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Do Student Loans Count Toward Debt-to-Income Ratio?

Student loans can help you achieve your educational dreams, but they can also have lasting effects on your personal finances.

The short answer is yes. Borrowers with student debt eager to take out a new loan may discover that student loans can drag on their debt-to-income ratio (DTI), which is a factor lenders examine carefully before issuing new loans. Luckily your DTI isn’t set in stone, and with a little effort, you can decrease it while increasing your chances of approval for a new home loan.

What Is Debt-to-income Ratio?

Debt and income are two sides of the same coin. One side (income) represents the regular money you have coming into your accounts, and the other (debt) is the regular money you have flowing out.

Your DTI is represented by your regular monthly debts divided by your gross monthly income and expressed as a percentage.

For a W2 wage earner, our gross monthly income is the amount of money you make each month before taxes and other deductions are taken out. For self-employed individuals net income may be used.

Here’s a hypothetical situation that you can work through using a calculator and a pen. Say you have $300 each month in student loan payments, $500 in auto loan payments, and $700 in other debts. Your total debt each month is $1,500. If you’re making $4,500 a month (gross), your DTI is $1,500 divided by $4,500, or 33%. If you’d like a little extra help calculating your DTI, you can use an online calculator . Keep in mind that not all income sources are eligible to use for loan qualifying.

Lenders look at your debt-to-income ratio, among other factors, to help them figure out whether you will comfortably be able to make regular payments on new debts.

If your debt-to-income ratio is on the lower end, a lender may take that as a sign that you’ll have an easier time paying back a new loan. On the other hand, according to the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau , “Evidence from studies of mortgage loans suggest that borrowers with a higher debt-to-income ratio are more likely to run into trouble making monthly payments.”

DTI is the ratio of your total debt to your income. So, that’s where student loans factor in—they are part of your debt when calculating that ratio. It’s also where credit card debt, car loans, and any other consumer debt would come into play. To find your DTI, you’d want to add up all of your debts (student loans, credit card, mortgage, etc.) and then divide by your qualifying gross income.

What is the Ideal Debt-to-income Ratio?

There are a few general rules of thumb surrounding ideal DTIs. A DTI of 43% is typically the highest you can have and still receive a qualified mortgage . Though 43% DTI maximum is generally the accepted range, especially for non conforming loan amounts, lenders will examine other factors such as credit score, savings and the size of your down payment when determining an acceptable DTI.

LoweringYour Debt-to-income Ratio

If you have student loans and you’re thinking about taking on other debt, such as a mortgage, take a hard look at your DTI. If it’s less than ideal, there are a number of options you can pursue to lower your ratio.

First, you can try to increase your income. You may decide to start a side hustle, get a new job with higher wages, or ask for a raise. As you increase the denominator in your DTI, your overall percentage will fall. However, there are qualifications for using a second job or part time income for decreasing your DTI.

Often it has to be stable ongoing income received for the past two years.

You may also look for ways to reduce your overall debt, which can have a more immediate effect on your DTI. If you’re grappling with large student loans debt, you could consider consolidating your loans or refinancing with a private lender. If you’re looking to consolidate your federal student loans, you could consider a Direct Consolidation Loan.

This combines all of your federal student loans into one. And your new loan still qualifies for most federal loan benefits. However, the new interest rate on your Direct Consolidation Loan is the weighted interest rate of your bundled loans, rounded up to the nearest eighth of a percent.

If you qualify to refinance your student loans with a private lender, they will pay off your old loans and can provide you with a new loan at a (hopefully) lower interest rate.

A lower interest rate means you’ll pay less in interest over the life of the loan, if you don’t extend your repayment term. Refinancing can also help you shorten your term if you’re looking to get out of debt faster.

While Direct Consolidation Loans are solely reserved for federal loans, you can refinance private and federal loans (or even refinance both into one, new loan). Refinancing federal loans with a private lender means you’ll lose access to federal loan benefits like income-driven repayment plans, deferment, and forbearance.

