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Weddings are notoriously expensive, with the current median cost hovering around $10,000 according to SoFi’s most recent data. Some couples will spend multiples of that amount.

But it’s not all about the dollars and cents: Weddings are also an important and romantic day in a couple’s life. Who foots the bill for this party has changed over the years. Below, learn who pays for which wedding expenses in 2025 and beyond — and who traditionally paid in previous generations.

Who Pays for the Wedding in 2025?

In the past, it’s been the tradition for the bride’s family to pay for nearly the entire wedding, and the groom’s family to pick up smaller expenses such as the rehearsal dinner. In some cases, families still follow these traditions, but increasingly people are embracing new ways of covering these costs.

Nowadays, wedding expenses can be split any number of ways, and couples are exploring many different ways to pay for their big day:

•   Independent couples may decline help from parents and instead pay out of pocket or borrow money to cover the wedding costs.

•   Both families and the bride and groom may decide to split the costs. Sometimes grandparents or other extended family members will offer to pay for a portion of the wedding.

•   If the groom comes from a wealthier family, his parents may chip in beyond their traditional requirements.

•   Since the legalization of same-sex marriage in the United States, LGBTQ+ couples are creating their own traditions.

That’s the beauty of your wedding day: It’s yours. Many brides and grooms are embracing the fact that they no longer have to follow outdated customs if they don’t want to.

For others, however, tradition matters — and that’s okay, too. If you’re planning to follow cultural traditions when funding your wedding, how do you split the bill?

Here’s a breakdown of who traditionally pays for the wedding and other related expenses.

The Bride’s Family

Historically, the bride’s family pays for most of the wedding expenses. Depending on the size and extravagance of the wedding, it can add up.

If you’re the parents of the bride who plan to foot the bill, but you don’t have enough money in savings, it might be worth taking out a personal loan to cover the wedding expenses. In the long run, it’s typically a cheaper option than putting everything on a credit card.

While the bride’s family traditionally takes care of many of the wedding expenses they don’t pay for everything. And every wedding is a little different. You may choose to skip certain items or events (and you may find yourself adding, too). Here’s what the bride’s family typically covers:

Expenses the Bride’s Family Is Traditionally Responsible For

•   Engagement announcements

•   Engagement party

•   Wedding planner

•   Invitations, save-the-dates, and wedding programs

•   Venue for the ceremony

•   Venue for the reception

•   Flowers and decorations

•   Wedding photographer and videographer

•   Wedding dress

•   Transportation and lodging for the bridesmaids

•   Transportation and lodging for the officiant

•   Food at the reception

•   Wedding cake

•   Brunch the morning after the wedding

Recommended: Personal Loans for Wedding Financing

The Groom’s Family

If you have only sons and think you’re off the hook, don’t get too excited. You still have to cover some costs at the wedding as the parents of the groom.

Though less extensive, the groom’s family’s financial burdens can add up. Personal loans are also an option for the groom’s family; in fact, weddings are one of the most common uses for personal loans.

Here’s everything the groom’s family traditionally pays for at a wedding.

Expenses the Groom’s Family Is Traditionally Responsible For

•   Rehearsal dinner

•   Marriage license

•   Officiant’s fee

•   Boutonnieres for the groom, his groomsmen, and family members

•   Bouquets for the bride and bridesmaids

•   DJ or band

•   Transportation and lodging for the groomsmen

•   Alcohol at the reception

•   Honeymoon (in some cases)

The Bride

Many women have dreamed of their wedding days since childhood. But as little girls, they probably didn’t think much about the actual wedding costs they’d have to pay themselves — and there are quite a few.

Expenses the Bride Is Traditionally Responsible For

Traditionally, the bride pays for her future husband’s wedding ring, as well as a special gift for him. She may also buy gifts for her bridesmaids. In some cases, she’ll pay for the flowers, and she usually pays for her own hair and makeup.

Nowadays, however, brides may step up and pay more to help out her parents. Many brides choose to do this in part so that they can feel like they have more say in determining the plans for their special day.

People are also getting married later than they did in past generations (the average age for women is now 28 and for a man it’s 30), which means brides (and grooms) may feel more financially capable of covering the expenses themselves.

The Groom

The groom isn’t off the hook either. At weddings, he’s responsible for a few purchases as well.

And even though he and the bride may have separate wedding responsibilities, as a newly married couple they are likely planning to combine their finances, if they haven’t already. Even if they don’t have a joint bank account, the bride and groom are essentially covering their wedding expenses together.

Recommended: Personal Loan Calculator

Expenses the Groom Is Traditionally Responsible For

The first big expense a groom encounters is the one that sets the whole wedding in motion: the engagement ring. The average cost of an engagement ring is now about $5,200, according to the wedding website The Knot. Grooms who don’t have that kind of cash lying around often turn to engagement ring financing options, including personal loans.

