How Much a $1 Million Mortgage Will Cost You

What is the monthly payment on a $1 million mortgage at recent interest rates? If we remove property taxes, property insurance, and mortgage insurance from the equation, you can expect to spend between $6,653 and $8,988 a month on principal and interest alone depending on which loan term you choose. But that’s not the whole story. There’s more you’ll need to know about a $1 million mortgage payment.

Cost of a $1 Million Mortgage

The cost of a $1 million mortgage varies depending on which home mortgage loan you choose and a few other factors, such as interest rate and property taxes. As you may know, different types of mortgage loans have different expenses, such as mortgage insurance, which can change your monthly payment.

Monthly Payments for a $1 Million Mortgage

The monthly payment on a $1 million mortgage is influenced by a variety of factors, which include:

•   Interest rate

•   Fixed vs variable interest rate

•   Mortgage insurance

•   Property insurance

•   Loan term

•   Type of loan

•   Property taxes

Removing all variables except a 7% interest rate, a $1 million mortgage payment would be between $6,653 and $8,988 per month. If you’re a first time home buyer considering a $1 million mortgage, make sure you understand the true cost of buying and owning a home. Remember that your property taxes and some insurance costs may be dictated by your home’s location. (You may want to analyze the cost of living by state. Some of the best affordable places to live in the U.S. may surprise you.)

If these variables are new to you, a home loan help center may smooth out any confusion you may have.

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.

Questions? Call (888)-541-0398.


Where to Get a $1 Million Mortgage

You can get a $1 million mortgage with mortgage lenders such as banks, credit unions, and online lenders. However, they’ll need to offer jumbo home loans since $1 million exceeds the conventional loan limit of $832,750 in most areas. When comparing lenders, look at both interest rates and fees. Loan origination fees, in particular, can vary greatly between lenders.


💡 Quick Tip: A major home purchase may mean a jumbo loan, but it doesn’t have to mean a jumbo down payment. Apply for a jumbo mortgage with SoFi, and you could put as little as 10% down.

What to Consider Before Applying for a $1 Million Mortgage

The monthly payment for a $1 million mortgage isn’t the only thing you should consider. Also keep in mind the total amount you’ll spend on interest for each loan term. For a 30-year loan with a 7% interest rate, you’ll spend $1,395,086 on interest. If you opt for a 15-year loan, you’ll spend just $617,890. This means if you can afford a 15-year loan, you’ll save $777,196.

While you’re home shopping, use a mortgage calculator to see the amount of money you’ll spend monthly and over the life of the loan. You may also want to use a home affordability calculator to incorporate your monthly debts and spending habits into the equation. While you may be able to technically afford a large monthly payment, would the expense leave room for dining out, vacations, and retirement contributions?

During the early years of your mortgage loan, more of your monthly payment typically goes toward paying off the interest on the loan, with a smaller proportion paying down the principal you owe. An amortization schedule shows how the proportions shift and you build equity more quickly in the second half of the loan term. Here are sample schedules for 30-year and 15-year loan terms:

Amortization Schedule, 30-year, 7%

Year Beginning Balance Monthly Payment Total Interest Paid Total Principal Paid Remaining Balance
1 $1,000,000 $6,653.02 $69,678.20 $10,158.10 $989,841.90
2 $989,841.90 $6,653.02 $68,943.87 $10,892.43 $978,949.47
3 $978,949.47 $6,653.02 $68,156.46 $11,679.84 $967,269.63
4 $967,269.63 $6,653.02 $67,312.12 $12,524.18 $954,745.45
5 $954,745.45 $6,653.02 $66,406.75 $13,429.55 $941,315.90
6 $941,315.90 $6,653.02 $65,435.92 $14,400.38 $926,915.52
7 $926,915.52 $6,653.02 $64,394.92 $15,441.38 $911,474.14
8 $911,474.14 $6,653.02 $63,278.66 $16,557.64 $894,916.50
9 $894,916.50 $6,653.02 $62,081.71 $17,754.59 $877,161.91
10 $877,161.91 $6,653.02 $60,798.23 $19,038.07 $858,123.83
11 $858,123.83 $6,653.02 $59,421.96 $20,414.34 $837,709.50
12 $837,709.50 $6,653.02 $57,946.21 $21,890.09 $815,819.40
13 $815,819.40 $6,653.02 $56,363.77 $23,472.53 $792,346.88
14 $792,346.88 $6,653.02 $54,666.94 $25,169.36 $767,177.52
15 $767,177.52 $6,653.02 $52,847.44 $26,988.85 $740,188.66
16 $740,188.66 $6,653.02 $50,896.42 $28,939.88 $711,248.78
17 $711,248.78 $6,653.02 $48,804.35 $31,031.95 $680,216.83
18 $680,216.83 $6,653.02 $46,561.05 $33,275.25 $646,941.58
19 $646,941.58 $6,653.02 $44,155.58 $35,680.72 $611,260.86
20 $611,260.86 $6,653.02 $41,576.22 $38,260.08 $573,000.78
21 $573,000.78 $6,653.02 $38,810.39 $41,025.91 $531,974.88
22 $531,974.88 $6,653.02 $35,844.63 $43,991.67 $487,983.20
23 $487,983.20 $6,653.02 $32,664.47 $47,171.83 $440,811.37
24 $440,811.37 $6,653.02 $29,254.41 $50,581.89 $390,229.48
25 $390,229.48 $6,653.02 $25,597.84 $54,238.46 $335,991.02
26 $335,991.02 $6,653.02 $21,676.94 $58,159.36 $277,831.66
27 $277,831.66 $6,653.02 $17,472.59 $62,363.71 $215,467.96
28 $215,467.96 $6,653.02 $12,964.32 $66,871.98 $148,595.97
29 $148,595.97 $6,653.02 $8,130.14 $71,706.16 $76,889.81
30 $76,889.81 $6,653.02 $2,946.49 $76,889.81 $0

