Guide to Writing Put Options

Guide to Writing Put Options

Puts, or put options, are contracts between a buyer – known as the holder of an option – and a seller – known as the writer of an option – that gives the buyer the right to sell an asset, like a stock or exchange-traded fund (ETF), at a specific price within a specified time period. The seller of the put option is obligated to buy the asset at the strike price if the buyer exercises their option to sell.

Writing a put option is also known as selling a put option. When you sell a put option, you agree to buy the underlying asset at a specified price if the option buyer, also known as the option holder, exercises their right to sell the asset. The premium you receive for writing the put option is your maximum possible profit.

Generally, traders who buy put options have a bearish view of a security, meaning they expect the underlying asset’s price to decline. In contrast, the put option writer has a neutral to bullish outlook of a security. The put writer should be willing to take the risk of having to buy the asset if it falls below the strike price in exchange for the premium paid by the put option holder.

Writing put options is just one of numerous trading strategies investors use to build wealth, speculate, or hedge positions. While there is potential to generate income by writing put options, it can also be a risky way to enhance a portfolio’s return. Only investors with the knowledge of how to write put options and risk tolerance to take on this strategy should do so.

Writing Put Options

When writing a put option contract, the seller will initiate a trade order known as sell to open.

As mentioned above, the put option writer is selling a contract that gives the holder the right to sell a security at a strike price within a specified time frame. The put option writer will receive a premium from the holder for selling this option. If the price of the security falls below the strike price before the expiration date, the writer may be obligated to buy the security from the holder at the strike price.

There are two main reasons to write a put option contract: to earn income from the premium or to hedge a position.

A naked, or “uncovered,” put option is an option that is issued and sold without the writer setting aside any cash to meet the obligation of the option when it reaches expiration. This increases the writer’s risk.

💡 Recommended: What Are Naked Options? Risks and Rewards, Explained

Maximum Profit/Loss

The most a put option writer can profit from selling the option is the premium received at the start of the trade. Many traders take advantage of this profit as a way to generate regular income by writing put options for assets that they expect will not fall below the strike price.

However, this strategy can be risky because there can be significant losses if the asset’s price falls below the strike price. For example, if a stock’s price plummets because a company announces bankruptcy, the put option writer may be obligated to buy the stock when it’s trading near $0. The maximum loss will be equal to the strike price minus the premium.

Breakeven

The breakeven point for a put option writer can be calculated by subtracting the premium from the strike price. The breakeven point is the market price where the option writer comes away even, not making a profit or experiencing a loss (not including trading commissions and fees).

Writing Puts for Income

There are many options trading strategies. As noted above, many traders will write put options to generate income when they have a neutral to bullish outlook on a specific security. Because the writer of a put option receives a premium for opening the contract, they will benefit from that guaranteed payment if the put expires unexercised or if the writer closes out their position by buying back the same put option.

For example, if you believe an asset’s price will stay above a put option’s strike price, you can write a put option to take advantage of steady to rising prices on the underlying security. By keeping the option premium, you effectively add a stream of income into your trading account, as long as the underlying asset’s price moves in your favor.

However, with this strategy, you face the risk of having to buy the underlying asset from the option holder if the price falls below the strike price before the expiration date.

💡 Recommended: How to Sell Options for Premium

Put Writing Example

Let’s say you are neutral to bullish on shares of XYZ stock, which trade at $70 per share. You execute a sell to open order on a put option expiring in three months at a strike price of $60. The premium for this put option is $5; since each option contract is for 100 shares, you collect $500 in income.

If you wrote the put option contract for income, you’re hoping the price of XYZ stock will stay above $60 through the expiration date in three months, so the option holder does not exercise the option and requires you to buy XYZ. In this ideal scenario, your maximum profit will be the $500 premium you received for selling the put option.

At the very least, you hope the stock does not fall below $55, or the breakeven point ($60 strike price minus the $5 premium). At $55, you may be obligated to buy 100 shares at the $60 strike price:

$5,500 market value – $6,000 price paid + $500 premium earned = $0 return

If XYZ stock falls to $50, the put option holder will likely exercise the option to sell the stock. In this scenario, you will be obligated to buy the stock XYZ at the $60 strike price and incur a $500 loss in this trade:

$5,000 market value – $6,000 price paid + $500 premium earned = -$500 return

However, the further the price of XYZ falls, your potential loss risk increases. In the worst-case scenario where the stock falls to $0, your maximum loss would be $5,500:

$0 market value – $6,000 price paid + $500 premium earned = -$5,500 return

Put Option Exit Strategy

In the example above, it is assumed that the option is exercised or expires worthless. However, a put option writer can also exit a trade in order to profit or mitigate losses prior to the contract’s expiration.

A put writer can exit their position anytime using a trade order known as buy to close. In this scenario, the writer of the initial put option will buy back a put option to close out a position, either to lock in a profit or prevent further losses.