You may also want to take a look at the other debts you have and find ways to reduce them. If you carry a lot of high-interest credit card debt, for example, you could consider making extra payments to pay it off faster.

Also, while you’re paying off your current debts, it’s not a bad idea to avoid taking on new debt if you can. This may mean making fewer purchases with your credit card or putting off big purchases such as a new car for a few years while you lower your DTI and pursue other goals.

Patience Can Pay Off

Lending rules, such as the maximum DTI a lender will accept, can feel like a real drag sometimes, especially if you’re itching to get a new mortgage. But keep in mind that these rules are there for a reason, and part of that reason is to protect you from taking on new debt that you can’t afford.

What’s more, taking the time to make student loans debt more manageable or pay it off entirely can be worth the effort since it can lower your DTI, which may help you qualify for more favorable terms on future loans.

Making sure your debt is manageable has the added benefit of potentially improving your credit score. Making full, on-time debt payments shows that you are responsible with your finances and can give your score a boost. This too might help you qualify for more favorable loans in the future.

Looking Forward

Visit SoFi to find out more about how refinancing your student loans can help to make your student loan debt more manageable and potentially decrease your debt-to-income ratio.

Learn more about student loan refinancing with SoFi!


External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.


Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

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Return on Education: How Graduate Degrees Impact Lifetime Earnings

That master’s degree in art history may help you understand cubism, but is it going to help you buy a Picasso one day? While material gain is not the only driving factor in most people’s decision to pursue higher education, it is worth considering, especially as more Americans become conscious of graduating with large outstanding student loan debt.

Lifetime Earnings by Education

When you’re considering graduate school, you have a lot to think about, including which programs best fit your interests, where the school is located, how much it costs, and how you’ll pay for it. The price of some grad programs can be dizzying: One year at Harvard Business School may set you back over $109,000.

A potentially hefty price tag means you have to consider whether a degree is worth the cost, especially if you have to take out student loans to help you get there. One way to help you do this is to examine the ratio of the cost of obtaining a new degree relative to the income it will help you generate once you graduate.

This measure is very much like return on investment—the ratio between net profit and cost from an investment of resources.

Your time and tuition can be considered your investment resources, and your future income is your profit. For the purposes of this article, we’ll call this measure a return on education, or your ROEd. And of course, your ROEd depends on how much of a boost you get by going for a graduate degree and how much money you put into securing the degree.

So what graduate degrees are yielding students a high ROEd? Unfortunately, a grad degree in the humanities may provide a relatively small boost in income.The average salary for a graduate with an MA in the
humanities
is $68,000. Other degrees—especially professional degrees like JDs, MDs, and MBAs—can provide a significant boost to your post graduation prospects. Stanford University Class of 2018 MBA grads have an average starting salary and bonuses of nearly $174,000, the highest in the country.

It’s clear that in some cases a graduate degree can have a huge impact on your lifetime earning potential, offering a high ROEd. Yet, this isn’t always the case, and with a low ROEd, you’ll want to weigh the benefits of a degree carefully.

Weighing a Graduate Degree

Your ROEd and other factors can help you decide whether a graduate program is worth it before you apply to graduate school.

Determining need: Determine whether or not you need a graduate degree to advance in your field. If you want to go into academia, you’ll likely need a PhD. However, if you have an undergrad engineering degree, you may not need more school to rise through the ranks of your company.

Factoring in your undergrad degree: not all undergrad degrees are created equal. Some undergrad degrees, like business, engineering, and mathematics degrees, are relatively lucrative out of the starting gate. Will a grad degree really produce a significantly higher salary? If you asked a Magic 8 ball this question, it would say “signs point to yes”: Someone with a bachelor’s in business can expect to earn an average entry-level salary of $56,720, whereas an MBA can earn a projected starting salary of $78,332.

Considering job prospects: When you achieve your graduate degree, will it be easy for you to find a job? With a PhD in an obscure subject, you may be competing for very few available positions. More general degrees may give you more job options and flexibility to grow.

