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When a car lease is expiring, you will likely need to decide whether to return the car and find a new one or do a lease buy-out and purchase the car.

Similar to buying a used car, when buying a leased car, you may be able to finance the transaction or pay for it with cash. But how can you know if buying out a car lease makes sense?

The decision will depend on your budget, how much you enjoy driving your leased car, the mileage you’ve put on the car, and the buyout price.

Read on for some key information about a car lease buyout that can help you make an informed decision.

What Does It Mean To Buy Out a Car Lease?

Buying out a car lease involves purchasing the car when your lease agreement comes to an end. It’s a fairly common process, and most lease agreements offer a buyout option. Your leasing company may even reach out to you with different options as the lease agreement nears its end.

Sometimes you can even purchase the car before the lease officially ends. Check your lease agreement to see what the terms are.


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How Does Buying Out a Car Lease Work

Wondering how to buy your leased car? First, consult your lease contract to find out the terms and the buyout price. If you don’t see the information there, contact the car dealership.

Next, evaluate the condition of the car. How much is your car really worth? Is it in good enough shape that buying it makes sense? Or does it have a lot of wear and tear or require repairs or expensive maintenance? Then, shop around to see if you can get a better price on the same car elsewhere. You may even be able to negotiate the price of your leased car with the dealership. This isn’t always an option, but it’s worth a try since you want to get the best rates for a lease buyout.

If you decide to go ahead with the purchase of the leased car, apply for financing if needed, and follow the process for purchasing the car.

Pros and Cons of Buying Out a Car Lease

Buying a leased car can sometimes make sense, but it’s not always the best option, depending on the purchase price and the condition of the car. Here are some advantages and disadvantages to consider before buying out a car lease.

Pros of Buying Out a Car Lease

One of the most obvious benefits of a lease buyout is that you already know the car’s history, which is something you likely won’t have when buying a used car (even if you get a used vehicle report, it won’t contain every detail).

If you’ve maintained your car meticulously and always kept it garaged, then you know that you would be purchasing a car that is in excellent condition.

On the flip side, if you haven’t cared for the car as well as you could have, a buyout can be an advantage as well.

That’s because most leases include extra fees for unusual wear and tear on a vehicle, which may show up during the inspection. Keeping the car can be a way to stave off that extra expense.

The same goes if you’ve put a lot of mileage on the car. If you’ve gone way over your lease’s mileage limits, a buyout can be more enticing because it allows you to avoid paying penalties for going over your lease’s limits.

Another potential plus to a buyout is that it can get you out of the lease cycle. When it comes to buying vs. leasing, purchasing a car may end up costing you less in the long run.

While buying typically involves higher monthly costs than leasing, you actually own something in the end. With leasing, you may have lower payments, but you can also get stuck in a cycle of never-ending car payments since you’ll never own the car free and clear. Creating a budget can help you see which option makes more financial sense for you.

Cons of Buying Out a Car Lease

One of the nice things about a lease is that you will always experience a relatively new vehicle every time you renew. For many drivers, the potential extra cost of perpetually leasing is worth that peace of mind.

If you opt to end the lease cycle and buy your car, one downside is that you’ll no longer be driving a new car. In determining the cost of ownership, you will likely also want to factor in the cost (and hassle) of car maintenance and repairs as the car gets older.

Your monthly expenses might also go up. If you buy out your lease and don’t make a new down payment, your monthly payments will likely be more expensive than your current lease payment. This is something to consider if you’re working to manage your money better.

Another potential downside to buying your leased car is that you may not be getting the best possible price for a used car.

When you get the option to buy a leased car, the vehicle is typically just a few years old and its residual value can be pretty high. It’s possible you could get a better deal by saving up for a car and buying a similar used vehicle on the open market.

Is Buying Your Leased Car a Good Idea?

Before deciding whether to buy your leased car, you may want to compare the buyback price from your lease to the current resale value of the car.

The price of a lease buyout will be based on the car’s residual value, which is the purchase amount set at lease signing, based on the predicted value of the vehicle at the end of the lease.