While the ring is often the groom’s biggest expense, he’s also responsible for the bride’s wedding band, gifts for his groomsmen, a gift for his bride, his own tux, and the honeymoon — if his parents aren’t footing the bill. (The average cost of a honeymoon is now $5,300.)

Some grooms may also pay for the license and officiant, instead of asking his parents to cover that cost.

Who Pays for Other Wedding Costs

There is also the cost of being in someone’s wedding. For instance, groomsmen and bridesmaids are typically responsible for paying for their own tuxedos and dresses.

These two groups also pay for the bachelorette and bachelor parties for the bride and groom. Bridesmaids may also need to pay for their hair and makeup on the big day.

As someone attending a wedding, you should give a gift, unless the couple has discouraged this. And if it’s a destination wedding, you’ll have to pay your own travel costs, which can include hotels and transportation.

Wedding Costs

Now we know who traditionally pays for what at weddings — and that many modern couples are foregoing these traditions. But how much does a wedding cost?

Currently, the median cost of a wedding is $10,000, according to a recent SoFi survey. For couples who are paying without their families’ help, a personal loan is the best route, if they don’t have the money in savings or have that money earmarked for buying a house or starting a family.

Are you considering taking out a loan to cover the cost of your wedding? Research the typical personal loan requirements you’ll need for approval.

The Takeaway

Weddings are expensive, and traditions usually put the bulk of the financial burden on the bride’s family. However, many couples are breaking from tradition nowadays, paying for wedding expenses themselves or splitting the cost among family members more evenly — or in a way that reflects each family’s means. However you choose to divide the cost, ways to pay for a wedding can include savings, family contributions, and personal loans.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.

SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.

FAQs

Who pays for the wedding reception?

Traditionally, the bride’s family pays for most of the wedding reception, including the venue, food, and decorations. However, the groom’s family usually pitches in by covering the music and the alcohol. Increasingly, couples are choosing to pay for their wedding receptions themselves or splitting the cost with their parents.

Who pays for the engagement party?

The bride’s family is traditionally responsible for paying for the engagement party. Nowadays, however, engaged couples often pay for such parties on their own.

How much does a wedding cost?

The median cost of a wedding is currently around $10,000, but the average price tag can be a multiple of that, reflecting the impact of high-priced weddings on the data.

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Photo credit: iStock/Halfpoint

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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The cost to replace a chimney typically ranges from $3,100 to $15,400, depending on the type and size of the chimney. As of 2025, the average expense is about $9,300, according to the home improvement site Angi. You can install a smaller or prefabricated chimney for $1,000 to $5,000, but a full masonry chimney replacement cost can reach $15,000 or more.

Below, explore new chimney cost factors, break down labor and materials expenses, discuss financing options, and help you determine if you might be able to replace the chimney yourself.

Chimney Replacement Costs: An Overview

How much does a chimney replacement cost? Anywhere from $3,100 to $15,400 on average, as of late 2025. A full chimney replacement is on the higher end of that range while a partial replacement — or a basic prefab chimney installation — is on the lower end.

In some cases, it might be possible to repair the chimney instead of replacing it. Chimney repair costs typically cost $455, though it varies depending on the extent of the damage.

Recommended: The Ultimate Home Maintenance Checklist

Full Chimney Replacement

A full chimney replacement costs between $5,000 and $10,000 — or up to $20,000 in some cases. Prefabricated chimneys are the lowest-cost option. You’ll pay moderate prices for a metal chimney and the highest prices for a brick chimney.

Partial Chimney Replacement (Rebuild)

You may only need to replace part of a chimney, like the stack, which extends above the roof. In other cases, you may need to pay for the repair of specific elements, like collapsing mortar, a damaged chimney crown, or a cracked flue.

Partial chimney replacement costs may typically range from $1,500 and $4,000 per job.

Recommended: Home Improvement Calculator

Chimney Installation Labor Cost

Labor makes up a large portion of the cost to replace a chimney. Depending on your geographic location, if you can reach the chimney by ladder or you need scaffolding, and the type of chimney being installed, labor rates may range from $50 to $75 or more per hour for an experienced mason.

You will usually need to hire a structural engineer before the mason can begin their work, which adds to your overall labor costs. Depending on where you live, that can cost around $300 to $800.

Chimney Installation Material Costs

Material costs vary depending on the type of chimney being replaced, rebuilt, or repaired. Prefab chimneys have lower material costs while masonry chimneys require more expensive materials like bricks and mortar.