Examining opportunity cost: The value of one choice relative to another alternative is known as opportunity cost. This concept is particularly relevant when you consider the financial opportunities you might lose by taking a few years off from working while you’re in school.

In other words, you won’t be getting a salary while you’re hitting the books. And if you’re already working at a relatively lucrative position, your opportunity cost could be high. You might want to factor this cost in when considering ROEd.

Note: There are ways to offset opportunity cost, such as working while you’re in school. Some employers will offer to pay for part of your schooling in exchange for an agreement that you will work for them for a given period of time.

Making conservative estimates: When calculating your own ROEd, being conservative with how much you think you will earn when you graduate, especially in your first years out of school, can be a big help. A conservative estimate helps keep you from overestimating your ROEd and can give you a better chance of arriving at a decision that’s financially beneficial to you.

Tipping the Balance

One way to improve your ROEd is by lowering the amount you pay for your degree. Look for scholarship programs that can help you pay for your tuition. Also, some degree programs offer full rides to students, often in exchange for teaching undergrad classes.

Sadly, help with tuition can be a rarity for degree programs that typically lead to high-paying jobs, such as MBAs, law degrees, and medical degrees.

If you need to take out student loans to pay for your degree, being smart about terms and interest rates can help you keep your costs down. When you’re considering student loans, shop around for lenders who offer low interest rates, low fees, and favorable terms.

You can refinance your student loans through lenders such as SoFi to help secure lower interest rates or a more flexible loan term. Doing so can be a good idea if you have a better financial profile than when you originally took out your loans.

Lowering the interest rate on your loan can reduce the amount you’ll pay over the life of the loan, helping to improve your ROEd. You can also refinance for a longer loan term—that would get you a lower monthly payment, but wouldn’t help your ROEd because it ultimately might mean paying more interest on your loan overall. Keep in mind that if you do refinance, keep in mind that you’ll lose access to federal loan benefits when refinancing for a private loan.

Also, don’t forget to look into student loan forgiveness programs. If you plan to find employment with a nonprofit or a government organization, you may be able to receive loan forgiveness under the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program after you make 10 years worth of qualifying monthly payments.

You may also want to consider looking for employers who will help you pay back your loans as part of the benefits package they offer to employees.

Intangible Benefits

Though money is an important part of your decision about whether to go to grad school, it isn’t everything. There are lots of benefits that can’t be pegged to a dollar amount, including social connections and whatever extra skills you acquire that aren’t directly related to your degree.

Visit SoFi to learn more about how to pay for graduate school, and how student loan refinancing could aid your repayment plan after grad school.


External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.


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Finding Grants to Help Pay Off Student Loans

College students are graduating with tens of thousands of dollars in student loan debt, which can make it difficult to make monthly student loan payments, let alone get by financially each month.

For those looking to get some help, the federal government offers some potential options, including income-driven repayment plans and the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program. Or refinancing your student loans can also help you potentially lower your interest rate or your monthly payment.

One option you may not be aware of is to apply for repayment program “grants.” These grants function similarly to scholarships in that you don’t have to pay them back, at least not monetarily. Instead, post-graduation, you’ll typically agree to work in a certain field for a set period in exchange for the help.

There are several student loan repayment programs that act like grants but don’t technically refer to themselves as such. You might consider them grants to pay off student loans, however, because they don’t require you to pay back the money plus interest.

Here are a few repayment programs to look into:

National Health Service Corps Loan Repayment Program

Qualifying health care providers can receive up to $50,000 if they agree to a two-year commitment to work in a Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA).

You can apply if you’re a licensed primary care physician, nurse practitioner, certified nurse-midwife, physician assistant, dentist, dental hygienist, or a qualifying behavioral and mental health provider.

In addition, to be eligible for this grant you must have qualifying student loan debt and also be:

•  A U.S. citizen or national

•  As applicable, a provider or be eligible to be a provider in Medicare, Medicaid, or the State Children’s Health Insurance Program

•  Fully trained and licensed to practice

National Institute of Mental Health Loan Repayment Program

If you work or plan to work in biomedical, behavior, social, or clinical research, you may qualify for a grant to pay off student loans up to $35,000. You can apply the award to qualifying undergraduate, graduate, or medical school loans.

