Jan
07
2025
Should I Put My Bonus Into My 401k? Here's What You Should Consider

Should I Put My Bonus Into My 401(k)? Here’s What You Should Consider

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off on Should I Put My Bonus Into My 401(k)? Here’s What You Should Consider

If you received a bonus and you’re wondering what to do with the bonus money, you’re not alone. Investing your bonus money in a tax-advantaged retirement account like a 401(k) has some tangible advantages. Not only will the extra cash help your nest egg to grow, you could also see some potential tax benefits.

Of course, we live in a world of competing financial priorities. You could also pay down debt, spend the money on something you need, save for a near-term goal — or splurge! The array of choices can be exciting — but if a secure future is your top goal, it’s important to consider a 401(k) bonus deferral.

Here are a few strategies to think about before you make a move.

Key Points

•   Investing a bonus in a 401(k) can significantly enhance retirement savings and offer potential tax benefits.

•   Bonuses are subject to income tax withholding, which may reduce the expected amount.

•   Contribution limits for a 401(k) are $23,000 in 2024 and $23,500 in 2025 for those under age 50. Those aged 50 and over can make an additional catch-up contribution.

•   If 401(k) contributions are maxed out, considering an IRA or a taxable brokerage account is beneficial.

•   Allocating a bonus to a 401(k) or IRA can reduce taxable income for the year, potentially lowering the tax bill.

Receiving a Bonus Check

First, a practical reminder. When you get a bonus check, it may not be in the amount that you expected. This is because bonuses are subject to income tax withholding. Knowing how your bonus is taxed can help you understand how much you’ll end up with so you can determine what to do with the money that’s left, such as making a 401(k) bonus contribution. The IRS considers bonuses as supplemental wages rather than regular wages.

Ultimately, your employer decides how to treat tax withholding from your bonus. Employers may withhold 22% of your bonus to go toward federal income taxes. But some employers may add your whole bonus to your regular paycheck, and then tax the larger amount at normal income tax rates. If your bonus puts you in a higher tax bracket for that pay period, you may pay more than you expected in taxes.

Also, your bonus may come lumped in with your paycheck (not as a separate payout), which can be confusing.

Whatever the final amount is, or how it arrives, be sure to set aside the full amount while you weigh your options — otherwise you might be tempted to spend it.

💡 Quick Tip: Want to lower your taxable income? Start saving for retirement by opening an IRA account. The money you save each year in a traditional IRA is tax deductible (and you don’t owe any taxes until you withdraw the funds, usually in retirement).

What to Do With Bonus Money

There’s nothing wrong with spending some of your hard-earned bonus from your compensation. One rule of thumb is to set a percentage of every windfall (e.g. 10% or 20%) — whether a bonus or a birthday check — to spend, and save the rest.

To get the most out of a bonus, though, many people opt for a 401k bonus deferral and put some or all of it into their 401(k) account. The amount of your bonus you decide to put in depends on how much you’ve already contributed, and whether it makes sense from a tax perspective to make a 401(k) bonus contribution.

Contributing to a 401(k)

The contribution limit for 401(k) plans in 2024 is $23,000; for those 50 and older you can add another $7,500, for a total of $30,500. The contribution limit for 401(k) plans in 2025 is $23,500; for those 50 and older you can add another $7,500, for a total of $31,000. For 2025, those aged 60 to 63 may contribute an additional $11,250 (instead of $7,500), for a total of 34,750. If you haven’t reached the limit yet, allocating some of your bonus into your retirement plan can be a great way to boost your retirement savings.

In the case where you’ve already maxed out your 401(k) contributions, your bonus can also allow you to invest in an IRA or a non-retirement (i.e. taxable) brokerage account.

Contributing to an IRA

If you’ve maxed out your 401k contributions for the year, you may still be able to open a traditional tax-deferred IRA or a Roth IRA. It depends on your income.

In 2024, the contribution limit for traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs is $7,000; with an additional $1,000 if you’re 50 or older. In 2025, the contribution limit for traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs is also $7,000; with an additional $1,000 if you’re 50 or older.

However, if your income is over $161,000 (for single filers) or over $240,000 (for married filing jointly) in 2024, you aren’t eligible to contribute to a Roth. For 2025, you can’t contribute to a Roth if your income is over $165,000 (for single filers) or over $246,000 (for married filing jointly). And while a traditional IRA doesn’t have income limits, the picture changes if you’re covered by a workplace plan like a 401(k).

If you’re covered by a workplace retirement plan and your income is too high for a Roth, you likely wouldn’t be eligible to open a traditional, tax-deductible IRA either. You could however open a nondeductible IRA. To understand the difference, you may want to consult with a professional.

Get a 1% IRA match on rollovers and contributions.

Double down on your retirement goals with a 1% match on every dollar you roll over and contribute to a SoFi IRA.1

1Terms and conditions apply. Roll over a minimum of $20K to receive the 1% match offer. Matches on contributions are made up to the annual limits.

Contributing to a Taxable Account

Of course, when you’re weighing what to do with bonus money, you don’t want to leave out this important option: Opening a taxable account.

While employer-sponsored retirement accounts typically have some restrictions on what you can invest in, taxable brokerage accounts allow you to invest in a wider range of investments.

So if your 401(k) is maxed out, and an IRA isn’t an option for you, you can use your bonus to invest in stocks, bonds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, and more in a taxable account.

Deferred Compensation

You also may be able to save some of your bonus from taxes by deferring compensation. This is when an employee’s compensation is withheld for distribution at a later date in order to provide future tax benefits.

In this scenario, you could set aside some of your compensation or bonus to be paid in the future. When you defer income, you still need to pay taxes later, at the time you receive your deferred income.

💡 Quick Tip: Did you know that opening a brokerage account typically doesn’t come with any setup costs? Often, the only requirement to open a brokerage account — aside from providing personal details — is making an initial deposit.

Your Bonus and 401(k) Tax Breaks

Wondering what to do with a bonus? It’s a smart question to ask. In order to maximize the value of your bonus, you want to make sure you reduce your taxes where you can.

One method that’s frequently used to reduce income taxes on a bonus is adding some of it into a tax-deferred retirement account like a 401(k) or traditional IRA. The amount of money you put into these accounts typically reduces your taxable income in the year that you deposit it.

Here’s how it works. The amount you contribute to a 401(k) or traditional IRA is tax deductible, meaning you can deduct the amount you save from your taxable income, often lowering your tax bill. (The same is not true for a Roth IRA or a Roth 401(k), where you make contributions on an after-tax basis.)

The annual contribution limits for each of these retirement accounts noted above may vary from year to year. Depending on the size of your bonus and how much you’ve already contributed to your retirement account for a particular year, you may be able to either put some or all of your bonus in a tax-deferred retirement account.

It’s important to keep track of how much you have already contributed to your retirement accounts because you don’t want to put in too much of your bonus and exceed the contribution limit. In the case where you have reached the contribution limit, you can put some of your bonus into other tax deferred accounts including a traditional IRA or a Roth IRA.

