15 Scholarships for Hawaiian Students to Apply for in 2026-27

Finding the right financial aid can make all the difference when pursuing higher education. For Hawaiian students, there are numerous scholarships available for the 2026-27 academic year, specifically designed to support your educational journey.

Whether you’re seeking aid based on academic performance, financial need, or cultural background, these scholarships offer valuable opportunities. If you have a Native Hawaiian lineage, here are 15 prominent scholarships you may want to apply for.

Key Points

•   Scholarships are available for Hawaiian students based on both financial need and academic excellence, ensuring opportunities for a wide range of applicants.

•   Many scholarships for Hawaiian students emphasize cultural preservation and support individuals who demonstrate a commitment to their Hawaiian heritage.

•   Some scholarships target students pursuing degrees in specific fields such as health care, education, and environmental sciences.

•   Scholarships are available for high school seniors, undergraduates, and graduate students, offering assistance at different stages of education.

•   In addition to scholarships, Hawaiian students can apply for grants, federal student loans, and private student loans to help pay for college.

Scholarships for Native Hawaiians

Scholarships are essentially free money from different organizations, groups, or institutions to be used toward your education. Since these are awards, the money doesn’t need to be paid back. They can help make affording college easier and may even eliminate the need to apply for federal or private student loans.

Below you’ll find some of the more commonly touted Native Hawaiian scholarship opportunities. However, this list is only partial, and you can find others through the Hawai‘i Community Foundation, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs, and by using SoFi’s scholarship search tool. You can also register for a chance to win a $2,500 SoFi Scholarship simply by entering your name and email address.

Here are the top 15 scholarships you can consider applying for if you are of Hawaiian ancestry:

1. Native Hawaiian Chamber of Commerce Scholarship

Sponsored by the Native Hawaiian Chamber of Commerce, this scholarship is geared toward students pursuing study in the area of business administration at an accredited two- or four-year college institution in Hawaii or the continental U.S.

Applicants for this must exhibit interests in the Hawaiian language, culture, and history, and have a commitment to contribute to the greater community.

2. Native Hawaiian Health Scholarship Program

The Native Hawaiian Health Scholarship Program (NHHSP) is a merit scholarship given to students seeking a degree in the field of healthcare. Some of the health professions include physician, nurse, dentist, clinical psychologist, dietitian or nutritionist, and social worker, among others. It’s important to note the eligible health professions may change each year.

Native Hawaiian students enrolled full-time at an accredited college or university in Hawaii can apply. Recipients who receive an NHHSP award are obligated to work full-time in medically underserved areas in Hawaii for a minimum of two years and a maximum of four.

Along with covering the student’s tuition and other education-related costs, the scholarship provides a monthly stipend for their full-time work requirement in their health care discipline.

3. Second Century Scholarship

The Second Century Scholarship is an award available to all Native Hawaiians attending any of the 10 campuses and educational centers within the University of Hawaii system. Since the scholarship is need-based, students who apply need to show they qualify for the requisite amount of financial aid.

Award amounts differ and are determined by the applicant’s financial need and the availability of funds. Native Hawaiian students can apply for financial aid through their campus financial aid offices. All regular financial aid deadlines apply.

4. Jean Ileialoha Beniamina Scholarship for Ni‘ihau Students Fund

A need-based scholarship, the Jean Ileialoha Beniamina Scholarship for Ni‘ihau Students Fund is for students who reside on either Kaua‘i or Ni‘ihau Island. Current Ni‘ihau residents or Kaua‘i residents who are one or two generations removed from Ni‘ihau Island are given preference, along with those students who are proficient or fluent in the Hawaiian language.

5. Blossom Kalama Evans Memorial Scholarship Fund

The Blossom Kalama Evans Memorial Scholarship Fund is sponsored by the Hawai‘i Community Foundation, which has over $7 million dollars a year available for scholarships from more than 300 funds.

College juniors, seniors, or those going on to grad school can apply. Applicants must be a resident of Hawaii and attend college in the state. Preference is given to those students who major in Native Hawaiian or Hawaiian studies.

6. Prince Kūhiō Hawaiian Civic Club Scholarship

The Prince Kūhiō Hawaiian Civic Club, an organization dedicated to the preservation and perpetuation of Hawaiian values, culture, and education, sponsors scholarships open to a variety of students pursuing degrees or certificates.

Preference for these awards are given to Hawaiian students that have engaged in community service or volunteer work, along with individuals pursuing degrees in the Hawaiian language, culture, studies, journalism, or education.

In addition, there is a vocational scholarship program for students who live in Hawaii. Applicants need to be enrolled at least part-time in a vocational degree program, including associate degrees, or a certification program on a list of their approved educational institutions and approved programs in Hawaii.

7. Warren Nakupuna Ah Loo Memorial Scholarship

This merit-based prize, named for the late civil servant Warren Nakupuna Ah Loo, is funded by the Nakupuna Foundation, a nonprofit committed to the advancement of the Native Hawaiian community.

Created for high school graduates or anticipated graduates from one of Hawaii’s Kamehameha Schools, the Warren Nakupuna Ah Loo Memorial Scholarship is designed to support students attending college anywhere in the U.S. who are pursuing studies in STEM (science, technology, engineering, or math).

Recommended: 30 College Scholarships for Minority Students

8. Rosemary & Nellie Ebrie Scholarship

This scholarship, also sponsored by the Hawai‘i Community Foundation, is for Native Hawaiians who were born and currently reside on the island of Hawai‘i, otherwise known as the Big Island.

Applications for the Rosemary & Nellie Ebrie Scholarship are open to undergraduate and graduate students who demonstrate financial need.

9. Asian & Pacific Islander American Scholarship Program

Asian & Pacific Islander American (APIA) Scholars offers a range of scholarships for students who identify as Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander. These awards are for undergraduate students who are already attending a U.S. accredited college or university, and range from $2,500 for one-year awards to $20,000 for multi-year awards.

APIA scholarships give special focus to those students who live at or below the poverty level and are first-generation college students. Applicants also must be a citizen, national, or legal permanent resident of the U.S.

Recommended: FAFSA Grants and Other Types of Financial Aid

How Do I Know if I’m Eligible for Native Hawaiian Scholarships?

The term Native Hawaiian refers to a person with origins in the aboriginal, indigenous people who settled in Hawaii, founded the Hawaiian nation, and exercised sovereignty over their territory. A Native Hawaiian person is also considered to be a Pacific Islander, which refers to those people from Polynesian, Micronesian, and Melanesian cultural backgrounds.

It’s important to note people who are born in Hawaii but don’t have any ancestral links aren’t considered to be Native Hawaiians.

Scholarships for Native Hawaiian Women

If you’re a Native Hawaiian woman, you have the opportunity to apply for scholarships specifically created to support your educational pursuits. These scholarships include:

1. Ida M. Pope Memorial Scholarship

Women of Hawaiian ancestry can apply for the Ida M. Pope Memorial Scholarship through the Hawai‘i Community Foundation. This scholarship is set up to benefit a female student pursuing a career in the field of health, education, or STEM. Applicants need to demonstrate financial need, be a resident of Hawaii, and enroll as a full-time student.

