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Navigating the cost of law school can be daunting, but scholarships offer a valuable way to reduce financial burdens and make your legal education more affordable. Whether you’re a prospective law student or currently enrolled, understanding the variety of scholarships available can help you secure funding for your studies.

Keep reading to learn the types of law school scholarships available, tips for finding law school scholarships, and strategies for crafting compelling applications to increase your chances of success.

The Average Cost of Law School

The average annual cost of tuition at a public, out-of-state law school in 2025 was $45,208 per year ($30,540 per year for in-state students). For private law schools, the average tuition in 2025 was $53,034 per year. And, according to Education Data Initiative, the average total cost of law school is $217,480.

Because students aren’t yet racking up those billable attorney hours, it can be helpful to research law school scholarship opportunities before applying to reduce the financial burden of law school.

Additional Costs Beyond Tuition (Books, Fees, Living Expenses)

As stated above, the average cost of law school is $217,480. This includes tuition, books, fees, and living expenses. Living expenses, including housing, transportation, and health insurance, will vary by location but often represent a large portion of a student’s total budget. Other expenses include:

•   Books: $1,000-$2,250 per year

•   Fees: $1,639-$1,790 per year

Together, these additional costs can make law school far more expensive than tuition alone suggests, so thorough financial planning is essential.

Recommended: Paying for College Without Financial Aid

Types of Law School Scholarships

Per the numbers mentioned above, there might be a fair amount of sticker shock for those who haven’t yet applied for graduate school and are only thinking of someday going the lawyer route. Fortunately, there are a range of options for aspiring attorneys seeking to fund law school.

Full-Ride Tuition Law School Scholarships

Some colleges may offer full-ride tuition scholarships and need-based grants for college. Full-rides, of course, are not available at all law schools. If a law school doesn’t explicitly advertise or highlight information regarding full-ride opportunities, interested students can contact the school to ask.

Students deciding whether to apply to law school may want to familiarize themselves with the language universities adopt to explain these scholarships. In some cases, specific scholarships are designated for particular students. Full-ride law school scholarships can be highly competitive — with some schools offering as few as two to four per enrollment year. One potential tip for the search for scholarships is to target law schools with more tuition help.

General Law School Scholarships

There are many options for law school hopefuls to find potential scholarships. These scholarships are often awarded by the school based on academic merit, LSAT performance, leadership experience, or a demonstrated commitment to the field.

In addition to school-sponsored awards, numerous organizations, foundations, and legal associations offer general scholarships for law students. These external scholarships may emphasize academic achievement, professional potential, or community involvement and are often open to applicants from various backgrounds and career interests.

And finally, don’t overlook smaller or less-publicized awards, which may go as unclaimed scholarships. These opportunities can provide meaningful financial support, and dedicating time to research them can give you an advantage in reducing your overall law school costs.

Law School Scholarships from Law Firms

Some law firms offer scholarships to law school students. Applying is typically a straightforward process, with many firms requiring a short essay, transcripts, and sometimes references to be considered. One such law firm scholarship is offered by the Dominguez Firm, which offers $2,500 and $5,000 annually to selected student applicants.

On top of this, there’s the rising trend of law firms helping new hires to repay a portion of their student debt once onboarded.

Diversity Law School Scholarships

Some scholarships are awarded to students with diverse backgrounds. One example of this is the Legal Opportunity Scholarship Fund offered by the American Bar Association. This $15,000 scholarship is awarded to law students from a racial or ethnically diverse background.

The USLaw Network Foundation also offers a $5,000 scholarship for up to 10 diverse students.

Law School Scholarships for Women

Some scholarships are offered to women attending law school. One resource is the American Association of University Women (AAUW) Fellowships and Grants, which offers scholarships to women in graduate studies, including law.

A specific scholarship for women is the Pearce Law Firm Empowering Women in Law Scholarship. This is a $1,500 scholarship awarded to female law students (or those accepted into J.D. programs) across the U.S. Recipients must submit a 700–1,000‑word essay explaining why more women should pursue law, their motivation to become a lawyer, and how they plan to make an impact.

Need-Based Law School Scholarships

Need-based law school scholarships are awarded to students whose financial circumstances make paying for law school particularly challenging. These scholarships consider factors such as family income, assets, employment history, and overall financial need rather than academic metrics alone. Many law schools use detailed financial aid applications to determine eligibility, while some external organizations also offer need-based awards to help reduce reliance on student loans.

