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Both hard and soft credit inquiries can stay on your credit report for up to two years. However, their impact on your credit score can vary substantially based on your circumstances and the type of inquiry or inquiries you’re dealing with. For instance, soft credit inquiries usually don’t ding your score at all and are visible only to you on your credit report.

Read on to learn more about how long credit inquiries stay on your report and the effects they can have while there.

What Is a Credit Inquiry?

A credit inquiry is a request to look at your history of using credit. This occurs any time a prospective lender wants to take a peek to assess your creditworthiness and potentially extend you a loan or line of credit. Your credit file can show how well you’ve used credit in the past and whether, for example, you typically pay bills on time and have used different forms of credit (such as credit cards and installment loans) responsibly.

Credit inquiries come in two flavors: hard inquiries and soft inquiries.

What Is a Hard Inquiry?

A hard credit inquiry occurs when you officially submit an application for a credit card or loan. The vast majority of lenders will run a hard credit check in order to approve your application for these financial products.

Hard inquiries occur when you apply for a new loan or line of credit (say, a mortgage or a credit card). These hard pulls, as they are sometimes called, can have a negative impact on your credit score, particularly if you apply for many new loans or lines of credit at the same time. Lenders may see this behavior as a risk factor, since you might take out more credit than you can afford to pay back.

A hard inquiry can lower your credit score by about 5 to 10 points each. While these inquiries can stay on your report for up to two years, they may not have an impact after one year.

What Is a Soft Inquiry?

A soft credit inquiry may be pulled by a potential lender to prequalify you for a loan or determine your eligibility for a line of credit but without officially approving your application. Soft credit inquiries can also be part of employment background checks or be requested when you start services with a utility company. You might even pull your credit file yourself to review it for accuracy. That too is a soft inquiry.

The good news is that while they can stay on your report for up to two years, soft inquiries have no impact on your credit score. What’s more, they are visible only to you.

Exceptions to the Impact on Your Credit Score

As mentioned above, only hard inquiries can have an impact on your credit score. Additionally, it’s worth noting that even with hard inquiries, if you’re shopping around for a specific type of loan, you can take advantage of a rate shopping window. Here’s an example:

Say you’re getting ready to buy a house or a car. You may be focused on building your credit score and using a money tracker app to manage your spending and saving goals. When it’s time to shop around for the loan with the most favorable terms, a finalized rate may be available only with a fully completed application (including a hard credit inquiry). So you want to file multiple applications to see where you are approved with the best deal for your situation.

Fortunately, the credit bureaus treat multiple hard inquiries for loans of the same category as only a single inquiry. They do, however, need to be made within a certain time frame — usually between two weeks and 30 days, depending on the type of loan.

In this way, loan shopping may not have too serious an impact on your credit score.

How Long Do Credit Inquiries Stay on Your Credit Report?

Hard credit inquiries can stay on your credit report for up to two years. That’s true for soft credit inquiries, too. As mentioned above, hard pulls may impact your credit score only for a year, and soft pulls are visible only to you.

This maximum time frame of two years is substantially shorter than other markers, such as bankruptcy, which can remain on your credit report for seven or 10 years.

What Is the Difference Between a Hard and Soft Inquiry?

A hard inquiry is used to officially approve an application for a loan or line of credit, and it can have a temporary negative impact on your credit score. A soft inquiry is used in most other instances when your credit score is pulled. It does not have an impact on your credit score, nor is it visible to anyone but you.

How Much Does a Hard Inquiry Lower Your Credit Score?

Usually, a hard inquiry will lower your credit score only by five to 10 points (though the dip may be more meaningful if you’re working to build your credit). While the hard pull will stay on your record for up to two years, it often has a negative impact for only one year.

Note that your credit score updates generally occur every 30 to 45 days.

How Much Does a Soft Inquiry Lower Your Credit Score?

Trick question! Since a soft credit inquiry has no impact on your credit score whatsoever, it won’t lower it at all. In fact, as noted, soft pulls are not even visible to prospective lenders and will show up on your end only when you review your credit file.