2. Ka‘ehu Scholarship Fund

Another women-only scholarship offered through Hawai‘i Community Foundation, the Ka‘ehu Scholarship Fund, is for female-identifying students working toward earning an undergraduate or graduate degree.

The need-based award gives preference to women of Hawaiian ancestry that identify as LGBT and have participated in community service, clubs, and/or high school athletics.

3. AAUW Honolulu Branch Education Funds

The American Association of University Women (AAUW) promotes equity and education for women and girls. The Honolulu branch of AAUW offers need-based scholarships for Hawaiian female undergraduate students who already have some college credits.

The AAUW Honolulu Undergraduate Scholarship is for women who have already completed some college (a minimum of 12 credits), but had to halt their education for certain life circumstances. For this reason, the application is open to those who are 21 or older.

Female students must already be accepted or enrolled as a full- or part-time undergraduate in a college, community college, university in Hawaii, or online program from a regionally accredited public or private not-for-profit educational institution. Applicants need to be a Hawaiian resident and demonstrate financial need.

AAUW Honolulu also has graduate scholarships that are offered and administered through the Hawai‘i Community Foundation.

4. The Betty Bell Scholarship for Kauai Women

Established in 2020, the Betty Bell Scholarship for Kauai Women benefits women from the island of Kauai who demonstrate a strong work ethic and may not normally have the opportunity to go to college.

The prize is named after Betty J. Bell, the first licensed pharmacist on the island of Kauai, who was a strong advocate for women, especially for those who wanted to achieve their career dreams. Her namesake scholarship prioritizes working mothers, as well as women who are returning learners who had started college but didn’t get to complete their degree.

The scholarship is administered through the Hawai‘i Community Foundation, and applicants must be a resident of Kauai Island and demonstrate financial need.

5. Ka’iulani Home for Girls Trust Scholarship

A need-based scholarship, the Ka’iulani Home for Girls Trust Scholarship supports female students of Hawaiian ancestry who are full-time college freshman or sophomores.

Women must be of Hawaiian ancestry, residents of Hawaii, and attend an accredited, two- or four-year, not-for-profit college or university within the Aloha state.

Recommended: 10 Popular Scholarships for Women

Can I Get a Scholarship for Being Hawaiian?

Yes, there are many scholarships for those who are of Hawaiian ancestry as well as for individuals who are Hawaiian born and residents of the state.

How Do I Get a Hawai’i Promise Scholarship?

If you are planning to attend one of the University of Hawaii’s seven community colleges, you can apply for a Hawai’i Promise Scholarship. This scholarship offers money from the state of Hawaii, along with the University of Hawaii, to provide qualified students with all of their direct education costs (tuition, books, fees) that aren’t met by other forms of financial aid.

In 2023, almost $3.8 million was awarded to 1,774 eligible students in the UH Community College system, with the average award per student equaling $2,142.

To qualify for a Hawai’i Promise Scholarship, you’ll need to be enrolled in at least 6 credits per semester at a UH Community College, be a resident of Hawaii, and complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). You’ll then be notified by your campus if you’re eligible for the scholarship.

Recommended: Important FAFSA Deadlines to Know

What Is Native Hawaiian Exemption Tuition?

Students who can show proof of their Native Hawaiian ancestry may be able to get a Native Hawaiian Tuition Waiver. Those who apply must have a financial need based on information given on the FAFSA form.

The waiver applies to part of your tuition (not fees) and you must be at least a part-time student (6 credits) and attending an institution within the University of Hawaii system.

Recommended: What Is Need-Based Financial Aid?

The Takeaway

There are a multitude of scholarship opportunities available for Native Hawaiians, aka people who are of Hawaiian ancestry. Scholarships for Native Hawaiians can be need- or merit-based and are open to undergraduate, graduate, vocational students, and community college attendees. Since competition for scholarships can be fierce, being able to apply for specific scholarships can give a Native Hawaiian student a major leg up when it comes to paying for college.

Other ways to pay for college include cash savings, grants, federal student loans, and private student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.


Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

If I was born and live in Hawaii, does that make me a Native Hawaaian?

Not necessarily. A Native Hawaiian is a person who is a descendant of one of the original Polynesian settlers in Hawaii. You can be a Native Hawaiian and not live in Hawaii, or even not have been born there, but you must have indigenous ancestry.

Do you have to live in Hawaii to be eligible for a scholarship?

It depends. Some Native Hawaiian-specific scholarships require the applicant to be a Hawaiian resident, but it’s not always a prerequisite.

How much does it cost to go to school in Hawaii?

The average cost for tuition and fees for a four-year college program is $7,723 for in-state students and $20,995 for out-of-state students. Tuition for private colleges or universities in Hawaii clocks in at $17,121.


Photo credit: iStock/davidf

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Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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Student Loan APR vs Interest Rate: 5 Essential FAQs

You may have noticed when shopping around for student loans that some lenders display an interest rate, while others show an APR. What’s the difference? The main distinction is that the student loan APR (which stands for annual percentage rate) includes any fees or other charges the lender may add to the loan principal. The “interest rate” does not.

When shopping for a student loan, it’s key to know whether you’re looking at an APR or an interest rate, since this can have a significant impact on the total cost of the loan. Read on to learn more about student loan APR vs. interest rate, what each number includes, and how to compare student loan rates accurately to find the best deal.

Key Points

•   Interest rate vs. APR: Interest rate is the cost of borrowing expressed as a percentage of the loan; APR includes the interest rate plus upfront fees (like origination fees), giving a fuller picture of loan costs.

•   Federal loans publish only interest rates, not APRs; they also charge origination fees: 1.057% for Direct Subsidized/Unsubsidized loans, 4.228% for Direct PLUS loans.

•   Private loan rates vary by lender and creditworthiness; some charge origination fees while others don’t. If no fees are charged, the APR and interest rate will be the same.

•   Common fees such as origination, late payment, and insufficient funds fees can increase total repayment costs — but some private lenders may not charge any fees.

•   Best comparison metric: APR provides the most accurate “apples-to-apples” comparison across loan offers, since it reflects both interest and fees.

How Do Student Loan Interest Rates Work?

As with any loan, the interest rate represents the amount your lender is charging you to borrow money. It’s expressed as a percentage of your loan amount (or the loan principal) and doesn’t reflect any fees or other charges that might be connected to your loan. Interest rates can be fixed (the same for the life of the loan) or variable (may fluctuate over the life of the loan).

One of the factors that affect student loan interest rates is the type of student loan it is. Interest rates work differently depending on whether a student loan is federal or private. Congress sets the interest rates for federal student loans. The rate is fixed — and it’s the same for all borrowers. The federal student loan interest rate for undergraduates is 6.39% for new loans taken out for the 2025-26 school year, effective from July 1, 2025 to July 1, 2026.

The interest rate for private student loans works differently. Private lenders set their own rates, which may be higher or lower than rates for federal loans. Interest rates on private loans may be fixed or variable and typically depend on the creditworthiness of the borrower (or the student loan cosigner, if there is one). Those with higher credit scores generally qualify for lower rates, while borrowers with lower credit scores tend to get higher rates.