Using the example above, say that after two months, shares of XYZ have increased from $70 to $85. The value put contract you sold, which still has one more month until expiration and a $60 strike price, has collapsed to $1 because of a share price rise and perhaps a drop in expected volatility. Rather than wait for expiration, you decide to buy to close your put position, buying back the put contract at $1 premium, for a total of $100 ($1 premium x 100 shares). You are no longer obligated to buy shares of XYZ in the event the stock drops below $60 during the next month, and you lock in a profit of $400:

$500 premium earned to sell to open – $100 premium paid to buy to close = $400 return

A buy to close strategy can also be used to mitigate substantial losses. For example, if stock XYZ’s price starts dropping, the value of puts with a $60 strike price and a similar expiration date will rise. Rather than wait for expiration and be obligated to buy shares of a stock you don’t want, potentially losing up to $5,500, you may exit the position at any time. If option premiums for this trade are now $8, you can pay $800 ($8 premium x 100 shares) to buy to close the trade. This will result in a loss of $300, a potentially more manageable loss than the worst-case scenario:

$500 premium earned to sell to open – $800 premium paid to buy to close = -$300 return

Finally, user-friendly options trading is here.*

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The Takeaway

Writing a put option is an options strategy in which you are neutral to bullish on the underlying asset. Potential profit is limited to the premium collected at the start of the trade. The maximum loss can be substantial, however. Finally, there is the risk that you will be liable to buy the stock at the option strike price if the holder exercises the option. Because of all these moving parts, writing put options should be left to experienced traders with the tolerance to take on the risk.

Looking to try different investment opportunities? SoFi’s intuitive and approachable options trading platform is a great place to start. You can access educational resources about options for more information and insights. Plus, you have the option of placing trades from either the mobile app or web platform.

Trade options with low fees through SoFi.

FAQ

What happens when you sell a put option?

Selling a put option is the same thing as writing a put option. You profit by collecting a premium for selling the option or when the put options decline in value, which usually happens when the underlying asset price rises. A significant risk of writing a put option is that you might be required to buy shares of the underlying asset at the strike price.

How would you write a put option?

You write a put option by first executing a sell to open order. You collect a premium at the onset of the trade without owning shares of the underlying asset. This strategy can be risky, so it generally requires high-level options trading knowledge.

When would you write a put option?

If a trader believes an asset’s price will stay flat or increase over a period of time, they may choose to write a put option. If the underlying asset’s price increases, the put option’s value will decline as it nears expiration. A profitable outcome occurs when the value of the put option is zero by expiration, or if the put writer buys to close the position before expiration. The put writer will profit by keeping the premium received at the initiation of the trade.


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Will Refinanced Student Loans Be Forgiven?

Editor's Note: For the latest developments regarding federal student loan debt repayment, check out our student debt guide.

This summer, President Joe Biden announced that individuals who earn $125,000 or less per year will be eligible for $10,000 in federal student loan cancellation. A big caveat: You cannot benefit from forgiveness from the federal government if you’ve refinanced your entire federal student loan amount.

We’ll go over the details of who qualifies for the new, one-time student loan forgiveness plan, how refinancing affects eligibility for federal benefits, and reasons why some individuals may want to refinance anyway.

How Federal Student Loan Forgiveness Works

Student loan forgiveness means that you are no longer required to pay back all or a portion of your federal student loans. Federal student loans are student loans that come directly from the federal government. President Biden’s proposed forgiveness will be available only to people paying down federal loans, not private loans.

The plan includes important updates to the federal student loan system:

•  Individuals who earn less than $125,000 per year ($250,000 for married couples) will be eligible for $10,000 in student loan cancellation.

•  Pell Grant recipients can receive up to $20,000 in debt cancellation.

•  The pause on federal student loan payments has been extended through Dec. 31, 2022.

•  Borrowers with undergraduate loans on income-driven repayment plans could cap their payments at 5% of their monthly expenses, down from 10%.

•  Loan balances would be forgiven after 10 years of payments, down from 20 years, for loan balances of $12,000 or less.

Further details will be released in the weeks ahead. For a deep dive into the announcement, including reactions from the plan’s supporters and critics, read Student Debt Relief: Biden Cancels Up to $20K for Qualifying Borrowers.

How Refinancing Affects Forgiveness

When you refinance a student loan, a new, private lender pays off your old loan (or multiple loans) and replaces it with a new loan. A private lender may replace either a federal loan(s) or another private loan. Both federal loans and private loans are converted to a new private loan — you cannot refinance to another federal student loan.

It’s important to understand that the portion of a federal student loan that is refinanced (meaning you don’t have to refinance the entire amount) would lose federal loan benefits. Those benefits include:

•  Eligibility for federal student loan forgiveness.

•  Income-based repayment plans: payment plans intended to be affordable based on your income and family size.

•  Deferment: a temporary pause in student loan payments where no interest accrues on your loans.

•  Forbearance: also a temporary pause, but one during which interest may accrue on your loans.

See below for details on each of these benefits.

How Student Loan Refinancing Works

Borrowers refinance student loans for several reasons, including:

•  Lowering your interest rate: Lowering your interest rate means you’ll pay less in interest over time, which can save you money in the long run.

•  Changing to a fixed or variable rate: A fixed interest rate is a rate that doesn’t change throughout the loan term. On the other hand, a variable interest rate will change depending on the underlying interest rate benchmark. Refinancing can give you the option to choose between either a fixed or variable rate.