Chimney Installation Cost Financing

Paying for a new chimney — or even a more basic chimney repair — can be difficult on a tight budget. If you don’t have the money in emergency savings, you can explore other options like:

•   A payment plan with the contractor: Ask the contractor if they can set you up with a payment plan over a set number of months, rather than requiring the full payment all at once. Costs may be higher if you go this route.

•   A credit card: Some contractors will let you pay with a credit card but be careful. Your credit card may have a high APR or annual percentage rate, and if you can’t afford to pay the full bill at the end of the month, you could end up paying a lot of interest, which will make the new chimney even more expensive.

•   A home improvement loan: Home improvement loans are a low-cost option for homeowners. These personal loans typically have a lower interest rate than your credit card, and you can choose repayment terms — often three to five years — that make sense for your budget. A personal loan can be a cost-effective way to pay for common home repair costs.

•   Home equity loans: Homeowners can also tap into their home equity with a home equity loan or home equity line of credit (HELOC).

Before you decide on the best financing option, you will want to compare the difference between home equity loans vs. home improvement loans.

Can I Replace the Chimney Myself?

A chimney replacement requires special skills and training. A lot can go wrong if you install or repair a chimney incorrectly. It could become a fire hazard or potentially collapse. No matter your DIY skills, we highly recommend hiring a qualified mason to tackle all repairs and replacements.

What Factors Impact a Chimney Replacement Price?

Several factors can impact your overall chimney replacement cost, including:

•   Permits needed: You’ll almost always need to get a permit for larger chimney replacement projects. Permit costs vary depending on your state and municipality.

•   Level of work required: Wholesale chimney replacements cost significantly more than minor work. For example, chimneys may just require some repointing or tuckpointing to keep them in good shape, or you may need to replace the crown or cap or only rebuild the stack. If you have to replace the whole chimney, it may require demolition, which can be expensive. Talk with your contractor about the extent of the work to get a better idea of the total chimney installation cost.

•   Type of chimney: Prefab chimneys are the most affordable to install. You’ll spend more to replace a metal chimney, but the most expensive type of chimney to replace is a brick one.

•   Size and location: Larger chimneys will cost more to replace than small ones. Chimneys that are easy to access (by ladder, for example) are also more affordable to repair or replace. If the positioning of the chimney makes it harder for the contractor to access, labor costs will be higher.

Signs Your Chimney Needs to Be Replaced

How do you know when it’s time to replace your chimney? Here are a few signs to watch for:

1.    Crumbling brick: If the brick is visibly crumbling or deteriorating, call a mason quickly to determine the extent of the damage and begin the repair or replacement work.

2.    Leaks: If your chimney is the source of leaks (look for water damage to the surrounding walls and ceiling), it’s time to call a contractor to look at it.

3.    Cracks: It’s good practice to have your chimney inspected each year. During the inspection, the contractor will look for large cracks. If they are found, it could be a sign that it’s time to repair or replace the chimney.

The Takeaway

Chimney replacement costs can range from $3,100 to $15,400 as of 2025 — it’s not a cheap project, but luckily, it’s also not a common one. Get your chimney inspected every year, and keep up with regular maintenance and cleaning. Unless there’s unexpected storm damage or the chimney is old, you may not have to replace the chimney the entire time you live in your home.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.

SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.

FAQ

How long does it take to replace a chimney?

Basic chimney repairs can be fairly quick: A professional should be able to repair a partially damaged chimney in one to four days. Significant damage may lead to longer timelines — in some cases, it might take weeks to repair and rebuild a chimney.

Can I replace my chimney myself, or do I need to hire a professional?

Replacing and repairing a chimney requires specialized knowledge, skills, and equipment, not to mention physical strength. If you make even a small mistake when replacing your chimney, you might accidentally cause a leak, inadvertently create a fire hazard, or build a structurally unsound chimney that could collapse. Always hire a professional for this work.

What qualifications should I look for in a chimney replacement contractor?

When looking for a contractor to work on your chimney, always confirm that they are licensed and insured. You should also verify that they’re certified by the Chimney Safety Institute of America. Ask the contractors if they offer warranties or guarantees for their work and read reviews online to make sure they provide quality services. You can also ask them for references.

How do I compare quotes from different chimney replacement contractors?

When comparing quotes, look not just at the overall cost but also the timeline to ensure they can replace your chimney quickly, if needed. Also verify what is and isn’t covered in the quote. For example, has the contractor included the necessary permits, or is that a separate cost not part of the estimate?

Are there permits or inspections required for chimney replacement, and how much do they cost?

When replacing a chimney, you almost always will need to get a permit and an inspection. The costs will vary depending on where you live, but you might pay up to $800 for an inspection by a structural engineer, and permits can cost a couple of hundred dollars or more than $1,000 depending on the scope of work and location.