Amortization Schedule, 15-year, 7%

Year Beginning Balance Monthly Payment Total Interest Paid Total Principal Paid Remaining Balance
1 $1,000,000 $8,988.28 $68,761.41 $39,097.98 $960,902.02
2 $960,902.02 $8,988.28 $65,935.02 $41,924.38 $918,977.65
3 $918,977.65 $8,988.28 $62,904.30 $44,955.09 $874,022.55
4 $874,022.55 $8,988.28 $59,654.49 $48,204.90 $825,817.65
5 $825,817.65 $8,988.28 $56,169.76 $51,689.64 $774,128.02
6 $774,128.02 $8,988.28 $52,433.11 $55,426.28 $718,701.74
7 $718,701.74 $8,988.28 $48,426.34 $59,433.05 $659,268.68
8 $659,268.68 $8,988.28 $44,129.92 $63,729.47 $595,539.21
9 $595,539.21 $8,988.28 $39,522.91 $68,336.48 $527,202.73
10 $527,202.73 $8,988.28 $34,582.86 $73,276.53 $453,926.19
11 $453,926.19 $8,988.28 $29,285.69 $78,573.70 $375,352.50
12 $375,352.50 $8,988.28 $23,605.59 $84,253.80 $291,098.70
13 $291,098.70 $8,988.28 $17,514.88 $90,344.51 $200,754.19
14 $200,754.19 $8,988.28 $10,938.87 $96,875.52 $103,878.66
15 $103,878.66 $8,988.28 $3,980.73 $103,878.66 $0

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How to Get a $1 Million Mortgage

Anyone who has ever bought a home will tell you there are tips to qualify for a mortgage. The biggest ones include saving up for a large down payment, paying down your debts, and working on your credit score before applying for a mortgage. Paying off balances lowers your debt to income (DTI) ratio and helps you qualify for better mortgage terms. The maximum DTI is usually around 43%, but it can vary with each lender and borrower.


💡 Quick Tip: Lowering your monthly payments with a mortgage refinance from SoFi can help you find money to pay down other debt, build your rainy-day fund, or put more into your 401(k).

The Takeaway

If you need to borrow $1 million to buy a home, a 15-year mortgage will require around a $9,000 a month mortgage payment, whereas a 30-year mortgage requires around $6,650. Assuming a 7% interest rate, homebuyers can expect to spend between $617,890 and $1,395,086 on interest alone.

Keep in mind that property taxes, home insurance, and mortgage insurance will increase your monthly payment. If you’re in the market to buy a $1 million house, principal and interest will comprise a majority of your monthly costs.

When you’re ready to take the next step, consider what SoFi Home Loans have to offer. Jumbo loans are offered with competitive interest rates, no private mortgage insurance, and down payments as low as 10%.

SoFi Mortgage Loans: We make the home loan process smart and simple.

FAQ

How much is $1,000,000 mortgage a month?

You can expect to spend around $6,653 a month with a 30-year mortgage term and $8,988 a month with a 15-year term. This assumes you have a 7% interest rate (and doesn’t take into account property taxes, mortgage insurance, and property insurance).

How much income is required for a $1,000,000 mortgage?

Housing costs should be at or below 30% of your income. If you were to choose a 30-year mortgage, this suggests that your income should be around $265,000 a year. Choose a 15-year mortgage, and your income should be around $360,000.

How much is a down payment on a $1,000,000 mortgage?

Because a $1,000,000 mortgage typically means a jumbo loan, you may need to make a down payment of at least 10%. That means your minimum down payment would be $111,112 on a home priced around $1,112,000.

Can I afford a $1,000,000 house with $70K salary?

No, a $70,000 salary would not be enough to cover the cost of a mortgage on a $1,000,000 house. Assuming you make around $5,800 a month (before taxes), this would not be enough to cover the minimum payment required of either loan term.


Photo credit: iStock/Paul Bradbury

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*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

‡Up to $9,500 cash back: HomeStory Rewards is offered by HomeStory Real Estate Services, a licensed real estate broker. HomeStory Real Estate Services is not affiliated with SoFi Bank, N.A. (SoFi). SoFi is not responsible for the program provided by HomeStory Real Estate Services. Obtaining a mortgage from SoFi is optional and not required to participate in the program offered by HomeStory Real Estate Services. The borrower may arrange for financing with any lender. Rebate amount based on home sale price, see table for details.

Qualifying for the reward requires using a real estate agent that participates in HomeStory’s broker to broker agreement to complete the real estate buy and/or sell transaction. You retain the right to negotiate buyer and or seller representation agreements. Upon successful close of the transaction, the Real Estate Agent pays a fee to HomeStory Real Estate Services. All Agents have been independently vetted by HomeStory to meet performance expectations required to participate in the program. If you are currently working with a REALTOR®, please disregard this notice. It is not our intention to solicit the offerings of other REALTORS®. A reward is not available where prohibited by state law, including Alaska, Iowa, Louisiana and Missouri. A reduced agent commission may be available for sellers in lieu of the reward in Mississippi, New Jersey, Oklahoma, and Oregon and should be discussed with the agent upon enrollment. No reward will be available for buyers in Mississippi, Oklahoma, and Oregon. A commission credit may be available for buyers in lieu of the reward in New Jersey and must be discussed with the agent upon enrollment and included in a Buyer Agency Agreement with Rebate Provision. Rewards in Kansas and Tennessee are required to be delivered by gift card.

HomeStory will issue the reward using the payment option you select and will be sent to the client enrolled in the program within 45 days of HomeStory Real Estate Services receipt of settlement statements and any other documentation reasonably required to calculate the applicable reward amount. Real estate agent fees and commissions still apply. Short sale transactions do not qualify for the reward. Depending on state regulations highlighted above, reward amount is based on sale price of the home purchased and/or sold and cannot exceed $9,500 per buy or sell transaction. Employer-sponsored relocations may preclude participation in the reward program offering. SoFi is not responsible for the reward.

SoFi Bank, N.A. (NMLS #696891) does not perform any activity that is or could be construed as unlicensed real estate activity, and SoFi is not licensed as a real estate broker. Agents of SoFi are not authorized to perform real estate activity.

If your property is currently listed with a REALTOR®, please disregard this notice. It is not our intention to solicit the offerings of other REALTORS®.

Reward is valid for 18 months from date of enrollment. After 18 months, you must re-enroll to be eligible for a reward.

SoFi loans subject to credit approval. Offer subject to change or cancellation without notice.