How Do Hard Inquiries Affect Shopping for Loans?

Hard inquiries inform lenders that you’re actively shopping for credit. As mentioned above, if all that credit shopping is in the same category in a short amount of time, the effect is likely to be limited. However, if you’re perpetually shopping around for new credit (a personal loan here, a credit card there), lenders may raise an eyebrow. Too many applications for credit can ding your score.

Also keep in mind that the rate-shopping window doesn’t apply to credit cards. Every credit card you open will come with a hard credit check. The impact of this credit check is not mitigated because you submitted other credit card applications. In other words, multiple credit card applications in a short period of time may have a more lasting detrimental impact on your score than if you were shopping for a single mortgage.

How to Reduce the Impact of Credit Inquiries on Your Credit

Perhaps the simplest way to reduce the impact of credit inquiries on your score is to limit the number of inquiries requested. This means you would sparingly apply for loans and lines of credit only when you truly need to. Along with helping you avoid the negative impact of hard inquiries, keeping your credit use to a minimum can help ensure you avoid a debt spiral and stay in the best possible financial position to repay the loans you do have.

Can Inquiries on My Credit Report Be Disputed?

Credit score monitoring is important and can be done for free through several channels, including credit card companies, banks, and credit counselors.

It’s also wise to regularly review your entire file every few months to look for inaccuracies. If you notice a credit inquiry on your report that you don’t recognize, you can dispute it with the reporting credit bureau — and you should. You should also reach out to the financial institution that made the inquiry and inform them that it was not a legitimate request.

In addition, you can dispute any erroneous items on your report, such as an indication that a debt you paid off is still pending.

Recommended: Why Did My Credit Score Drop After a Dispute?

Can You Remove Credit Inquiries From a Credit Report?

The only way hard credit inquiries can be removed from your credit report is if they were made fraudulently. In this case, you should go through the process of filing a dispute with the reporting bureau, as outlined above. These days, most credit file disputes can be made online, but you can also file a dispute by mail.

Avoid Unnecessary Applications Prior to Applying for a Home or Auto Loan

Since hard credit inquiries can have a negative impact on your score, it’s a good idea to avoid applying for unnecessary lines of credit shortly before applying for a more substantial one, like a mortgage or auto loan.

Credit card applications in particular can be a slippery slope since they may be extremely easy to apply for and may offer rewards for doing so. If you’re planning for bigger financial moves in the near future, steer clear if you can.

Recommended: How to Lower Credit Card Utilization

The Takeaway

All types of credit inquiries stay on your report for up to two years, though only hard inquiries can have an impact on your score and are visible to others. Typically, a hard inquiry can lower your score up to 10 points; soft inquiries, on the other hand, have no impact. While credit card applications always lead to a hard inquiry, multiple applications for an auto or home loan in a short amount of time may appear as a single inquiry on your credit report.

As you consider your credit report, it may make sense to track your finances more closely. Tools like a spending app can help you set budgets, manage bill paying, and more.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

FAQ

Can you remove credit inquiries from your credit report?

Unless you notice fraudulent credit inquiries on your report, hard inquiries will usually stay on your record for up to two years, which is a relatively short time frame in the world of credit reporting. If you do see a hard inquiry you don’t recognize, dispute the inquiry with the credit bureau and the financial institution involved immediately. Worth knowing: Soft credit inquiries stay on your report for a similar period of time, but they are visible only to you.

How many hard inquiries are too many?

There’s no hard and fast answer to this question. Generally speaking, the fewer hard inquiries your credit report sees, the better. There is an exception when you’re shopping around for a home or auto loan. As long as all the hard inquiries are for the same type of financial product and are made within a relatively short time frame (usually 14 to 30 days), they’ll appear as a single hard inquiry and have only a single hard inquiry’s impact on your credit score.

How much will a credit score decrease for each inquiry?