You can often find this number — it may be called the “buyout amount”, “residual amount,” or “purchase option price” — on your lease contract. If you make your payment online, you may be able to find it by logging onto your account or by calling the bank that holds your lease.

Once you’ve got this number, you can use one of the many online car appraisal tools — such as Kelly Blue Book, Edmunds, or the National Automobile Dealers Association — to help you calculate the trade-in, buyback, and new car fair purchase price of your leased car.

To get the most reliable numbers, you’ll want to be as accurate as you can when you plug in the information about your car, including the manufacturer, options, and current condition.

If your buyout amount is considerably less than the average retail price, and you like the car, buying your car from the leasing company could indeed be a good deal.

Even if it looks like you would end up slightly overpaying, you may not want to dismiss the buyout option altogether.

Buying your leased car may still be a good idea if you’re going to get hit with pricey mileage charges when you return the car. This could end up making the buyout price a better deal than buying a similar used car on the open market.


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3 Tips for Getting a Good Price on a Car Lease Buyout

It can be tricky to try to haggle the price of a buyout, since dealerships typically don’t net a profit from selling you a leased car. But it makes sense to try negotiating for a better deal. These tips could help.

Opt for dealer financing

One technique that might motivate the dealer to help you is to agree to get your financing from the dealership. This could work to your financial benefit as well: Since dealers often have a number of lenders to choose from, they may also be able to get you a lower interest rate for the buyout loan than you might be able to get from your own bank or credit union.

Get a preapproved loan

It can still be a good idea to get a preapproved car loan from your bank or credit union before you go to the dealer so you know what rate you can qualify for. If you originally had a good credit score to lease a car in the first place, and you still do, that may help you get a more favorable rate.

Some people even work at building credit by leasing a car. If you made your lease payments on time and your credit strengthened in the process — again, that might work to your advantage in terms of rates you might qualify for.

Once you see what rate you can get for a car loan, you can then decide later if you want to go with the dealer’s financing for the car lease buyout.

Negotiate fees

If you can’t get a lower buyout price for the car, ask to have fees such as transaction or document fees waived or lowered. You can request an itemized list of buyout fees from the dealer and see if you can get them to bargain with you on some of them. If so, this could help you save money.

The Takeaway

Deciding what to do with your leased vehicle when the contract is up can require a little bit of research, and also some math.

It can be a good idea to compare the buyback price to what the car would go for on the open market. You may also want to factor in any additional charges, such as mileage fees, that could make buying out the lease more attractive.

Should you decide to buy the car (or to purchase a different car) and would need to take out a loan to do so, it can also be important to consider what kind of price, down payment, loan term, and interest rate you can afford. Then you can start putting away money in a savings account to buy out your lease, or purchase a different car.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

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FAQ

Can you negotiate the buyout of a lease?

You may be able to negotiate the buyout of a car lease — it typically depends on where the lease contract originated. If it came from the finance department of the car manufacturer, you may not have much leeway. These finance departments are considered “captive lenders,” which means they likely won’t negotiate with you. If your car lease was written by a bank, however, you may have more flexibility for negotiation.

What is the downside to buying out a lease?

One disadvantage of buying out a lease is that you’ll no longer be driving a new car every few years. And once you own the car, it may cost more to maintain and repair it as it gets older.

In addition, if you buy out your lease and don’t make a new down payment, your monthly payments will likely be more expensive than your current lease payment.

Finally, by buying your leased car, you may not be getting the best possible price for a used car. You might be able to buy a similar used vehicle on the open market for a better price.

Is it smart to buy a car that you have leased?

It can sometimes be beneficial to buy a car you’ve leased. For instance, if the buyout price of the car is a lot less than the average retail price, buying out your car could be a good deal.

Also, if you’ve kept the car in excellent condition, it may make sense to buy out the lease rather than buying another used car and not knowing the true condition of the vehicle. Plus, you’ll actually own something in the end once the lease is paid off.