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Complete Guide to Investing in Foreign Currency

The Essential Guide to Investing in Foreign Currency

Investing in foreign currency involves purchasing money, or currency, in another country. The market for foreign currency investing is the largest and most liquid in the world. There are some differences between investing in foreign currency and investing in stocks or bonds, though, that investors should be aware of.

Further, foreign currency investing can be somewhat confusing to new investors, and it also entails its own unique risks. For that reason, it can be beneficial to learn the basics before folding it into an investment strategy.

Understanding Foreign Currency Investment

As noted, investing in foreign currency means purchasing another country’s currency, or money, as a means of investment. You’re not planning on spending it, in other words, and are hoping that it accrues value to generate a return. It’s also different from exchanging foreign currency, though it may feel similar.

Foreign currency investment is often, or typically done via “forex” trading. Forex is short for “foreign exchange market,” and refers to trading fiat currencies, or those that are backed by the government that uses them. For example, an investor could trade their United States dollars (USD) for Euros. Or, they can trade their Japanese yen for New Zealand dollars.

Key Takeaways for New Investors

Forex trades can happen at any time throughout the day, since there’s always a foreign currency market open somewhere in the world. Foreign currency investors are typically institutional investors, although it is possible for individual investors to participate.

Investors should also know that currencies tend to trade in pairs — more on that below.

Alternative investments,
now for the rest of us.

Explore trading funds that include commodities, private credit, real estate, venture capital, and more.


Exploring the Benefits of Investing in Foreign Currencies

Like other types of investments, forex trading, or investing in foreign currencies, can offer up some benefits.

Diversification of Portfolio

For one, investing in foreign currencies can add a degree of diversification to an investor’s portfolio. That means that while an investor may have built a portfolio with a number of other investments, such as stocks, bonds, and ETFs, foreign currency can be another element in the mix. Note, though, that it’s likely foreign currency should only comprise a small portion of a portfolio’s overall holdings.

Convenience and Accessible Markets

The forex markets operate 24 hours per day, 365 days per year, unlike the standard stock exchanges. So, for investors who want to trade around the clock, the markets are almost always accessible.

There are four major forex trading sessions in a 24-hour period, split up by international region:

•   Sydney (Australia)

•   Tokyo (Asia)

•   London (Europe)

•   New York (The Americas)

There are minor sessions, too, but these are the four major sessions, and markets can be busy (when the Americas’ session overlaps with Europe’s), or less busy, depending on the time of day, and how many people are actively trading.

Hedge Against Domestic Currency Inflation

It’s possible that while a domestic currency is losing value due to inflation, foreign currencies could retain their value at the same time. That would, theoretically, provide investors with a hedge against inflation — but there’s no guarantee prevailing market forces would work to an investor’s advantage in such a scenario.

💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

Ways to Invest in Foreign Currencies

Foreign currency investment doesn’t typically involve using physical money, so you’ll have to find something else to do with the foreign currency left over from your last international vacation. There are several ways to get started in currency exchange investment.

1. Standard Forex Trading Account

First, you can work with a foreign exchange brokerage to trade the currency you’re holding (such as U.S. dollars) for another currency (Euros, Yen, etc.). The goal is that the currency you’re trading for, or buying, will increase in value relative to the currency you’re trading away, or selling.

So, if you buy, or trade U.S. dollars for Euros, you’re hoping that in the future, you’d be able to trade the Euros back for more U.S. dollars than you originally used to make the purchase. You’re looking to make a profit, in other words.

While the goal is straightforward, the process can get more complicated. For instance, there are a few ways traders can execute trades, such as spot trading, forward trading, and future trading. Spot trading is an instant trade, whereas forward and future trading may involve settling on terms at a time in the future (similar to trading options).

Further, investors should understand the concept of the spread, which represents the difference between a trader’s cost and the dealer’s profits.

Beyond that, investors should also have a working knowledge of currency pairs, which is how much of the forex market trades. More on that below.

2. Currency CDs and Savings Accounts

Investors can also look into foreign currency CDs (certificates of deposit), which work more or less like traditional CDs but might offer higher yields. Foreign savings accounts are another potential option, and can serve as investment vehicles by accruing interest and currency appreciation, though nothing is guaranteed.

3. Foreign Bond Funds

Investors can look at the possibility of purchasing foreign bonds, which are issued in other countries by foreign governments or foreign companies. There are many types of foreign bond investment types, so investors would do well to do a bit of research to figure out if it’d be a good addition to their portfolio.

4. Currency ETFs

As mentioned, investors may want to look at currency ETFs. These ETFs are similar to foreign bond funds, there are also foreign currency ETFs on the market, which offer many of the same advantages of domestic or traditional ETFs, but can give investors exposure to the forex market. Likewise, exchange-traded notes, or ETNs, which are similar to bonds, are another potential investment investors can check out.

💡 Looking for other alternatives to invest in? Check out: 10 Types of Alternative Investments

The Risks Associated with Foreign Currency Investment

Foreign currency investment isn’t without risk, and in fact, can introduce some types of risk that investors may not otherwise encounter — such as political and interest rate risks.

Market Volatility and Political Risks

Since forex markets are so active, prices can change quickly, which means it’s a fairly volatile asset class. The news cycle (including economic, political, or social news) can cause sudden and drastic changes to prices. That means it may be a better fit for investors with a relatively high risk tolerance than those who are more risk averse.

Political risk is something to consider, too, as currencies are backed by governments. If a foreign government is unstable or otherwise involved in some sort of political drama, it can affect the price of a currency. That can pose a risk to investors.

Interest Rate Risk

Some investments incur interest rate risk, which is when an investment loses value due to a fluctuation in interest rates. Foreign currencies may be subject to such risk, though interest rate risk is more commonly associated with bonds.

Currency Conversion and Transfer Costs

There may also be additional costs associated with currency trading and investing, including currency conversion and transfer costs. These may not always be applicable, but are something that investors should at least be aware of in the event that they do encounter them.

How to Approach Foreign Currency Safely

In order to invest in foreign currency investing as safely as possible — remember, no investment is completely safe or risk-free — investors should brush up on the mechanics of the forex market, and know what they’re getting into.