While the specifics can depend on the rest of your credit file, generally speaking a hard inquiry will lower your score only about five to 10 points. However, if you apply for multiple credit cards or many different types of loans in a short period of time, the inquiries may have a more substantial impact, especially if your credit file is slim or imperfect.

Does your credit score go up when hard inquiries fall off?

Hard credit inquiries usually have only a slight impact on your overall credit score. While it’s possible you may see a small increase to your score when they fall off, other positive markers, like on-time payments and lowering total credit balance, are more likely to help build your score.

Photo Credit: iStock/Kateryna Onyshchuk
SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

*Terms and conditions apply. This offer is only available to new SoFi users without existing SoFi accounts. It is non-transferable. One offer per person. To receive the rewards points offer, you must successfully complete setting up Credit Score Monitoring. Rewards points may only be redeemed towards active SoFi accounts, such as your SoFi Checking or Savings account, subject to program terms that may be found here: SoFi Member Rewards Terms and Conditions. SoFi reserves the right to modify or discontinue this offer at any time without notice.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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If you’re wondering how much you should have in savings, you may know that many financial experts feel three to six months’ worth of living expenses is vital. That said, you might also be curious if more cash in the bank may provide a greater sense of security and well-being.

Despite the saying that money can’t buy happiness, research indicates that having cash can indeed enhance one’s sense of well-being. A study conducted at the Wharton School of Management at the University of Pennsylvania found having more money does boost your positive feelings.

So with that in mind as well as your financial security, here’s a closer look at how much you should have in savings to get those good vibes going and give you a sense of security during uncertain times.

Why Should I Have Savings?

You want to be financially savvy, right? Most people do. But a startling 12% of Americans have no savings, according to a recent YouGov survey. Another 13% say they have less than $100 and 14% indicate they have between $1,000 and $4,999.

A savings account helps you avoid going into more debt and prepare for unexpected emergencies. Imagine if your car had a major breakdown, or your cell phone was trampled on during a weekend outing. How would you afford the unpredictable repairs?

An emergency fund stocked with extra cash can help you avoid taking out personal loans or using a credit card to cover an unexpected expense. And while emergencies are never fun, it might help you feel a little bit better knowing that you’re prepared. In SoFi’s April 2024 Banking survey of 500 U.S. adults, 45% of respondents said they have less than $500 in an emergency fund.

How Much Money Should I Have in Savings?

If you don’t have much in savings, where exactly do you start? A general rule of thumb is to have three to six months of living expenses saved up, not including money you’re setting aside for long-term planning, such as retirement funds. But keep in mind that your living expenses may increase as you age, as you start growing your family, have mortgage payments, or are saving for retirement, so you might need more in a checking and savings account.

But that is still a good figure to aim for. Once you figure out your bare minimum monthly expenses and multiply it by three or six, you can calculate how much to aim for and get that sum saved.

It’s worth noting that some money experts say 10 times your monthly expenses may be a wiser amount of a cash cushion to stash away.

However, many Americans are not yet stashing away enough for emergencies, according to our survey data.

How Much Money Should I Have in Savings by Age?

Now, here’s a look at how much to sock away in savings based on your age.

18-24: At Least $500 in Savings

Being a college student or recent grad is expensive. It’s hard to keep up with tuition and rent. However, as a college student, you can try starting with $500 in emergency savings and working your way up.

A $500 emergency fund is a great place to start for young people whose expenses are typically less than older Americans. Even just saving $10 per week can help you reach your goal in about a year.

20s: 3-6 Months of Expenses in Savings

After graduation, you’re figuring out the real world for the first time. Most post-graduates are determining how to pay back student loans, and maintain new living expenses. It may help to break down your larger goal of three to six months’ worth of living expenses into first saving $1,000 in your emergency fund.

This can help you feasibly achieve your savings goal while preparing for most emergencies with a sum of cash on hand. You might want to try automating your savings and having a small amount transferred from your checking account on payday to build up your reserves.