Public Interest Law Scholarships

Public interest law scholarships support students committed to careers serving the public good, such as working in legal aid, nonprofit organizations, government agencies, or advocacy groups. These scholarships often emphasize a dedication to social justice and community impact, helping ease the financial burden of law school for those pursuing lower-paid but mission-driven legal roles.

One example is the Furman Public Policy Scholarship at NYU, which is a full-ride scholarship offered to someone with a commitment to public interest law.

Recommended: What Is a Graduate Fellowship? Tips for Applying

Finding Scholarships for Law School

Finding scholarships for law school starts with knowing where to look and which resources offer the most value. A strategic approach can help you uncover a mix of school-based, local, and national opportunities.

University Financial Aid Offices and Online Scholarship Databases

University financial aid offices and online scholarship databases are essential starting points for finding law school funding. Financial aid offices can guide you toward school-specific awards, FAFSA-related aid, and institutional grants, while reputable databases like LSAC, Fastweb, and AccessLex compile hundreds of external scholarships, making it easier to search by eligibility, interests, and financial need.

Local Bar Associations and Legal Organizations

Local bar associations, community foundations, and legal organizations frequently offer scholarships aimed at supporting aspiring attorneys within their region. These awards may prioritize students committed to public service, diversity in the legal field, or specific areas of law. Because they draw from smaller applicant pools, local scholarships can be more accessible.

Recommended: Applying to Graduate School: Smart Tips & Strategies

Negotiating Wiggle Room

Doing all this research and the math around law school scholarships could put applicants in a more informed position when evaluating which program to attend — and, potentially, help them to identify schools more likely to be interested in their application.

A reality of today’s admissions process for law school is negotiating scholarships. Some schools have a strict policy against negotiating, but others fully expect their initial offer to be countered. That’s why it can help to save acceptance letters and anything in writing from schools that offer admission.

Suggestions for Negotiating Law School Scholarship Offers

Offer letters could be shared with competing schools, asking if they’re able to match another university’s aid. It might be uncomfortable asking for more tuition assistance upfront, but a little discomfort now could help applicants shoulder less law school debt later on.

Doing research on law schools (and figuring out the likely cost of living expenses at each institution) could help applicants to determine which scores or grades to aim for in an effort to make law school more affordable for them. Tabulating expenses (and having records on hand) may also demonstrate to universities that the amounts being negotiated are based on well-documented expenses.

Timing Your Negotiation for Maximum Leverage

To maximize your chances of a successful negotiation, begin the conversation before the deposit deadline but early enough for financial aid offices to reassess your package. Reaching out during this window increases your chances of securing a higher scholarship while demonstrating professionalism and genuine interest in the school.

Recommended: Law School Loan Forgiveness and Repayment Options

Federal vs Private Loans for Law School

Students wanting to apply to law school should consider the differences between federal and private student loans. Federal loans come with certain benefits not guaranteed by private ones (such as forbearance or income-driven repayment), and should be used first before seeking private student loans.

Pros and Cons of Federal Student Loans for Law School

Federal student loans offer law students predictable interest rates, flexible repayment plans, and access to protections like income-driven repayment and Public Service Loan Forgiveness. While these benefits make them a reliable option, federal loans also come with borrowing limits, potentially higher interest rates than some private loans, and long-term costs that can add up over time.

Pros:

•   Fixed interest rates

•   Access to income-driven repayment plans

•   Eligibility for Public Service Loan Forgiveness

•   Deferment and forbearance options for financial hardship

Cons:

•   Potentially higher interest rates than qualified private loans

•   Borrowing limits may require supplemental financing

•   Interest accrues while in school for most loans

•   Longer repayment terms can increase total costs

When to Consider Private Student Loans

Private student loans may be worth considering when you’ve exhausted all federal financial aid options, including federal loans, grants, and work-study. They can help bridge funding gaps when federal loan limits fall short of covering the full cost of attendance, especially at higher-cost law programs.

Private lenders often offer competitive interest rates, which can make them appealing for students with strong credit or a creditworthy cosigner.

It’s important to note that private student loans don’t offer the same benefits and protections afforded to federal student loan borrowers, like Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF). If a law school applicant is interested eventually in becoming a public defender or pursuing non-profit legal work, forgiveness and forbearance perks may play a role in their decision.