Education is Key: Understanding the Mechanics of Currency Investment

A couple of things investors should also know about are “pips,” and the use of leverage in forex trading.

A “pip” is a unit of measure that represents the smallest unit of value in a currency quote. Using the above quote as an example, the difference between the “bid” (1.2100) and the “ask” (1.2104) is four pips.

Why does this matter? Because currency values fluctuate very slightly during the trading day, perhaps only several pips. That means that to make a significant return, traders deal with large quantities of currencies.

And as for leverage? To get to those large quantities, traders often use leverage. For example, you may give your broker $100 to trade with $10,000 on the markets (using, or borrowing the broker’s $9,900 to make trades is called “margin”). Most forex trading is done this way, using leverage and margin in order to generate returns.

That, of course, has its risks, since traders may incur losses, and end up owing money to their brokers. For beginners, it may be best to use lower margins for that very reason.

The Importance of a Bid-Ask Spread

Also noted previously, the bid-ask spread is another important concept to know and incorporate if you’re trading or investing in foreign currency. Effectively, the spread refers to the difference between a trader’s cost and the dealer’s profits. There’s a slight difference in what you’re willing to pay, and what a seller is willing to sell for. In forex trading, the spread can be important to calculating overall potential returns.

Evaluating Risks Versus Rewards

Above all, it’s critical that investors keep their own personal risk tolerances in mind, and weigh that against the potential gains they could see from foreign currency investing. It may not be a good fit for everyone’s investment strategy.

Currency Investment Strategies for Beginners

Forex trading is different from other types of investing or trading. Generally, investing in or trading foreign currency involves pairs of currencies. That’s because two different currencies are quoted based on their relative value to each other. On an exchange, that may appear as “USD/EUR,” or something similar, while a pairing of Japanese yen and Euros, it may be represented as such: “JPY/EUR.”

Some currencies are more widely traded than others and are “paired” with one another or grouped as “major” currencies:

•   U.S. dollars

•   Euros

•   Japanese yen

•   British pounds

•   Swiss francs

•   Australian dollars

•   Canadian dollars

•   New Zealand dollars

There are also “minor” and “exotic” currency pairs. These are not traded as widely as the majors, but are still often swapped on exchanges. They may include pairings with the Hong Kong dollar, the Mexican peso, the Singapore dollar, or the Norwegian krone, among others.

Additionally, investors should know about foreign currency quotes. These quotes are similar to stock quotes, which list the current value, or price of a stock. Forex quotes display the bid and ask prices for a currency pair, since one currency’s value is relative to another currency. Here’s an example of a quote for a common pairing, Euros and U.S. dollars:

EUR/USD = 1.2100

In this example, Euros are the “base” currency, and U.S. dollars are the “quote” currency. What does the quote say, exactly? That a single Euro is equal to 1.21 U.S. dollars. Or, €1 = $1.21.

So, in terms of a basic trading strategy for a beginner? It may be best to choose a pair and stick to it — at least for a while, until you get the gist of it. After that, you can look at other, more in-depth trading strategies.

Broadening Your Investment Horizon With Currency ETFs

As mentioned, investors may want to look at currency ETFs. These ETFs are similar to foreign bond funds, there are also foreign currency ETFs on the market, which offer many of the same advantages of domestic or traditional ETFs, but can give investors exposure to the forex market. Likewise, exchange-traded notes, or ETNs, which are similar to bonds, are another potential investment investors can check out.

Advanced Currency Investment Options

While investors can trade currency itself, they can also look at more advanced ways of investing in the forex markets. That can include trading futures and options, or other types of relevant derivatives.

Foreign Currency Futures and Options — An Introduction

First and foremost, investors should be aware of the unique risks that financial derivatives can introduce into their portfolios. Trading options contracts is a whole different beast from choosing stocks, so before you dive headfirst into forex options, it may be worth it to speak to a financial professional.

But at their core, currency options are derivatives, with currency itself as their underlying asset. There are calls, puts, and futures — if you’re not familiar with traditional options, it may be a good idea to review the basics before looking at forex options.

In effect, though, these options allow investors to hedge against unfavorable fluctuations of foreign currencies, or to speculate on volatility in the forex market. Again, it’s fairly high-level stuff, so if you feel like it’s over your head, it may be best to bone up on your investment knowledge before including options trading in your overall strategy.

The Takeaway

Trading or investing in foreign currency is yet another avenue that investors can explore in an attempt to generate returns. As discussed, it involves actually purchasing money with money — foreign currencies — with the hopes that the price differences will work in the investors’ favor, and they’ll generate returns. Foreign currency markets are also extremely liquid, which is another potential upside for some traders.

As always, though, there are risks to consider, and learning the ropes of the foreign currency markets may be tricky. If investors feel like they want to get their feet wet in the market, though, without diving straight in, it may be worthwhile to discuss their plans with a financial professional.

Ready to expand your portfolio's growth potential? Alternative investments, traditionally available to high-net-worth individuals, are accessible to everyday investors on SoFi's easy-to-use platform. Investments in commodities, real estate, venture capital, and more are now within reach. Alternative investments can be high risk, so it's important to consider your portfolio goals and risk tolerance to determine if they're right for you.


Invest in alts to take your portfolio beyond stocks and bonds.


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An investor should consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses of the Fund carefully before investing. This and other important information are contained in the Fund’s prospectus. For a current prospectus, please click the Prospectus link on the Fund’s respective page. The prospectus should be read carefully prior to investing.
Alternative investments, including funds that invest in alternative investments, are risky and may not be suitable for all investors. Alternative investments often employ leveraging and other speculative practices that increase an investor's risk of loss to include complete loss of investment, often charge high fees, and can be highly illiquid and volatile. Alternative investments may lack diversification, involve complex tax structures and have delays in reporting important tax information. Registered and unregistered alternative investments are not subject to the same regulatory requirements as mutual funds.
Please note that Interval Funds are illiquid instruments, hence the ability to trade on your timeline may be restricted. Investors should review the fee schedule for Interval Funds via the prospectus.


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SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes.

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How Time-Weighted Rate of Return Measures Your Investment Gains

How Time-Weighted Rate of Return Measures Your Investment Gains

One of the most important and most common methods investors use to measure their returns is the time weighted rate of return formula. That’s because the time-weighted rate of return measures a compound rate of growth.