•  Lowering your monthly payment: If you prefer to pay a little less on your loan payments per month, you may want to consider lowering your monthly payment. In this case, your lender will extend your repayment period. This means that it will take you longer to repay your loan — and note that you’ll pay more in interest over time.

•  Shortening your repayment period: If you choose to shorten your repayment period, your monthly payment will go up. However, you’ll save money in interest over the life of the loan.

To refinance, you can shop around with different lenders to check their interest rates and terms. You’ll need to supply private lenders with your name, address, degree type, student loan debt totals, income amounts, housing costs, and more. The information you’ll need to supply generally depends on individual lenders. After that, the lender will run a soft credit check. Lenders should then present you with several offers, including various terms and interest rates (both fixed and variable rates).

Before you decide on the right private lender for you, check on origination fees (the upfront charge to process an application), any prepayment penalties if you were to pay off the loan early, customer service capabilities, and the overall costs to you.

Next, you’ll offer further information to your lender, including proof of citizenship, a valid ID, and pay stubs and/or tax returns. The lender will likely then run a hard credit check, and you’ll go through a final approval process.

Check out our guide to student loan refinancing for a complete overview of how to refinance a student loan.

Recommended: 7 Tips to Lower Your Student Loan Payment

Take control of your student loans.
Ditch student loan debt for good.


Protections for Federal Student Loans

When you trade federal student loans for a refinance, you give up certain federal student loan benefits, including guaranteed postponement and income-driven repayment options.

Guaranteed Postponement

As mentioned earlier, postponement options include deferment and forbearance. In both cases, you can contact your loan servicer for information and instructions on how to defer your loans. In most cases, you’ll have to fill out a form.

Here are some details about both deferment and forbearance to understand what you’d be giving up by refinancing:

•  Deferment: As mentioned earlier, deferment means you access a temporary pause in student loan payments during which no interest accrues on your federal student loans. Federal Direct Loan, Federal Family Education (FFEL) Program loan, and Perkins Loan borrowers can access deferment options. You may qualify for deferment in a few different ways, including while undergoing cancer treatment, during economic hardship, during a graduate fellowship program, while you’re in school, while completing military service or through post-active duty, if you are a Parent PLUS borrower and your student is still in school, while in a rehabilitation training program, and/or if you’re unemployed.

•  Forbearance: While you can get a temporary pause on your federal student loans through forbearance, interest might accrue on your loans. You must continue to pay any interest that accrues during the forbearance period. There are two types of forbearance: general and mandatory.

•  General forbearance: You may be able to obtain general forbearance if you experience financial difficulties, medical expenses, a change in your employment status, and other factors. If you have federal Direct Loans, FFEL Program loans, and/or Perkins Loans, you may be able to use general forbearance for no more than 12 months at a time. You can request another general forbearance later. However, over time, you can only obtain three years’ worth of general forbearance.

•  Mandatory forbearance: Your loan servicer must grant a mandatory forbearance for federal Direct Loans and FFEL Program loans under the following circumstances: You receive a national service award while serving in AmeriCorps, under the U.S. Department of Defense Student Loan Repayment Program, during a medical or dental internship or residency program, or as a member of the National Guard activated by a governor. You can also access a mandatory forbearance if the amount you owe each month for all the federal student loans you received is 20% or more of your total monthly gross income or if you qualify for teacher loan forgiveness. You can qualify for mandatory forbearance for no more than 12 months at a time but may request mandatory forbearance when your current forbearance period expires.

Income-Driven Payment

As mentioned earlier, through an income-driven repayment plan, your monthly student loan payment gets set at an amount that reflects your income and family size. You can consider four income-driven repayment plans and fill out an application to be considered for one:

•  Revised Pay As You Earn Repayment Plan (REPAYE Plan): When you access a repayment plan, your monthly payment is recalculated based on a percentage of your discretionary income. In this case, the REPAYE Plan will whittle down your payment to 10% of your discretionary income, and you’ll pay your loans back over 20 years (for loans for your undergraduate education) or 25 years (for loans for your graduate or professional education). If you have an eligible federal student loan, you can generally make payments through the REPAYE Plan.

•  Pay As You Earn Repayment Plan (PAYE Plan): Your monthly payment will generally amount to 5% of your discretionary income and never more than the 10-year Standard Repayment Plan amount. You’ll repay your loans over 10 years. You may qualify if you have higher debt than your annual discretionary income or if your debt represents a significant amount of your annual income. Additionally, you must be a new borrower in order to be eligible.

•  Income-Based Repayment Plan (IBR Plan): Under Biden’s new plan, your monthly payment will generally amount to 5% of your discretionary income if you’re a new borrower (on or after July 1, 2014) but will never amount to more than the 10-year Standard Repayment Plan amount. If you’re not a new borrower (on or after July 1, 2014) your monthly payment will generally amount to 15% of your discretionary income and will never add up to more than the 10-year Standard Repayment Plan amount. For new borrowers, the plan will last for 10 years. If you’re not a new borrower, your plan will last 25 years. You’ll generally qualify if your federal student loan debt is higher than your annual discretionary income or represents a large portion of your annual income.