The Takeaway

Students looking to offset law school costs with scholarships can look to their law school, scholarship databases, local law firms, and other organizations for resources. Consider contacting the financial aid office at your law school if you are looking for scholarship resources. If students interested in law school find themselves coming up short on funds for the JD after scholarships and federal aid, additional options may be available.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

What LSAT score will get me a scholarship?

One general rule of thumb is that students who have an LSAT score (and sometimes GPA) above the median for a certain school could qualify for a scholarship. Chances of qualifying are even greater if your score falls in the 75th percentile for the school.

What is a good scholarship for law school?

Any scholarship for law school is a good scholarship. Scholarships typically don’t need to be repaid and can help reduce a student’s debt burden. Students looking for law school scholarships can apply for institutional aid and aid through other sources like nonprofit organizations.

Do top law schools give scholarships?

While some top law schools do not offer scholarships, many law schools do offer law school scholarships to students. For example, in the 2024-2025 class at Yale, 67% of students qualified for some form of financial aid and 62% qualified for an institutional law school scholarship. Check directly with the schools you are interested in to see if they offer scholarships to students.

Can you negotiate a better law school scholarship offer?

Yes, you can often negotiate a better law school scholarship offer. Many schools allow applicants to present competing offers from other institutions to request additional funding. Success depends on factors like your LSAT score, GPA, and the school’s enrollment goals, but respectful, well-documented negotiations can lead to increased aid.

Are law school scholarships renewable each year?

Many law school scholarships are renewable each year, but they often come with conditions. Students typically must maintain a minimum GPA or class ranking to keep their award. Renewal policies vary by school, so it’s important to review requirements carefully to avoid losing funding after the first year.

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Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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SOISL-Q425-045

Scholarships are free money to help cover the cost of going to college, and they don’t need to be paid back like student loans. There are many scholarships and other forms of financial assistance that can help students with disabilities pay for college.

Below, we’ve outlined a list of disability scholarships, including their eligibility requirements and tips for applying.

What Is a Disability Scholarship?

A disability scholarship is a form of financial aid that’s intended specifically for students with a disability. Scholarships for students with disabilities may be used to cover the cost of support services in addition to tuition and room and board.

Scholarships and grants for college are a type of financial aid that you don’t need to pay back, making them a helpful resource to pay for college and school-related expenses.

Eligibility Requirements for Disability Scholarships

It’s important to review the eligibility requirements before applying for a scholarship or grant. Some scholarships may be open to all students with a documented disability, while others are reserved for applicants with certain types of physical, learning, or emotional disabilities.

Types of Disabilities Covered by Scholarships

Types of scholarships for students with disabilities cover a wide range of conditions, helping ensure that financial support is accessible to many learners with diverse needs. While some programs are broad and open to any documented disability, others are tailored to specific physical, cognitive, or sensory conditions.

Common disability categories include:

•   Physical disabilities (mobility impairments, chronic illnesses)

•   Visual impairments or blindness

•   Hearing impairments or deafness

•   Learning disabilities (such as dyslexia or ADHD)

•   Autism spectrum disorders

•   Mental health conditions

•   Intellectual and developmental disabilities

Recommended: Grants, Scholarships, and Loans: Differences

American Association on Health and Disability Scholarship

One notable scholarship for students with disabilities is the Frederick J. Krause Scholarship, which is funded by the American Association on Health and Disability. It provides multiple awards of $1,000 to students with a disability who are pursuing an undergraduate or graduate degree in a field related to disability and health.

To be eligible to apply, students must have completed at least one full year of college or be enrolled in a graduate degree program.

10 Scholarships for Students With Disabilities

In addition to the scholarship mentioned above, there are many other scholarships for students with disabilities to continue their education.

Scholarships can come from a variety of sources, including charitable foundations, nonprofit organizations, and private companies. Awards can be based on financial need, academic merit, or both.

There may be additional eligibility requirements, such as location or field of study. For instance, scholarships may be open to all levels of higher education or specific to students enrolled in undergraduate, graduate, or vocational programs.

Below is a list of 10 scholarships that are available exclusively to students with disabilities.