Recommended: Important Retirement Contribution Limits

How Investing Your Bonus Can Help Over Time

Investing your bonus may help increase its value over the long-run. As your money potentially grows in value over time, it can be used in many ways: You can stow part of it away for retirement, as an emergency fund, a down payment for a home, to pay outstanding debts, or another financial goal.

While it can be helpful to have some of your bonus in cash, your money is typically better in a savings or investment account where it has the potential to work for you. If you start investing your bonus each year in either a tax-deferred retirement account or non-retirement account, this could help you save for the future.

Investing for Retirement With SoFi

The yearly question of what to do with a bonus is a common one. Just having that windfall allows for many financial opportunities, such as saving for immediate needs — or purchasing things you need now. But it may be wisest to use your bonus to boost your retirement nest egg — for the simple reason that you may stand to gain more financially down the road, while also potentially enjoying tax benefits in the present.

The fact is, most people don’t max out their 401(k) contributions each year, so if you’re in that boat it might make sense to take some or all of your bonus and max it out. If you have maxed out your 401(k), you still have options to save for the future via traditional or Roth IRAs, deferred compensation, or investing in a taxable account.

Keeping in mind the tax implications of where you invest can also help you allocate this extra money where it fits best with your plan.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Is it good to put your bonus into a 401(k)?

The short answer is yes. It might be wise to put some or all of your bonus in your 401(k), depending on how much you’ve contributed to your workplace account already. You want to make sure you don’t exceed the 401(k) contribution limit.

How can I avoid paying tax on my bonus?

Your bonus will be taxed, but you can lower the amount of your taxable income by depositing some or all of it in a tax-deferred retirement account such as a 401(k) or IRA. However, this does not mean you will avoid paying taxes completely. Once you withdraw the money from these accounts in retirement, it will be subject to ordinary income tax.

Can I put all of my bonus into a 401(k)?

Possibly. You can put all of your bonus in your 401(k) if you haven’t reached the contribution limit for that particular year, and if you won’t surpass it by adding all of your bonus. For 2024, the contribution limit for a 401(k) is $23,000 if you’re younger than 50 years old; those 50 and over can contribute an additional $7,500 for a total of $30,500. In 2025, the contribution limit for a 401(k) is $23,500 if you’re under age 50, and those 50 and up can contribute an additional $7,500 for a total of $31,000. For 2025, those aged 60 to 63 may contribute an additional $11,250 instead of $7,500, thanks to SECURE 2.0.

Photo credit: iStock/Tempura

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.


Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by email customer service at https://sofi.app.link/investchat. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.
Shares of ETFs must be bought and sold at market price, which can vary significantly from the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). Investment returns are subject to market volatility and shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of an ETF will not protect against loss. An ETF may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.
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Jan
06
2025
Guide to 457 Retirement Plans

Guide to 457 Retirement Plans

By | Growing Wealth, invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off on Guide to 457 Retirement Plans

A 457 plan — technically a 457(b) plan — is similar to a 401(k) retirement account. It’s an employer-provided retirement savings plan that you fund with pre-tax contributions, and the money you save grows tax-deferred until it’s withdrawn in retirement.

But a 457 plan differs from a 401(k) in some significant ways. While any employer may offer a 401(k), 457 plans are designed specifically for state and local government employees, as well as employees of certain tax-exempt organizations. That said, a 457 has fewer limitations on withdrawals.

This guide will help you decide whether a 457 plan is right for you.

What Is a 457 Retirement Plan?

A 457 plan is a type of deferred compensation plan that’s used by certain employees when saving for retirement. The key thing to remember is that a 457 plan isn’t considered a “qualified retirement plan” based on the federal law known as ERISA (from the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974).

These plans can be established by state and local governments or by certain tax-exempt organizations. The types of employees that can participate in 457 savings plans include:

•   Firefighters

•   Police officers

•   Public safety officers

•   City administration employees

•   Public works employees

Note that a 457 plan is not used by federal employees; instead, the federal government offers a Thrift Savings Plan (TSP) to those workers. Nor is it exactly the same thing as a 401(k) plan or a 403(b), though there are some similarities between these types of plans.

Get a 1% IRA match on rollovers and contributions.

Double down on your retirement goals with a 1% match on every dollar you roll over and contribute to a SoFi IRA.1

1Terms and conditions apply. Roll over a minimum of $20K to receive the 1% match offer. Matches on contributions are made up to the annual limits.

How a 457 Plan Works

A 457 plan works by allowing employees to defer part of their compensation into the plan through elective salary deferrals. These deferrals are made on a pre-tax basis, though some plans can also allow employees to choose a Roth option (similar to a Roth 401(k)).

The money that’s deferred is invested and grows tax-deferred until the employee is ready to withdraw it. The types of investments offered inside a 457 plan can vary by the plan but typically include a mix of mutual funds. Some 457 retirement accounts may also offer annuities as an investment option.

Unlike 401(k) plans, which require employees to wait until age 59 ½ before making qualified withdrawals, 457 plans allow withdrawals at whatever age the employee retires. The IRS doesn’t impose a 10% early withdrawal penalty on withdrawals made before age 59 ½ if you retire (or take a hardship distribution). Regular income tax still applies to the money you withdraw, except in the case of Roth 457 plans, which allow for tax-free qualified distributions.

So, for example, say you’re a municipal government employee. You’re offered a 457 plan as part of your employee benefits package. You opt to defer 15% of your compensation into the plan each year, starting at age 25. Once you turn 50, you make your regular contributions along with catch-up contributions. You decide to retire at age 55, at which point you’ll be able to withdraw your savings or roll it over to an IRA.

Who Is Eligible for a 457 Retirement Plan?

In order to take advantage of 457 plan benefits you need to work for an eligible employer. Again, this includes state and local governments as well as certain tax-exempt organizations.

There are no age or income restrictions on when you can contribute to a 457 plan, unless you’re still working at age 73. A 457 retirement account follows required minimum distribution rules, meaning you’re required to begin taking money out of the plan once you turn 73. At this point, you can no longer make new contributions.

A big plus with 457 plans: Your employer could offer a 401(k) plan and a 457 plan as retirement savings options. You don’t have to choose one over the other either. If you’re able to make contributions to both plans simultaneously, you could do so up to the maximum annual contribution limits.

Pros & Cons of 457 Plans

A 457 plan can be a valuable resource when planning for retirement expenses. Contributions grow tax-deferred and as mentioned, you could use both a 457 plan and a 401(k) to save for retirement. If you’re unsure whether a 457 savings plan is right for you, weighing the pros and cons can help you to decide.

Pros of 457 Plans

Here are some of the main advantages of using a 457 plan to save for retirement.

No Penalty for Early Withdrawals

Taking money from a 401(k) or Individual Retirement Account before age 59 ½ can result in a 10% early withdrawal tax penalty. That’s on top of income tax you might owe on the distribution. With a 457 retirement plan, this rule doesn’t apply so if you decide to retire early, you can tap into your savings penalty-free.