The time-weighted rate of return incorporates the impact of transactions such as portfolios rebalancing, contributions, and withdrawals. That leaves investors with a clearer picture of their portfolio’s overall performance.

What Is the Time-Weighted Rate of Return?

Starting with the basics, a return on investment (ROI) is a measure of how much money investments earn, or how much they’ve grown in value. Returns can be positive or negative (if a stock loses value following its purchase, for example). But obviously, investors make decisions with the goal of earning positive returns.

A rate of return, then, is a measure of the pace at which investments are accruing value, expressed as a percentage. The higher the rate of return, the better. Essentially, it’s a measure of a portfolio’s or investment’s performance over time. Rates of return can be calculated for certain time periods, such as a month or a year, and can be helpful when comparing different types of investments.

But investment portfolios are rarely static. Many investors make contributions or withdrawals to their portfolios on a regular basis. Many people contribute to their 401(k) with each paycheck, for example, or rebalance when market moves throw their asset allocation out of whack.

During these transactions, investors are buying and selling investments at different prices and times based on their investing strategy. That can make it more difficult and complicated to calculate a portfolio’s overall rate of return.

That’s where the time-weighted rate of return formula becomes useful. In short, the time-weighted rate of return formula takes into account a portfolio’s cash flows, and bakes in their effect on the portfolio’s overall returns. That gives investors a better, more accurate assessment of their portfolio’s performance.

That’s why the time-weighted rate of return calculation is, for many in the financial industry, the standard formula for gauging performance, over both the short- and the long-term.

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The Time-Weighted Rate of Return Formula

The time-weighted rate of return formula can look intimidating for even seasoned investors, but it’s an important step in building and maintaining an investment portfolio. But like many other financial formulas, once the variables are identified, it’s a matter of plug-and-play to run through the calculation.

First, let’s take a look at the basic portfolio return calculation:

Basic portfolio return = (Current value of portfolio – initial value of portfolio) ÷ initial value

While this formula provides a value, it assumes that an investor made one investment and simply left their money in-place to grow. But again, investors tend to make numerous investments over several time periods, limiting this calculation’s ability to tell an investor much about their strategy’s effectiveness.

That’s where the time-weighted rate of return comes in. In essence, the time-weighted formula calculates returns for a number of different time periods — usually additional purchases, withdrawals, or sales of the investment.

It then “weights” each time period (assigns them all roughly equal importance, regardless of how much was invested or withdrawn during a given period). Then, the performance of each period is included in the formula to get an overall rate of return for a specified period.

Calculating the time-weighted rate of return over the course of a year, for instance, would include the performance from each individual month. And, yes, that’s a lot of math. Computers and software programs can help, but it’s also doable the old-fashioned way.

This is what the time-weighted rate of return formula looks like:

Time-weighted return = [(1 + RTP1)(1 + RTP2)(1 + RTPn)] – 1

There are variables needed to calculate the equation:

n = Number of time periods, or months
RTP = Return for time period (month) = (End value – initial value + cash flow) ÷ (initial value + cash flow)
RTPn = Return for the time period “n”, depending on how many time periods there are

Let’s break it down again, and assume we’re trying to calculate the time-weighted return over three months. That would involve calculating the return for each individual month, three in all. Then, multiplying those returns together — “weighting” them — to arrive at an overall, time-weighted return.

💡 Quick Tip: Look for an online brokerage with low trading commissions as well as no account minimum. Higher fees can cut into investment returns over time.

How to Calculate Time-Weighted Rate of Return

To run through an example, assume we want to calculate a three-month, time-weighted return. An investor invests $100 in their portfolio on January 31. On February 15, the portfolio has a value of $102, and the investor makes an additional deposit of $5. At the end of the three-month period on April 30, the portfolio contains $115.

For this calculation, we wouldn’t think of our time periods as merely months. Instead, the time periods would be split in two — one for when a new deposit was made. So, there was the initial $100 deposit that would constitute a time period that ends on February 15. Then a second time period, when the $5 deposit was made, which constitutes a second time period.

With this information, we can make the calculation. That includes calculating the return for each time period during our three-month stretch. So, for time period one, the basic formula looks like this:

Return for time period = (End value – initial value + cash flow) ÷ (initial value + cash flow)

Now, we plug in our variables and calculate. Remember, there was no additional cash flow during this first period, so that won’t be included in this first calculation.

Time period 1:
($102 – $100) ÷ $100 = 0.02, or 2%

Then, do the same to calculate time period two’s return:

Time period 2:
[$115 – ($102 + $5)] ÷ ($102 + $5) = 0.074, or 7.4%

Now, take the returns from these two time periods and use them in the time-weighted rate of return formula:

Time-weighted return = [(1 + RTP1)(1 + RTP2)(1 + RTPn) – 1

With the variables — remember to properly use percentages!

TWR = [(1 + 0.02) x (1 + 0.074)] – 1 = 0.95, or 9.5%

So, the time-weighted return over this three-month stretch (which included two time periods for our calculation), is 9.5%. If we had simply done a basic return calculation, we’d reach a different number:

Basic portfolio return = (Current value of portfolio – initial value of portfolio) ÷ initial value
$115 – $100 ÷ $100 = 0.15, or 15%

That 15% figure is too high, because it doesn’t account for cash flow. In this case, that was a $5 deposit made in mid-February. The basic return formula folds that into the overall return figure. The time-weighted calculation gives us a more accurate return percentage, and one that accounts for that mid-February deposit.

Other calculations

While the time-weighted rate of return is an important measurement, it’s not the only way to look at a portfolio’s returns. Some investors may also choose to evaluate a portfolio or investment based on its money-weighted rate of return. That calculation is similar to the time-weighted rate of return because it incorporates inflows and outflows, but it does not break the overall investment period into smaller intervals.

Another common measure is the compound annual growth rate, (CAGR), which measures an investment’s annual growth rate over time and does not include the impact of inflows and outflows.

The Takeaway

Having an accurate, timely view of a portfolio’s performance is critical for understanding current investments, planning future investments, and considering changes to your asset allocation. While other rate of return calculations can be useful, it’s important to understand their limitations.