•  Income-Contingent Repayment Plan (ICR Plan): Your payment will be calculated based on the lesser of these two factors: 20% of your discretionary income or what you would pay on a repayment plan with a fixed payment over 12 years, adjusted based on income. You’d repay for 25 years as long as you qualify with an eligible federal student loan.

Recommended: REPAYE vs PAYE: What’s the Difference?

Are There Any Protections for Private Student Loans?

Private loans generally don’t qualify for forgiveness and offer fewer protections than federal loans. However, it’s worth looking into the protection and hardship options for various private lenders.

Based on a search of top private lenders, check out the table below to walk through the types of programs offered by various private student loan lenders:

Ascent SoFi Laurel Road Earnest
Forbearance X X X X
Graduated repayment X
Academic deferment X X X
Reduced repayments for dental/medical residents X X X
Military deferment X X X X
Death or disability discharge X X X X
Disability deferment X
Unemployment protection X
Maternity leave forbearance X
Skip-a-payment option X
Extended payment option X

Can Private Student Loans Be Forgiven by the Federal Government?

As noted above, private student loans do not qualify for federal loan forgiveness. However, there are several other alternatives that you can consider through your private loan lender. Though you can’t apply for income-driven repayment plans or take advantage of federal student loan forgiveness, your private loan lender can walk you through your options in order to avoid delinquency or default on your loans.

Can Refinanced Student Loans Be Forgiven by the Federal Government?

You may be wondering, “does refinanced student loan forgiveness exist?” Since refinanced student loans turn into private loans, refinanced student loans cannot be forgiven by the federal government, one of the key differences between federal vs. private student loans. That said, when refinancing, you choose the amount. So if you refinance everything but the $10,000 or $20,000 you expect to be forgiven, that remaining amount of federal student debt still has federal protections and is eligible for forgiveness.

You may have also have heard about the possibility of the Biden administration offering loan forgiveness on a wide scale and may wonder, “Will refinanced student loans be forgiven in addition to non-refinanced private loans?” Unfortunately, the current plan applies only to certain federal student loans, and there is no proposal to include refinanced student loans in the future. The administration would likely not be able to forgive the loans of private student loan borrowers or in the case of refinanced student loans.

Options to Consider When You’re Unable to Make Your Student Loan Payments

As mentioned, it’s a good idea to contact your loan servicer to calmly explain how you’re having trouble making your student loans. In most cases, your lender will work with you to discuss a schedule for affordable payments.

Here are a few other options you may want to consider in this situation:

•   Put together a budget: Putting yourself on a budget may help you allocate the right amount toward all of your expenses, including your student loans.

•   Get an extra job: Consider getting an extra job in order to generate more income to put toward your student loans.

•   Cut expenses: It’s easy to spend too much on subscriptions, cable, or other things. Cutting expenses could free up money so you have more to put toward your student loans.

•   Explore student loan modification: You may also pursue a student loan modification, or a change to the terms and conditions of the repayment of an existing student loan. Learn how student loan modification works.

•   Refinance: Finally, consider refinancing your student loans to a private loan lender to lower your interest rate or your payments. You can use our calculator for student loan refinance rates to see how much refinancing could potentially save you.

Recommended: Passive Income Ideas

Explore Student Loan Refinancing With SoFi

Because refinancing federal student loan(s) means converting them to a private student loan, the amount of federal debt that you refinance will no longer be eligible for federal forgiveness or other federal benefits. So if you are eligible for Biden’s one-time forgiveness, you can leave out the amount you expect to be forgiven — and refinance the rest.

If you think a refinance fits your needs, don’t forget to look into all of the benefits and drawbacks that apply to your particular lender. For example, if you’ll owe a penalty if you pay off your student loans early, you may want to explore other options. Check out refinancing student loans now with SoFi, which offers competitive rates and charges no prepayment penalties.

FAQ

Can private student loans be forgiven?

You cannot access the same loan forgiveness options for private student loans that you can get with federal student loan forgiveness. However, don’t discount the private student loan protections you can take advantage of when you want to refinance your student loans.

Can you get your student loans forgiven if you can’t afford them?

Yes, you can get your federal student loans forgiven as long as you meet the eligibility requirements — but it’s important to remember the key words “federal student loans.” You cannot get private student loans forgiven.

When will student loans be forgiven?

On Aug. 24, 2022, President Joe Biden announced that individuals who earn less than $125,000 per year will be eligible for $10,000 in federal student loan cancellation and Pell Grant recipients are eligible for an additional $10,000 of forgiveness. Since then, there have been legal challenges to the student debt relief, and a court-ordered stay.


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SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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Can the President Cancel Student Loan Debt?

Editor's Note: For the latest developments regarding federal student loan debt repayment, check out our student debt guide.

In late August 2022, President Joe Biden announced a federal student loan forgiveness program, which will cancel up to $20,000 in student loan debt for qualifying borrowers. While many details need to be fleshed out by the administration, the plan will cancel $10,000 in debt for individuals earning less than $125,000 per year ($250,000 for married couples who file taxes jointly or heads of households) and $20,000 for those who had received Pell grants for low-income families.

