement statistics can offer some insight into how Americans typically save for the future and when they retire. Here are some key retirement facts and figures to know, according to the Federal Reserve’s Report on the Economic Well-Being of U.S. Households in 2021 – May 2022:

• 27% of adults considered themselves to be retired in 2021, though some were still working in some capacity.

• 49% of adults said they retired to do something else, while 45% said they’d reached their normal retirement age.

• 78% of retirees relied on Social Security for income, increasing to 92% among retirees age 65 or older.

• 55% of non-retired adults had savings in a defined contribution plan, while just 22% had a defined benefit plan.

• 40% of non-retirees felt that they were on track with their retirement savings efforts.

So, how much does the typical household have saved for retirement? According to the Transamerica Center for Retirement Studies, the estimated median retirement savings among American workers is $54,000. Just 27% of adults who are traditionally employed and 24% of self-employed individuals have saved $250,000 or more for retirement.

Saving for Retirement

Saving for retirement is an important financial goal. While Social Security may provide you with some income, it’s not likely to be enough to cover all of your expenses in retirement — particularly if you end up needing extensive medical care or long-term care. In 2022, according to the Social Security Administration, the average monthly benefit amount was $1,542.22.

Financial experts often recommend saving 15% of your income for retirement but your personal savings target may be higher or lower, depending on your goals. The longer you have to save for retirement, the longer you have to take advantage of compounding interest. That’s the interest you earn on your interest and it’s one of the keys to building wealth.

Selecting a retirement plan is the first step to getting on track with your financial goals. When saving for retirement, you can start with a defined benefit or defined contribution plan if your employer offers either one. Defined contribution plans can be advantageous because your employer may match a percentage of what you save. That’s free money you can use for retirement.

If you don’t have a 401(k) or a similar plan at work, or you do but you want to supplement your retirement savings, you could open a retirement investment account, otherwise known as an individual retirement account (IRA).

Is your retirement piggy bank feeling light?

Start saving today with a Roth or Traditional IRA.

Retirement Investment Accounts

A retirement investment account is an account that enables you to save money for the future, but it isn’t considered a federally qualified retirement plan, like a 401(k). IRAs are tax-advantaged investment accounts that you can use to purchase mutual funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and other securities.

There are two main types of IRAs you can open: traditional and Roth IRAs. A traditional IRA allows for tax-deductible contributions in the year that you make them. Once you retire and begin withdrawing money, those withdrawals are taxed at your ordinary income tax rate.

Roth IRAs don’t offer a deduction for contributions because you contribute after-tax dollars. You can, however, make 100% tax-free qualified withdrawals in retirement. This might be preferable if you think you’ll be in a higher tax bracket once you retire.

Both traditional and Roth IRAs are subject to annual contribution limits. The annual limit for 2022 is $6,000, or $7,000 if you’re 50 or older (the extra amount is often called a catch-up provision). There’s an increase for 2023 to $6,500 for the base amount; the catch-up provision is still $1,000 more, for a total of $7,500.

You can open an IRA online, or at a brokerage, alongside a taxable investment account for a comprehensive retirement savings picture.

Pros of Retirement Investment Accounts

Opening an IRA could make sense if you’d like to save for retirement while enjoying certain tax benefits.

• If you’re in a higher income bracket during your working years, being able to deduct traditional IRA contributions could reduce your tax liability.

• And not having to pay tax on Roth IRA withdrawals in retirement can ease your tax burden as well if you have income from other sources.

• IRA accounts often give you more flexibility in terms of your investment choices.

Cons of Retirement Investment Accounts

While IRAs can be good savings vehicles for retirement, there are some downsides.

• Both types of accounts have much lower contribution limits compared to a 401(k) or 457 plan. For example, the maximum you can contribute to a 401(k) in 2022 is $20,500, with an additional $6,500 catch-up provision. For 2023, you can contribute $22,500 per year, plus an additional $7,500 if you’re 50 and up.

• With traditional IRAs, you must begin taking required distributions (RMDs) based on your account balance and life expectancy starting at age 72 (401(k)s have a similar rule). If you fail to do so, you could incur a hefty tax penalty.

• Roth IRAs don’t have RMDs, but your ability to contribute to a Roth may be limited based on your income and tax filing status.

Investing for Retirement With SoFi

However you choose to define your retirement, making a financial roadmap will help you get the retirement you want.

SoFi Invest offers traditional and Roth investment accounts to help you build the future you envision. You can also open a SEP IRA if you’re self-employed and want to get a jump on retirement savings. Another way to keep track your retirement savings is to roll over your old accounts to a rollover IRA, so you can manage your money in one place.

SoFi makes the rollover process seamless and straightforward. There are no rollover fees, and you can complete your 401(k) rollover without a lot of time or hassle.

Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

What is the meaning of retirement?

Retirement generally means leaving your job or the workforce, and living off your savings and investments, but that definition is changing for some. Some people may choose to continue working in retirement, though it may not be their primary source of income. Others may shift their work to focus more on lifestyle changes.

How common is retirement?

According to the Federal Reserve, about 27% of adults considered themselves to be retired in 2021, though some were still working in some capacity. Of these, 49% said they had retired to do something else, while 45% said they’d reached their normal retirement age.

How does retirement work?

When someone retires, they stop working at their job. Or, in the case of a business owner, they hand the business over to someone else. At that point, it’s up to them to decide how they want to spend their retirement, which might include taking care of family, traveling, working part-time, or exploring new hobbies. Their sources of income might include savings, investments, a pension, and Social Security benefits.