The time-weighted rate of return formula is helpful because it takes into account the numerous inflows and outflows of money over various time periods. Armed with that insight, investors can adjust their strategy to try to increase their rate of return. That may mean reallocating or rebalancing their portfolio to include more aggressive investments or less risky securities.

Ready to invest in your goals? It’s easy to get started when you open an investment account with SoFi Invest. You can invest in stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, and more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

¹Opening and funding an Active Invest account gives you the opportunity to get up to $3,000 in the stock of your choice.

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SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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What is Ripple XRP? Everything to Know for 2022

Cryptocurrency is a fast-moving space with new technologies and names arising on a daily basis. One of the largest and more polarizing subjects in the space is Ripple XRP, a private-company-founded platform and cryptocurrency launched in 2012. It has gained notoriety for its unique founding, structure, and operations.

Ardent supporters back its real-world adoption and growth potential. Dissenters contend that because of many of these same factors, it’s philosophically misaligned with cryptocurrency ideals and fundamentals.

Despite these contentions, Ripple XRP has grown to become a household name in cryptocurrency. Here’s everything you need to know about this cryptocurrency, and how to invest in it.

What Is Ripple?

Ripple is both a currency-exchange system designed to allow fast and low-cost transactions, and a cryptocurrency in its own right. Ripple’s primary goal is to connect financial institutions, payment providers, and digital asset exchanges to provide faster and cheaper global payments.

Created in 2012 by Jed McCaleb and Chris Larsen, Ripple is perhaps better known for its open-source, peer-to-peer decentralized platform, RippleNet, which enables money to be transferred globally in any fiat or cryptocurrency denomination between financial institutions.

Ripple makes some improvements on common shortfalls associated with traditional banks. Transactions on the Ripple Network are settled in seconds even under the regular stress of millions of transactions. Compare this to banks’ wire transfers which typically can take days to weeks to complete and can cost anywhere from $15 to $30 or more if sending or receiving internationally. Fees on Ripple vary based on the transaction size but overall are minimal, with the minimum cost for a standard transaction at 0.00001 XRP.

Whereas top cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin are designed to be used primarily by individuals, Ripple’s system is designed to be adopted by banks, funds, and institutions.

What Is XRP?

XRP is the currency issued and managed by Ripple (though users can also create their own currency on the platform). Ripple began selling XRP in 2012 to fund company operations, allowing its users to buy cryptocurrency, though it has taken a backseat to the company’s primary objective of developing RippleNet.

Throughout Ripple’s lifespan, leadership has reframed how XRP fits into the company’s business model, originally proclaiming it as the fuel on which its borderless payments technology runs, and later as a more efficient medium of exchange than Bitcoin.

XRP tokens represent the transfer of value across the Ripple network and can be traded on the open cryptocurrency market by anyone. Unlike Bitcoin’s popular store-of-value narrative use-case, XRP is primarily used for payments and borderless currency exchange. While Ripple’s centralized infrastructure concerns some in the cryptocurrency space, its fast transaction speeds, low transaction costs, and low energy usage provide superior performance as a medium of exchange compared to many blockchain-based cryptocurrencies.

(Need a crash course on crypto before you can read any further? Check out our guide to cryptocurrency.)

What is the XRP Price?

At the time of reporting, the XRP price is $0.474494. It’s all-time high was $3.8419 in January 2018. It went as low as $.0041 in November 2015.

How Does Ripple Work?

There are two main technologies to be aware of when it comes to Ripple and XRP. Specifically, the XRP ledger (XRPL) and the Ripple Protocol Consensus Algorithm (RPCA). Here’s how they work.

XRP Ledger (XRPL)

RippleNet is built on top of its own blockchain-like distributed ledger database, XRP Ledger (XRPL), which stores accounting information of network participants and matches exchanges among multiple currency pairs. The transaction ledger is maintained by a committee of validators who act like miners and full-node operators to reach consensus in three to five seconds—versus Bitcoin’s 10 minutes. Because there are no miners competing to confirm transactions for block rewards, validators verify transactions for no monetary reward.

Anyone can become an XRP validator, but in order to gain trust and be used by others on the network, validators must make Ripple’s unique node list (UNL), deeming them a trusted Ripple validator. These centralized validators are critical to prevent double-spending and censorship of transactions. There are only 35 active XRP validators; six are run by Ripple.

Ripple Protocol Consensus Algorithm (RPCA)

XRP’s design is predicated on speed and cost, as opposed to decentralization. Unlike different types of cryptocurrency like Bitcoin and Ethereum, which are built on the blockchain and validated by miners through the Proof of Work consensus mechanism, Ripple confirms transactions through its own consensus mechanism, the Ripple Protocol Consensus Algorithm (RPCA).

By avoiding Proof of Work’s energy-intensive mining, Ripple transactions require less energy than Bitcoin or Ethereum, are confirmed faster, and cost less. However, this speed is ultimately achieved because of XRP’s centralized infrastructure, which some argue makes the network less secure, censorship-resistant, and permissionless than open-source blockchain networks.

Ripple Cryptocurrency Token Supply

Unlike many other cryptocurrencies, XRP is not mined. The token’s entire supply was created when the network first launched in 2012 and Ripple executives intermittently tap into an escrow to release segments of the supply to sell on the open market.

In other words, unlike Bitcoin’s decentralized economy, XRP’s supply and issuance is centralized and governed by a few authorities. Because the total supply already exists, no more will be created into existence, thus making XRP fixed in quantity and not inflationary.

As of January 2021, only 45 billion XRP tokens are in circulation, out of the maximum total 100 billion. Due to the vast circulating supply, XRP has had one of the largest market caps of any cryptocurrency, even briefly eclipsing that of Ethereum’s second-largest cap late in the 2017-2018 bull market.

Ripple Crypto and Regulatory Trouble

In late 2020, Ripple became the target of an SEC investigation . The regulatory body determined that Ripple Labs Inc. and two of its executives, Co-Founder Chris Larsen and CEO Bradley Garlinghouse, had raised over $1.3 billion through an “unregistered, ongoing digital asset securities offering” to finance the company’s operations. Consistent with recent cryptocurrency rules set by the SEC, Ripple’s leaders were charged with unlawful issuance of securities in the form of sales of its XRP token, raising questions about compliance with cryptocurrency taxes.