1. Microsoft Disability Scholarship

Scholarship amount: $5,000 in previous years; new amounts announced January 2026

Application deadline: October 1 in previous years; new deadlines announced January 2026

The Microsoft Disability Scholarship is awarded to current high school seniors with disabilities who plan to enroll in an accredited two- or four-year college or vocational/technical school in the U.S. Applicants must demonstrate leadership experience and a passion for technology, as well as be planning to pursue a degree in engineering, computer science, computer information systems, law, business, or a related field.

Recommended: Is a Computer Science Degree Worth It?

2. Anne Ford Scholarship

Scholarship amount: $10,000 ($2,500/year over four years)

Application deadline: April 20

The Anne Ford Scholarship, by the National Center for Learning Disabilities, gives a $10,000 award to a graduating high school senior with a documented learning disability. To be eligible, students must be planning to enroll in a full-time bachelor’s degree program.

3. Allegra Ford Thomas Scholarship

Scholarship amount: $5,000 ($2,500/year over two years)

Application deadline: April 21

The Allegra Ford Thomas Scholarship, also offered by the National Center for Learning Disabilities, awards one scholarship to a graduating high school senior who will enroll in a two-year community college, a vocational or technical training program, or a specialized program for students with disabilities. To apply, students must have a documented learning disability.

4. John Lepping Memorial Scholarship

Scholarship amount: Up to $5,000

Application deadline: May 1

The John Lepping Memorial Scholarship provides awards to support disabled youth in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania in attending college. Recipients must be able to provide proof of a physical or psychological disability with a letter of confirmation by a physician.

5. Musicians With Disabilities Scholarship

Scholarship amount: $1,500

Application deadline: March 13

Sigma Alpha Iota offers the Musicians With Disabilities Scholarship of $1,500 to a member of the international music fraternity with a qualifying disability. Applicants must be enrolled in an undergraduate or graduate degree program in music, or studying to become a teacher or therapist in this field.

6. American Council of the Blind’s Scholarship Program

Scholarship amount: Up to $7,500

Application deadline: February 14

The American Council of the Blind’s Scholarship Program provides educational scholarships between $2,000 and $7,500 for incoming freshman, undergraduate students, graduate students, and students attending technical college. To be eligible, applicants must be legally blind, maintain a 3.0 GPA or higher, and either study full-time or be a part-time student who works at least 32 hours per week.

7. Wells Fargo Stacey Milbern Scholarship

Scholarship amount: $1,250-$2,500

Application deadline: Not yet released

The Wells Fargo Stacey Milbern Scholarship provides awards to help students with disabilities pursue education at a two- or four-year college on a full-time or part-time basis. Scholarships are renewable, and full-time students are eligible for a $2,500 annual award, while part-time students are eligible for a $1,250 annual award.

Recommended: Ultimate College Application Checklist

8. Marion Huber Learning Through Listening Awards

Scholarship amount: $2,000-$6,000

Application deadline: December 31

The Marion Huber Learning Through Listening® Award grants multiple scholarships to high school seniors with a learning disability who are planning to study at a two- or four-year college or vocational school. Applicants must be an active Learning Ally member and graduating from a high school in the U.S. to be eligible.

9. Yellow Ribbon Scholarship

Scholarship amount: $5,000

Application deadline: April 30

The American Bus Association offers a Tony Orlando Yellow Ribbon Scholarship to undergraduate, graduate, and training school students who have a declared major or course of study relevant to transportation, travel, or tourism. Students with a physical or sensory disability, veterans, and children of a wounded military veteran are eligible to apply. Applicants must also have a cumulative GPA of 3.0 or higher.

10. Simmons and Fletcher, P.C., Students With Disabilities Scholarship

Scholarship amount: $500-$1,000

Application deadline: December 1

The Simmons and Fletcher, P.C., Students With Disabilities Scholarship is awarded to two students with disabilities based on an essay competition, with the winner receiving a $1,000 award and second place receiving a $500 award. To apply, students must be completing their first semester of college and continuing their studies.

Bonus Scholarship: SoFi’s Scholarship Sweepstakes

For a chance to win SoFi’s monthly $2,500 Scholarship Sweepstakes, simply let us know your name, email address, and school.

How to Apply for Disability Scholarships

Application requirements vary by scholarship opportunity, so it’s recommended to plan ahead. Taking note of submission deadlines can help prioritize which scholarships to apply for and ensure you stay on track for preparing and submitting materials.