30s: 6+ Months of Expenses in Savings

By the time you reach your thirties, ideally you’d have at least six months of expenses saved. At this point, you may even be questioning if you should invest more or continue to save. An easy way to determine how much you need to save is to create a budget of your basic living expenses. Twenty-three percent of people in SoFi’s survey report using budgeting tools offered by their bank.

How much do you need to survive in the case of job loss or a medical emergency? A savings account of at least six months of your usual expenses can help you feel safe enough to cover rent, utilities, and food while you get back on your feet.

40s: 6+ Months of Expenses in Savings

How would you survive if faced with a job loss? According to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, unemployment benefits vary state-to-state, but many states give up to 26 weeks in benefits.

However, the amount you receive might not be on par with what you are earning, so consider alternative safety nets. As an example, in New York, which can have a high cost of living, unemployment benefits may range from $100 to $500 a week.

When you’re in your 40s and 50s, replacing your income may prove to be more difficult as you search for positions with more work experience. If the government covers roughly six months of unemployment, then you’ll likely want to have at least that much and then some in your own savings.

50s: 6+ Months of Expenses in Savings

If you are in your 50s and wondering how much to have in savings, the answer again is at least six months’ worth of living expenses and ideally significantly more. For many people, this is their period of peak earnings. They may have multiple expenses as well, such as a mortgage, children’s education, and eldercare. Yet only 10% of people in SoFi’s Banking survey have more than $10,000 in their emergency savings.

Given these pressing concerns, you want to make sure you have a cushion if you were to face an emergency like job loss. What’s more, you don’t want to tap your retirement savings, which can trigger steep early-withdrawal penalties.

Where Should I Put My Savings?

If you’re building up an emergency fund, then placing your savings in an account that can be easily accessed, like a savings account, is probably ideal. That said, there are different options for putting your savings, depending on your goals.

Retirement Accounts

Putting your near-term or emergency savings into a 401(k) or mutual fund might not be the best place for this purpose because these accounts are not very liquid. In other words, you can’t easily access the money when you need it.

Plus, withdrawing early from accounts specifically set up for retirement may come with penalties and hefty fees if you are under the age of 59.5. In addition, these funds may not be insured, depending on the type of account.

That said, a retirement account is an important tool for long-term savings, since they may help grow your funds over time to help provide you with the money you’ll need later in life.

Investments

Investments can offer a place to grow your savings at a healthy rate of return over time. However, this money will not be insured, and you could face losses if the market drops. That could leave you vulnerable if you needed to access money at that moment. You might look into short-term vs. long-term investments to see how you may want to balance different types of savings plans.

Savings Account

A savings account can provide a secure place to store your savings. There are different kinds of savings accounts to consider, and you may find varying rates of return depending on the annual percentage yield (APY) offered and how often compounding occurs. For instance, there are high-yield savings accounts that offer higher APYs, which 23% of the SoFi survey respondents said they have.

When comparing traditional vs. online banks, you may find that the latter, since they don’t have brick-and-mortar locations, may offer better rates and lower fees.

Recommended: Use SoFi’s savings account interest calculator to see how much your money can grow over time.

Checking Account

While a checking account is a secure, typically FDIC-insured place to store your savings, it’s really designed to be more of a place for paying bills and for everyday needs. You likely won’t earn much interest. In SoFi’s survey, 88% of the respondents with bank accounts have checking accounts, while 71% have savings accounts.

Cash

While cash is perhaps the most liquid of ways to store your money, it can’t promise security. You could be robbed or could lose your money. That’s not what you want to happen to your nest egg!

This chart helps you compare the different places to put your savings.

How Much Does the Average American Have in Savings

While you’ve now read the advice to have three to six months’ worth of living expenses stashed away, many Americans are not hitting that goal.

According to the Federal Reserve’s Board Survey of Consumer Finances, here are the average savings:

•   Under 35: $11,200

•  Age 35-44: $27,900

•  Age 45-54: $48,200

•  Age 55-64: $57,800.

Building Up Savings More Quickly

Convinced you need more savings, and a traditional savings account just won’t cut it? Here are a couple of ways to help build up your savings faster than a savings account alone.