The XRP price crashed amid the fallout, from over $0.60 to under $0.30, as prominent crypto exchanges began delisting the token and Ripple executives, including Founder Jed McCaleb, sold off personal XRP holdings worth millions.

Is Ripple a Good Investment?

Though XRP has been impacted by Ripple’s legal blow, XRP is an independent token that can and does function somewhat outside of Ripple’s business model. The crash in price and soured fundamental outlook may not paint a bright picture of XRP as an investment to some. Whether XRP recovers and continues to evolve with the rest of the crypto herd remains to be seen, but as investors look for value in undervalued assets, it doesn’t hurt to do further research and form an educated conclusion.

Pros and Cons of Ripple XRP

Because Ripple is different in some ways from other cryptocurrencies, it makes sense to review its perceived pros and cons before making any investing decisions.

Pros of Ripple XRP

•  Fast speeds
•  Low fees
•  Interest/tentative adoption by financial institutions

Cons of Ripple XRP

•  Centralized infrastructure, governance, issuance
•  Corruptible validators
•  Unsupported by many exchanges

How to Invest in XRP

To start investing in Ripple, you first need to join a crypto exchange. Signing up for an account could include different verification processes, depending on the exchange. Once you’re signed up, you’re ready to trade or buy Ripple XRP. You can trade any current crypto you own, or you can buy a major cryptocurrency like Bitcoin or Ethereum and then use that to buy Ripple XRP.

The Takeaway

Ripple XRP is a global digital payments system that sacrifices decentralization for performance. The network and technology is owned and at least partly run by Ripple, the private company, which controls the underlying infrastructure, supply, and some of the limited network validators. While Ripple strays from the conventional decentralization model adopted by leading cryptos Bitcoin and Ethereum, it conforms to some degree through its own specially — designed infrastructure.

Although Ripple’s primary goal is providing a borderless payments and currency exchange gateway for financial institutions, its native cryptocurrency XRP has taken on a life of its own and is actively traded and analyzed by investors. With high-ranking metrics such as fast and inexpensive transactions, some investors argue XRP is a strong competitor to large cryptocurrency blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum. Conversely, Ripple XRP’s centralization has been a major philosophical and security concern for others — including US regulatory bodies.

Cryptocurrency is an exciting new technology that’s disrupting money as we know it. With SoFi Invest®, members can trade some of the most popular cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin, Ethereum, Cardano, Dogecoin, and Litecoin.

Find out how to invest in cryptocurrencies with SoFi Invest.


INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

CRYPTOCURRENCY AND OTHER DIGITAL ASSETS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE


Cryptocurrency and other digital assets are highly speculative, involve significant risk, and may result in the complete loss of value. Cryptocurrency and other digital assets are not deposits, are not insured by the FDIC or SIPC, are not bank guaranteed, and may lose value.

All cryptocurrency transactions, once submitted to the blockchain, are final and irreversible. SoFi is not responsible for any failure or delay in processing a transaction resulting from factors beyond its reasonable control, including blockchain network congestion, protocol or network operations, or incorrect address information. Availability of specific digital assets, features, and services is subject to change and may be limited by applicable law and regulation.

SoFi Crypto products and services are offered by SoFi Bank, N.A., a national bank regulated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. SoFi Bank does not provide investment, tax, or legal advice. Please refer to the SoFi Crypto account agreement for additional terms and conditions.

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Investing in Bitcoin ETFs

The first three bitcoin ETFs (exchange-traded funds) became available in the U.S. in October and November of 2021. All three are tied to bitcoin futures contracts; they aren’t tied to bitcoin’s daily market price.

Bitcoin spot ETFs have existed in Canada and Europe for years, and there are several applications for spot ETFs in the U.S., but the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which regulates financial markets, has not yet approved them here.

Keep reading to learn more about the advantages of a bitcoin-based ETF, the controversy in bringing these new funds to market, and whether bitcoin futures ETFs might suit your investment strategy.

Why a Bitcoin ETF?

In order to understand the evolution of the first bitcoin ETFs, it’s important to grasp the significant changes crypto has brought to the field of finance.

Ever since the launch of Bitcoin in 2009 as the world’s first decentralized, digital currency, investors’ appetite for cryptocurrency has only grown. And no wonder: In just over a dozen years, the market has gone from a single coin to thousands of alt coins, tokens, and blockchain platforms that promise to revolutionize everything from our monetary systems to supply chains, art, and more. As of December 6, 2021, the total market capitalization of all cryptocurrencies was about $3 trillion, with no signs of slowing.

For some crypto speculators, the rewards have outweighed the potential downsides of this highly volatile market. But for many retail investors, putting their money into coins and exchanges that are largely unregulated has seemed fraught with risk.

Recommended: What Is Bitcoin and How Does It Work?

Buying bitcoin or any form of crypto has also presented challenges to by-the-book investors, who need to embrace new skills in order to execute even a basic crypto trade — from setting up a crypto wallet to understanding how to use and store public and private keys. As many readers know, investors who lose the private keys that give them access to their crypto assets essentially lose those assets. By some estimates, as much as 20% of bitcoin has been lost due to investors losing those all-important keys.

Thus, the idea of creating more traditional investments like bitcoin ETFs was appealing on many levels. A bitcoin ETF offered a way to give investors exposure to the world’s oldest and biggest cryptocurrency, while mitigating some of the potential risks and logistical challenges of buying and owning crypto. And bitcoin ETFs and mutual funds could be traded from standard brokerage accounts.

So why has it been so complicated to launch a bitcoin ETF?

Bitcoin ETFs: The History

Before an ETF can be listed on a U.S. exchange, it must be approved by the SEC. Thus far, however, the regulatory agency has taken a firm stand against bitcoin and other crypto-related funds because bitcoin, being unregulated itself and traded on exchanges that are largely unregulated as well, can be susceptible to fraud and manipulation.

Crypto entrepreneurs Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss, known for their Gemini digital currency exchange (among other things), were among the first to petition to launch a bitcoin ETF, but it was rejected owing to bitcoin’s potential vulnerabilities. In its 2017 denial of the petition, the SEC wrote: “Based on the record before it, the Commission believes that the significant markets for bitcoin are unregulated.”