Prior to President Biden’s announcement, there was fierce debate among politicians, lawyers, and other stakeholders on whether the president could actually cancel student loan debt. Proponents claim that the president has the authority to cancel federal student loan debt without input from Congress, while opponents argue that the program is an executive overreach and illegal. The debate will rage on, even after the student loan forgiveness announcement; the move will likely be challenged in court in subsequent months to determine if the president can cancel student loan debt.

Can the President Forgive Student Loan Debt by Executive Order?

On the 2020 presidential campaign trail, Biden ran in part on a student loan reform platform. On top of suggesting potential changes to existing federal student loan forgiveness programs, he floated the possibility — both in Tweets and in campaign speeches — that he supported a proposal to forgive $10,000 in federal student loan debt.

Recommended: Student Debt Relief: Biden Cancels Up to $20K for Qualifying Borrowers

However, as mentioned above, it was unclear whether the president had the legal authority to cancel federal student debt by executive order and without any legislative action. Even some top aides argued that the president should work with Congress to pass legislation that would cancel student loan debt.

So, as part of the federal student loan forgiveness announcement, the Department of Education released a memo laying out the legal justification that would allow the president and the executive branch to cancel student loan debt.

The memo states that the HEROES Act, which was enacted following the Sep. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, gives the Secretary of Education the power “to grant relief from student loan requirements during specific periods (a war, other military operation, or national emergency, such as the present COVID-19 pandemic) and for specific purposes (including to address the financial harms of such a war, other military operation, or emergency).”

The Biden administration determined it could cancel federal student loan debt with this justification. And thus, President Biden announced the federal student loan relief plan .

Nonetheless, opponents of the plan will likely challenge the move in the courts, so there is a chance that the widespread cancellation of federal student loans will not be carried out.

Could Student Loan Relief Affect Private Student Loans?

The widespread cancellation of up to $20,000 in student debt will only apply to borrowers with different types of federal student loans, including PLUS Loans.

If you’re looking for private student loan relief, namely to lower your payments, you may want to consider refinancing.

Recommended: The Advantages and Disadvantages of Student Loan Refinancing

Take control of your student loans.
Ditch student loan debt for good.


Student Loan Debt That the President Has Forgiven So Far

Before the recent announcement, the Biden administration forgave nearly $32 billion in student loan debt as part of various initiatives.

In mid-August 2022, the administration said it would cancel $3.9 billion in student loan debt for 208,000 students who attended ITT Technical Institute, a now-closed for-profit school. Additionally, the Biden administration erased $5.8 billion of educational debt for all former students of Corinthian Colleges, another now-closed for-profit school. This latter cancellation was the largest single student-debt cancellation ever by the United States government.

Another $7.3 billion in student loans were obliterated for 127,000 borrowers through amendments to the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program. This allows non-profit and government employees to have their remaining debt forgiven after 10 years or 120 payments.

And more than $8.5 billion in student loans have been forgiven for 400,000 borrowers with a total and permanent disability.

Additionally, $7.9 billion of student loans was forgiven for 690,000 borrowers through borrower defense to repayment. People can apply for borrower defense if their education provider deceived them “or engaged in other misconduct in violation of certain state laws,” according to the ED’s Federal Student Aid office.

Identifying Existing Repayment Options

Borrowers have been in limbo, waiting to know if and how much student loan debt the Biden administration will cancel. But even with a little more clarity, many details still need to be worked out, like how borrowers can apply for forgiveness.

With student loan interest rates climbing, it could be a good idea to focus on the aspects of your educational debt that you can control.

One place federal borrowers can start is to determine if they qualify for existing federal student loan repayment programs — including income-driven repayment, deferment, and public service student loan forgiveness.

As part of the federal student loan forgiveness plan, the Biden administration also announced that borrowers with undergraduate loans in an income-driven repayment plan would be able to cap their payments at 5% of their monthly income — a change that could reduce bills for millions of borrowers. The government’s current income-driven plans generally cap payments at 10% to 15% of a borrower’s discretionary income. Additionally, loan balances would be forgiven after 10 years of payments, instead of the current 20 years under many income-driven repayment plans, for borrowers with original loan balances of $12,000 or less.

Another place, as mentioned earlier, is to look into student loan refinancing. It’s important to understand the refinancing process. When borrowers refinance federal student loans through a private lender, the borrower forfeits eligibility for federal repayment programs and federal protections like forbearance and deferment. (With private loan refinancing, a new private loan replaces the borrower’s existing educational debt — generally including new loan terms and rates).

Certain private lenders offer hardship programs to provide a cushion for the unexpected — like being laid off for no fault of your own. (Not all lenders offer these programs, so it’s key to read the lender’s terms and fine print). For example, SoFi offers unemployment protection to eligible borrowers.

When weighing whether to pursue student loan refinancing, some borrowers find it useful to research the rates and terms offered by lenders, including any fees or penalties.

The Takeaway

President Biden has announced transformative changes to federal student loans, canceling up to $20,000 in student debt for qualifying borrowers. However, questions about whether the president has the authority to cancel this debt remain. Opponents of the executive order will likely challenge the plan in the courts, and it may be some time until there is a definitive answer to the question of can the president cancel student debt.

