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More than half to two-thirds of people who attend college take on debt — most often in the tens of thousands of dollars. According to the Federal Reserve, in 2021 the median amount of outstanding education debt was between $20,000 to $24,999 .

Federal student loans are one option for students looking to borrow to help pay for their education. In the case that federal loans aren’t enough, private student loans could be considered. Finding a reputable lender is essential when entering a long financial relationship.

Student loans are often the first major debt a young adult signs their name to, so evaluating potential lenders is a good first step when considering a private student loan.

There are some general considerations to keep in mind when evaluating private student loan lenders. Keep in mind these are general considerations when deciding between private student loan providers and not an exhaustive list.

Each potential borrower will need to consider her or his own financial situation to help make an informed decision.

1. First Things First: Reputation Before Rate

Before even considering the interest rates, savvy students look for indicators that a loan company is legitimate. Bottom-of-the-barrel interest rates might seem attractive, but if the bargain comes at the price of doing business with a dubious company, potential borrowers may want to steer clear.

Several options are available for researching a lender’s reputation. The Better Business Bureau or the local chamber of commerce are good first places to check.

Look up the name of the lender and the parent company, if there is one, to find any reviews that might be available. If nothing is found on these channels, a general search online often yields news stories or first-hand accounts pulled from multiple sources that can help paint a picture of how the lender treats customers.

Other ways to verify reputation and legitimacy are by checking any accreditations, endorsements by other credible entities, and backing by established institutions.

It’s also worth talking to recent grads and trusted colleagues. What lender do they use? What has their experience been? While anecdotal advice adds color, though, it shouldn’t be the bulk of research.

2. What Rates Are Offered?

Another factor to consider is a lender’s interest rate. The higher the interest rate, the more money the borrower will pay on top of the loan amount — it’s how the lender makes money. For example, private student loans can be fixed vs. variable and have a wide range of interest rates.

Variable Rate

A loan with a variable interest rate — also known as a floating rate — changes interest rates over time. When and how the interest rate changes depend on the terms of the loan and will vary from lender to lender. Typically, the rate is tied to a specific index and will impact monthly loan payment amounts. A rate cap is generally outlined in the terms of your loan. This is the highest the interest rate may rise.

Fixed Rate

A fixed-interest-rate loan carries an interest percentage that does not change over the life of the loan. The interest rate at the start of the loan stays the same until the loan is repaid.

Choosing Between Variable or Fixed Interest

Variable rate loans may seem attractive because the initial rates are often lower than fixed-rate loans. However, since rates will fluctuate, variable rate loans can be more costly in the long run, especially if a borrower has the loan for a lengthy period of time.

Borrowers who wish to lock in one rate and the same monthly payment each month are generally better served with fixed-rate loans. Because the interest rate doesn’t change, monthly payments will stay the same, which can help with budget planning and financial management.

3. What Are the Loan Terms?

The term refers to the length of time a borrower has to repay the loan. In general, the longer the loan term, the more interest a borrower will pay.

Shorter term lengths usually have higher monthly payments than longer term loans, as the loan has to be repaid at an accelerated schedule. Some lenders may offer flexible repayment options. Other lenders may have fixed term lengths and monthly payments.

When deciding between lenders, verifying available term lengths and options can help borrowers select a lender that offers terms that fit their budget and repayment timeline.

4. In-School Repayment Options

Will you be required to make payments on the loan while you are actively enrolled in school? Be sure to find out what the lender’s policies are. Some private lenders will allow borrowers to defer their payments while they are enrolled in school. Using in-school deferment can be helpful if you are tight on money as a college student. But, during this time interest will likely continue to accrue on the loan, which may increase the cost of borrowing over the life of the loan.

Other in-school payment options include making interest-only payments or making flat-fee payments each month. Understanding whether or not you’ll be required to make payments while you are in school is important as it can have an impact on how you manage your money as a student. Review the options offered by your chosen lender closely. For more information on college budgeting ideas and more, check out SoFi’s Ca$h Course: A Student’s Guide to Money.