Special Catch-up Limit

A 457 plan has annual contribution limits and catch-up contribution limits but they also include a special provision for employees who are close to retirement age. This provision allows them to potentially double the amount of money they put into their plan in the final three years leading up to retirement.

Loans May Be Allowed

If you need money and you don’t qualify for a hardship distribution from a 457 plan you may still be able to take out a loan from your retirement account (although there are downsides to this option). The maximum loan amount is 50% of your vested balance or $50,000, whichever is less. Loans must be repaid within five years.

Cons of 457 Plans

Now that you’ve considered the positives, here are some of the drawbacks to consider with a 457 savings plan.

Not Everyone Is Eligible

If you don’t work for an eligible employer then you won’t have access to a 457 plan. You may, however, have other savings options such as a 401k or 403(b) plan instead which would allow you to set aside money for retirement on a tax-advantaged basis. And of course, you can always open an IRA.

Investment Options May Be Limited

The range of investment options offered in 457 plans aren’t necessarily the same across the board. Depending on which plan you’re enrolled in, you may find that your investment selections are limited or that the fees you’ll pay for those investments are on the higher side.

Matching Is Optional

While an employer may choose to offer a matching contribution to a 457 retirement account, that doesn’t mean they will. Matching contributions are valuable because they’re essentially free money. If you’re not getting a match, then it could take you longer to reach your retirement savings goals.

💡 Quick Tip: Before opening any investment account, consider what level of risk you are comfortable with. If you’re not sure, start with more conservative investments, and then adjust your portfolio as you learn more.

457 Plan Contribution Limits

The IRS establishes annual contribution limits for 457 plans. There are three contribution amounts:

•   Basic annual contribution

•   Catch-up contribution

•   Special catch-up contribution

Annual contribution limits and catch-up contributions follow the same guidelines established for 401(k) plans.

The special catch-up contribution is an additional amount that’s designated for employees who are within three years of retirement. Not all 457 retirement plans allow for special catch-up contributions.

Here are the 457 savings plan maximum contribution limits for 2024 and 2025.

2024

 2025
Annual Contribution Up to 100% of an employees’ includable compensation or $23,000, whichever is less Up to 100% of an employees’ includable compensation or $23,500, whichever is less
Catch-up Contribution Employees 50 and over can contribute an additional $7,500 Employees 50 and over can contribute an additional $7,500
Special Catch-up Contribution $23,000 or the basic annual limit plus the amount of the basic limit not used in prior years, whichever is less* $23,500 or the basic annual limit plus the amount of the basic limit not used in prior years, whichever is less*

*This option is not available if the employee is already making age-50-or-over catch-up contributions.

457 vs 403(b) Plans

The biggest difference between a 457 plan and a 403(b) plan is who they’re designed for. A 403(b) plan is a type of retirement plan that’s offered to public school employees, including those who work at state colleges and universities, and employees of certain tax-exempt organizations. Certain ministers may establish a 403(b) plan as well. This type of plan can also be referred to as a tax-sheltered annuity or TSA plan.

Like 457 plans, 403(b) plans are funded with pre-tax dollars and contributions grow tax-deferred over time. These contributions can be made through elective salary deferrals or nonelective employer contributions. Employees can opt to make after-tax contributions or designated Roth contributions to their plan. Employers are not required to make contributions.

The annual contribution limits to 403(b) plans, including catch-up contributions, are the same as those for 457 plans. A 403(b) plan can also offer special catch-up contributions, but they work a little differently and only apply to employees who have at least 15 years of service.

Employees can withdraw money once they reach age 59 ½ and they’ll pay tax on those distributions. A 403(b) plan may allow for loans and hardship distributions or early withdrawals because the employee becomes disabled or leaves their job.

Investing for Retirement With SoFi

When weighing retirement plan options, a 457 retirement account may be one possibility. That’s not the only way to save and invest, however. If you don’t have a retirement plan at work or you’re self-employed, you can still open a traditional or Roth IRA to grow wealth.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

How does a 457 plan pay out?

If you have a 457 savings plan, you can take money out of your account before age 59 ½ without triggering an early withdrawal tax penalty in certain situations. Those distributions are taxable at your ordinary income tax rate, however. Like other tax-advantaged plans, 457 plans have required minimum distributions (RMDs), but they begin at age 73.

What are the rules for a 457 plan?

The IRS has specific rules for which types of employers can establish 457 plans; these include state and local governments and certain tax-exempt organizations. There are also rules on annual contributions, catch-up contributions and special catch-up contributions. In terms of taxation, 457 plans follow the same guidelines as 401(k) or 403(b) plans: Contributions are made pre-tax; the employee pays taxes on withdrawals.

When can you take money out of a 457 plan?

You can take money out of a 457 plan once you reach age 59 ½. Withdrawals are also allowed prior to age 59 ½ without a tax penalty if you’re experiencing a financial hardship or you leave your employer. Early withdrawals are still subject to ordinary income tax.

Photo credit: iStock/Nomad

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

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Jan
03
2025
31 Things to Do With a Windfall

31 Things to Do With a Windfall

By | Budgeting & Goals, Growing Wealth, money | Comments Off on 31 Things to Do With a Windfall

You just came into a cash windfall. You’re happy about this, but you aren’t exactly sure about what to do with it. Should you spend it? Save it? Invest it?

Depending on the amount of money you now have and your financial situation, the answers are going to differ. Here are some things you can do with a financial windfall to ensure that you are handling it in the smartest way possible.

What Is Considered a Windfall?

There is no one specific definition for what is a financial windfall. Typically, it means that you’ve received some unexpected money of a significant amount. For some people, a windfall could be a few hundred dollars; for others, it could be millions.

Whatever the amount, if it feels as if you have come into a considerable amount of money that you weren’t anticipating, it makes sense to develop a plan for how to use it.

3 Tips to Help You Make the Most of Your Money Windfall

If you are fortunate enough to have a windfall land in your lap, consider these points before you take action (whether spending, saving, investing, or donating). These steps can help you make the most of your money:

•  Get professional advice: Depending on the size and source of your windfall, you might owe taxes on it and it might push you into a different tax bracket. Consulting with an accountant or financial planner may help you identify the implications.

•  Go slow: Of course it’s exciting to have cash coming your way, but it’s wise to take some time and reflect on how the money would be best spent versus deciding “Dinner’s on me!” for you and your 10 best friends to celebrate. For instance, could your windfall lower or wipe out some debt? Could it be invested? Don’t let the adrenaline rush drive you to make too quick a decision. Take some time to clarify your goals.

•  Think long-term: If you’ve received a sizable sum, it may be tempting to drop everything and quit your day job to travel or take on a passion project. Again, financial counseling could be wise before you do such things. What sounds like a major sum may not actually finance those things (or at least allow you to go all in on them), so look at the implications carefully before making a big life change.

Remember That Taxes May Be Due on Your Windfall

As briefly mentioned above, taxes may be due on your windfall. Talking with a certified public accountant or financial planner could be a wise move. Some food for thought:

•  A large inheritance (more than $12.06 million as an individual in 2022) from a relative other than a spouse would trigger federal taxes owed.