Selling Your Stuff

Take inventory of things in your garage or closet that you can sell. There are several buy/sell apps out there that can make it easier to sell your unwanted items, and many places where you can sell your stuff and recoup some money.

Any money you make off of your items can be thrown into your savings account. This method is a win-win because you get rid of things you aren’t using, and you can build up your savings without changing your spending habits.

Cutting Out Unnecessary Spending

Want to make significant strides with your savings habit? It might be time to look at your expenses and cut out unnecessary spending.

There are several things you could change, even if it’s just temporary. Replace your $100 per month gym membership by exercising with free, full-length workout videos online. Cut out your cable expense and go all-in with a cheaper Netflix subscription.

How a Budget Can Help You Save

Yes, the dreaded budget. Actually seeing how much you spend each month in a written budget can help you save. When you track your monthly income and expenses, you can quickly identify what areas of life are costing the most so you can make adjustments.

An online budgeting tool like SoFi’s can help you track your spending, which can help you see where you might be able to trim some fat from your expenses.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

How much should a 30 year old have in savings?

How much money you should have in savings at age 30 will vary, but an individual should have at least three to six months’ worth of basic living expenses saved. Some financial advisors suggest that you should have the equivalent of one year’s salary (gross) saved.

How much does the average person have in savings?

Savings vary person to person, and with age. Currently, the average American under age 35 has approximately $11,200 saved.

Is $20000 a good amount of savings?

Whether $20000 is a good amount to have saved will depend on a few factors. If you are a single recent college grad, it could be a very good starting point for an emergency fund. However, if you have several dependents and are taking retirement savings into account, then you may consider strategies for increasing your savings.

SoFi Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. The SoFi® Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.

Annual percentage yield (APY) is variable and subject to change at any time. Rates are current as of 12/23/25. There is no minimum balance requirement. Fees may reduce earnings. Additional rates and information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet

Eligible Direct Deposit means a recurring deposit of regular income to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government benefit payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Eligible Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network every 31 calendar days.

Although we do our best to recognize all Eligible Direct Deposits, a small number of employers, payroll providers, benefits providers, or government agencies do not designate payments as direct deposit. To ensure you're earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, we encourage you to check your APY Details page the day after your Eligible Direct Deposit posts to your SoFi account. If your APY is not showing as the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit, contact us at 855-456-7634 with the details of your Eligible Direct Deposit. As long as SoFi Bank can validate those details, you will start earning the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit from the date you contact SoFi for the next 31 calendar days. You will also be eligible for the APY for account holders with Eligible Direct Deposit on future Eligible Direct Deposits, as long as SoFi Bank can validate them.

Deposits that are not from an employer, payroll, or benefits provider or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, Wise, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, or are non-recurring in nature (e.g., IRS tax refunds), do not constitute Eligible Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Eligible Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate. SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder's Eligible Direct Deposit activity to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility.

See additional details at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.
*Awards or rankings from NerdWallet are not indicative of future success or results. This award and its ratings are independently determined and awarded by their respective publications.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Online and mobile banking are now woven into many people’s daily lives. With just a few clicks or taps, you can check your balances, pay bills, and make other financial transactions from virtually anywhere, at any time. Nearly half of the respondents to SoFi’s April 2024 Banking Survey of 500 U.S. adults said they use online baking daily.

Banks are not only convenient, they also implement numerous security measures to help safeguard your accounts. With hackers finding increasingly sophisticated ways to try to access your information, however, it’s also important to be aware of steps you can take on your own to keep your financial and personal details out of the hands of cyber thieves and hackers. Here’s what you need to know.

Tips on Securing Your Bank Account from Hackers

These days cyber thieves are getting increasingly savvy, even setting up fake bank websites and banking apps designed to steal your personal information — and, in turn, the contents of your checking or savings account. In the SoFi survey, 42% of people said they were very or somewhat concerned about the security of their online bank accounts. More specifically, the survey found that:

•   21% are very concerned

•   21% are somewhat concerned

•   29% are neutral

•   16% aren’t very concerned

•   13% aren’t concerned at all

No matter what your level of concern, it’s important to know that there are a few simple things you can do to help secure your accounts. What follows are six easy strategies that can help you stay ahead of scammers and hackers and protect your hard-earned cash.