How often should I replace my chimney, and what factors affect its lifespan?

A well-built chimney should last several generations of homeowners. If you do replace your chimney, you likely won’t need to replace it again as long as you’re in that house.That said, certain elements may need to be repaired or replaced more frequently. Chimney liners, for instance, last 15 to 20 years, and mortar lasts 25 to 30 years. Extreme weather, like high and low temperatures, hail, and earthquakes, may shorten a chimney’s lifespan, as can exposure to water.

What are the risks of not replacing a chimney that is in disrepair?

If you ignore the signs that it’s time to replace or repair your chimney, you’re exposing your home to considerable risk. Water could more easily get into your home, leading to mold and mildew. Walls, ceilings, and floors could deteriorate over time, and the inner workings of your chimney would be exposed to rust. Eventually, your chimney might collapse, leading to much more expensive and extensive structural damage to your home.

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Photo credit: iStock/AntonioSolano

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) is a form that incoming and returning college students (and their parents) need to fill out to be considered for federal financial aid. The FAFSA helps students qualify for federal grants and loans, such as the Pell Grant and Federal Direct Subsidized Loans. States and colleges also use the FAFSA to determine eligibility for grants and scholarships.

Unfortunately, the FAFSA is known for being a long, tedious, and complex form to fill out. To help ease confusion — and encourage more families to fill out the form — the Department of Education rolled out a new streamlined and simplified FAFSA for the 2025-26 school year on November 21, 2024 (a delay from the usual October 1).

The simplified FAFSA also ushers in a new formula to determine who will qualify for aid and how much they’ll receive. Here’s what you need to know about the FAFSA changes, plus other updates to financial aid.

Why Is the FAFSA Changing?

The Department of Education has long fielded concerns about the complexity and length of the FAFSA. As a result, Congress passed legislation in 2020 — called the FAFSA Simplification Act (FSA) — to make the FAFSA easier for students and their families to complete. The act not only overhauls the FAFSA form, dramatically reducing the number of questions, but also changes the methodologies and formulas used for determining federal student aid eligibility.

The new provisions were designed to be implemented in the 2023-24 school year but, due to delays, the Department of Education has been using a phased approach, with only a few of the new rules appearing on the October 1, 2022, FAFSA. The remaining provisions are set to go into effect for the 2025-26 award year. The new form became available on November 21, 2024.

2025-2026 FAFSA Updates

The FAFSA updates include a shorter, simpler-to-fill-out form, along with changes in how your financial aid is calculated. Below, we break it all down.

Shorter Form/Fewer Questions

A major FAFSA change is that the form itself will shrink from an intimidating 108 questions to no more than 46 questions (though some will have multiple parts). The actual number of questions you’ll need to answer (which could be less than 46) will depend on your financial situation. The new form also makes it easier to import income data from your tax records.

The Department of Education is hoping that a shorter, simpler form will encourage more students and their families to fill out a FAFSA and increase access to financial aid.

Questions About Selective Service and Drug Convictions Dropped

The new FAFSA eliminates any questions about whether a student has had any drug-related convictions. A drug conviction will no longer prevent students from receiving Pell Grants. (This was enacted in the 2023-24 award year.)

In addition, the Selective Service registration — which required male students under 26 to enroll in the draft — was removed as part of the FAFSA Simplification Act. This was taken off the FAFSA in 2021. Students are no longer required to register for Selective Service to receive federal aid.

Other Demographic Questions Added

In the 2024-25 year, the Department of Education also added a new demographic survey to the signature and submission portion of the FAFSA. Students will fill in certain demographic information, such as their gender, race, and ethnicity before submitting the form. These questions are solely for research purposes (to create statistics on who is and is not applying) and are not factored into aid decisions. While you must fill out the demographic survey, you are allowed to decline the answers.

EFC Becomes SAI

The new FAFSA renames the current Expected Family Contribution (EFC) to the Student Aid Index (SAI). This went into effect for the 2024-25 FAFSA and will be carried over to the 2025-26 FAFSA.

The EFC is a number that colleges use to determine a family’s financial need relative to other applicants. The name, however, caused confusion, since the EFC doesn’t actually represent the amount a family will have to contribute (or pay) for college. You could end up spending more, or less, than your EFC.

Besides the name change, there are a few differences in how EFC/SAI will be calculated. Here are some notable updates:

•  EFC factored in the number of family members in college but SAI does not. Families with more than one child in college no longer have an advantage in receiving aid.

•  The lowest EFC an applicant could receive was $0. The SAI can go as low as -$1,500, making it easier to more accurately determine an applicant’s financial need.