•  A gift of more than $16,000 will require you to pay federal taxes.

•  A lottery win is taxed as ordinary income.

What to Do With a $500 Windfall

Let’s say the amount of money you received was $500. While it isn’t a ton of money, it still is significant enough that you should figure out what to do with it. Here are a few ideas for what to do with a small windfall.

1. Investing in Real Estate

Did you know that you can become a real estate investor with just $500? The real estate crowdfunding platform DiversyFund allows you to invest in real estate investment trusts (REITs) with a minimum of $500. Although there is risk involved in real estate investing and it might tie up your money before you see a return, this might be a good way to get your feet wet when it comes to real estate.

2. Meeting With a Financial Advisor

Hiring a financial advisor to help you learn how to plan for your financial future might be a good use of this money. Financial advisor charges vary: Some might charge hourly while others are commission-based. If this professional will be managing a portfolio for you, it is fairly common to be charged 1% of the portfolio value.

3. Buying a New Wardrobe

You could refresh your wardrobe with a little extra money. Wearing the right clothes could make you feel more comfortable and give you the confidence to go after your professional goals. Or you might splurge on some clothes you’ve been eying that give you a self-esteem boost.

4. Traveling Somewhere Cheap

You may be able to save on hotel rooms and plane tickets when sales are running. Or, you could always take a road trip somewhere locally for only $500. Since you’re on a tight budget, you may want to use credit card rewards to finance any additional cost of your trip.

5. Investing in a Certificate of Deposit

Another thing you can do with a $500 financial windfall is put it into a certificate of deposit, which is a savings account with a fixed interest rate as well as the maturity date. It’s a low-risk way to invest your money.

6. Getting Your Car Fixed

Have you been putting off car repairs because they’re too expensive? Now that you have $500, it might be time to put it towards your vehicle so it’s less likely to break down when you’re on the road.

7. Buying Renter’s Insurance

If you’re a renter, your personal property is not covered under your landlord’s homeowners insurance policy. Your renter’s insurance policy, typically costing less than $500 per year, will cover the cost of your belongings should anything happen, as well as offer liability coverage if anyone gets injured on your property. How much does renters insurance cost? Prices will vary depending on where you live and the value of what you have to insure, but nationally the average cost is typically between $126 and $252.

8. Purchasing a Life Insurance Policy

Life insurance is designed to protect your family in the event that you pass away. The average cost of a life insurance policy is $26/month, so you could pay for the whole year upfront with just $500. Typically, life insurance rates increase as you age and your risk of dying increases. So it’s likely to be less expensive to purchase life insurance while you’re young, rather than waiting until you feel like you can afford it.

Get up to $300 when you bank with SoFi.

No account or overdraft fees. No minimum balance.

Up to 4.00% APY on savings balances.

Up to 2-day-early paycheck.

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9. Taking a Professional Development Class

While private colleges and universities may be pricier, you may be able to find a class online or at your local community college for less than $500. Finding something that is relevant to your career may even help you move up the ladder at your job.

What to Do With a $1,000 Windfall

Did you receive a $1,000 financial windfall? Here are some tips on what to do with windfall money of that amount.

10. Getting Started on Your Emergency Fund

Ideally, your emergency fund will be as robust as possible and include several months’ worth of expenses just in case you lose your job or otherwise face some financial hardships. However, if you don’t have anything saved up, then putting $1,000 into it is a great start. You will have a safety net at the very least.

11. Hiring an Estate Planning Lawyer

Another important thing you could do with a $1,000 cash windfall is meet with an estate planning lawyer to write your will, establish a trust, and determine your power of attorney. You may feel some peace knowing your family will be protected and your assets will go where you wish to distribute them.

12. Opening a 529 Plan

A 529 plan is a way to save for your child’s college education. With $1,000, you can get a nice head start on college savings and gain interest on your money at the same time. Plus, the money will be tax-deferred.

13. Doing Home Improvements

With $1,000, you could do some significant home improvements like replacing your curtains, put down a new kitchen floor, paint different rooms, or spruce up your backyard. If you do the work yourself, you may be able to stretch your financial windfall money even further.

14. Donating It

If there’s a nonprofit you always donate to, you could make a big difference by giving $1,000 to it. You could also write it off on your taxes if it’s a qualifying organization.

15. Opening a High-Yield Savings Account

A typical savings account tends to have low-interest rates. But a high-yield savings account could earn up to 25 times the interest of a regular savings account. Putting the $1,000 in your account and then setting up automatic transfers from your checking into your new savings account will help it continue to grow.

16. Opening an IRA

If you don’t have anything saved up for retirement and you suddenly get a $1,000 financial windfall, then it might be time to open up an IRA. It’s wise to speak with a financial advisor about the best type of account for your situation.

17. Investing in Your Side Hustle

To make money on your $1,000 financial windfall, you could start or invest in your own low-cost side hustle. For instance, perhaps you’re a freelance graphic designer on the side but you need to buy some software to be able to do more detailed work. Or maybe you need to purchase a domain name and hire a developer to create a business website. With this initial investment, you may be able to bring in much more money and improve your finances.

What to Do With a $5,000 Windfall

You just got a cash windfall of $5,000. Now what? Here are some ideas.

18. Saving Up for a Down Payment

In some instances, you could make a down payment on a home for only 3% to 5%. For instance, if you purchase a $100,000 home and you only need to put 5% down, you could use your financial windfall money as your $5,000 down payment.

19. Paying Off Credit Card Debt

The average American family has $7,951 worth of credit card debt. Even if you have more than that much debt, $5,000 could make a big difference.

20. Investing Via Robo-Advisors

Do you want to invest your $5,000 cash windfall, but you don’t know where to start? Robo advisors create a diversified investment portfolio based on your investment goals and the level of risk you’re willing to take.

21. Investing in Blue-Chip Stocks

If you’re willing to take some risk with investments, then blue-chip stocks could be good investments for you. These stocks are from well-established and financially stable companies that typically pay dividends to investors.

22. Investing in International Bonds

Bonds typically have a solid history of returns, although slightly lower than that of stocks. However, since US interest rates have been relatively low, it may be a good idea to look into international bonds for a better return rate. These can carry higher risk because of currency exchange rates, however, so it’s wise to choose carefully, based on the country where the bond is held. Having both stocks and bonds in a portfolio is a good way to achieve diversification in a balanced portfolio.

23. Taking a Luxurious Vacation

With $5,000, you and your family could potentially vacation in a luxury resort. By looking for all-inclusive experiences, you could do much more with your money. Check out sites like Expedia, Costco Travel, and Booking.com for deals.

What to Do With a $10,000+ Windfall

If you received a cash windfall of $10,000 or more (lucky you!), here are some things you could do with it.

24. Opening a Money Market Account

With $10,000 could enable you to invest in a money market account, which typically earns a higher interest rate than a regular savings account.

25. Paying Off Student Loan Debt

The average student loan debt is more than $32,000. If you have a $10,000 financial windfall, you could put a nice dent in your student loan payments.