What Is the Student Loan APR, and How Is It Different From Interest Rate?

A loan’s annual percentage rate (APR) represents a more comprehensive view of what you’re being charged. It tells you the total cost of the loan per year, including any upfront fees, such as an origination fee, which a lender may charge for processing the loan. Because of that, a loan’s APR may be higher than its interest rate.

Looking at the APR helps you compare different loan offers and get a real picture of the overall cost you will pay for borrowing money for your education. If a loan doesn’t have any fees, the interest and the APR will be the same.

Federal student loans publish interest rates but not the APRs, so it’s important to keep in mind that the interest rate of a federal student loan is not the total cost of that loan. These loans also charge an origination fee, which is 1.057% for Direct Subsidized and Direct Unsubsidized loans, and 4.228% for Direct PLUS loans (unsubsidized loans for parents and graduate/professional students).

For private student loans, origination fees vary by lender. While some private lenders charge origination fees, it’s possible to find private loans that don’t have these fees.

However, it’s important to keep in mind that private student loans generally don’t come with the same protections as federal student loans, such as income-driven repayment plans and forgiveness programs.

What Fees / Charges Might Be Included in a Student Loan APR?

Fees that may be included in a student loan APR are upfront fees, such as origination fees. Other factors that could impact your loan balance — but are not included in the loan’s APR — are interest capitalization and late fees for missed payments.

Here’s how each of these things plays a role in student loans.

Origination Fees

The most common fee for student loans is the loan origination fee for processing the loan. Whether the loan is federal or private, this fee is typically based on a percentage of the total loan amount and will be deducted from your loan amount before the loan is dispersed. This means that if you borrow $10,000 and the origination fee is 1.057%, $105.70 will be deducted from your total loan amount — so you would actually receive $9,894.30 for the year.

While origination fees can be small, the cost can add up. Because these fees are deducted from the total loan amount, you are paying the fee with borrowed money and you’ll pay interest on the fee paid.

Capitalized Interest

Accruing interest and capitalized interest may affect the cost of your loan. Most student loans begin accruing interest daily as soon as they are disbursed. The exception is federal Direct Subsidized Loans, which the government covers the interest on until you are required to start making payments. That’s one of the major differences between subsidized vs. unsubsidized loans: For unsubsidized loans, the interest continues to accrue, increasing the amount the borrower will need to repay.

In addition, in certain situations, including deferment and during the six-month grace period after graduation, unpaid interest on your federal student loans may capitalize. That means the interest is added to your principal balance, and you’re charged interest on the new higher amount. Capitalization can increase the total balance of your loan.

Private lenders may have other or different situations when interest on student loans capitalizes, so it’s important to find this out when reviewing loan offers.

Late Payment or Returned Payment Fees

Both private and federal student loans may also have late fees and returned payment (or insufficient funds) fees, both of which add to the total amount you must repay. However, you can avoid these fees by always paying your bill on time and making sure you have enough money in your bank account to cover the payment.

Fees vary widely from one lender to the next, and some private lenders may not charge any fees.

Recommended: Average Student Loan Interest Rate

If a Loan’s Interest Rate and APR Are the Same, Does That Mean There Are No Hidden Fees?

Typically, if a student loan’s interest rate and APR are the same, it means there are no hidden fees. However, there are still a few things to watch out for that could affect the cost of your loan.

What to Look for in the Loan Agreement

Be sure to carefully read the loan agreement for your student loan. The agreement should spell out the loan’s interest rate and any upfront fees such as an origination fee.

Keep in mind that interest rates published for federal student loans are not APRs and do not include the origination fee. This fee will come out of the amount of money that is disbursed (paid out) to you while you’re in school.

The student loan APRs listed by private lenders include any additional upfront charges and fees. If the lender doesn’t charge any fees, the APR and interest rate will be the same.

Finally, check the loan agreement to see in what situations interest might capitalize and increase the overall cost of a loan.

Why Some Fees May Still Apply

A student loan may come with other fees, such as late fees for missed or late payments, and returned payment fees if a borrower doesn’t have enough money in their bank account to cover their loan payment. Other fees might include collection fees if a borrower defaults on a loan and the loan goes to collection.

When Shopping for a Loan, Should I Look at Interest Rate, APR, or Both?

As you’re shopping for a student loan, it’s important to look at the APR, if it’s available, as well as the interest rate, to get an accurate picture of what the loan will cost you.

Understanding the Full Cost of Borrowing

Because it includes interest and any fees, a loan’s APR tells the true cost of the loan, so that a borrower will know what the full cost of borrowing the money is. If you only look at the interest rate, you won’t be able to factor in any fees that the loan might come with.

Once you know what a loan will cost you in full, you can calculate student loan payments to determine what your monthly payments might be.

How to Compare Lenders Accurately

Whenever possible, you’ll want to look at the APR of a student loan, since this number allows a more apples-to-apples comparison of loan costs. The APR reflects both the loans interest rates and fees. If you just compare straight interest rates, you can miss the big picture in terms of the total cost of the loan. Sometimes those additional fees can make a big impact.

How APR and Interest Rates Affect Student Loan Repayment Over Time

A loan’s repayment amount — both the monthly payments and the total cost of the loan over time — are significantly impacted by a loan’s APR and interest rate.

Impact on Monthly Payments

A student loan’s interest rate and APR can affect student loan repayment over time in the following ways:

•   The percentage: A higher interest rate or APR means a higher monthly payment, and a lower rate means a lower payment.

•   How interest accrues: Although the interest rate is the same for federal Direct Subsidized and Direct Unsubsidized loans, the latter loan ends up costing significantly more because interest starts accruing from the time the funds are disbursed. With subsidized federal loans, the interest does not accrue while you are still in school.

For private student loans, interest typically begins to accrue as soon as the loan money is disbursed to your school. The longer interest accrues, the higher your monthly payments may be.

•   When interest capitalizes: In certain situations, unpaid interest on your student loans may capitalize and be added to your principal balance. That can increase monthly student loan payments as well as the overall cost of the loan.

Total Repayment Cost Over Loan Term

Your APR can determine the total cost of your loan over time. The higher the APY, the more interest that will accrue on the loan, and the more interest you’ll pay over time. That can lead to a higher overall cost of your loan over the term.

To reduce your payments, and potentially lower the total cost of your loan, one option some borrowers may want to consider is refinancing student loans. With student loan refinancing, you exchange your current loan for a new loan from a private lender with new rates and terms. Ideally, if you qualify, the interest rate on the new loan will be lower.

A student loan refinancing calculator can help you figure out how much refinancing might save you.

You can shop around for student loan refinancing rates to look for the best offer. Just be aware that refinancing federal student loans makes them ineligible for federal benefits like forgiveness, deferment, and income-driven repayment plans.

The Takeaway

A student loan’s interest rate is the cost of borrowing money and is expressed as a percentage of the loan amount. APR includes the interest rate as well as the additional costs and fees associated with borrowing. As a result, it gives you a more complete picture of the total cost of the loan.

Understanding APR vs. interest rate is important when you’re researching best rates for student loans. It will help you make informed decisions that may lower your cost of borrowing. Another option for potentially lowering your payments is through refinancing, if you qualify for a lower interest rate.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

What is a good APR for a student loan?