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Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

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Food stamps, or SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) benefits, help millions of Americans who earn lower incomes or face economic hardship feed their families. In one recent year, 12% of all Americans accessed this benefit.

In the not too distant past, however, SNAP benefits weren’t always the most convenient way to go food shopping. A person had to go to the store and pay for their groceries with the program’s EBT card. Today, however, as so much of life is going digital, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers an online purchasing program to make food stamps more convenient for residents of every state. It’s becoming easier to use SNAP benefits online.

Here, you’ll learn more about how, where, and when you can use these benefits to grocery-shop online.

What Are Food Stamps?

“Food stamps” is an older, but still commonly used term to describe SNAP, or the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.

SNAP is designed to provide nutritional assistance to low-income families, as well as the elderly, disabled, and people who have filed for unemployment. SNAP is a federal program administered by the USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service, which has a network of local offices.

While SNAP doesn’t cover all the items you might pick up at the supermarket, it can significantly cut your grocery bill.

•   You can use food stamps to purchase meat, poultry, and fish; vegetables and fruit; bread and cereal; dairy products; snack food; and seeds and plants that produce food.

•   However, you can’t use them to purchase tobacco, wine, beer, liquor, vitamins, prepared food, and nonfood items like cosmetics, hygiene items, and cleaning supplies.

Everyone on food stamps has a bank card called an EBT card, backed by the government. The program allows for customers to pay in-store and increasingly online, using their EBT just like a debit or credit card.

The maximum monthly food-stamp assistance you can get varies by where you live and how many people are in your household. A family of four living in the U.S. can now receive around $939 a month.

Who Qualifies for Food Stamps?

A household is eligible for Food Stamps, or SNAP, when it meets specific criteria. Each state has an income limit that SNAP households must stay under. Additionally, they may factor in your finances and savings to determine your eligibility.

To apply for food stamp benefits or to get information about the SNAP program in your area, you can contact your local SNAP office. You can find local offices and each State’s application on the USDA national map .

Each state has its own application form. If your state’s form is not on the web yet, you can contact your local SNAP office to request a paper form.

Recommended: Average Grocery Budget for a Family of 5

Can You Use Food Stamps Online?

Yes, food stamps can be used online. Thanks to the expedited expansion of an online purchasing pilot program run by the USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service, households receiving SNAP benefits in any of the 50 participating states (along with the District of Columbia) can now use EBT to pay for groceries online from select retailers.

If a retailer is enrolled in SNAP’s online program, people on food stamps can select foods eligible for EBT benefits online and then arrange for in-store or curbside pickup. In some cases, it may be possible to have your groceries delivered. If the retailer charges a delivery fee, however, you cannot use your benefits to cover that fee.

What Stores Accept Food Stamps Online?

You now know the answer to “Can food stamps be used online?” The next question is probably, “Where exactly can I use food stamps online?”

Fortunately, many stores now accept food stamps online. While Amazon and Walmart are among the best known retailers for online EBT shopping, the number of stores accepting EBT card payment online is continuing to expand.

•   FreshDirect, an online grocery delivery service, now delivers for free to SNAP participants in some zip codes in the New York metropolitan area.

•   Instacart, a grocery delivery service, is currently partnering with many local stores in the U.S. to offer SNAP EBT benefits. The latest version of the Instacart app should display whether your local store offers EBT SNAP.

Which retailers (and which specific locations) participate in the online SNAP program will vary from one state to another, so it’s a wise idea to check which options are available in your area.

Here are some of the retailers that are now accepting food stamps for online shopping (for either delivery or pickup):

•   Walmart

•   Amazon

•   Aldi

•   Food Lion

•   Publix

•   FreshDirect

•   BJ’S Wholesale Club

•   Kroger

•   ShopRite

•   Fred Meyer

•   Safeway

•   Albertsons

•   Vons

•   Hy-Vee

5 Ways to Use Food Stamps to Buy Groceries Online

The rules for using food stamps online will vary by retailer. Here are some ways this transaction might work.