26. Trying Peer-to-Peer Lending

You could lend your financial windfall money to someone who is looking for a loan and have the opportunity to earn a much higher interest rate than you might receive on other types of investments.

27. Making Mortgage Payments

You could make a large principal-only payment toward your mortgage loan with a $10,000 cash windfall. Using an amortization calculator on the remaining balance of a fixed-rate loan will show you how much sooner you could pay off the loan.

28. Going to College

While $10,000 won’t cover a bachelor’s degree unless you also get grants or scholarships, you may be able to earn your associate’s degree at your local community college with your financial windfall money. This may also cover several classes at a university that could lead to career advancement.

29. Starting Your Business

Let’s say you want to do more than start a side hustle, and you’re ready to open a small business. With $10,000, you can get the ball rolling on your business without the need to borrow money. It could be a good idea to talk to a successful business owner in your industry who has the experience and can give you some guidance on how best to allocate your money.

30. Putting it in Your 401(k)

If you have a 401(k) through your employer, you could put your $10,000 into it. If your employer matches your contributions, the money could go even further.

31. Moving to a Different Home

Moving can be expensive, and a $10,000 financial windfall could be useful when it comes to covering moving costs. A move may make sense if you can find a place that’s more convenient to your work, restaurants, and entertainment and/or gives you and your family more space or offers additional amenities.

The Takeaway

Receiving a financial windfall of any amount is probably best handled with careful thought. You might pay down debt, take a vacation, invest the funds, or pursue higher education…or even do a little of each. Sometimes, the best thing to do is to set it aside while you take your time to make a decision about how best to spend it.

Earning interest on the money during a “thinking it over” period can be a good thing, too. A SoFi Checking and Savings Account can be a good place to park your money; it will earn a competitive annual percentage yield (APY) and you won’t pay any account fees. Those two features can help you money grow.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall.* Enjoy up to 4.00% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

What amount of money is considered a windfall?

The amount of money that is considered a windfall will vary depending on your circumstances. If you are just starting out or earning a lower income, $500 might be cause for celebration. Typically, a windfall is considered $1,000 or more, and in some cases, it could be a major sum of six figures or more.

What to do with a $50,000 windfall?

There are many ways to use a $50,000 windfall. You could pay off high-interest debt, pump up your retirement account or savings for your children’s education, or you might invest it, whether in the stock market or your own business.

What can you do with a $100K windfall?

With a $100,000 windfall, you might pay off high-cost debt, stash money for future educational costs for yourself or your child, save for retirement, or invest the money or buy real estate with it.

About the author

Kylie Ora Lobell

Kylie Ora Lobell

Kylie Ora Lobell is a personal finance writer who covers topics such as credit cards, loans, investing, and budgeting. She has worked for major brands such as Mastercard and Visa. Read full bio.

Photo credit: iStock/TARIK KIZILKAYA

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2024 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
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SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.00% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi members with direct deposit are eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

As an alternative to direct deposit, SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant. SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits are not eligible for other SoFi Plus benefits.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.00% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 12/3/24. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Inherited IRA: Distribution Rules for Beneficiaries

Inherited IRA Distribution Rules Explained

By | invest, Investing, Preparing for Retirement | Comments Off on Inherited IRA Distribution Rules Explained

The distribution rules for inheriting an IRA are highly complicated, and have changed since the SECURE Act of 2019. Unlike other kinds of inheritances, an inherited IRA is governed by IRS rules about how and when the money can be distributed, and depend on whether the beneficiary is an eligible designated beneficiary or a non-spouse beneficiary.

Other factors that influence inherited IRA distributions include: the age of the original account holder when they died, and whether the account holder had started taking required minimum distributions (RMDs) before their death.

This story does not address non-individual beneficiaries, such as a charity.

Key Points

•   An inherited IRA refers to funds bequeathed by a deceased IRA owner to one or more beneficiaries.

•   It can also describe a specific type of IRA that a beneficiary can open to receive inherited funds, which is subject to different terms than an ordinary IRA.

•   The factors that impact how a beneficiary must handle inherited IRA assets include whether they are a spouse or non-spouse of the deceased, and whether the original account owner had started taking required minimum distributions (RMDs).

•   Thanks to the SECURE Act of 2019, there are more favorable options for eligible designated beneficiaries, who have the option of stretching out withdrawals longer, in most cases.

•   Eligible designated beneficiaries include a spouse, a minor child, someone who is chronically ill or disabled, per IRS rules, or an individual up to 10 years younger than the original account holder.

What Is an Inherited IRA?

When an IRA owner passes away, the funds in their account are bequeathed to their beneficiary (or beneficiaries), who can open an inherited IRA to accept the funds, or they may be able to rollover the money to their own IRA account.

•   The original retirement account could be any type of IRA, such as a Roth IRA, traditional IRA, SEP IRA, or SIMPLE IRA.

•   The deceased’s 401(k) or other qualified retirement plan can also be used to fund an inherited IRA, but the distribution terms would be specified by the plan administrator.

If you inherit an IRA, the following conditions determine what you can do with the funds:

•   Your relationship to the deceased account holder (e.g., are you a spouse or non-spouse)

•   The original account holder’s age when they died

•   Whether they had started taking their required minimum distributions (RMDs) before they died

•   The type of retirement account involved

Basic Rules About Withdrawals

There are a number of options available for taking distributions, depending on your relationship to the deceased. At minimum, most beneficiaries can either take the inherited funds as a lump sum, or they can follow the 10-year rule.

The 10-year rule regarding inherited IRAs means that the account must be emptied by the 10th year following the death of the original account holder.

In all cases, the tax rules governing the type of IRA (tax-deferred vs. Roth) apply to the inherited IRA as well. So withdrawals from an inherited traditional IRA are taxed as income. Withdrawals from an inherited Roth IRA are generally tax-free (details below).

Exceptions for Eligible Designated Beneficiaries

Withdrawal rules for inherited IRAs are different for eligible designated beneficiaries.
According to the IRS, an eligible designated beneficiary refers to:

•   The spouse or minor child of the original account holder.

•   A minor child is under age 21, and can be biological or legally adopted.

•   An individual who meets the IRS criteria for being a disabled or chronically ill person.

•   A person who is no more than 10 years younger than the IRA owner or plan participant.

If you qualify as an eligible designated beneficiary, and you are a non-spouse, here are the options that pertain to your situation:

•   If you’re a minor child, you can extend withdrawals until you turn 21.

•   If you’re disabled or chronically ill, or not more than 10 years younger than the deceased, you can extend withdrawals throughout your lifetime.

Get a 1% IRA match on rollovers and contributions.

Double down on your retirement goals with a 1% match on every dollar you roll over and contribute to a SoFi IRA.1

1Terms and conditions apply. Roll over a minimum of $20K to receive the 1% match offer. Matches on contributions are made up to the annual limits.

What Are the RMD Rules for Inherited IRAs?