•  SAI will increase the Income Protection Allowance (IPA) that shelters a certain amount of parental income from inclusion in the calculation of total income.

Recommended: 31 Facts About FAFSA for Parents

Getting a Pell Grant Becomes Easier

The FAFSA Simplification Act, which took effect in the 2024-25 FAFSA year, increases the number of students eligible for a Pell Grant. The maximum awards will now go to all families who fall below the income thresholds for tax filing, or who have adjusted gross incomes below 225% (single) or 175% (married) of the poverty line. In addition, the Act restores Pell Grant eligibility to incarcerated students.

Students will also be able to estimate their eligibility for the grant before they complete the FAFSA.

Introduced the Term “Contributors”

A new term by the Department of Education — contributors — has been introduced for the 2025-26 FAFSA. A contributor is anyone required to provide information on the FAFSA, including the student, the student’s spouse, the student’s parents, and others.

Keep in mind that each contributor will need their own FSA ID, and it’s recommended to set this up a few days before completing the FAFSA.

How Will the FAFSA Changes Affect Students?

The new FAFSA will save time and headaches for all applicants. For many students and their families, the FAFSA changes will also mean more aid. For some, however, the changes will mean less help from the government.

Many families, especially low-income families, will likely get more aid, due to more generous formulas. For example, the IPA will increase by 20% for parents, up to about $2,400 (35%) for most students, and up to about $6,500 (60%) for students who are single parents.

In addition, more families will be eligible for the Pell Grants. Previously, families with incomes higher than $60,000 were generally ineligible for a Pell Grant. Now, students from families earning between $60,000 and $70,000 will likely receive some Pell Grant funding.

On the downside, the number of kids a family has in college will no longer be factored into the formula for the parent allowance. Indeed, families with multiple children in college at the same time may find that they will get less financial aid than they are used to.

Recommended: I Didn’t Get Enough Financial Aid: Now What?

When Does the 2025-2026 FAFSA Become Available?

The FAFSA traditionally opens on October 1 for the following academic year. This year, due to the FAFSA updates taking longer than expected, the Department of Education’s Office of Federal Student Aid released the 2025-26 FAFSA on November 21, 2024.

Even if you’ve filled out the FAFSA in the past, you need to complete a FAFSA every year to unlock federal student loans, grants, work-study, and even some private scholarships.

Once you submit the new FAFSA, you’ll receive your FAFSA Submission Summary, which details the information you included on the application and your SAI.

Cash vs. Private Student Loans: Which One Is Better?

Whatever cash you or your family members can save for college will benefit you in the long run, since it will mean borrowing less and paying less in interest. Therefore, cash is king when it comes to paying for college.

However, if you don’t have enough cash for college, you’re far from alone — and you still have plenty of funding options. By filling out the FAFSA, you may be able to access federal aid, including grants, scholarships, work-study, federal subsidized loans (no interest charged while you are in school), and federal unsubsidized loans (interest accrues while you are in school).

If you still have gaps in funding, you may be able to fill them with a private student loan. These loans are available through banks, credit unions, and online lenders. Each lender sets its own interest rate and you can often choose to go with a fixed or variable rate. Unlike federal loans, qualification is not need-based. However, you will need to undergo a credit check and students often need a cosigner.

If a student (or their cosigner) has excellent credit, it may actually be possible to get a private student loan with a lower interest rate than a federal loan, particularly if you’re looking at federal PLUS loans for parents or graduate students, which carry higher rates than federal loans for undergraduate students.

Just keep in mind that private student loans may not offer the same protections, such as income-based repayment plans, that automatically come with federal student loans.

The Takeaway

When the new simplified FAFSA became available at the end of 2023, it included many changes, including fewer questions and a switch from EFC to SAI (which will serve the same purpose). Some changes also took place behind the scenes, including updates to the formulas used to calculate aid eligibility. More students now qualify for Pell grants, but families with multiple children in college may see their award go down.

Specific changes to the 2025-26 FAFSA include an even more simplified version (no more than 46 questions as opposed to 108) and the introduction of the term “contributors,” which is anyone required to provide information on the FAFSA.

Filling out the FAFSA determines your eligibility for federal funding, including grants, scholarships, work-study, and federal student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

What is the FAFSA?

The FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid) is a form used by students to apply for financial aid, including grants, loans, and work-study programs, to help pay for college.

Will the FAFSA still require information about parental income?

Yes, the FAFSA will still require information about parental income, but the process will be streamlined, and some questions will be removed to make it easier to complete.

How will the new Student Aid Index (SAI) differ from the Expected Family Contribution (EFC)?