In return, you’d “agree to engage in at least two years of qualified research funded by a domestic nonprofit organization,” according to the National Institute of Mental Health .

NURSE Corps Loan Repayment Program

The Health Resources and Services Administration provides this program to registered nurses (RN), advanced practice registered nurses (APRN), and nurse faculty with nursing debt that meets the program’s qualifications. To qualify, you must also:

•  Commit to working at least two years in an eligible Critical Shortage Facility (CSF) in a high-need area or an accredited school for nursing

•  Have received your nursing education in an accredited school of nursing in the U.S.

If you qualify, you may receive up to 85% of unpaid nursing debt over three years—that’s 60% over the first two years with an option to extend to a third year for an additional 25%.

Indian Health Service Loan Repayment Program

This grant is for health professionals who agree to work in an American Indian or Alaska Native community for at least two years. In exchange, you can receive up to $40,000 in grants to help pay off student loans.

Recipients also have the option to extend their contract each year until their debt is completely paid.

Veterinary Medicine Loan Repayment Program

If you’re a veterinarian working in an area designated by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture as a “shortage area,” you may be eligible to receive up to $25,000 each year for a (minimum) three-year service commitment. The grant is reserved only for veterinary school student loan debt, however.

John R. Justice Student Loan Repayment Program

This program provides assistance to local, state and federal public defenders, and state prosecutors. To qualify, you would agree to work as a prosecutor or public defender for at least three years.

In return, you may be eligible to receive up to $10,000 in assistance per year up to a total of $60,000.

Department of Justice Attorney Student Loan Repayment Program

If you agree to a three-year service obligation with the Department of Justice as an attorney, you may be able to qualify for loan repayment assistance of up to $6,000 per year in matches based on your payments.

To be eligible, you must have at least $10,000 in qualifying federal student loan debt. The maximum amount you can possibly qualify for is $60,000 in total.

Armed Forces Repayment Programs

Each major branch of the military offers free grants to help enlisted service members pay off student loans. Here’s a high-level overview of some of the notable programs:

•  Army Student Loan Repayment Program (College Loan Repayment Program): If you meet specific qualifications and are active duty, Army Reserve, or Army National Guard Soldiers, you can get up to $65,000 of your student loans repaid by the Army.

•  National Guard Student Loan Repayment Program: If you enlist for a minimum of six years and satisfy other requirements , you can receive up to $50,000 in assistance.

•  Navy Student Loan Repayment Program: With a three-year commitment, you may be eligible to receive up to $65,000 in repayment assistance over that time.

•  Air Force JAG Student Loan Repayment Program: Once you’ve completed one year of service as a JAG officer , you may be eligible to receive up to $65,000 in grants to pay student loans over a three-year period.

State-Based Grants

Several states offer free grants to help pay student loans for borrowers who agree to live and work in the state, usually in a specific field. Here are some examples:

•  New York State Young Farmers Loan Forgiveness Incentive Program: Eligible college graduates pursuing a career in farming who agree to operate a farm in New York state for at least five years can receive up to $10,000 per year to help pay their student loans.

•  North Dakota Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Student Loan Program: Qualifying college graduates who work in STEM-related fields in North Dakota may be eligible to receive up to $1,500 per year and up to $6,000 total student loan forgiveness.

•  Pennsylvania Primary Health Care Loan Repayment Program: If you’re a physician, dentist, or another practitioner who commits to two-years in an underserved area in Pennsylvania , you may be eligible to receive between $30,000 and $100,000 in student loan repayment assistance.

•  California Bachelor of Science in Nursing Loan Repayment Program: RNs living in California who agree to a one-year service commitment may receive up to $10,000 to help repay their student loans. They can also renew that commitment for up to two more years and receive up to $10,000 each year they qualify.