For new loans taken out for the 2025-26 school year, the federal student loan interest rate is 6.39% for undergraduates (whether the loan is unsubsidized or subsidized). For graduate students it’s 7.94%, and for parents it’s 8.94%. Average private student loan annual percentage rates (APRs) vary by lender. They range from 3.18% to 17.99%, as of January 2026, depending on a borrower’s credit.

Is APR better than interest rate?

The annual percentage rate (APR) gives you a more accurate picture of the true cost of financing. The APR of a loan tells you how much you will pay for a loan over the course of a year after accounting for the interest rate as well as any extra costs, like origination fees. When comparing loan offers, it’s generally better to compare APRs than interest rates, since this allows you to compare loan offers apples to apples.

Can APR and interest rate be the same?

Yes. If no fees are added to your loan amount, the interest rate and the annual percentage rate (APR) will typically be the same.

Why does APR matter when refinancing student loans?

APR gives you the total cost of borrowing, including any upfront fees you’ll incur when refinancing. It provides the true and total cost of borrowing, and it gives you a way to compare loan offers accurately.

How can I lower the APR on my student loans?

One option for lowering the APR on student loans is with student loan refinancing. When you refinance, you replace your existing student loans with a new loan that has new rates and terms. If your credit is strong, you may qualify for a lower interest rate, which would lower your APR.

If you have federal loans and you want to keep them because of the federal benefits they come with, enrolling in auto pay can give you a $0.25% discount on your loan’s interest rate.


About the author

Julia Califano

Julia Califano

Julia Califano is an award-winning journalist who covers banking, small business, personal loans, student loans, and other money issues for SoFi. She has over 20 years of experience writing about personal finance and lifestyle topics. Read full bio.



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Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Colorful plastic 529 numbers stand atop a stack of books on a table, next to a pink piggy bank.

529 Annual Plan Contribution Limits by State in 2026

A 529 plan is commonly used to help families save for college, but you can use these tax-advantaged plans to save for a range of educational costs throughout your child’s life.

Thanks to changes in the federal tax laws in 2025, it’s now possible to use 529 plan funds to pay for homeschooling costs, and expenses such as books and tutoring for students in K – 12 private schools as well.

Different 529 plans have different tax rules, offer different investment options, and — most important — 529 plans have different contribution limits by state, some of which have changed for 2026. It’s important to look into various plans and decide which one is the best for you and your family.

Key Points

•   529 plans are tax-advantaged savings accounts available in every state except Wyoming.

•   529 plans are primarily for qualified higher education expenses, but now also include K-12 private school and some homeschooling costs.

•   Each state sets its own aggregate total maximum contribution limit per beneficiary.

•   These plans offer tax-free growth, and some 40 states provide a state tax deduction or credit for contributions.

•   While contributions that exceed the $19,000 annual gift tax exclusion for 2026 must be reported, there is typically no penalty for contributing more than the state’s specific plan maximum.

🛈 While SoFi does not offer 529 Plans at this time, families can consider a range of online investing options.

What Is a 529 Plan?

529 plans are tax-advantaged savings plans that are designed chiefly to be used for qualified higher education expenses like tuition, housing, and books at postsecondary institutions such as a college, a trade school, and graduate school.

Thanks to tax law changes in 2025, parents can now withdraw up to $20,000 of 529 funds annually to use for a child’s elementary or secondary school education at a private or religious school. It’s also possible to use 529 funds to cover certain homeschooling expenses.

How a 529 Plan Works

Each 529 plan has a named beneficiary (the student). The account holder — usually a parent or grandparent — contributes savings to the plan up to the allowable 529 limits, which vary by state (see below).

Every state except Wyoming offers its own 529 plan. Although you cannot deduct 529 plan contributions on your federal taxes, some 40 states and the District of Columbia offer a state tax deduction or credit for contributions. California, Hawaii, Kentucky, and North Carolina do not offer a state tax deduction for 529 contributions.

In most cases, but not all, you have to be a resident of that state in order to claim the state tax deduction.

Understanding Contribution Limits

If you contribute over the annual limit for a given plan, you may not get the additional tax deduction, but there typically isn’t a penalty for overcontributing. Some states allow you to carry-forward excess contribution amounts; be sure to check the terms of the plan you’re considering.

The one factor some higher-income families have to consider is whether they are contributing in excess of the $19,000 annual gift tax exclusion. If that’s the case, form 709 has to be filed with the IRS, and the total amount will count toward the individual’s lifetime gift exemption, which is $15 million starting in 2026 (meaning, an individual would have to give over $15 million during their lifetime to owe federal gift tax; $30 million for couples filing jointly).

How Are 529 Plans Invested?

Once contributions are made, the account holder typically has a range of investment options to choose from, including mutual funds or exchange-traded funds (ETFs).

Many 529 plans offer an age-based mutual fund that’s similar to a target-date fund for retirement. These plans adjust their holdings over time to become more conservative. 529 plan investments grow tax free. And qualified withdrawals, including investment earnings, are not subject to federal or state taxes.

There are some 529 plan withdrawal penalties, however. For instance, any amount of money from the plan used for something other than qualified expenses for the student’s education incurs an income tax liability and a 10% penalty upon withdrawal.

Why Are There Maximum Contribution Limits?

In addition to yearly contribution limits for some 529 plans, there are aggregate maximum contribution limits that apply to the total contributions to the plan, for each beneficiary. States sponsor and operate their own 529 education savings plans and set their own aggregate max contribution amounts.

Many states have a total allowable contribution limit of $500,000 per beneficiary, though some states have lower or higher 529 limits. These limits are generally based on the cost to attend a four-year undergraduate or graduate program within the state.

Students who don’t have enough funds in a 529 plan to cover the cost of college can turn to other forms of financial aid, including scholarships, grants, and federal and private student loans.

529 Plan Max Contribution Limits by State

The max contributions to 529 plans vary based on the state plan you’re enrolled in. Below is a list of 529 contribution limits for 2026 in every state, according to Saving For College, a research company focused on educational policies.

 

State Contribution Limit
Alabama $475,000
Alaska $550,000
Arizona $590,000
Arkansas $500,000
California $529,000
Colorado $500,000*
Connecticut $550,000
Delaware $500,000
Florida $500,000
Georgia $235,000
Hawaii $305,000
Idaho $500,000
Illinois $500,000
Indiana $450,000
Iowa $505,000
Kansas $501,000
Kentucky $450,000
Louisiana $500,000
Maine $545,000
Maryland $500,000
Massachusetts $500,000
Michigan $500,000
Minnesota $525,000
Mississippi $400,000
Missouri $550,000
Montana $396,000
Nebraska $550,000
Nevada $500,000
New Hampshire $621,411
New Jersey $305,000
New Mexico $500,000
New York $520,000
North Carolina $550,000
North Dakota $269,000
Ohio $541,000
Oklahoma $450,000
Oregon $400,000
Pennsylvania $511,758
Rhode Island $520,000
South Carolina $575,000
South Dakota $350,000
Tennessee $500,000
Texas $500,000
Utah $574,000
Vermont $550,000
Virginia $550,000
Washington $500,000
Washington D.C. $500,000
West Virginia $550,000
Wisconsin $589,650
Wyoming N/A (the state does not offer a 529 plan)

Source: Savingforcollege.com
*Colorado’s Smart Choice College Savings Plan has a limit of $400,000.