Assuming the original account holder had not started taking RMDs, and you are the surviving spouse and sole beneficiary of the IRA, you have a few options:

Rollover the Funds to Your Own IRA

If you rollover the funds to your own IRA, new or existing, you have to do an apples-to-apples rollover (tax deferred to tax deferred, Roth to Roth.) In addition:

•   Once rolled over, inherited funds become subject to regular IRA rules, based on your age. Meaning: You have to wait to take distributions until you’re 59 ½ (or potentially owe a 10% penalty), in the case of a tax-deferred account rollover.

•   You can keep contributing to the IRA.

•   RMDs from your own IRA are subject to your life expectancy table and likely smaller, which may be advantageous from a tax perspective.

Move the Funds to an Inherited IRA

You can also set up an inherited IRA in order to receive the funds you’ve inherited. Again the accounts must match (e.g., funds from a regular Roth IRA must be moved to an inherited Roth IRA). Inherited IRAs follow slightly different rules.

•   You cannot contribute to the IRA.

•   You must take RMDs every year, but these can be based on your own life expectancy

•   Distributions from a tax-deferred account are taxable, but the 10% penalty for early withdrawals before age 59½ doesn’t apply.

If the Deceased Had Started Taking RMDs

If the original account holder had started taking RMDs, you (the spouse) have to take the rest of the RMDs for that year they died in. Then you switch to your own RMD, from there on out, each year.

Some people prefer to open their inherited IRA account with the same firm that initially held the money for the deceased. However, you can open an IRA with almost any bank or brokerage.

When You Inherit from a Non-Spouse

If you are a non-spouse beneficiary, here’s what to consider. First, decide whether you meet the criteria for being an eligible designated beneficiary, or a designated beneficiary.

If You’re a Non-Spouse, Eligible Designated Beneficiary

Non-spouse eligible designated beneficiaries include: chronically ill or disabled non-spouse beneficiaries; non-spouse beneficiaries not more than 10 years younger than the original deceased account holder; or a minor child of the account owner.

Once a minor child beneficiary reaches 21, they have 10 years to deplete the account.

If You’re a Non-Spouse Designated Beneficiary

All other non-spouse beneficiaries (including grandchildren and other relatives) must follow the 10-year rule and deplete the account by the 10th year following the death of the account holder.

After that 10-year period, the IRS will impose a 50% penalty tax on any funds remaining.

Multiple Beneficiaries

If there is more than one beneficiary of an inherited IRA, the IRA can be split into different accounts so that there is one for each person.

However, in general, you must each start taking RMDs by December 31st of the year following the year of the original account holder’s death, and all assets must be withdrawn from each account within 10 years (aside from the exceptions noted above).

It’s Possible to Disclaim Assets

You can also refuse an inherited IRA. In that case, the funds will pass to the next eligible beneficiary. Generally, the choice to disclaim inherited IRA assets must be completed within nine months of the account holder’s death.

Inherited IRA Examples

These are some of the different instances of inherited IRAs and how they can be handled.

Spouse inherits and becomes the owner of the IRA: When the surviving spouse is the sole beneficiary of the IRA, they can opt to become the owner of it by rolling over the funds into their own IRA. The rollover must be done within 60 days.

This could be a good option if the original account holder had already started taking RMDs, because it delays the RMDs until the surviving spouse turns 73.

Non-spouse designated beneficiaries: An adult child or friend of the original IRA owner can open an inherited IRA account and transfer the inherited funds into it.

They generally must start taking RMDs by December 31 of the year after the year in which the original account holder passed away. And they must withdraw all funds from the account 10 years after the original owner’s death.

Both a spouse and a non-spouse inherit the IRA: In this instance of multiple beneficiaries, the original account can be split into two new accounts. That way, each person can proceed by following the RMD rules for their specific situation.

How Do I Avoid Taxes on an Inherited IRA?

Money from IRAs is generally taxed upon withdrawals, so your ordinary tax rate would apply to any tax-deferred IRA that was inherited — traditional, SEP IRA, or SIMPLE IRA.

However, if you have inherited the deceased’s Roth IRA, which allows for tax-free distributions, you should be able to make tax-free withdrawals of contributions and earnings, as long as the original account was set up at least five years ago (a.k.a. The five-year rule). As with an ordinary Roth account, you can withdraw contributions tax free at any time.

The Takeaway

Once you inherit an IRA, it’s wise to familiarize yourself with the inherited IRA rules and requirements that apply to your situation. No matter what your circumstance, inheriting an IRA account has the potential to put you in a better financial position for your own retirement.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Help build your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Are RMDs required for inherited IRAs in 2023?

The IRS recently delayed the final RMD rule changes regarding inherited IRAs to calendar year 2024. What this means is that the IRS will, in some cases, waive penalties for missed RMDs on inherited IRAs in 2023 — but only if the original owner died after 2019 and had already started taking RMDs.

What are the disadvantages of an inherited IRA?

The disadvantages of an inherited IRA include: knowing how to navigate and follow the complex rules regarding distributions and RMDs, and understanding the tax implications and potential penalties for your specific situation.

How do you calculate your required minimum distribution?

To help calculate your required minimum distribution, you can consult IRS Publication 590-B. There you can find information and tables to help you determine what your specific RMD would be.

About the author

Rebecca Lake

Ashley Kilroy

Ashley Kilroy is a seasoned personal finance writer with 15 years of experience simplifying complex concepts for individuals seeking financial security. Her expertise has shined through in well-known publications like Rolling Stone, Forbes, SmartAsset, and Money Talks News. Read full bio.

Photo credit: iStock/shapecharge

SoFi Invest®

INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below: Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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03
2025

Guide to Tax-Loss Harvesting

By | Investing, Terminology | Comments Off on Guide to Tax-Loss Harvesting

Tax-loss harvesting is a strategy that enables an investor to sell assets that have dropped in value as a way to offset the capital gains tax they may owe on the profits of other investments they’ve sold.

Thus, using a tax-loss harvesting strategy enables investors to use investment losses to offset investment gains, and potentially lower the amount of taxes they owe. While a tax loss strategy — sometimes called tax-loss selling — is often used to mitigate the tax on short-term capital gains, tax-loss harvesting can also be used to offset long-term capital gains.

Of course, as with anything having to do with investing and taxes, tax-loss harvesting is not simple. In order to carry out a tax-loss harvesting strategy, investors must adhere to specific IRS rules and restrictions.

Key Points

•  Tax-loss harvesting is a strategy whereby investment losses can be used to offset gains.

•  Using a tax-loss strategy can be beneficial because it effectively lowers profits and potentially reduces investment taxes owed.

•  When you sell investments at a profit, either long- or short-term capital gains tax apply.

•  Short-term capital gains tax rates apply to investments held for a year or less; long-term capital gains rates, which are more favorable, apply to those held for over a year.

•  You can only apply tax losses that have been realized, e.g., losses that result from the sale of the asset.

•  IRS rules regarding this strategy are complex and may require the help of a professional.

🛈 Currently, SoFi does not provide tax loss harvesting services to members.

What Is Tax-Loss Harvesting?