•  Maine Alfond Leaders Program: If you live in Maine and work in a STEM-designated job, you may qualify for repayment of up to half of your outstanding student loan debt, with a $60,000 maximum.

What to Do While You’re Waiting for Your Grant Money

If you qualify for a grant or student loan repayment based on your career or where you choose to work and live, the assistance can make a world of difference for your student loan repayment strategy.

But in the meantime, you’ll still have to make regular payments on your loans. One way to potentially get a lower payment or interest rate is student loan refinancing.

Depending on the terms you qualify for, you could significantly reduce the amount of money you pay in interest over the life of the loan. Or you could extend your loan term and potentially reduce your monthly payments, but that would mean you’d pay more in interest overall (longer term=more payments).

One thing to keep in mind, though: If you’re applying for grants that only apply to federal loans, you may want to hold off on refinancing, because you’ll lose your federal loan benefits when you refinance.

If you qualify to refinance with SoFi, there are no origination fees or prepayment penalties. You can even use our convenient student loan refinancing calculator to compare your current loan with a SoFi loan to get an idea of how refinancing could help you accelerate your student loan repayment.

Ready to see how refinancing your loans with SoFi could help you take control of your student loan repayment plan? You can get a quote in less than two minutes.


External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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Is Your Student Loan Interest Rate Too High?

A lot of things keep us up at night. Finances. Dealing with family during the holidays. Finances. An awkward interaction with a coworker. Finances. An argument with a partner. Finances.

You get it.

Specifically, student loan interest rates could be causing your finance-related insomnia. But what is a high student loan interest rate, and how can you tell if yours is too high? To learn this, it’s important to understand the factors that influence interest rates in the first place.

What Are Interest Rates?

Without interest, lenders have no way of making a profit off of what you borrow. In their minds, everyone wins: you get the money you need, they eventually get their money back. And the interest yields earnings for the lender.

Interest rates can vary drastically depending on the type of loan, the lender, the amount you borrow, and often your credit history or financial profile.

Are Your Interest Rates Fixed or Variable?

Fixed interest rates are interest rates that don’t change over the life of the loan. Variable interest rates fluctuate based on market indexes . This means that the interest payment you pay one month might not be what you pay the next month. Sometimes, variable interest rates start out lower than their fixed interest rate counterparts.

The choice you make for your loan might depend on a number of factors. If you’re the type to feel more comfortable knowing you’re paying the same rate no matter what, a fixed interest rate might be the better option for you. If you’re willing to take a risk, a variable interest rate could be the way to go. But again, it’s a risk: your rate could increase based on how the market is doing.

You may want to check your loan terms to see which type of rate you have. If you have more than one student loan, make sure to review them all.

Federal vs Private Student Loan Interest Rates

Federal student loans come with fixed interest rates. And those interest rates are set by Congress. If you take out a federal student loan, the fixed interest rates will not change for the life of the loan. Interest rates for federal student loans are based on the 10-year treasury note and are set annually, and go into effect each July for the coming school year. (You can learn more about federal student loan interest rates here .)

While federal student loan interest rates are set by Congress, private student loan rates are set by each individual lender. Additionally, the rate you get is often determined by your creditworthiness. If you’re new to borrowing money, lenders might not see you as responsible with credit—because you haven’t proved you are yet. And if you’ve proven to be “bad” with credit in the past (aka having a lower credit score, for example), lenders may be less confident about loaning money to you.

For private student loans, there are a few things that determine your interest rate, like your credit score and credit history. Each lender has different credit standards to determine what is best for each borrower.

Student Loan Consolidation

If you’ve got federal student loans, you may be eligible to consolidate your student loans through the federal government with a Direct Consolidation Loan. Consolidating your student loans this way is essentially combining all of your loans into one with a new interest rate and term.

Your new interest rate under a Direct Consolidation Loan is the weighted average of your old loan rates, rounded up to the nearest one-eighth of 1%. Only federal student loans can be consolidated under a Direct Consolidation Loan.