States with Highest Aggregate Limits

The states with the highest allowed aggregate 529 contribution limits remain the same from 2025 to 2026:

•   Arizona

•   New Hampshire

•   South Carolina

•   Utah

•   Wisconsin

These states have a maximum contribution limit greater than $550,000, with New Hampshire allowing the highest 529 limit in the U.S. at $621,411.

States with Lowest Aggregate Limits

State 529 programs that have the lowest total contribution limits (i.e., under $400,000) include:

•   Delaware

•   Georgia

•   Hawaii

•   Montana

•   New Jersey

•   North Dakota

•   South Dakota

Georgia’s 529 savings plan has the lowest aggregate contribution limit nationwide at $235,000, while Wyoming doesn’t offer a state-sponsored 529 plan at all.

Tax Benefits for 529 Plans

The advantages to 529 plans go beyond saving for your child’s college education. A 529 might unlock certain tax benefits. For example, earnings in the account grow tax-free and there is no federal or state income tax liability for qualified withdrawals.

More appealing for some families is the opportunity to take a state tax deduction each year you contribute. Some 40 states now allow you to deduct your 529 contributions up to a certain limit from your taxable income. For example, in New York, residents can deduct up to $5,000 in 529 contributions, or $10,000 for those who are married, filing jointly.

But not all states allow you to deduct 529 contributions. For example, California, Kentucky, and Hawaii don’t offer a state tax deduction or credit for 529 contributions on their state income tax returns. However, qualified 529 withdrawals are exempt from income tax in all three of those states.

Eight states (Alaska, Florida, New Hampshire, Nevada, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington) have no state income tax so there is no 529 deduction in those states. As a reminder, although there is no state income tax in Wyoming, this state doesn’t offer a 529 plan currently.

Tax deduction limits and rules vary by state, so check with yours.

529-to-Roth IRA Rollover

Traditionally, a downside to saving money in a 529 plan has been the 10% penalty and potential tax liability incurred on earnings for non-qualifying withdrawals. This might come up if you over-saved in the account, or if your child chooses not to go to college, and you wish to withdraw the funds you’ve saved.

The SECURE 2.0 Act of 2022 has addressed these concerns. Starting in 2024, unused 529 funds can be rolled over into a Roth IRA under the original beneficiary’s name without penalty or tax implications. Excess contributions can also be transferred to another beneficiary, or used later to pay off student loans.

There are some guidelines for a 529 to Roth IRA rollover. The 529 plan must have been active for at least 15 years, and the rollover funds must have been in the account for at least five years.

Finally, the maximum annual rollover contribution permitted for 2026 is $7,500, based on Roth IRA 2026 contribution limits (IRA contribution limits typically change annually).

Despite these rules, the ability to do a Roth IRA rollover gives 529 account holders a penalty-free option, if needed.

How to Maximize Your 529 Contributions

If you’re considering a 529 for your child, you are not limited to choosing a 529 plan from the state you reside in. Many states allow out-of-state residents to open a 529 account. Here are some tips on how to maximize your savings in a 529.

•   Explore plans from multiple states and compare their tax benefits, investment choices, and fees to those of your state’s plan.

•   Check to see if your company offers 529 plan employee benefits. Some employers now provide these benefit plans, which allow you to contribute directly from your paycheck.

•   Many states offer direct-sold plans in which you select the investments in the plan yourself, and broker-sold plans in which a broker selects investments for you. Broker-sold plans typically come with more fees. Consider enrolling in a direct-sold 529 plan to help save on fees.

•   Anyone, including grandparents and family friends, can contribute to a 529 plan, so make sure loved ones are aware that you have a 529 for your child to save for college. They may want to make a contribution to the plan as a birthday gift, for instance.

•   You can open a 529 as soon as the beneficiary has a Social Security number. Start saving early and set up automatic contributions to the plan. The longer the money is invested, the more time it has to grow.

The Takeaway

A 529 can be a good way to save for your child’s education. The earlier you open a 529, the more time you have to contribute and save, and the more time the money in the plan has to grow. Just be sure to find out the 529 maximum contribution limits for the state in which you have the plan, and consider the tax implications.

FAQ

What happens if you contribute too much to a 529 plan?

Contributing more than your state’s 529 plan allows doesn’t typically incur a penalty. But savers should be aware that a single contribution that’s above the gift tax exclusion of $19,000 for 2026 would reduce your lifetime gift tax exclusion. But given that the lifetime exemption for the gift tax is $15 million, this likely won’t be a concern for many families.

What is the 5-year rule for 529 plans?

To contribute more in one year to a single 529 recipient without impacting your lifetime gift tax exemption, you can front-load up to five years of contributions into the 529. Doing so avoids impacting your lifetime gift tax exemption, but it also means that you can’t make additional contributions to the same beneficiary for the next five years.

What happens to a 529 plan if your child doesn’t go to college?

If your child doesn’t go to college, you have a few options for a 529. You can consider rolling the funds into a Roth IRA for the beneficiary, for instance (be sure to pay attention to the contribution limits on these rollovers). Or you could change the primary beneficiary to another family member, like a younger sibling.


Photo credit: iStock/Melpomenem

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SOIN-Q425-099

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How to Recertify Your Income Based Repayment for Student Loans

If you have federal student loans, you can enroll in an Income-Driven Repayment (IDR) plan, which may make your monthly payments more affordable. That’s because the amount is calculated based on your discretionary income and family size.

Income-Driven Repayment is the umbrella term for several federal repayment programs. (Income-based repayment, on the other hand, refers to one specific IDR plan.) Once you are enrolled in an IDR plan, you will need to recertify annually, by providing updated information about your income and family size — essentially reapplying for the plan. The government uses this information to calculate your payment amount and adjust it if necessary.

You can easily recertify an IDR plan. Read on to find out when to recertify income-driven repayment, how to do it, and upcoming changes to IDR plans you should be aware of.

Key Points

•   Income-driven repayment plans require annual recertification to either reconfirm or update information on income and family size to adjust payment amounts if necessary.

•   Recertifying ensures monthly student loan payments remain manageable by reflecting current income and family size.

•   Failing to recertify by the annual deadline will likely result in higher monthly payments, reverting borrowers to the amount they would pay under the 10-year Standard Repayment Plan.

•   Individuals can opt for automatic recertification by providing consent for the Education Department to access their tax information, or they can fill out a form manually.

•   Required documents for recertification typically include proof of income, such as recent tax returns or current pay stubs, for verification purposes.

What Is Income-Driven Repayment?

Income-driven repayment currently encompasses three different repayment plans. These plans are available to federal student loan borrowers to help make their payments more manageable. It’s an option to keep in mind when choosing a loan or if your current federal loan payments are high relative to your income. The program is intended to make the amount you pay on your student loan each month more affordable.