The SAI will be a more accurate measure of a family’s financial need, calculated using a different formula that aims to better reflect a student’s ability to pay for college.

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About the author

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SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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A precomputed loan is a type of personal loan. With these loans, the lender will calculate the interest owed up front and add it to the principal balance. This is different from a simple interest loan, where interest charges are determined by the principal balance month to month.

Precomputed loans typically favor lenders, and the way the interest charges are calculated is complicated. You’ll want to have a clear understanding of what you’re signing up for before you can decide if it’s the right fit for you.

What Does “Precomputed Loan” Mean?

With a precomputed loan, the lender calculates the total interest charges that would accrue over the life of the loan and then adds it to the principal balance. Your starting balance is a combination of the principal balance and the interest charges. You still make your monthly payments like other types of loans, however, the interest charges remain the same, even if you make extra or early payments on your loan.

If you make minimum payments over the life of your loan, there isn’t much difference between precomputed loans and simple interest loans. However, with a precomputed loan, it’s harder to pay off your loan early to save on interest charges. Since your balance is a combination of interest charges and principal, you can’t specify to the lender that you want to pay more to the principal balance to pay it off faster.

If you are able to pay off the loan before the loan term ends, you must ask your lender for a refund on any “unearned interest.”

Simple Interest vs Precomputed Interest

Simple interest is another way lenders calculate interest charges — it’s commonly used for mortgages, student loans, and personal loans. It’s a more straightforward way of calculating interest, where lenders multiply the principal amount by your interest rate.

When you make your monthly payment on your simple interest loan, a portion goes to paying the interest charges and the remaining amount goes toward the principal balance. At the start, you’ll be paying more in interest than principal, but as your balance gets smaller, so will the interest payments.

If you may want to pay off your loan early, a simple interest loan is a better choice because your interest is recalculated based on the shorter term.

Say that your total interest charges should be $1,200 for a 12-month loan. After nine months, you’ve paid $900 in interest, and you decide to pay off the rest of the balance in a single payment. With a simple interest loan, you wouldn’t be required to pay the remaining $300 in interest charges — that’s considered “unearned interest.”

Precomputed interest, unlike simple interest, adds the interest charged onto the principal so your total balance is a combination of interest charges and the principal balance, and you can’t tell the lender you want to make extra payment directly to the balance.

Simple Interest	Precomputed Interest
Interest charges calculated based on the principal balance each month	Interest charges calculated at the start of the loan and added to the principal
You can save money in interest charges if you pay off the loan early	Not much savings if you decide to pay off the loan early

The Rule of 78

The rule of 78 is a quirky method some lenders use to calculate interest for precomputed personal loans. (Read on to learn why it may not be used currently.) First, they add up all the months in a year, represented by numbers:

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10 + 11 + 12 = 78.

The lender then calculates how much interest you owe on a loan and distributes the charges by weighting the interest payments in reverse order.

The interest distribution schedule for a one-year precomputed loan would look like this:

Month	Interest Charge
Month 1	12/78
Month 2	11/78
Month 3	10/78
Month 4	9/78
Month 5	8/78
Month 6	7/78
Month 7	6/78
Month 8	5/78
Month 9	4/78
Month 10	3/78
Month 11	2/78
Month 12	1/78

With both simple- and precomputed-interest loans, you pay more interest charges at the start. But the big difference is you have the option to pay off the simple interest loan sooner without penalty. Unlike a precomputed loan, you can tell the lender you want to make extra payments toward the principal to pay down the loan faster.

Because of the way interest is distributed with a precomputed loan, there’s no incentive for a borrower to pay off their loan early.

Is Precomputed Interest Legal?

In 1992, the U.S. government banned precomputed loans that use the rule of 78 on terms spanning longer than 61 months. In fact, some states have outright banned using the rule of 78 for consumer loans.

Some loans that use precomputed interest are still legal, though financial institutions rarely use them. That’s because loans that use the rule of 78 are better for lenders than for consumers. Calculating the interest charges requires a complex formula, and there’s no financial incentive to pay off the loan sooner.

Precomputed Loan Amortization

As you pay off your loan, the amount of interest you pay on a precomputed loan will get smaller with each subsequent payment. In the first month of a 12-month loan, you will need to pay 12/78 of the interest charges, the second month 11/78, all the way to the last month where you pay 1/78.

For 24-month loans, you’ll pay 24/300 of the interest charges in the first month, 23/300 the second month, and so forth until you reach 1/300.

To calculate the exact amount you’ll pay each month, you’ll need the total interest charges. Then you can divide it up into the number of payments for your term using the rule of 78.