Even with the federal student loan forgiveness announcement, many borrowers may not qualify for this debt relief. If this sounds like you and you are considering refinancing your student loans, it may be best to act now. After all, interest rates are on the rise from their historic lows. Instead, you could refinance your student loans and lock in today’s low rate.

Lock in today’s interest rate for student loan refinancing.

FAQ

When will student loans be forgiven?

The Biden administration announced that up to $20,000 of federal student loans will be forgiven for qualifying borrowers. However, details around the plan still need to be fleshed out, like how borrowers can apply for forgiveness and when the debt will be discharged.

Do student loans go away after seven years?

Sorry, there is no program currently in place for that. This belief stems from the fact people see student loans disappear from their credit reports after this amount of time. Seven years after the first missed payment that led to a loan either defaulting or being charged off, the main three credit bureaus (Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion) erase the default status and late payments from reports.

Are student loans forgiven after 25 years?

The answer to this is a “yes, but.” Yes, you can have your student loans forgiven after 25 years, but only if you pay them under an income-driven repayment plan, which only applies to federal loans. The U.S. government offers four income-driven repayment plans.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
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Biden Postpones Student Debt Repayment, Cancels $10,000

Student Debt Relief: Biden Cancels Up to $20K for Qualifying Borrowers

Editor's Note: For the latest developments regarding federal student loan debt repayment, check out our student debt guide.

On Aug. 24, 2022, President Joe Biden ended months of speculation by announcing that each American who earns $125,000 or less per year ($250,000 for married couples) will be eligible for $10,000 in federal student loan cancellation.

He also announced that Pell Grant recipients can receive up to $20,000 in debt cancellation. Federal Pell Grants usually are awarded to undergraduate students who display exceptional financial need.

Additionally, the pause on federal student loan payments for all borrowers has been extended yet again. Repayment is now set to resume in January 2023.

“In keeping with my campaign promise, my Administration is announcing a plan to give working and middle class families breathing room as they prepare to resume federal student loan payments in January 2023,” Biden tweeted on Aug. 24th.

In addition, Biden said those with undergraduate loans on income-driven repayment plans would be able to cap their payments at 5% of their monthly income — a change that could reduce bills for millions of borrowers. The government’s current income-driven plans generally cap payments at 10% of a borrower’s discretionary income.

Also, many of the government’s income-driven forgiveness programs will be affected by a 5% cap on monthly income. Loan balances would be forgiven after 10 years of payments, instead of the current 20 years under many income-driven repayment plans for borrowers with original loan balances of $12,000 or less.

What Loans Are Eligible and How Can Borrowers Claim This Relief?

The $10,000 or $20,000 in student debt canceling is available only to people paying down federal loans, not private loans.

The White House said, “The Department will be announcing further details on how borrowers can claim this relief in the weeks ahead. The application will be available no later than when the pause on federal student loan repayments terminates at the end of the year. Nearly 8 million borrowers may be eligible to receive relief automatically because relevant income data is already available to the Department.”

Biden’s plans could face legal challenges, “making the timing of any relief uncertain,” according to the New York Times.

Are the Loan Servicers Ready?

A deadline postponement until Dec. 31st gives the loan servicers more time to prepare for payments to resume.

The companies that handle federal student loans have undergone considerable turmoil in the last two years. FedLoan Servicing, Granite State Management and Resources, and Navient have all withdrawn from student loan servicing. The student loans were transferred to other companies.

In late July of this year, with the Aug. 31st deadline approaching, the existing federal student loan servicers were told to hold off on sending out payment reminders to borrowers, but the White House provided no further direction in the weeks that followed. Rumors swirled about Biden’s next move on student loans.

Scott Buchanan, the executive director of the Student Loan Servicing Alliance — a group that represents companies servicing over 95% of all federal student loans and the vast majority of private loans — wrote a letter to Education Secretary Miguel Cardona on August 22nd to inform him “that any announcement at this late date, less than ten days before the scheduled resumption of September 1, risks operational disruptions.”

“We are now 10 days out from the scheduled resumption for 35 million borrowers, and – as servicers have warned for weeks would be the case – it may not be possible to ensure that a full and complete delay in resumption could be effectuated systemically by September 1 for every borrower without incident,” Buchanan wrote.

After Biden made his August 24th announcement on Twitter, the Student Loan Servicing Alliance tweeted, “ATTENTION: #studentloan servicers have been provided no specific information re: the President’s loan cancellation proposal and await detailed guidance from @usedgov Please understand servicers have no more information for you yet. There is no action for you to take now.”

Recommended: Who is my Student Loan Servicer?

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Reactions Split on Loan Canceling

U.S. Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona released a statement saying, “Earning a college degree or certificate should give every person in America a leg up in securing a bright future. But for too many people, student loan debt has hindered their ability to achieve their dreams — including buying a home, starting a business, or providing for their family. Getting an education should set us free; not strap us down! That’s why, since Day One, the Biden-Harris administration has worked to fix broken federal student aid programs and deliver unprecedented relief to borrowers.”

Student loans are a hot topic for debate.