Under the “One Big Beautiful Bill” signed into law by President Trump, the options for income-driven plans will be changing over the next few years. Currently, however, the three income-driven repayment programs offered for federal student loans are:

•   Pay As You Earn (PAYE) Repayment Plan

•   Income-Based Repayment (IBR) Plan

•   Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR) Plan

For all of these plans, your monthly payment amount is based on a percentage of your discretionary income and the size of your family.

An income-driven plan also extends your loan term to 20 or 25 years. On the IBR plan, borrowers are eligible to get any remaining balance on their loan forgiven after that time.

Recommended: Guide to Student Loan Forgiveness

Which Federal Loans Are Eligible for an Income-Driven Repayment Plan?

IDR plans are available for the following types of federal loans:

•   Direct Subsidized Loans

•   Direct Unsubsidized Loans

•   Direct PLUS Loans made to graduate or professional students

•   Direct Consolidation Loans that did not repay any PLUS loans made to parents

•   Subsidized Federal Stafford Loans

•   Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans

•   FFEL PLUS Loans made to graduate or professional students

•   FFEL Consolidation Loans that did not repay any PLUS loans made to parents

•   Federal Perkins Loans, if these student loans are consolidated.

Private student loans are not eligible for IDR plans. For borrowers who are struggling to make their monthly payments on private loans, one option they may want to consider is student loan refinancing. With refinancing, you replace your old loans with one new loan. Ideally, the refinanced loan has a lower interest rate, which can lower monthly payments and save a borrower money.

Using a student loan refinancing calculator can be helpful to see how much refinancing might save you.

Take control of your student loans.

Ditch student loan debt for good.

How Monthly Payments Are Calculated Under IDR Plans

On an IDR plan, your monthly payment amount is generally based on a percentage of your discretionary income, which is defined by the Education Department as “the difference between your annual income and 150% of the poverty guideline for your family size and state of residence.”

Below is a look at how monthly payments are calculated under each plan. You can also use the office of Federal Student Aid’s Loan Simulator tool to see what your payments would be for each of the plans.

Also, it’s important to be aware that the PAYE and ICR plans are currently available to borrowers, but they are set to close to new enrollments on or after July 1, 2027. Borrowers already on these plans have until July 1, 2028, to switch to the IBR plan or the new Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP).

The IBR Plan

As noted above, while most of the other IDR plans will close in 2027, IBR will remain open to current borrowers.

On Income-Based Repayment, borrowers pay 10% of their discretionary income each month for a 20-year term if they first borrowed after July 1, 2014. (The monthly percentage is 15% with a 25-year repayment term for those who borrowed before that date.)

Any remaining balance owed at the end of the loan term will be forgiven on IBR. Although the PAYE and ICR plans no longer offer loan forgiveness, a borrower can get credit for their PAYE and ICR payments if they switch to IBR.

The PAYE Plan

To be eligible for PAYE, an individual must be a new borrower as of October 1, 2007, and have received a Direct loan disbursement on or after October 1, 2011. In addition, a borrower’s monthly payment on the plan must be less than what it would be on the Standard 10-year plan.

On PAYE, monthly payments are 10% of a borrower’s discretionary income, and the loan term is 20 years.

PAYE is currently open, but it’s closing down on July 1, 2027. Borrowers already on the plan will have until July 1, 2028 to switch to the IBR plan or the new plan, RAP.

The ICR Plan

The income-contingent repayment plan sets a borrower’s payments at 20% of their discretionary income and has a repayment term of 25 years. This is the only income-driven option for borrowers with Parent PLUS loans — and those loans must be consolidated first.

ICR closes to new enrollees on July 1, 2027, and those currently on the plan have until July 1, 2028 to switch to IBR or RAP. Otherwise, they will automatically be moved to RAP.

Recommended: Student Loan Repayment Calculator

Take control of your student loans.
Ditch student loan debt for good.


The New RAP Plan

The RAP program is scheduled to launch in the summer of 2026. Here are details on how the plan works.

How RAP Differs From Other IDR Plans

Unlike the existing IDR plans that use discretionary income, RAP will base a borrower’s payments on their adjusted gross income (AGI). Depending on their income, they’ll pay 1% to 10% of their AGI over a term of up to 30 years.

If they still owe money after 30 years, the rest will be forgiven. The federal government will cover unpaid interest and ensure that the loan’s principal goes down by at least $50 each month.

All borrowers are required to pay at least $10 per month on RAP. This plan may offer lower monthly payments than the current IDR options, but borrowers might also pay more interest over the life of the loan due to the longer repayment term.

Eligibility and Enrollment in the RAP Plan

To be eligible for RAP, you must have Federal Direct Loans, Federal Family Education Loans, or Grad PLUS loans (Parent PLUS borrowers are ineligible for RAP). Qualifying loans may be subsidized or unsubsidized.

As of July 1, 2026, new borrowers can enroll in RAP, if they choose. It will be the only income-driven plan available to them. Existing borrowers will be able to choose RAP or IBR.

Borrowers will enroll in RAP through StudentAid.gov. Details about the application process are not yet available; information is likely to be released closer to the July 1, 2026 launch date. Watch for updates from your loan servicer, and check the Student Aid website.

What Is Student Loan Recertification?

Since your current IDR plan is based on your income and the size of your family, you need to reconfirm or recertify these details every year.

When you apply for or recertify an income-driven repayment plan online, the Education Department will ask you for consent to access your tax information. If you give consent, they will automatically recertify your loan every year.

If you choose to recertify manually, you will need to fill out the online form and upload the requested documentation, or print out a PDF and mail it along with the documentation to your loan servicer.

If your financial situation changes ahead of your recertification date — for instance, if you lose your job — you can reach out to your loan servicer and ask them to immediately recalculate your payments.

Why Recertification Matters

Recertification is important because it ensures that your monthly student loan payments are based on your current income and family size, which may help keep your payments manageable. Also, if you fail to recertify, your payments will likely go up — see details about that below.

How to Recertify Income-Driven Repayments

You can apply for income-driven repayments and recertify your status by going online to StudentAid.gov. Filing your application online ensures that it is sent to each of your loan servicers if you have more than one. Alternatively, you may send paper applications to each of your loan servicers.

Steps for Online and Mail Recertification

To file online, go to StudentAid.gov and log in with your FSA ID. Click on “Manage Your Income-Driven Repayment Plan.”

Verify your family size, marital status, income, and spouse’s income, if applicable. If your income has changed since your last tax return, you can upload more recent pay stubs. You can also give consent for the Education Department to access your tax information, allowing automatic recertification in the future.

To recertify by mail, you can download the Income-Driven Repayment Plan Request form on the Student Aid website. Fill out the form and attach the required documents. You’ll send the request to the address provided by your loan servicer.

What Documents Are Required for Recertification

The documents required for recertification are proof of income, such as your most recent tax return or pay stubs. Unless you have chosen automatic recertification, you will need to manually upload these documents for your loan servicer.

When to Recertify Income-Driven Repayment Plans

Your IDR plan recertification deadline is the date one year after you start or renew an IDR plan. Your loan servicer will send you a notification of your upcoming recertification deadline along with the actions (if any) you need to take; you will also receive notices from StudentAid.gov.