Photo credit: iStock/Alessandro Biascioli

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SOIN0722010

Nov

2023

Average Retirement Savings By Age

By Laurel Tincher | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off

The average American has less than $90,000 in retirement savings, as of mid-2023. That’s far below what many people will likely need, and many Americans aren’t really sure what sorts of goalposts or milestones they should be striving for by certain ages when it comes to saving for retirement.

It can be helpful to see how one compares to others in their age range. Averages can help investors see if they are on track to retire when they plan to. While each person is different in terms of their personal retirement goals, lifestyle, ability to save, and projected expenses, setting goals and benchmarks can help an individual figure out how much to save and where to put money for retirement.

Key Points

• The average American has less than $90,000 in retirement savings, which is less than what many people will likely need.

• Retirement savings vary by age group, with average savings increasing as people get older.

• By age 30, it’s generally recommended to save an amount equal to annual salary, and by age 40, three to four times annual salary.

• By age 50, it’s advised to have six times annual salary saved, and by age 60, eight times.

• Most Americans aren’t saving enough for retirement, and it’s important to create a retirement plan and consider personal goals and financial responsibilities.

Average Retirement Savings By Age

Below is a breakdown of retirement savings by age group, ranging from people in their 20s to people in their 70s.

Age Group	Average Retirement Savings
20s	$35,800
30s	$67,400
40s	$77,400
50s	$110,900
60s	$112,500
70s	$113,900

Average Retirement Savings in Your 30s: $67,400

Most Americans in their 20s and 30s haven’t reached their peak earning years, and many might be paying off student loans, and saving up to buy a house or have kids. Retirement isn’t always top of mind. But the earlier people can figure out which retirement plan is right for you and commit to actually starting a retirement savings plan, the more they will benefit from compound interest over time.

Recommended: How to Save for Retirement at 30

Average Retirement Savings in Your 40s: $77,400

Since most people are making more money at this age than they ever have, it can be tempting to spend it on fancy vacations, cars, and other things. Many people also have mortgages, families, and other big-ticket expenses during this time in their lives as well.

But those who put that money towards retirement may be able to reach their goals early and retire relatively young.

For men, these are peak earning years, as they tend to continue increasing their earnings until age 55. Women tend to reach their peak earnings much younger at age 44. Either way, retirement savings should be top of mind for people in this age group.

Average Retirement Savings in Your 50s: $110,900

At this age, some Americans are on track to reach their retirement goals, while others are far off. There are still ways to catch up, such as cutting unnecessary expenses, moving to a smaller home, or putting any additional pay, income, or bonuses into retirement accounts.

Average Retirement Savings in Your 60s: $112,500

Although the goal for many is to retire at around 60, many Americans have to keep working since they don’t have enough savings. In some cases, people plan on working at this stage of life anyway, so it’s not a bad thing. A lot of people work during retirement, although some do so out of necessity.

Ideally, working in later years of life is a choice and not a necessity. After this age, people tend to be spending rather than saving, so the average retirement savings amounts decline.

Retirement contributions tend to increase as people age partly because they are earning more and partly because they are thinking about retirement more.

Ideal Retirement Savings Amounts by Age

Because the cost and standard of living varies so greatly, there aren’t clear dollar figure amounts that each age group should aim to have saved for retirement. But there are suggested guidelines.

• By age 30: It’s generally recommended that people save an amount equal to their annual salary by the time they reach age 30. That may not be a realistic goal for many people, but it can be a general guideline or goal to aspire to.

One way to achieve this is to save 10-15% of one’s gross income starting in their 20s. Some employers will match retirement contributions if employees save a certain amount each month, so it’s a good idea to contribute at least that much to take advantage of what is essentially free money.

• By age 40: It’s recommended that investors have three to four times their annual salary saved by age 40.

• By age 50: Investors are typically advised to have six times their salary saved by age 50.

• By age 60: It’s recommended that investors have eight times their salary saved by age 60.

• By age 67: Investors are typically advised to have ten times their salary saved by age 67. For example, if a 67 year old makes $75,000 per year, they should have $750,000 saved.

Is Anyone Saving Enough for Retirement?

Despite the above recommendations, most Americans don’t have nearly these amounts in their retirement accounts. A significant portion of Americans don’t have any retirement savings at all — and that includes Americans who are near retirement age.

So, while some people are saving enough for retirement, a lot of people aren’t. Social Security may not be enough for a lot of people to make ends meet, either.

Social Security and Your Retirement

It’s more important than ever to create a retirement plan and stick to it, because America is facing a retirement crisis. Social Security was designed to help people pay their expenses during retirement, but it currently pays less than half of the average retiree’s monthly expenses. As of mid-2023, the average Social Security payment is around $1,800 per month.

Best Ways to Save for Retirement

It can be stressful to feel behind on saving for retirement, but it’s never too late to start.

There are several ways to save for retirement — but a good place to start, if you haven’t already, is by creating a budget to track expenses. This allows you to see where your money is going and identify categories of spending that could be reduced, with the money redirected to a retirement savings account.

Some retirement plans also have catch up options for those who start late — typically, individuals older than 50 can contribute extra funds to their retirement accounts.

No matter how much you put aside for retirement, or whether you contribute to a traditional IRA or a Roth IRA, a 401(k) or an after-tax investment account, a good strategy is to automate savings. With automated savings, the money is deducted from your paycheck or your bank account automatically — making it easy to forget that the money was ever in the account in the first place.

The Takeaway

The average American has less than $90,000 in retirement savings, though the number varies depending on age groups and other factors. Knowing how much others in your age group are saving for retirement can help give you a sense of comparison, but it’s important to remember that most Americans aren’t saving enough.

There are a number of different formulas, calculations, and rules of thumb to help individuals figure out how much money they’ll need in retirement. While these figures can be helpful, it’s also important to take personal goals, financial responsibilities, and lifestyle into consideration.

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