Student Loan Refinancing

Student loan refinancing is similar to consolidation, but is handled differently. Refinancing is offered via private lenders, not the federal government. And instead of combining all your loans and averaging out the interest rate, you can get one new loan to replace all of your old ones, along with a new interest rate.

Your interest rate isn’t based on the interest rates of your former loans. Instead, it’s based on your current creditworthiness and other factors that vary by lender. For example, you may qualify for a lower interest rate when you refinance if you have a solid credit score and history, and can demonstrate you’re responsible enough to pay back your loan.

With SoFi, you can even refinance both federal and private student loans. If you have both, you might want to consider refinancing to see if you can lower your interest rate.

Income-Based Repayment

Income-Driven Repayment (IDR) plans are available to federal student loan borrowers who are looking to manage their payments. For an income-driven repayment plan, monthly payments are based off your discretionary income and the size of your family.

This can be helpful because if you’re not making as much as you’d expect while also financially supporting others, IDR plans help make payments more manageable, allowing you to continue making payments you might otherwise be missing.

Missing payments can cause you to become delinquent or eventually default on your student loans, which could crush your credit score.

There are different IDR plans to choose from. But if you’re still making payments after 20 or 25 years—depending on the plan —the remainder of your loan may be eligible for forgiveness. (Note: if you refinance your federal loans with a private lender, you will no longer be eligible for IDR plans and other federal student loan benefits.)

Getting a Cosigner

When you’re looking to refinance your loan, you may not have top-notch credit to land you an awesome interest rate. If that’s the case, you might want to explore cosigner options.

A cosigner can be anyone that agrees to pay your loan in your place if you fail to do so. Does this sound like a major responsibility and an even more significant ask? It is. Making a cosigner liable for you is a big deal. Failing to pay back your loan will still hurt your credit score. But with a cosigner, it will also hurt their credit score.

Whoever your cosigner is—a partner, a friend, a family member—having a plan in place to repay your new loan, including contingencies for potentially coming up short and needing immediate assistance, can provide reassurance to them.

Interested in refinancing your student loans


External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
SoFi Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891. (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org). SoFi Student Loan Refinance Loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers, or may become available, such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness, Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, PAYE or SAVE. Additional terms and conditions apply. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal.


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Qualifying for the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program

As a college graduate, getting started in your career and planning for your financial future should be top priorities. For 44 million college graduates , part of this includes repaying student loans. The average college student graduates with approximately $37,172 in student loan debt.

Repaying student loans can cost a substantial amount of money when you factor interest into the equation, but if you’re planning on working for a non-profit organization or a government agency, public service loan forgiveness could save you years’ worth of payments. But federal loan forgiveness is not necessarily for everyone.

Another option is potentially refinancing your student loans at a lower interest rate—an appealing way to save money over the life of your student loan, especially if you don’t qualify for public student loan forgiveness.

After starting your new post-graduation career and creating a budget, you’ll also want to consider your student loan repayment options and have a plan for managing your student loans.

As with any loan option, there are pros and cons to the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program. You’ll have to decide if it’s right for you or if refinancing your loans could be a better option for your finances in the long run.

What Is Public Service Student Loan Forgiveness?

Also known as PSLF, the Public Service Student Loan Forgiveness is a federal program that may forgive or cancel the remainder of your Direct Student Loans if you work in a qualifying public service job and meet certain stringent criteria, including making 120 qualifying monthly payments. There is no cap on how much can be forgiven, so if you are able to meet the criteria, the rest of your loan goes away.

What Are Public Service Loan Forgiveness Qualifying Jobs?

The first step to qualifying for any kind of federal loan forgiveness program is filling out the employment certification form . Often people wait until after a few years of making payments before filling out the employment certification form, only to then find out those payments didn’t qualify because their job didn’t meet the requirements.

In general, PSLF qualifying jobs are more about the employer than about the specific role you’re filling at the organization. The important thing is that the employer qualifies as a public service organization.