1. Use Food Stamps on Amazon

For example, when shopping on Amazon, you can add your SNAP EBT card, shop for groceries, and when you check out, you enter your EBT PIN to pay for eligible purchases.

2. Order Groceries With Food Stamps at Walmart

For Walmart, you can order groceries online or through the store’s grocery mobile app. You first need to sign into your Pickup & Delivery account and then select Payment Methods.

3. Use Food Stamps Online at a Local Store

If your local store accepts EBT Online, you’ll see an option to add your EBT card to your account and can then add your card. During checkout, you select EBT as your payment method. You can then enter your PIN and complete your order.

For instance, at ShopRite, you can order groceries online at Shoprite.com or via the store’s mobile app. During checkout, you can select Pay Online and then click the Place Order button. You can then choose the EBT Snap Card as the payment method to complete checkout. That’s another way to use food stamps online.

4. Know Which Are Non-SNAP Items

At some retailers, you can also include non-SNAP items in the same order, but you’d need to pay for them separately with a debit or credit card. If the store charges a delivery fee, that charge would also need to be paid via a separate payment card since service fees are not included in SNAP benefits.

5. Continue to Check As Options Expand

If you don’t find EBT SNAP as a payment option when attempting to order from your preferred grocery store, you may want to keep checking back — the coverage areas and list of participating stores continue to expand.

Recommended: Average Grocery Budget for a Family of 3

Other Ways to Save on Groceries

If you don’t qualify for SNAP benefits or are looking for additional ways to trim your grocery budget, try these tips. They can help you save, regardless of how much you usually spend on food per month.

Plan Your Meals

By planning your meals ahead and buying in bulk, you can save money on food. Say you decide in advance that you’ll buy chicken that’s on sale and make a stir-fry one day, a sheet pan dinner the next, and will grill it as well. You might even double up on your cooking and freeze leftovers for the following week.

Shop Solo and Stick to Your List

Impulse buys have a way of wrecking your food budget, and if you have your family with you at the supermarket, it can be more likely that they will spot enticing and expensive items. It can be more economical to hit the grocery store on your own and stay laser-focused on your list.

Use Coupons

Whether you choose to clip the old-school paper coupons or use some of the digital couponing options, those deals can help you stay on your budget. You may even be able to use coupons in a way that doubles their saving power for even lower prices.

The Takeaway

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) — better known as food stamps — provides assistance to low-income people in the form of an EBT card that can be used to purchase certain types of food.

Many national retailers and supermarket chains now allow SNAP recipients to order eligible groceries online and then go into the store to pick them up, either in-store or curbside, or have them delivered.

Looking to keep better tabs on your grocery (and other) spending? Finding the right banking partner could help.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

Can you use EBT anywhere in the US?

Yes, if you qualify for EBT, you can use your benefits anywhere in the U.S.

Can EBT be used on DoorDash?

Yes, it can: DoorDash is partnering with Safeway and Albertson to enable shoppers to use EBT as payment in the app.

How much do you get for one person on SNAP?

In 2023, the average benefit for SNAP for a single person is $195 per month, though the benefit could be as high as $281.

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Photo credit: iStock/Yana Tatevosian

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2023 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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Credit default swaps (CDS) are widely used financial derivatives, or contracts, that give investors the ability to “swap” their credit risk with another investor. They’re a popular type of investment, especially for institutional investors.

Investors use CDS for many types of credit investments, including mortgage-backed securities, junk bonds, collateralized debt obligations, corporate bonds, emerging market bonds, and municipal bonds.

Credit Default Swaps, Explained

Credit default swaps are the most common type of credit derivative, and they help investors reduce the risk that borrowers on the securities they own will default on their loans. To reduce their risk, the investor purchases a CDS from another investor, who will pay the lender back if the borrower defaults on the loan. There is generally an ongoing payment as part of the contract, which serves as an insurance policy.

The investments used to create credit-default swaps include many types of credit, such as mortgage-backed securities, junk bonds, collateralized debt obligations, corporate bonds, emerging market bonds, and municipal bonds. However, while the contract references a specific security or set of securities, it is not actually connected to it. Most CDS investors are institutional investors, such as hedge funds, due to the securities’ complex and risky nature.