If your income has decreased or your family status has changed, you may want to recertify before your annual deadline. You can fill out a recertification form at any time if you’re struggling to make your payments because your financial situation has changed.

What Happens If You Miss the Recertification Deadline?

If you fail to recertify your IBR plan by the annual deadline, you will remain on your current IDR plan, but your monthly payment will switch to the amount you would pay under the 10-year Standard Repayment Plan, which will likely increase your payments.

You’ll be able to make payments based on your income once again when you recertify and update your income information with your loan servicer.

The Takeaway

Income-Driven Repayment plans, which are available to many federal student loan borrowers, can be a way to help make student loan repayments work with a borrower’s budget. Recertification is a critical step borrowers need to take each year to either verify their information or inform the Education Department of changes to their situation that might affect their payment size.

Refinancing is another option some borrowers may want to consider to help manage their student loan debt, especially those with private student loans that don’t qualify for IDR plans or federal benefits and programs.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

Can you recertify student loans early?

Federal student loan borrowers who are on an income-driven repayment plan can recertify early, which you may want to do if your family has grown or your income has decreased. Otherwise, you need to recertify your loans once a year.

How do I recertify my student loans?

You can recertify your student loans online at the Federal Student Aid website (studentaid.gov), or by downloading and mailing in the Income-Driven Repayment Plan Request form with any supporting documentation. If you mail in the request, you’ll need to send a copy to each of your loan servicers. You can also opt to have your recertification happen automatically every year by giving consent for the Education Department to access your tax information.

When should I recertify my student loans?

Your recertification date is the date one year after you started or renewed your IDR plan. Your loan servicers will send you a notice in advance that it’s time to recertify your loan. The Student Aid website should also send you notices about recertification.

What documents do I need to recertify my IDR plan?

Unless you’ve opted for automatic recertification, you will need to provide proof of income, such as your most recent tax return or pay stubs, when you recertify your IDR plan. You will need to manually upload these documents for your loan servicer.

What if my income has changed since my last recertification?

If your income has changed since your last recertification, you can submit updated information, along with supporting documents such as pay stubs, so that your payments can be recalculated. You can do this at any time through your account on StudentAid.gov or directly to your loan servicer.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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SOSLR-Q425-061

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What Increases Your Total Loan Balance?

Key Points

•   Interest accrual can contribute to an increase in the total student loan balance over time.

•   Unpaid interest can capitalize, adding to the principal balance and causing borrowers to pay interest on top of interest.

•   Periods of deferment or forbearance often lead to loan balance growth due to interest accumulation.

•   Late or missed payments can incur fees and penalties, increasing the total amount owed.

•   Opting for a longer repayment term can reduce monthly payments but typically increases the total interest paid over the life of the loan.

If you have student loans, you may sometimes see the total loan balance go up, due to such factors as the interest you owe, your repayment term, or loan fees.

Whether your student loans are in a period of deferment or you’ve working to make payments every month, it can be frustrating to see your balance increase instead of go down.

To discover why this happens and what to do about it, read on. You’ll learn what increases your total loan balance, ways to reduce it, and repayment options that may help.

Understanding Loan Balances

The way student loans work is that when you first take out a loan for your education, your loan balance is the amount you borrowed. However, that loan balance can increase or decrease depending on your payments, interest charges, and fees.

Principal vs. Interest Explained

A student loan typically consists of principal plus interest. The loan principal is the amount you originally borrowed. If you took out a $25,000 student loan to pay for school, your principal amount is $25,000.

Interest is the cost of borrowing money, and it is part of what you owe on your student loan balance. Federal Direct loans for undergraduates disbursed on or after July 1, 2025 and before July 1, 2026, have fixed interest rates of 6.39%, while Direct Unsubsidized Loans for graduate or professional students have a fixed rate of 7.94%. Direct PLUS loans for parents and graduates and professional students have a rate of 8.94%.

The rates on private student loans vary, but as of December 2025, they ranged from 3.18% to 15.99% or more, depending on such factors as your credit and the lender you choose. Private student loan rates may be fixed or variable. If your rates are variable, meaning they fluctuate with market conditions, it can be quite challenging to predict exactly how your loan balance will change over time.

When you sign into your student loan account, your loan balance is the total amount you currently owe on your loan.

Recommended: Student Loan APR vs. Interest Rate

Capitalization of Interest and How It Works

In some circumstances, unpaid interest on your loan capitalizes, or gets added onto, your principal balance. Then you end up paying interest on top of interest, which is what increases your total loan balance — and potentially your monthly payment as well.

Here’s how capitalization works: Interest accrues on your student loans even at times you’re not responsible for paying it, such as the six-month grace period after graduation or during student loan deferment. If you have unsubsidized Direct loans or Direct PLUS loans, the unpaid interest that accrued during these times is added to your loan principle. The principle is then higher and you pay interest on the new larger amount.

Factors that Contribute to Increased Loan Balances

Whether you’re in a period of deferment or active repayment, you probably don’t expect your student loan balance to be increasing over time. Unfortunately, there are various circumstances that can cause your federal student loan balance to increase, such as the ones below.

Accrued Interest

Most loans, with the exception of Direct Subsidized Loans, start accruing interest immediately from the date of disbursement. If you borrowed as a freshman in college and deferred payments the entire time you were in school and for the six-month grace period after graduation, your loan balance could significantly increase after four and a half years of nonpayment.

Loan Forbearance or Deferment

It’s possible to temporarily postpone payments through student loan deferment or forbearance if you go back to school, encounter financial hardship, or have another qualifying reason. Most loans accrue interest during this time, however, causing your loan balance to grow. The only exception is Direct Subsidized Loans, which don’t accrue interest during periods of deferment. In forbearance, all loan types accrue interest.

Missed or Late Payments

If you make late payments, or you miss payments on your student loans, the ramifications can be serious. For one thing, you’ll likely be charged late fees and penalties, increasing the amount you owe. Also, your federal loan will be considered delinquent after just one missed payment. And after approximately 90 days of missed payments, your loan servicer will report the delinquency to the credit bureaus, which can then negatively impact your credit score.

After 270 days of missed payments, your loan goes into default. At that point, the government can take a portion of your wages or seize your tax refund, and the debt you owe may be sent to a collection agency. A default stays on your credit report for seven years, which can severely damage your credit.

Negative Amortization

If your monthly payments are less than the interest you’re charged (meaning you’re not paying off your interest each month), this is known as negative amortization. The interest charges will then be added to the amount you owe, causing your loan amount to grow over time.

Negative amortization can happen under income-driven repayment (IDR) plans if your payments are not big enough to cover the accruing interest each month.

Strategies for Managing and Reducing Loan Balances

Now that you know what increases your total student loan balance, these are some strategies you can consider for reducing it.

Making Extra Payments Toward Principal

Putting extra payments toward your loan balance can help you pay it down faster and save money on interest. Here’s how: Making extra payments can help you reduce your principal, which can help you save on interest over time.

So, if you get a windfall, such as a birthday gift, or you earn a little extra cash, putting that money toward your student loans could help you pay down your debt faster. Just be sure to tell your lender to direct the extra payment toward your loan principal, which can help you shrink the balance.