Often, students have to write a personal statement or submit an essay as part of the application. It’s important to pay attention to the instructions, including prompts, word limits, and other criteria used to select scholarship recipients.

Submitting school transcripts and a letter of recommendation are two other common requirements. Think about who can best attest to your strengths and achievements when selecting a reference.

Keep in mind that some scholarships require that recipients submit documentation of their disability to accept the award.

Recommended: A Guide to Unclaimed Scholarships and Grants

Can I Apply for Scholarships for Disabled Students if I Have a Learning Disability?

Yes, if you have a learning disability, you can apply for scholarships for disabled students. Many scholarships are geared toward students with one or more disabilities, including physical and learning disabilities. For some scholarships, having a learning disability is an eligibility requirement.

Recommended: SoFi’s Scholarship Search Tool

The Takeaway

There are many scholarships that are specifically designated for students with disabilities. Scholarships and grants are a useful way for students with disabilities to pay for college and reduce student loan debt.

Many students use multiple funding sources, including federal student loans and private student loans, to help cover the cost of college.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

What types of scholarships are available for students with disabilities?

There are many scholarships for students with disabilities, including those based on specific disabilities, academic achievements, or financial need. Some scholarships are offered by disability advocacy organizations, while others are provided by colleges, nonprofits, or government programs to support educational success and accessibility for disabled students.

How can students with disabilities find scholarships?

Students with disabilities can find scholarships by researching online databases, consulting with school counselors, or reaching out to disability advocacy organizations. Websites like Disability.gov or the National Center for Learning Disabilities also offer scholarship listings tailored to specific needs.

What qualifies as a disability for scholarships?

A disability for scholarship purposes generally includes any documented physical, sensory, cognitive, mental health, or learning condition that substantially limits one or more major life activities. Eligibility typically requires medical or psychological documentation, and programs may define additional criteria depending on whether they target broad disabilities or specific conditions.

Do students with disabilities need to provide documentation when applying for scholarships?

Yes, most scholarships for students with disabilities require documentation of the disability. This might include a letter from a medical professional or educational accommodations documentation. Additionally, other materials like transcripts, essays, and recommendations may be required, depending on the scholarship’s criteria.

Can I apply for multiple disability scholarships at once?

Yes, you can apply for multiple disability scholarships at the same time, and doing so can increase your chances of receiving funding. Each scholarship has its own eligibility rules and application requirements, so be sure to review deadlines, prepare documentation, and tailor your materials to meet each program’s expectations.

Photo credit: iStock/SeventyFour

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOISL-Q425-048

A capital market is an exchange or platform where individuals, institutions, governments, and other entities come together to buy and sell securities. Well-known capital markets typically include the stock, bond, and commodities markets.

Capital markets generally facilitate the trading of longer-term securities vs. money markets, where investors can buy short-term debt. Capital markets today may or may not have specific geographical locations, as most capital markets conduct business electronically.

What Are Capital Markets?

Capital markets perform a key economic role. They bring together those who need to sell securities and those who wish to buy them, thereby facilitating the movement of capital around the world. Capital markets include a wide range of securities markets where funds can be traded between companies, governments, institutions, and individuals for myriad reasons (like investing online).

Established capital markets include stock and bond markets, and commodities. Capital markets and money markets are distinct, though: money markets are where short-term debt is traded. Most capital markets are located in the world’s financial centers, such as London, New York, Singapore, and Hong Kong.

What Is the Main Purpose of Capital Markets?

As noted, the main purpose of capital markets is to bring buyers and sellers together, specifically, for those who want to transact in securities markets. This means that they’re a meeting place for organizations or entities (governments, companies, etc.) that need money to get it from those who are willing to lend it or buy equity (investors).

Capital markets are important to the functioning of the broader economy.

What Are the Types of Capital Markets?

There are different types of capital markets, including broad markets: primary and secondary markets.

Primary vs Secondary Market

Capital markets are commonly divided into primary and secondary markets. The primary markets are where issuers sell “new” securities, and where investors buy them.

The other side of the capital markets are the secondary markets. This is where investors buy and sell the securities that have already been issued, often through a self-directed investing account.

Stock Market vs Bond Market

Stock markets are probably the most well-known of the capital markets. They are where companies go to acquire the capital they need to grow, and where investors go to buy stocks, and find opportunities for their capital to grow.