💡 Quick Tip: Are you paying pointless bank fees? Open a checking account with no account fees and avoid monthly charges (and likely earn a higher rate, too).

1. Choose Trustworthy Financial Apps

Whether it’s your bank’s mobile app or any other type of financial app (like a budgeting app), be sure to only download verified apps from a trusted platform, like the App Store for iPhone or iOS users or the Google Play Store for Android users. Fraudulent activity can often occur through fake apps or those downloaded from unofficial sources.

Before downloading a third-party money management app, it’s also a good idea to look up online reviews of the providers from reliable sources, research the app’s security policies, and look for any past data breaches.

Recommended: 50/30/20 Budget Rule: What It Is and Tips On Using It

2. Choose Strong and Unique Passwords

It’s wise to choose a unique password for every bank account, and avoid repeating any ones you use for other online accounts, even non-financial ones. That way, if a fraudster is able to uncover your Facebook password, they won’t be able to access your savings account.

To create a secure password, try to combine uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters. You generally want to avoid using easily guessable information such as birthdates, kids’ names, or sequential numbers. To keep the login information for all of your accounts organized, you might want to use a physical or online password manager.

3. Use Multi-Factor ID

Whenever possible, it’s a good idea to enable two- or multi-factor authentication. This adds another layer of security by requiring one or more forms of verification in addition to a password, such as a pin sent to your mobile device via email or SMS. If hackers are able to access your bank account login credentials, it would be difficult for them to log in without your second verification.

You may also want to take advantage of biometric authentication methods, such as fingerprint or facial recognition, if offered by your bank. Biometrics protect your account by using unique physical characteristics to verify your identity, making it harder for hackers to gain unauthorized access.

Recommended: Avoiding Mobile Deposit Scams, Fakes, and Hacks

4. Set Up Account Alerts

You can typically set up banking alerts via email, text, or your bank’s app to monitor unusual activity, such as large withdrawals, a profile/password update, new linked external account, or an unusual login attempt. This allows you to identify suspicious activity quickly and report any unusual or unauthorized transactions to your bank right away. You can then work with the bank to swiftly resolve the issue.

5. Watch Out for Phishing Attempts

Phishing scams are ever more prevalent and sophisticated. These scams trick you into providing your personal and banking information that can then be used for fraudulent activity.

For example, you could receive an email, supposedly from your bank, saying there’s been a problem with your account and sharing a link where you are asked to login and update your information. The website you are led to could look just like your bank’s website. If you input your details, hackers will have access to your login information. A few ways to avoid online bank scams:

•   If you get a communication that says it’s from your bank and asks you to click a link, don’t. Log into your banking website or app, and check messages there to see what’s going on. Or call your bank to ask if the message is legitimate.

•   Hover over the email sender’s address. You may be surprised to see the message is coming from a different identity than the one it’s pretending to be. If that’s the case, don’t click on anything; mark the email as spam.

•   Never download attachments from unknown sources, as they may contain malware designed to steal your login credentials.

Recommended: Are Online Savings Accounts Safe?

6. Be Wary When Using Public Wifi

The public wifi at your favorite coffee shop or local library can help you stay connected when you’re out and about, but you can’t count on it to be entirely secure. While it’s generally fine to use public wifi for browsing the web, it’s best to avoid using it for any activities that require login information, such as signing in to your bank account. The open connection could potentially give cyber thieves a chance to grab your username and password as they move between you and your bank’s website.

To make public wifi more secure, consider putting a virtual private network (VPN) app on your device. A VPN encrypts your data as it passes to and from your device and acts as a protective pathway so that your data is not visible as it passes through a network.

Recommended: What Do You Need to Open a Bank Account?