Enrolling in Autopay for Interest Rate Discounts

When you set up automatic payments for your federal student loans from your bank account, you’ll save 0.25% on your interest rate. Many private lenders also offer a 0.25% rate discount for using autopay. Besides the savings, autopay helps ensure your payment will be consistent and on time.

Avoiding Missed Payments Through Budgeting

Making your monthly payments by the due date will help you avoid late fees and penalties. One way to do this is to create a budget that factors in your student loans.

To make a budget, calculate your monthly income, including paychecks from your regular job plus anything you earn from a side hustle, and then make a list of all your monthly expenses, including your student loans. If your expenses are greater than your income, see where you can cut back. Perhaps you can eliminate a streaming service or two, and bring lunch from home rather than buying it every day. Creating room in your budget and then sticking to that plan, can help you make your loan payments so you won’t fall behind and end up owing more.

Long-Term Financial Impact of Growing Loan Balances

A growing student loan balance is not only stressful, but it can also harm your overall financial health.

Effects on Total Repayment Amount

The total repayment amount of your loan can increase over time for reasons that include missed or late payments that result in late fees and penalties being added to what you owe, failing to keep up with accruing interest on your loan, and deferring your student loan payments, which can result in interest capitalization, significantly increasing the amount you owe. The more your debt grows, the harder it becomes to pay off.

Impact on Credit Score and Future Borrowing

A large student loan balance can also negatively impact your credit. The amount of debt you have makes up 30% of your FICO® credit score. Owing a sizable amount of debt can drag down your score, making it difficult to qualify for new loans or credit cards or get affordable rates. Plus, a high debt load increases your debt-to-income ratio (or DTI), and lenders prefer a DTI under 36%.

Tips for Preventing Loan Balance Increases

To keep your balance from increasing, make sure you understand how your student loans work — including the interest rate on the loans and when you need to start paying them back — and then review the different options for repaying them.

Choose the Right Repayment Plan

Before picking a repayment plan, make sure you understand how it will impact your loan balance and overall costs. A longer plan can reduce your monthly payments, but it tends to increase the amount of interest you pay over the loan’s term.

For example, if you have federal student loans, sticking with the Standard Repayment Plan will help you pay off your balance in 10 years, assuming you don’t use deferment or forbearance during that time. However, your monthly payments will be higher than they would be on other plans.

On the other hand, the Extended Repayment Plan lets you stretch out your repayment period for a longer term, which can lower your monthly balance but increase the amount you pay overall.

There are also income-driven repayment plans that typically lower the amount you owe each month (read more about how these plans work below).

Stay Informed About Loan Terms and Changes

Make sure you understand the terms and conditions of your loans. Look over your loan agreement to see what your interest rate is, how much you owe, and how long you have to repay your loans. If you have any questions, contact your loan servicer.

Also, check to see how your interest accrues. If your loan accrues interest right away, consider making interest-only payments while you’re in school to prevent your balance from rising.

Borrowers with federal student loans currently have repayment plans to choose from that could potentially reduce their student loan payments, such as income-driven repayment, as well as repayment alternatives like refinancing.

Income-Driven Repayment Plans

Income-Driven Repayment plans base your monthly federal loan payments on your discretionary income and family size and extend your loan term to 20 or 25 years. These plans can make your monthly payments more affordable. But you may pay more interest overall on an IDR plan.

There are currently three IDR plans — the Income-Based Repayment (IBR) Plan, the Pay As You Earn (PAYE) Plan, and the Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR) Plan. On the IBR plan, any remaining balance on your loans is forgiven when your repayment term ends.

However, as part of the Trump administration’s One Big Beautiful Bill, changes are coming to IDR plans. In July 2027, most of the current IDR plans, except IBR, will no longer accept new enrollees.

In July 2026, a new plan will be introduced, called the Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP), that bases payments on borrowers’ adjusted gross income (AGI). (This and a revised version of the Standard Repayment Plan will be the only repayment plans available to new loan borrowers as of July 1, 2026.)

Under RAP, depending on their income, a borrower would pay 1% to 10% of their AGI over a term that spans up to 30 years. If they still owe money after 30 years, the rest will be forgiven. The government will cover unpaid interest from month to month. However, a borrower on RAP could end up paying more interest over the life of the loan due to the longer repayment term.

Refinancing to a Lower Interest Rate

If you have good credit (or a creditworthy cosigner), another option you might consider is to refinance student loans for a lower interest rate and new repayment terms. With refinancing, you exchange your current student loans for a new loan from a private lender.

Some potential advantages of refinancing student loans may include lowering your monthly payment, saving money over the life of the loan, and/or paying off your balance faster. A student loan refinancing calculator can help you see how much you might save.

However, it’s important to keep in mind that refinancing federal loans means you forfeit access to federal benefits and protections, including federal student loan forgiveness programs. Also, if you refinance for an extended term, you may pay more interest over the life of the loan. For these reasons, refinancing student loans requires careful thought to decide if this is the right next step for you.

The Takeaway

Student loan debt can be stressful, and seeing your loan balance rise can add to this situation. Understanding what increases your student loan balance (such as your interest rate, loan fees, and repayment plan) can help you avoid paying more than you need to on your debt.

Everyone’s situation is unique, so consider your budget, financial goals, and any plans for loan forgiveness when choosing a repayment strategy. You may find that changing your federal loan repayment plan or refinancing your existing loans might help you better manage your student loan debt.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.

FAQ

What causes student loan balances to grow over time?

Some of the factors that can cause student loan balances to grow over time include interest that accrues; capitalization, which is when unpaid interest is added to your loan balance in certain situations, such as at the end of student loan deferment or when your six-month grace period after graduation ends; and fees and penalties due to late or missed student loan payments that are added to what you owe.

How does interest capitalization increase your loan balance?

Interest capitalization increases your loan balance because the interest that accrues during certain situations, such as student loan deferment, is added to your principal balance, making the balance bigger. You then owe interest on the new bigger balance, increasing the amount you’ll pay over time.

Can deferment or forbearance make your loan more expensive?

Yes, deferment and forbearance can make your loan more expensive over time. If you have unsubsidized federal loans or Direct PLUS loans, for example, the interest on your loans accrues while you’re in deferment, making your total loan balance bigger. (If you have subsidized federal loans, the interest does not accrue during deferment.) In forbearance, interest accrues on all types of federal loans, and the interest is typically added to the loan balance, meaning you’ll pay more over the life of the loan.

What are the best ways to lower your total loan balance?

Some ways to lower your student loan balance include making extra payments toward the principal on your student loans; paying the interest that accrues while you’re in school, during the six-month grace period after graduation, or during deferment; and setting up automatic payments for your loans to ensure that your payments are consistent and on time (as a bonus, you’ll typically get a $0.25% discount on your interest rate when you set up autopay).

Will refinancing help reduce my loan balance faster?

Refinancing might help you lower your student loan balance, but it depends on your specific situation. For example, if you qualify for a lower interest rate when you refinance, your monthly payments may be lower, which might help you to repay your loans faster. You might also be able to shorten your loan term through refinancing and pay off your loan more quickly.


Photo credit: iStock/:Olemedia

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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