Tax-loss harvesting effectively harvests losses to cancel out a commensurate amount in profit, and help investors avoid being taxed on those gains. As a basic example of how tax-loss harvesting works: If an investor sells a security for a $25,000 gain, and sells another security at a $10,000 loss, the loss could be applied so that the investor would only see a capital gain of $15,000 ($25,000 – $10,000).

This can be a valuable tax strategy for investors because you owe capital gains taxes on any profits you make from selling investments, like stocks, bonds, properties, cars, or businesses. The tax only applies when you profit from the sale and realize a profit, not for simply owning an appreciated asset.

And again, if you also realize some investment losses for the same period, those can be used to reduce the amount of your taxable gains.

Recommended: Everything You Need to Know About Taxes on Investment Income

How Tax-Loss Harvesting Works

In order to understand how tax-loss harvesting works, you first have to understand the system of capital gains taxes.

Capital Gains and Tax-Loss Harvesting

As far as the IRS is concerned, capital gains are either short term or long term:

•   Short-term capital gains and losses are from the sale of an investment that an investor has held for one year or less.

•   Long-term capital gains and losses are those recognized on investments sold after one year.

Understanding Short-Term Capital Gains Rates

The one-year mark is crucial, because the IRS taxes short-term investments at an investor’s marginal or ordinary income tax rate, which is typically higher than the long-term rate.

There are seven ordinary tax brackets: 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, and 37%.

For high earners, gains can be taxed as much as 37%, plus a potential 3.8% net investment income tax (NIIT), also known as the Medicare tax. That means the taxes on those short-term gains can be as high as 40.8% — and that’s before state and local taxes are factored in.

Understanding Long-Term Capital Gains Rates

Meanwhile, the long-term capital gains taxes for an individual are simpler and lower. These rates fall into three brackets, according to the IRS: 0%, 15%, and 20%.

Here are the rates for tax year 2024 (typically filed in early 2025), as well as for tax year 2025 (usually filed in early 2026), by income and filing status.

2024 Long-Term Capital Gains Tax Rates

Capital Gains Tax Rate

 Income – Single

 Married, filing separately

 Head of household

 Married, filing jointly
0% Up to $47,025 Up to $47,025 Up to $63,000 Up to $94,050
15% $47,026 – $518,000 $47,026 – $291,850 $63,001 – $551,350 $94,051 – $583,750
20% More than $518,000 More than $291,850 More than $551,350 More than $583,750

Source: Internal Revenue Service

2025 Long-Term Capital Gains Tax Rates

Capital Gains Tax Rate

 Income – Single

 Married, filing separately

 Head of household

 Married, filing jointly
0% Up to $48,350 Up to $48,350 Up to $64,750 Up to $96,700
15% $48,351 – $533,400 $48,351 – $300,000 $64,751 – $566,700 $96,701 – $600,050
20% More than $533,400 More than $300,000 More than $566,700 More than $600,050

Source: Internal Revenue Service

As with all tax laws, don’t forget the fine print. As noted above, the additional 3.8% NIIT may apply to single individuals with a modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) of $200,000 or married couples filing jointly, with a MAGI of at least $250,000.

Also, long-term capital gains from sales of collectibles (e.g., coins, antiques, fine art) are taxed at a rate of 28%. This is separate from regular capital gains tax, not in addition to it. However, NIIT may apply here as well.

Short-term gains on collectibles are taxed at the ordinary income tax rate, as above.

Recommended: Is Automated Tax Loss Harvesting a Good Idea?

Rules of Tax-Loss Harvesting

Given that investors selling off profitable investments can face a stiff tax bill, that’s when they may want to look at what else is in their portfolios. Inevitably, there are likely to be a handful of other assets such as stocks, bonds, real estate, or different types of investments that lost value for one reason or another.

While tax-loss harvesting is typically done at the end of the year, investors can use this strategy any time, as long as they follow the rule that long-term losses apply to long-term gains first, and short-term losses to short-term gains first.

Bear in mind that although a capital loss technically happens whenever an asset loses value, it’s considered an “unrealized loss” in that it doesn’t exist in the eyes of the IRS until an investor actually sells the asset and realizes the loss.

The loss at the time of the sale can be used to count against any capital gains made in a calendar year. Given the high taxes associated with short-term capital gains, it’s a strategy that has many investors selling out of losing positions at the end of the year.

Tax-Loss Harvesting Example

If you’re wondering how tax-loss harvesting works, here’s an example. Let’s say an investor is in the top income tax bracket for capital gains. If they sell investments and realize a long-term capital gain, they would be subject to the top 20% tax rate; short-term capital gains would be taxed at their marginal income tax rate of 37%.

Now, let’s imagine they have the following long- and short-term gains and losses, from securities they sold and those they haven’t:

Securities sold:

•   Stock A, held for over a year: Sold, with a long-term gain of $175,000

•   Mutual Fund A, held for less than a year: Sold, with a short-term gain of $125,000

Securities not sold:

•   Mutual Fund B: an unrealized long-term gain of $200,000

•   Stock B: an unrealized long-term loss of $150,000

•   Mutual Fund C: an unrealized short-term loss of $80,000

The potential tax liability from selling Stock A and Mutual Fund A, without tax-loss harvesting, would look like this:

•   Tax without harvesting:
($175,000 x 20%) + ($125,000 x 37%) = $35,000 + $46,250 = $81,250

But if the investor harvested losses by selling Stock B and Mutual Fund C (remember: long-term losses apply to long-term gains first, and short-term losses to short-term gains first), the tax picture would change considerably:

•   Tax with harvesting:
(($175,000 – $150,000) x 20%) + (($125,000 – $80,000) x 37%) = $5,000 + $16,650 = $21,650

Note how the tax-loss harvesting strategy not only reduces the investor’s tax bill, but potentially frees up some money to be reinvested in similar securities (restrictions may apply there; see information on the wash sale rule below).

💡 Quick Tip: It’s smart to invest in a range of assets so that you’re not overly reliant on any one company or market to do well. For example, by investing in different sectors you can add diversification to your portfolio, which may help mitigate some risk factors over time.

Considerations Before Using Tax-Loss Harvesting

As with any investment strategy, it makes sense to think through a decision to sell just for the sake of the tax benefit because there can be other ramifications in terms of your long-term financial plan.

The Wash Sale Rule

For example, if an investor sells losing stocks or other securities they still believe in, or that still play an important role in their overall financial plan, then they may find themselves in a bind. That’s because a tax regulation called the wash sale rule prohibits investors from receiving the benefit of the tax loss if they buy back the same investment too soon after selling it.

Under the IRS wash sale rule, investors must wait 30 days before buying a security or another asset that’s “substantially identical” to the one they just sold. If they do buy an investment that’s the same or substantially identical, then they can’t claim the tax loss.

For an investment that’s seen losses, that 30-day moratorium could mean missing out on growth — and the risk of buying it again later for a higher price.

Matching Losses With Gains

A point that bears repeating: Investors must also pay attention to which securities they sell, in order to execute a tax-loss strategy successfully. Under IRS rules, like goes with like. So, long-term losses must be applied to long-term gains first, and the same goes for short-term losses and short-term gains. After that, any remaining net loss can be applied to either type of gain.