Bond markets operate differently. For one thing, the bond market doesn’t have a central exchange. Instead, they sell over the counter (OTC). And most of the people who trade in this OTC market are professional traders, such as pension funds, investment banks, hedge funds, and asset managers.

A bond is similar to an IOU, in that investors agree to lend capital to a government, company, or other bond issuer in exchange for regular interest payments over time, and a guarantee their principal will be repaid when the bond matures.

Stock and bond markets are one way to divide up the capital markets. But there are other securities such as convertible bonds, convertible preference shares and other alternative securities that companies sell to raise capital.

Capital Markets vs. Financial Markets vs. Money Markets

Financial markets are a broader category that include both capital markets and money markets. People sometimes use all three terms interchangeably, but there are some distinctions.

Financial Markets

Financial markets, generally, are any venue in which individuals and institutions trade any financial asset, including stocks, bonds, currencies, derivatives, commodities, and alternative investments.

Capital Markets

Capital markets specifically refer to the places where companies and other entities go to raise capital. Some distinguish capital markets as the segment where investors can invest in longer-term securities, versus the short-term instruments available through money markets.

Money Markets

Capital markets are also distinct from money markets in that the money market is where investors trade short-term debt, generally less than one year. Money markets support entities that need the return from short-term debt instruments.

The key distinction between money markets and capital markets are the types of securities traded, their risk level, and duration.

Money market instruments are generally fixed-income securities, and as such can be considered lower risk than other securities traded in the capital markets.

Real-world Examples of Capital Markets

Here are a few examples of capital markets at work in the real world.

Example 1: A Company Goes Public (IPO)

Many companies will choose to conduct an initial public offering, or IPO, in an effort to raise capital in quantities that simply aren’t available through private investors. The public capital market creates the opportunity for millions of investors to buy stakes in the company.

A company will usually consider an IPO when it has grown in size and matured as an organization. From a size perspective, one common time to consider an IPO is when a unicorn company has reached a valuation of $1 billion, though many companies go public before this point.

For many companies, the day of its IPO represents the beginning of a new stage of growth. In addition to the funds raised in an IPO, the credibility and transparency of being a publicly traded company can make it easier and less expensive to borrow money in the future.

Example 2: A City Issues Bonds for a New School

To access public funding through a bond issue, a company or another entity will start by discussing its need for capital with an investment bank or banks, which will act as the underwriter. In some cases, an entity may issue bonds directly, without using an underwriter.

If the bond issuer doesn’t have a rating from a bond-rating agency, the bank will help the borrower get in touch with the right rating agencies.

Once the terms of the bond are agreed upon, and the rating assigned to it, the bank sets up meetings with institutional investors. If they respond positively, then the bonds go to the investors who agreed to buy it over the course of the meetings leading up to the issuance date.

Example 3: Capital Markets in Real Estate

There are several ways that capital markets can serve or operate within the real estate sector. For instance, if a real estate developer needed to raise capital to fund a project, they could securitize it and sell shares, such shares of a real estate investment trust (REIT). Or, if a city needed to fund a project, they could sell shares of municipal bonds to raise the money to do it.

Further, there are financial instruments that are backed by real estate, such as mortgage-backed securities.

The Takeaway

The term capital markets encompasses the in-person and electronic exchanges where companies, governments, institutions, and other entities go to obtain capital from investors.

While the term financial markets is often used to indicate the means by which all types of securities and investment are traded, capital markets tends to refer to the platforms that facilitate the trading of equities and longer-term debt instruments.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

FAQ

What are capital markets in simple terms?

Capital markets bring together companies and other entities that need capital for various purposes, and investors who are willing to buy the securities they offer.

What is the capital market vs the stock market?

The stock market is an important subset of capital markets. It’s where companies that issue shares of their stock can find willing investors.

What is a primary market vs a secondary market?

A primary market is where securities or certain assets are issued for public sale for the first time, and a secondary market is where those securities or assets are subsequently traded or transacted.

Who are the main participants in capital markets?

Broadly, the main participants in capital markets are issuers, or those looking to sell equity or debt for funding, and investors, who are those looking to spend or lend capital in exchange for equity. Intermediaries could also be included, and those include market makers who connect issuers and investors.

Is the foreign exchange (forex) market a capital market?

Yes, the forex market could be considered a type of capital market.

Photo credit: iStock/Ivan Pantic