Since he took office, Biden has been under mounting pressure to cancel student debt. While campaigning for the presidency, Biden said he would forgive $10,000 in student loans, but he sought counsel from Department of Education experts on the legal aspects to a write-off and declined to release a decision, despite requests that he do so.

Some prominent Democrats have urged Biden to cancel more than $10,000 in debt.

Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and some Democratic colleagues have pushed for $50,000 in student-loan forgiveness. During an AFL-CIO roundtable in June, Schumer vowed to continue fighting until $50,000 in relief is achieved, according to Business Insider.

The NAACP released a statement in late August saying, “As time continues, the needs of the American people have not — and will not — change without substantial cancellation. If student debt repayments can be paused over and over and over again, there’s no reason why the President cannot cancel a minimum of $50,000. Do it to reduce the racial wealth gap, do it to capture the interest of many who will participate in the November election, do it for the future of American families and communities.”

At the same time, critics of student loan cancellation and payment postponement say that these measures could make inflation worse in America.

“On its face, the move could cost taxpayers about $300 billion or more in money they effectively lent out that will never be repaid,” the New York Times reported.

“Student loan debt relief is spending that raises demand and increases inflation,” former Treasury Secretary Larry Summers said on Twitter. “It consumes resources that could be better used helping those who did not, for whatever reason, have the chance to attend college.”

Sumners added that student loan relief “will also tend to be inflationary by raising tuitions … Every dollar spent on student loan relief is a dollar that could have gone to support those who don’t get the opportunity to go to college.”

The Takeaway

President Biden has announced transformative changes to federal student loans: a plan to cancel $10,000 in federal student loan debt for individuals earning $125,000 or less annually ($250,000 for married couples) and up to $20,000 if you went to college on Pell Grants.

Moreover, people with undergraduate loans would be able to cap their payments at 5% of their monthly income in income-driven forgiveness plans — a change that could reduce bills significantly since these plans usually cap payments at 10% or 15% of a borrower’s discretionary income.

Student loan refinancing will allow you to seek a lower interest rate and desirable terms for the amount of your federal loan debt not affected by Biden’s cancellation plans. Interest rates are on the rise from historic lows and could see further increases in the coming months. Refinancing, however, means losing access to federal protections and programs, including the payment pause that has been extended until the end of the year.

Lock in today’s interest rate for student loan refinancing.


Photo credit: iStock/TriggerPhoto
SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers.
Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
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How to Get Merit Aid From Colleges

Money for college doesn’t grow on trees. Or does it? Every year, billions of dollars wait to be plucked from the branches by college students seeking merit-based aid.

The National Merit Scholarship Program alone plans to award more than $28 million in spring 2022. Merit aid is awarded to students based on factors outside of just financial need. These awards generally factor in a student’s skill or ability for a certain specialty.

Brainiacs merit recognition, but a student can earn merit aid based on talent in athletics and other interests, including puppetry and vegetarianism, as well as lineage.

So what’s the catch?

Patience, diligence, and timing come into play. This guide can help students who are starting the search for merit-based aid.

What Is Merit Aid?

College aid can generally be broken down into two categories:

Need-based. Eligibility for need-based aid is based solely on the ability to pay for college. Students can look for state, possibly school, and federal aid by filling out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, commonly known as the FAFSA®, sharing information about income and assets.

Merit-based. Merit-based aid takes factors beyond financial need into account. According to the Department of Education, merit-based “means that something is based on a student’s skill or ability.”

Students can qualify for merit-based aid, often referred to as merit-based scholarships, with a variety of factors.

Scholarship money does not have to be paid back — it’s a gift. Merit aid can be a one-time payment, or it could be renewable year after year, depending on eligibility and terms of the aid.

Depending on a student’s financial needs, merit aid could cover part or all of their education costs. It might be just one component of a larger financial aid package.

Merit aid can be awarded for both undergraduate and graduate programs, and could be anything from a couple of hundred dollars for books and supplies to thousands of dollars to help cover tuition.

Recommended: FAFSA Guide

Strategies to Find Colleges that Offer Merit Aid

Not all schools offer merit aid. However, at schools where merit aid is offered, on average 22% of the student body received a merit award from the university, according to U.S. News & World Report. Here are a few tips on finding colleges that offer merit aid.

First things first, when you are creating your list of colleges you’re going to apply to — find out which of those offer merit aid. Knowing up front what options may be available to you is helpful and can be important as you prepare to pay for college.

Then, review the typical financial aid offer at your target schools. Some schools publish information on the percentage of students that receive merit aid and the average merit aid amount. Consider contacting the financial aid office if you have specific questions.

Another strategy to potentially improve your chance of merit aid — apply to schools where you are likely to get in. Since merit aid can be awarded on factors such as GPA, standardized test scores, or curriculum, being in the upper echelon of applicants could help put you at the front of the pack for earning merit aid.

In some situations, scholarship money may go unclaimed. Check out this guide to unclaimed scholarships for more information.

Which Schools Offer the Most Merit Aid?

Here’s what students can expect when it comes to merit aid from schools:

•   Generally speaking, private colleges award more merit aid than public institutions.