Recommended: How to Intelligent Investors Handle Risk

The credit-default swap contract lays out the responsibilities of the seller in the event that the borrower experiences a credit event or defaults on their loan. Credit events can include failure to pay, bankruptcy, moratorium, repudiation, and obligation acceleration. If any of these events occur, the buyer of the CDS may terminate the contract and the seller will need to pay. The specifics of these credit events are outlined in the contract that both parties sign.

The agreement between the borrower and the lender is separate from the lender’s agreement with the CDS seller, in which the lender becomes the CDS buyer.

Here’s a credit default swap example: A company sells a $200 bond with a 20-year maturity term. An investor buys that bond from the company, who agrees to pay back the money to the investor plus interest within 20 years. However, the company can’t guarantee its ability to pay back that money and the interest. This is the risk involved in investing in a bond.

In order to mitigate the risk, the investor who bought the bond purchases a CDS, which guarantees they will get their investment back if the company defaults on the loan. Just as with other types of insurance, the CDS buyer makes regular payments, typically every quarter, on the contract. The CDS seller is usually a bank, insurance company, reporting dealer, or hedge fund.

These sellers protect themselves against risk by diversifying their sales into many different companies, industries, or sectors. If one of their sales falls through, they have income from all the others to carry on their business.

Riskier Credit Default Swaps

The higher the risk of default, the more expensive a CDS will be. Some investors use credit-default to speculate on the credit quality of a company. Essentially, people use the CDS system to place bets on the bond issuer through the CDS system.

Investors can also switch sides on CDS if they come to decide that a borrower might default. The CDS seller can buy its own CDS or sell it to another bank. This makes it extremely difficult to track the market and decide how to invest in it.


💡 Quick Tip: All investments come with some degree of risk — and some are riskier than others. Before investing online, decide on your investment goals and how much risk you want to take.

The Benefits of Credit Default Swaps

The main reason that people choose to buy CDS is as an insurance policy against the risks of loans in their portfolio. Using a CDS allows the investor to transfer some of the risk to the seller of the CDS or an insurance company.

The credit risk does not disappear with a CDS, the seller simply takes on that risk. However, if the borrower defaults on their loan, the seller of the CDS will default on the contract, and the debt goes back to the buyer.

One benefit of CDS is that they enable bond investors to buy into riskier ventures than they otherwise would, since they know they have some protection. This helps funds go towards innovative and unexplored ideas, which help grow the economy and solve world problems.

Recommended: Pros and Cons of High Yield Bond Investing

Downsides of Credit Default Swaps

Although there are several benefits to credit default swaps, they have some significant downsides as well. CDS are an investment focused on managing risk, and it can be difficult to figure out which ones are safer investments due to the complexities of the market.

Introduced in 1994, the CDS market went largely unregulated until the financial crisis of 2008, and was a key contributor to the problems that led up to it. Since it wasn’t regulated, CDS sellers often did not have the money available to pay the buyer in the case of a default. Many sellers only held a fraction of what would be needed to pay back all their buyers.

As long as nobody defaulted, this system worked, but in 2008, this resulted in a massive financial meltdown. Large scale sellers of CDS, including some of the largest financial institutions in the United States were unable to make good on theirCDS contracts, creating a wave of economic effects around the world and requiring multiple bailouts by the Federal Reserve.

Dodd-Frank Reforms

After the 2008 financial crisis, regulators stepped in to try and prevent the same thing from happening again.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform Act of 2010 required the regulation of swaps by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission. It also mandated reporting of all credit-default swaps and imposed capital requirements on CDS sellers.

The Takeaway

Credit-default swaps are complicated securities, but some institutional investors can use them to reduce the risk of other investments or to bet that another company might be close to default.

While credit-default swaps are complex investments, they may have a place in a diversified portfolio. However, due to their complexity, it may be a good idea to consult with a financial professional before diving in.

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