5. Have You Exhausted Your Federal Loan Options?

A quick check before applying for private student loans: Did you take advantage of any available federal student loans? They offer several benefits not found with private student loans. Here’s a brief overview of some of the benefits and protections offered for federal student loans, but not private student loans:

•   Interest Rates. Federal student loans generally have a lower interest rate than private student loans. Interest rates on federal student loans are fixed and are set annually by Congress.

•   Repayment Plans. Federal student loan borrowers have a few different repayment options to choose from, including income-driven repayment plans that can help make loan payments more manageable.

•   Loan Forgiveness. Borrowers who work in public service or other qualified professions may qualify for loan forgiveness through programs like Public Service Loan forgiveness or Teacher Loan Forgiveness.

•   Loan Deferment and Forbearance Options. Loan deferment and forbearance options may be available as a temporary relief if a borrower is having trouble making payments.

•   Subsidized Loans. Undergraduate students who exhibit financial need may qualify for Direct Subsidized Loans. The government covers interest charges on this type of loan while the borrower is enrolled in school, during the loan’s grace period and during other qualified periods of deferment.

For these reasons, borrowers are encouraged to consider federal student loan options before opting for a private student loan. But, as mentioned, there are borrowing limits associated with federal student loans. And in some situations, private student loans can be a helpful tool to help borrowers pay for their college education.

6. What Fees Are Associated with the Loan?

No one likes additional fees, especially when they’re associated with a loan. Unfortunately, lender fees are not uncommon. Reading the fine print and speaking with loan representatives to understand the fees each lender charges is an important part of the search process.

Charges may include application fees, late fees, insufficient fund fees, and origination fees. Understanding which lenders charge fees can help if you are interested in avoiding student loan fees. When comparing loans from different lenders, be sure to review the APR, or annual percentage rate, associated with the loan. The APR is a reflection of the interest rate and any additional fees, so it is more representative of the total cost of the loan than comparing interest rates alone.

7. What Happens if Your Financial Situation Changes?

Unpredictable circumstances happen all the time. In recent years, recessions, pandemics, and natural disasters count among the various catastrophes impacting people all over the world. Circumstances like these — along with many others — can put a dent in your finances.

For borrowers, a change such as a job loss might mean the difference between paying their student loan bill for the month — or not. Because financial circumstances are prone to change, a borrower may want to compare private student loan lenders.

How flexible are the lenders with monthly payments? Do steep late fees pile on if a borrower can’t make a monthly payment? What happens if a borrower needs to refinance or decrease monthly payments? These are all questions to consider and discuss with potential lenders.

Lenders that lack flexibility can mean the difference between thousands of extra dollars of debt if unforeseen circumstances change your finances and you’re unable to make your payments.

8. Does the Lender Offer any Incentives or Perks?

Once the serious stuff is considered, such as reputation, interest rates, term, and fees, there’s room to evaluate lenders on what else they can offer. Some lenders, like SoFi, offer career services and rate discounts.

Others may offer bundled banking so borrowers can have all financial services in one place. There also may be referral fees a borrower can earn for recommending the lender to others.

While the perk factor probably shouldn’t carry the heaviest weight in your comparison, it still might be worthwhile to evaluate.

9. Customer Service Quality

Finally, consider the company’s customer service quality and reputation. Should you run into any issues during repayment, a company with excellent customer service can make a difference.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau operates an online complaint database. Here, you’re able to read any online complaints associated with a particular company in order to make a more educated decision concerning their customer service reputation.

The Takeaway

Once you complete your research and comparison shopping, you may be ready to apply for a loan to pay for your education. With SoFi private student loans, undergrads and grad students can apply for a no-fee loan. That includes no application fee, no origination fees, no insufficient fund fees, or late fees.

For further savings, SoFi also offers an interest rate deduction if you enroll in automated payments from your checking or savings account.

SoFi private student loans have flexible repayment options and a simple, online application.

FAQ

What are typical private student loan interest rates?

As of August 2022, interest rates on private student loans may range from 3.22% to 13.95% fixed and 0.94% to 12.99% variable. Keep in mind that interest rates can vary from lender to lender and are based on the individual applicant’s financial history, income, and credit score, among other factors.

Can you start repaying student loans while still enrolled in school?