Say you took out a $7,000 loan for a 12-month term at a 7% interest rate. Assuming you’ll pay $272 in total interest for the entire loan term, here’s how the interest payments are broken down by month:

Amortization Schedule
Month	Interest Paid
1	$41.85
2	$38.35
3	$34.87
4	$31.38
5	$27.89
6	$27.41
7	$20.92
8	$17.43
9	$13.95
10	$10.46
11	$6.97
12	$3.48

You can see by looking at the chart, your interest charges get smaller each month.

Recommended: Debt Consolidation Calculator

Pros and Cons of Precomputed Interest Loans

Although precomputed interest loans seem complicated, there may be some advantages to this form of debt.

Pros of Precomputed Interest Loan	Cons of Precomputed Interest Loan
Interest is similar to a simple loan, if paid on time throughout the full loan term	There’s no financial incentive to pay off the loan early
Fixed interest rate	There’s no flexibility to pay off loan early
Typically comes with fixed payment amounts	Can be hard for borrowers to understand

How Do You Know If Your Loan Has Precomputed Interest?

You can look over your personal loan agreement to see if it has precomputed interest. Some clues to look for include whether it mentions refunding interest or anything about the rule of 78.

If you’re unsure, you should always contact the lender and ask them to explain how interest is calculated before you sign the contract.

Recommended: Secured vs. Unsecured Personal Loans — What’s the Difference?

Are Precomputed Loans Bad?

Precomputed loans aren’t necessarily bad. You’ll probably pay the same interest as with a simple loan, as long as you pay on time over the entire term of the loan. These loans can be problematic if you think you may want to pay off your loan early.

If you’re trying to save on interest, and you have the means to make extra or early payments, you may be better off avoiding precomputed loans.

Alternatives to Precomputed Loans

Instead of precomputed loans, consider these alternatives:

•  0% credit cards offer cardholders an introductory period (anywhere from 6 months to more than a year) where you can carry a balance without accruing interest. You are usually required to make a minimum payment each month. If you don’t pay off the full balance by the time the intro period ends, you’ll be charged interest.

•  Simple-interest personal loans are a form of installment loan. You can borrow a lump sum to be paid back with interest over the course of a loan’s term (usually a year or more). Lenders typically charge simple interest for these types of loans, which can be used for almost any purpose.

The Takeaway

Precomputed interest loans calculate the interest due up front and add it to the principal, which can decrease the incentive to pay off the loan early. Whatever type of loan you choose, it’s important to carefully examine your loan documents to ensure you understand what your responsibilities are as a borrower and how much you will be paying in interest charges.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.

SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.

FAQ

Is precomputed interest legal?

Yes, precomputed interest is legal, but the rule of 78 is a complicated and controversial concept that favors financial institutions. The rule of 78 is illegal for all loans over 61 months and in some states altogether.

How do you know if your loan has precomputed interest?

You can check your loan agreement to see if it mentions anything about the rule of 78 or refunds/rebates of interest charges. If you’re not sure, you should ask your lender.

What does “precomputed loan” mean?

A precomputed loan means the lender is charging you precomputed interest, which means your interest charges are added to your principal balance. The starting balance will be a total of your interest charges and principal. While you can pay off a precomputed loan early, there’s not the same financial incentive that you get when you pay off a simple interest loan early.

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Photo credit: iStock/Chainarong Prasertthai

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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A home title policy — also called title insurance — protects homeowners or lenders (depending on the type of policy) from problems stemming from title defects. Title insurance allows for a secure transfer of ownership from one party to another.

To address top questions surrounding home title policies, we’ve compiled this guide. You’ll learn:

•   What is title insurance for a home?

•   How does it work?

•   What are common title issues?

•   What does the home title policy cover?

•   What are the different types of home title policies?

By the end, you may still not be thrilled to pay this additional cost at closing, but you may understand better what it protects.

What Is a Home Title Policy?

A title policy on a home is an insurance policy that protects against title defects. Title issues aren’t common, but when they occur, the amount of money involved can be massive. Home title policies are required by lenders to protect their investment in your property. That’s right, just like mortgage insurance, it’s not really for you. In fact, these policies are also called lender’s title insurance policies.

Confusingly, you can also buy a home title policy that provides protection for you: This is called an owner’s title insurance policy. If you want to be completely protected as a homebuyer, you need to purchase both.

What could go wrong that necessitates this layer of insurance? If, for example, the seller didn’t have the full right to sell the property because there was another property owner and the title company missed this in its title report, the title company is responsible for the error. The title company could pay for litigation costs or payouts for property owners.