How to Use Net Losses

The difference between capital gains and capital losses is called a net capital gain. If losses exceed gains, that’s a net capital loss.

•   If an investor has an overall net capital loss for the year, they can deduct up to $3,000 against other kinds of income — including their salary and interest income.

•   Any excess net capital loss can be carried over to subsequent years (known as the tax-loss carryforward rule) and deducted against capital gains, and up to $3,000 of other kinds of income — depending on the circumstances.

•   For those who are married filing separately, the annual net capital loss deduction limit is only $1,500.

How to Use Tax-Loss Harvesting to Lower Your Tax Bill

When an investor has a diversified portfolio, every year will likely bring investments that thrive and others that lose money, so there can be a number of different ways to use tax-loss harvesting to lower your tax bill. The most common way, addressed above, is to apply capital losses to capital gains, thereby reducing the amount of tax owed. Here are some other strategies:

Tax-Loss Harvesting When the Market Is Down

For investors looking to invest when the market is down, capital losses can be easy to find. In those cases, some investors can use tax-loss harvesting to diminish the pain of losing money. But over long periods of time, the stock markets have generally gone up. Thus, the opportunity cost of selling out of depressed investments can turn out to be greater than the tax benefit.

It also bears remembering that many trades come with trading fees and other administrative costs, all of which should be factored in before selling stocks to improve one’s tax position at the end of the year.

Tax-Loss Harvesting for Liquidity

There are years when investors need access to capital. It may be for the purchase of a dream home, to invest in a business, or because of unforeseen circumstances. When an investor wants to cash out of the markets, the benefits of tax-loss harvesting can really shine.

In this instance, an investor could face bigger capital-gains taxes, so it makes sense to be strategic about which investments — winners and losers — to sell by year’s end, and minimize any tax burden.

Tax-Loss Harvesting to Rebalance a Portfolio

The potential benefits of maintaining a diversified portfolio are widely known. And to keep that portfolio properly diversified in line with their goals and risk tolerance, investors may want to rebalance their portfolio on a regular basis.

That’s partly because different investments have different returns and losses over time. As a result, an investor could end up with more tech stocks and fewer energy stocks, for example, or more government bonds than small-cap stocks than they intended.

Other possible reasons for rebalancing are if an investor’s goals change, or if they’re drawing closer to one of their long-term goals and want to take on less risk.

That’s why investors check their investments on a regular basis and do a tune-up, selling some stocks and buying others to stay in line with the original plan. This tune-up, or rebalancing, is an opportunity to do some tax-loss harvesting.

How Much Can You Write Off on Your Taxes?

If capital losses exceed capital gains, under IRS rules investors can then deduct a portion of the net losses from their ordinary income to reduce their personal tax liability. Investors can deduct the lesser of $3,000 ($1,500 if married filing separately), or the total net loss shown on line 21 of Schedule D (Form 1040).

In addition, any capital losses over $3,000 can be carried forward to future tax years, where investors can use capital losses to reduce future capital gains. This is known as a tax loss carryforward. So in effect, you can carry forward tax losses indefinitely.

To figure out how to record a tax loss carryforward, you can use the Capital Loss Carryover Worksheet found on the IRS’ Instructions for Schedule D (Form 1040).

Benefits and Drawbacks of Tax-Loss Harvesting

While tax-loss harvesting can offer investors some advantages, it comes with some potential downsides as well.

Benefits of Tax-Loss Harvesting

Obviously the main point of tax-loss harvesting is to reduce the amount of capital gains tax on profits after you sell a security.

Another potential benefit is being able to literally cut some of your losses, when you sell underperforming securities.

Tax-loss harvesting, when done with an eye toward an investor’s portfolio as a whole, can help with balancing or rebalancing (or perhaps resetting) their asset allocation.

As noted above, investors often sell off assets when they need cash. Using a tax-loss harvesting strategy can help do so in a tax-efficient way.

Drawbacks of Tax-Loss Harvesting

While selling underperforming assets may make sense, it’s important to vet these choices as you don’t want to miss out on the gains that might come if the asset bounces back.

Another of the potential risks of tax-loss harvesting is that if it’s done carelessly it can leave a portfolio imbalanced. It might be wise to replace the securities sold with similar ones, in order to maintain the risk-return profile. (Just don’t run afoul of the wash-sale rule.)

Last, it’s possible to incur excessive trading fees that can make a tax-loss harvesting strategy less efficient.

Pros of Tax-Loss Harvesting Cons of Tax-Loss Harvesting
Can lower capital gains taxes Investor might lose out if the security rebounds
Can help with rebalancing a portfolio If done incorrectly, can leave a portfolio imbalanced
Can make a liquidity event more tax efficient Selling assets can add to transaction fees

Creating a Tax-Loss Harvesting Strategy

Interested investors may want to create their own tax-loss harvesting strategy, given the appeal of a lower tax bill. An effective tax-loss harvesting strategy requires a great deal of skill and planning.

It’s important to take into account current capital gains rates, both short and long term. Investors would be wise to also weigh their current asset allocation before they attempt to harvest losses that could leave their portfolios imbalanced.

All in all, any strategy should reflect your long-term goals and aims. While saving money on taxes is important, it’s not the only rationale to rely on for any investment strategy.

The Takeaway

Tax loss harvesting, or selling underperforming stocks and then potentially getting a tax reduction by applying the loss to other investment gains, can be a helpful part of a tax-efficient investing strategy.

There are many reasons an investor might want to do tax-loss harvesting, including when the market is down, when they need liquidity, or when they are rebalancing their portfolio. It’s an individual decision, with many considerations for each investor — including what their ultimate financial goals might be.

FAQ

Is tax-loss harvesting really worth it?

When done carefully, with an eye toward tax efficiency as well as other longer-term goals, tax-loss harvesting can help investors save money that they can invest for the long term.

Does tax-loss harvesting reduce taxable income?

Yes, it can. The point of tax-loss harvesting is to reduce income from investment gains (profits). But also when net losses exceed gains for a given year, the strategy can reduce your taxable income by $3,000 per year going forward.

Can you write off 100% of investment losses?

It depends. Investment losses can be used to offset a commensurate amount in gains, thereby potentially lowering your capital gains tax bill. If there are still net losses that cannot be applied to gains, up to $3,000 per year can be applied to reduce your ordinary income. Net loss amounts in excess of $3,000 would have to be carried forward to future tax years.

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Investment Risk: Diversification can help reduce some investment risk. It cannot guarantee profit, or fully protect in a down market.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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Shares of ETFs must be bought and sold at market price, which can vary significantly from the Fund’s net asset value (NAV). Investment returns are subject to market volatility and shares may be worth more or less their original value when redeemed. The diversification of an ETF will not protect against loss. An ETF may not achieve its stated investment objective. Rebalancing and other activities within the fund may be subject to tax consequences.
Disclaimer: The projections or other information regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results, and are not guarantees of future results.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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