Crypto as currency, security, or commodity?

The approval of crypto-related funds was further hampered by a debate over how cryptocurrencies should be categorized — a question that would determine how the market was regulated. Although most crypto are referred to as currencies, in fact cryptocurrencies aren’t widely used as legal tender to pay for goods or services (although that seems to be changing).

In a statement by SEC chair Gary Gensler in September 2021, he indicated that many types of crypto should be considered securities, raising concerns in the industry about the level of oversight that could follow, given that securities are regulated by the SEC.

Bitcoin and Ethereum, however, are among those considered to be commodities. Given that commodity markets are generally not as closely regulated as securities — which are subject to rules on price transparency, as well as higher standards for reporting, and market abuse oversight — some companies saw this as an opportunity.

The path to approval

Even though regulators in Canada and some countries in Europe have approved a range of bitcoin and crypto-related ETFs and mutual funds over the last few years, the SEC’s stance regarding U.S. markets only began to shift in 2021 when Chair Gary Gensler indicated an openness to ETFs tied to bitcoin futures contracts rather than the spot price of the crypto.

Because futures contracts are overseen by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, and fall under the Investment Company Act of 1940, the SEC considered this structure to potentially offer investors more protection. The SEC approved the first bitcoin ETF in October 2021.

What Are the First 3 Bitcoin ETFs?

As of December 6, 2021, there were three bitcoin ETFs in the U.S.

On October 19, 2021, the ProShares Bitcoin Strategy ETF (BITO) became the first ETF to offer investors exposure to Bitcoin futures, with two more launched shortly after its debut. A few days after the ProShares’ ETF went public, the Valkyrie Bitcoin Strategy ETF (BTF) launched, followed by the VanEck Bitcoin
Strategy ETF
(XBTF) on Nov. 15, 2021.

These funds do not invest directly in “physical” bitcoin (i.e. actual bitcoin assets) but shorter-term, cash-settled contracts that are traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange or CME.

Recommended: Is Crypto a Commodity or a Security?

The bitcoin ETF debate continues

Despite initial excitement and a wave of investor interest in the funds, some financial institutions are challenging the SEC’s decision to limit bitcoin ETFs to derivatives, and increasing pressure on the agency to reconsider its ruling on bitcoin spot ETFs.

Lawyers for one of the applicants, Grayscale Bitcoin Trust, argued that the SEC has “no basis for the position that investing in the derivatives market for an asset is acceptable for investors while investing in the asset itself is not.”

They also asserted that the SEC is obligated to treat like situations alike, and to do otherwise is “arbitrary and capricious,” meaning that to be fair the SEC must consider similar investments in a similar light.

What Are Bitcoin Futures?

Bitcoin futures are similar to any futures contract for an underlying asset like a commodity or stock. This allows investors to speculate on the future price of bitcoin.

Investors can purchase monthly contracts for cash settlement (rather than actual bitcoin) on the CME. Thus it’s possible to trade bitcoin futures without needing a bitcoin wallet, and holding onto a volatile asset and then being subject to potential price fluctuations.

Uses of bitcoin futures

Trading bitcoin futures may offer a number of benefits. For bitcoin miners, futures can allow them to lock in prices that ensure a return on their mining investments, regardless of bitcoin’s price trajectory.

Bitcoin investors can also use futures to hedge against their positions in the spot market.

And because bitcoin futures contracts are regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), large institutional investors may now consider these assets as a possibility for their portfolios. Prior to this, bitcoin has been largely unregulated, making it too risky an asset for most institutional investors.

What Other Bitcoin ETFs and Funds Exist?

Investors have channeled billions of dollars into a wide and growing variety of crypto ETFs and other funds that are thriving in Canada and Europe. While some of these funds are from smaller players, in Q4 of 2021 Fidelity became the largest asset manager to launch a bitcoin spot ETF on the Toronto exchange.

In addition to crypto-related instruments, it’s possible to invest in a number of other crypto- and blockchain-related companies, including crypto exchanges and mining technology companies.

The Takeaway

For investors curious about the cryptocurrency market but not yet ready to take the plunge, a bitcoin ETF may represent a convenient option. But as of December 2021, the SEC has rejected applications to create any securities tied to the daily spot price of bitcoin, limiting bitcoin-related investments to the derivatives market.

While investing in a bitcoin futures ETF is different than investing in a “physical” or spot bitcoin fund, it may offer some advantages. But it’s wise to understand how futures work before investing in these funds. To better understand how bitcoin and other cryptocurrency works, you can get started trading right away when you open a SoFi Invest® account, which also enables you to trade stocks, ETFs, and more.

Get started on SoFi Invest today.


INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE

SoFi Invest is a trade name used by SoFi Wealth LLC and SoFi Securities LLC offering investment products and services. Robo investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser. Brokerage and self-directed investing products offered through SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA/SIPC.

For disclosures on SoFi Invest platforms visit SoFi.com/legal. For a full listing of the fees associated with Sofi Invest please view our fee schedule.

CRYPTOCURRENCY AND OTHER DIGITAL ASSETS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE


Cryptocurrency and other digital assets are highly speculative, involve significant risk, and may result in the complete loss of value. Cryptocurrency and other digital assets are not deposits, are not insured by the FDIC or SIPC, are not bank guaranteed, and may lose value.

All cryptocurrency transactions, once submitted to the blockchain, are final and irreversible. SoFi is not responsible for any failure or delay in processing a transaction resulting from factors beyond its reasonable control, including blockchain network congestion, protocol or network operations, or incorrect address information. Availability of specific digital assets, features, and services is subject to change and may be limited by applicable law and regulation.

SoFi Crypto products and services are offered by SoFi Bank, N.A., a national bank regulated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. SoFi Bank does not provide investment, tax, or legal advice. Please refer to the SoFi Crypto account agreement for additional terms and conditions.


Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs): Investors should carefully consider the information contained in the prospectus, which contains the Fund’s investment objectives, risks, charges, expenses, and other relevant information. You may obtain a prospectus from the Fund company’s website or by emailing customer service at [email protected]. Please read the prospectus carefully prior to investing.

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