Title issues that could potentially arise include:

•   Existing mortgages

•   Undisclosed heirs that have claims on the property

•   Tax or construction liens

•   Property line disputes

•   Judgments involving the property, such as in the case of a divorce

•   Deeds, wills, or trusts with errors

•   Easements or encroachments that may restrict access and/or devalue the property

•   Notary mistakes

•   Errors in public records

•   Fraud and forgeries

💡 Quick Tip: Thinking of using a mortgage broker? That person will try to help you save money by finding the best loan offers you are eligible for. But if you deal directly with an online mortgage lender, you won’t have to pay a mortgage broker’s commission, which is usually based on the mortgage amount.

How Does a Home Title Policy Work?

There are two parts to a home title policy: a title search and a policy issuance. After real estate purchase contracts are written and the property is in escrow, homeowners select a title company to conduct a title search.

In the title search, the title company looks through public records for defects (or problems, like those listed previously). If the search turns up a mortgage lien issue, judgment, or other issue, it will need to be addressed before ownership can be transferred.

If the title search hasn’t revealed any issues, the title company will issue the policy when the transfer of ownership is recorded. The borrower pays a one-time fee for the home title policy in their closing costs.

Recommended: What Is Escrow?

What Does the Home Title Policy Cover?

The title search helps eliminate risk, but it’s still a possibility that title problems can arise. That’s where the title policy for a home comes in. After the policy has been issued, should any additional items come up, the title company will litigate those issues for the benefit of the lender — but only up to the amount of the loan. As the loan balance decreases, so does the amount of home title insurance coverage.

One important thing to note is the home title policy that you are usually required to get is a lender’s title insurance policy. What this means is the lender is protected against legal claims against the home. The borrower’s claim to the home — their equity — is not protected unless the borrower also purchases an owner’s title policy.

💡 Quick Tip: To see a house in person, particularly in a tight or expensive market, you may need to show the real estate agent proof that you’re preapproved for a mortgage. SoFi’s online application makes the process simple.

Home Title Policy Requirements

Home title policies aren’t required by a governing body like a city or state — they’re required by the lender. When a borrower seeks funds for a home mortgage loan, the lender has certain requirements that the borrower must meet in order for it to issue that mortgage. One of these is a lender’s home title insurance policy. Borrowers must pay for a home title policy in order to close the loan. Lenders want to make sure the property the borrower selected can legally be bought and sold and their investment is protected.

Recommended: First-Time Homebuyer Programs

Pros and Cons of a Home Title Policy

It’s worth summing up the benefits and drawbacks of a home title policy.

Pros	Cons
The title search can reveal title defects before you close on a home.	Lender’s home title policies are required.
Lender’s title insurance can pay for litigation and other costs up to the amount of the mortgage if there is an issue.	They’re expensive.
Owner’s title insurance can protect the homeowner’s equity in the home.	If it’s a lender’s home title policy only, it won’t protect the equity in your home.

When buying a home, you’ll encounter lots of different types of insurance. It’s worth taking a few minutes to familiarize yourself with the definitions.

Types of Home Title Policies

As noted above, home title policies come in two types: lender’s title insurance and owner’s title insurance.

Lender’s home title policies protect the lender from losses that come from title issues or defects. If title issues arise, the title company will cover losses or litigate for the lender up to the amount of the mortgage.

Owner’s home title policies protect the amount of equity an owner has in the home. If someone has a claim or brings suit against the title of the home, it is possible that an uninsured homeowner could lose the amount of equity they have in their home.

Fees for these policies vary widely by state. But for a typical home valued at around $400,000, you can expect to pay about $3,000 to purchase both types of title insurance and pay for title fees. Fortunately, this is a one-time cost — unlike other types of homeowners insurance you might buy, you won’t have to renew your title insurance every year.

The Takeaway

It’s not exciting to pay for a home title policy, but the expense is more palatable once you understand what it protects. If you purchase both lender’s and owner’s home title policies, you’ll be well protected in the event of an unexpected claim or ownership dispute on your new home.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

Is it worth shopping around for title insurance?

Title insurance can be costly so it is worth it to shop around. The insurer your lender typically uses might be an affiliate. So there could be a financial benefit to your lender if you use their partner company, but that doesn’t mean there will be a financial benefit to you. Comparison shopping could save you money.

What is the disadvantage of title insurance?

The chief disadvantage of title insurance is its cost, and the fact that it is usually required by a lender. Beyond that, keep in mind that lender’s title insurance only covers the lender in the event of a title problem — it doesn’t protect the equity that you have in the home. For that, you would also need an owner’s title insurance policy.

What is the difference between title and mortgage insurance?

Lender’s title insurance, which is paid for by the borrower, protects the lender in the event that a title dispute arises on the property. Mortgage insurance protects the lender in the event that the borrower defaults on the loan.

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Photo credit: iStock/Wasan Tita

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

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Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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