•   Ivy league schools don’t grant merit aid. No Ivy League institutions offer merit aid to their students. Other competitive universities, such as MIT, Stanford, and Caltech, don’t offer merit aid either.

•   Some higher-cost colleges may offer more merit aid than others. The cost of attending some schools can send a student into shock. However, some costlier schools will offer more merit-based scholarships. Oberlin College, for example, recently offered 42% of its student body merit-based aid, about $17,000 on average, to offset tuition and fees that have reached nearly $57,000.

•   Out-of-state students might be awarded more merit aid than in-state students at a public college or university. Because of the higher cost of attendance for out-of-state students, public schools may offer them merit aid to be more competitive.

•   Honors programs may offer more merit aid. State school honors programs can sometimes come with tuition discounts, or academic scholarships for students who get into the prestigious programs.

Keeping these trends in mind could help students think more strategically about where they’ll attend college based on the chances of being awarded merit aid from the schools.

How to Apply for Merit Aid

While merit scholarships are often referred to as “free money” when it comes to funding education, there is some work involved. Each scholarship will likely have its own requirements and application process, which might include personal essays, recommendations, and interviews. It’s important to read through each application carefully so it’s filled out without error.

Merit-based aid does not hinge on the financial need of the student or family, so should you submit the FAFSA first? Some colleges require students to fill out the FAFSA in order to be considered for school-based scholarships, including those awarded based on academic merit.

Plus, filling out the FAFSA could help you qualify for other types of financial aid, such as need-based Pell Grants or Direct Unsubsidized Loans. A quick aside to note that federal loans offer benefits and protections not necessarily afforded to private student loans. Since the FAFSA is free to fill out, it’s generally worth taking the time to see what other types of aid you qualify for. If financial aid and merit awards aren’t enough, private student loans could help.

Recommended: Private Student Loan Guide

Generally, you won’t need to fill out the FAFSA as a prerequisite for applying for a private merit scholarship.

If you’re not sure about the requirements at your school, it can be worthwhile to call the college admissions office to see if a financial aid application is required to apply for any merit scholarships at that school.

When evaluating merit scholarships from other private sources, keep in mind that each one may have different application requirements and deadlines. Some deadlines may be as early as a year before college starts.

Finding Merit Aid Awards for College

Colleges and universities award merit aid, but there are many other ways to find scholarships, including private organizations and state-level scholarship search tools and directories.

You can learn about private merit scholarships by using search engines like CollegeBoard.org, Fastweb.com, and Scholarships.com. In addition, it can be helpful to talk to your school guidance counselor and the leaders of any organizations you participate in to suss out merit scholarships.

Consider exploring a few of the following avenues when seeking merit aid opportunities:

•   Local groups. Local clubs or foundations offer scholarships. Community chapters of the Lions Club or Rotary Club offer aid for students seeking higher education. Because there’s a smaller pool of applicants, local merit scholarships may even be less competitive.

•   Cultural organizations. Students from minority backgrounds have an opportunity for specific merit aid. Students of Native American descent, those who identify as LGBTQ, and women might qualify for scholarships.

•   Foundations and nonprofits. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation offers full scholarships for those who qualify. Local nonprofits or educational foundations might offer small awards to students as well.

•   Businesses. National companies, such as Google , offer generous merit aid.

•   Niche interests and programs. Students who have an interest or hobby can search for merit aid surrounding it. Everything from greeting card creators to puppetry enthusiasts and promoters of vegetarianism have a chance to capitalize on their passions.

Once a student is granted merit aid, the funding might be directly credited to the school to pay for tuition, room, board, or other costs. Or the aid might come directly to the recipient via check. The size of the awards will vary, but seeking out aid in unexpected places can help drive down the cost of education.

Some Cautions About Merit Aid

Merit aid can be incredibly helpful for students paying for college. But, it’s important to understand the full picture of the merit aid awards you receive. Understand the terms of the aid award, and any ongoing eligibility requirements outlined by the scholarship or grant.

For example, is the award for one year? Or is it an annual award over your college education? If it is a merit award to cover each year of college, are there ongoing eligibility requirements such as maintaining a minimum GPA?

Understanding how and when the merit aid awards you earned are paid out can be important to help you avoid financial surprises, like suddenly losing your merit scholarship, down the road. College students will be facing a lot of financial-firsts on their journey. Take a look at SoFi’s Ca$h Course: A Student’s Guide to Money with even more tips and strategies on managing your finances through college.

The Takeaway

A pot brimming with billions of dollars in college merit aid sits waiting every year. Stellar students and athletes come to mind as popular recipients, but merit scholarships are awarded based on other talents, too. To apply, deadlines and details require attention.

Merit aid might just be a piece of the puzzle, depending on the size and terms of the scholarship. Once federal and merit aid options have been exhausted, an undergraduate private student loan may help bridge any gaps.

Private student loans from SoFi offer competitive interest rates for qualifying borrowers, and have no fees, and flexible repayment plans. With an all-online application, SoFi private student loans come with membership benefits and resources.

A SoFi private student loan might merit a look.


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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Bank, N.A. and its lending products are not endorsed by or directly affiliated with any college or university unless otherwise disclosed.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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