That includes government organizations and 501(c)3 tax-exempt non-profit organizations. There are a few non-profit organizations that are not officially 501(c)3 but still qualify—but only if they provide certain types of qualifying public services. Working as an AmeriCorps or Peace Corps volunteer also counts as a qualifying job.

Employers that don’t qualify—even though working for them can include meaningful and important jobs: Labor unions, partisan political organizations, non profit organizations that are not official 501(c)3 tax-exempt organizations, and any for-profit companies.

You also must be working full-time in the qualifying job, which generally means at least 30 hours per week or whatever your employer’s definition of full-time is.

Other Requirements for the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program

There are a number of other requirements and specifications necessary to qualify for public student loan forgiveness. For example, only Direct Loans are eligible for PSLF.

If you have other kinds of federal student loans, particularly if you borrowed before July 1, 2010, then you may be able to consolidate your federal student loans into one qualifying federal Direct Consolidation Loan.

However, none of the payments you might have made on your Direct Loan before consolidation will count toward your 120 monthly qualifying payments.

The slightly more confusing part of the requirements are the 120 monthly qualifying payments. These do not necessarily need to be consecutive—if you leave a qualifying employer, you do not lose credit for previous payments you may have made under the employer.

The payments do have to be on qualifying repayment plan, however. Generally, to qualify for federal loan forgiveness programs, you need to be on an income-driven repayment plan. There are four different kinds offered, with the most desirable being the Pay As You Earn Repayment Plan (PAYE) and the Income-Based Repayment Plan (IBR). These typically set a cap on how much your monthly student loan payment will be based on how much you’re currently earning.

For example, if you’re on the Income-Based Repayment Plan, then your monthly payments will be either 10% or 15% of your discretionary income (depending on when your loan was disbursed), but never more than your payment would have been under the standard federal 10-year repayment plan. Your discretionary income is calculated each year based on your family size, location, and salary.

If you’re making income-based payments each month, then it might take longer to pay off your loan because your repayment term will be longer (20-25 years for IBR and 20 years for PAYE), and you’ll be paying interest during that whole time—which adds to the total amount you’ll end up paying.

However, if you meet all the requirements and make the payments, then you could ultimately have your loan forgiven. But even after you’ve made all the 120 qualifying monthly payments, you do not automatically get loan forgiveness or have the rest of your loan cancelled. You still need to apply.

Is Loan Forgiveness Right for You?

While loan forgiveness seems like the ultimate dream, there are downsides, too. Income-driven repayment plans are, obviously, tied to your income.

That means if you have a large loan but a small income and are making very small payments on your student loan, then you could end up paying more over the life of the loan as the interest compounds and gets added to the remaining balance.

If for some reason you make the 120 qualifying monthly payments but then aren’t able to get the remainder of your loan forgiven, all that extra interest could end up costing you. And, unfortunately, many students find it challenging to get their loan forgiveness application officially approved.

Another downside is that your loans have to remain as federal direct loans in order to qualify for potential forgiveness. That means you cannot consolidate or refinance them as private loans, even if the lower interest rates might save you money.

For example, the federal interest rate for undergrad Direct Loans is set at 5.05% through June 30, 2019. A $37,000 federal loan, paid back over 10 years, with a monthly payment of $393, would end up costing you about $10,202 in interest payments on top of the principal. That’s a lot of money.

Student Loan Refinancing with SoFi

And, of course, there’s the fact that if you want to pursue a career that doesn’t fall under the public service definition, then you might want to consider other student loan repayment options, like refinancing. When you refinance your student loans, you take out a new loan—potentially with a new interest rate or loan term.

Depending on your earning potential and credit score, you could qualify for a lower interest rate, which might reduce the amount you pay in interest over the life of the loan.

Learn more about whether refinancing your student loans with SoFi may be right for you.


The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.
Notice: SoFi refinance loans are private loans and do not have the same repayment options that the federal loan program offers such as Income Based Repayment or Income Contingent Repayment or PAYE. SoFi always recommends that you consult a qualified financial advisor to discuss what is best for your unique situation.
The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
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