Yes, you can start repaying student loans while you are enrolled in school. For most federal student loans, students enrolled in school at least half-time are not required to make payments on their loan but have the option to do so.

For private student loans, the policy will depend on the loan terms and conditions. Some private lenders offer in-school deferment options while others may require in-school loan payments.

Do student loans have prepayment penalties?

Do student loans have prepayment penalties?

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SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Money for college doesn’t grow on trees. Or does it? Every year, billions of dollars wait to be plucked from the branches by college students seeking merit-based aid.

The National Merit Scholarship Program alone plans to award more than $28 million in spring 2022. Merit aid is awarded to students based on factors outside of just financial need. These awards generally factor in a student’s skill or ability for a certain specialty.

Brainiacs merit recognition, but a student can earn merit aid based on talent in athletics and other interests, including puppetry and vegetarianism, as well as lineage.

So what’s the catch?

Patience, diligence, and timing come into play. This guide can help students who are starting the search for merit-based aid.

What Is Merit Aid?

College aid can generally be broken down into two categories:

Need-based. Eligibility for need-based aid is based solely on the ability to pay for college. Students can look for state, possibly school, and federal aid by filling out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, commonly known as the FAFSA®, sharing information about income and assets.

Merit-based. Merit-based aid takes factors beyond financial need into account. According to the Department of Education, merit-based “means that something is based on a student’s skill or ability.”

Students can qualify for merit-based aid, often referred to as merit-based scholarships, with a variety of factors.

Scholarship money does not have to be paid back — it’s a gift. Merit aid can be a one-time payment, or it could be renewable year after year, depending on eligibility and terms of the aid.

Depending on a student’s financial needs, merit aid could cover part or all of their education costs. It might be just one component of a larger financial aid package.

Merit aid can be awarded for both undergraduate and graduate programs, and could be anything from a couple of hundred dollars for books and supplies to thousands of dollars to help cover tuition.

Recommended: FAFSA Guide

Strategies to Find Colleges that Offer Merit Aid

Not all schools offer merit aid. However, at schools where merit aid is offered, on average 22% of the student body received a merit award from the university, according to U.S. News & World Report. Here are a few tips on finding colleges that offer merit aid.

First things first, when you are creating your list of colleges you’re going to apply to — find out which of those offer merit aid. Knowing up front what options may be available to you is helpful and can be important as you prepare to pay for college.

Then, review the typical financial aid offer at your target schools. Some schools publish information on the percentage of students that receive merit aid and the average merit aid amount. Consider contacting the financial aid office if you have specific questions.

Another strategy to potentially improve your chance of merit aid — apply to schools where you are likely to get in. Since merit aid can be awarded on factors such as GPA, standardized test scores, or curriculum, being in the upper echelon of applicants could help put you at the front of the pack for earning merit aid.

In some situations, scholarship money may go unclaimed. Check out this guide to unclaimed scholarships for more information.

Which Schools Offer the Most Merit Aid?

Here’s what students can expect when it comes to merit aid from schools:

•   Generally speaking, private colleges award more merit aid than public institutions.

•   Ivy league schools don’t grant merit aid. No Ivy League institutions offer merit aid to their students. Other competitive universities, such as MIT, Stanford, and Caltech, don’t offer merit aid either.

•   Some higher-cost colleges may offer more merit aid than others. The cost of attending some schools can send a student into shock. However, some costlier schools will offer more merit-based scholarships. Oberlin College, for example, recently offered 42% of its student body merit-based aid, about $17,000 on average, to offset tuition and fees that have reached nearly $57,000.

•   Out-of-state students might be awarded more merit aid than in-state students at a public college or university. Because of the higher cost of attendance for out-of-state students, public schools may offer them merit aid to be more competitive.

•   Honors programs may offer more merit aid. State school honors programs can sometimes come with tuition discounts, or academic scholarships for students who get into the prestigious programs.

Keeping these trends in mind could help students think more strategically about where they’ll attend college based on the chances of being awarded merit aid from the schools.

How to Apply for Merit Aid

While merit scholarships are often referred to as “free money” when it comes to funding education, there is some work involved. Each scholarship will likely have its own requirements and application process, which might include personal essays, recommendations, and interviews. It’s important to read through each application carefully so it’s filled out without error.

Merit-based aid does not hinge on the financial need of the student or family, so should you submit the FAFSA first? Some colleges require students to fill out the FAFSA in order to be considered for school-based scholarships, including those awarded based on academic merit.

Plus, filling out the FAFSA could help you qualify for other types of financial aid, such as need-based Pell Grants or Direct Unsubsidized Loans. A quick aside to note that federal loans offer benefits and protections not necessarily afforded to private student loans. Since the FAFSA is free to fill out, it’s generally worth taking the time to see what other types of aid you qualify for. If financial aid and merit awards aren’t enough, private student loans could help.

Recommended: Private Student Loan Guide

Generally, you won’t need to fill out the FAFSA as a prerequisite for applying for a private merit scholarship.

If you’re not sure about the requirements at your school, it can be worthwhile to call the college admissions office to see if a financial aid application is required to apply for any merit scholarships at that school.

When evaluating merit scholarships from other private sources, keep in mind that each one may have different application requirements and deadlines. Some deadlines may be as early as a year before college starts.

Finding Merit Aid Awards for College

Colleges and universities award merit aid, but there are many other ways to find scholarships, including private organizations and state-level scholarship search tools and directories.

You can learn about private merit scholarships by using search engines like CollegeBoard.org, Fastweb.com, and Scholarships.com. In addition, it can be helpful to talk to your school guidance counselor and the leaders of any organizations you participate in to suss out merit scholarships.

Consider exploring a few of the following avenues when seeking merit aid opportunities:

•   Local groups. Local clubs or foundations offer scholarships. Community chapters of the Lions Club or Rotary Club offer aid for students seeking higher education. Because there’s a smaller pool of applicants, local merit scholarships may even be less competitive.

•   Cultural organizations. Students from minority backgrounds have an opportunity for specific merit aid. Students of Native American descent, those who identify as LGBTQ, and women might qualify for scholarships.

•   Foundations and nonprofits. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation offers full scholarships for those who qualify. Local nonprofits or educational foundations might offer small awards to students as well.

•   Businesses. National companies, such as Google , offer generous merit aid.

•   Niche interests and programs. Students who have an interest or hobby can search for merit aid surrounding it. Everything from greeting card creators to puppetry enthusiasts and promoters of vegetarianism have a chance to capitalize on their passions.

Once a student is granted merit aid, the funding might be directly credited to the school to pay for tuition, room, board, or other costs. Or the aid might come directly to the recipient via check. The size of the awards will vary, but seeking out aid in unexpected places can help drive down the cost of education.

Some Cautions About Merit Aid

Merit aid can be incredibly helpful for students paying for college. But, it’s important to understand the full picture of the merit aid awards you receive. Understand the terms of the aid award, and any ongoing eligibility requirements outlined by the scholarship or grant.

For example, is the award for one year? Or is it an annual award over your college education? If it is a merit award to cover each year of college, are there ongoing eligibility requirements such as maintaining a minimum GPA?

Understanding how and when the merit aid awards you earned are paid out can be important to help you avoid financial surprises, like suddenly losing your merit scholarship, down the road. College students will be facing a lot of financial-firsts on their journey. Take a look at SoFi’s Ca$h Course: A Student’s Guide to Money with even more tips and strategies on managing your finances through college.

The Takeaway

A pot brimming with billions of dollars in college merit aid sits waiting every year. Stellar students and athletes come to mind as popular recipients, but merit scholarships are awarded based on other talents, too. To apply, deadlines and details require attention.

Merit aid might just be a piece of the puzzle, depending on the size and terms of the scholarship. Once federal and merit aid options have been exhausted, an undergraduate private student loan may help bridge any gaps.

Private student loans from SoFi offer competitive interest rates for qualifying borrowers, and have no fees, and flexible repayment plans. With an all-online application, SoFi private student loans come with membership benefits and resources.

A SoFi private student loan might merit a look.

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SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. SoFi Bank, N.A. and its lending products are not endorsed by or directly affiliated with any college or university unless otherwise disclosed.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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