The Takeaway

Online banking is generally safe and convenient, but it’s also important to take precautions to minimize the risk of getting hacked or scammed. Luckily, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk of your bank account being compromised. These include using strong passwords and multi-factor authentication, only downloading apps from reputable platforms, never clicking on links in communications that are (supposedly) from your bank, and never logging into your bank account using public wifi.

Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with eligible direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.

FAQ

Can hackers steal money from a bank account?

Hackers may be able to steal money from a bank account if they gain access to your account credentials. They might be able to do this by using deceptive emails and websites to trick you into revealing your bank details or exploiting vulnerabilities in a bank’s security systems to access sensitive data.

Fortunately, banks implement numerous security measures to safeguard your accounts. You can also help keep your accounts safe by using strong passwords, enabling multi-factor identification, and being wise to phishing scams.

Who pays if your bank account is hacked?

If your bank account is hacked and unauthorized transactions occur, the bank will likely reimburse the stolen funds, provided you report the incident quickly.

As soon as you see something suspicious, you’ll want to call the number on the back of your bank card and go through the fraud department’s recovery process.

Am I protected if my bank account is hacked?

Yes, you are usually protected if your bank account is hacked, as long as you let the bank know about the fraudulent transaction in a timely manner.

Generally, if you report an unauthorized bank transaction within 48 hours, your liability will be limited to no more than $50. However, if you wait months to report an incident, you might have difficulty recovering any of your lost funds.

Can someone hack your bank account with a routing number and an account number?

Having access to your routing number and account number can potentially lead to some negative outcomes, such as fraudulent payments, the creation of checks for your account, and possibly online shopping with retailers that only require bank account information.

However, a routing number and account number is typically not sufficient on its own for hackers to gain direct access to your bank account. Most banks employ multiple layers of security measures, including authentication protocols and monitoring systems, to prevent unauthorized access to customer accounts.

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When the economy contracts and enters a recession, it’s often accompanied by rising unemployment and a declining stock market. For that reason, some investors are caught on their heels, unsure of what to do. But some simple strategies may help investors invest during a recession – and there can be some surprising benefits to doing so.

It may be a good idea to try and keep in mind that because your investments may be trending downward, you shouldn’t let fear or your emotions override your strategy. That’s not easy, of course, but may be helpful to keep in mind.

What You Need to Know About Investing in a Recession

Investors looking to buy and sell stocks or other securities during a time of economic upheaval need to keep many things in mind.

A recession describes a contraction in economic activity, often, though not officially defined as a period of two consecutive quarters of decline in the nation’s real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) — the inflation-adjusted value of all goods and services produced in the United States. However, the National Bureau of Economic Research, which officially declares recessions, takes a broader view — including indicators like wholesale-retail sales, industrial production, employment, and real income.

The point is that the markets tend to price in those indicators, so much so that you may see the prices of stocks start to drop (and bond prices start to rise) even before a recession is officially declared. For example, the S&P 500 Index declined significantly from October 9, 2007, through March 9, 2009, a bear market that started two months before the Great Recession, which lasted from December 2007 through June 2009.

From those lows in March 2009, the S&P 500 delivered a return of 400% through February 2020, surpassing the previous peak in April 2013. Those that stayed in the market despite unprecedented economic declines were still able to experience a positive return.

But that stock volatility can give investors the jitters — and that emotional state that can be contagious.

Behavioral finance experts have dubbed this tendency “herd mentality,” which means you’re more likely to behave similarly to a larger group than you realize. Combine that behavioral bias with another common one — loss aversion — and you can see how emotions can lead some investors to make impulsive choices in a moment of panic or doubt.

However, there is some good news: history shows that most recessions don’t last as long as you might think — about 17 months, according to the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). So while an economic downturn can be scary while it lasts, it’s likely that time is on your side.

By staying the course and sticking with your investment strategy (and not yielding to emotion), the market recovery could help you recoup any losses and possibly see some gains — especially if you buy the dip (when prices are low). Though, remember, that nothing is guaranteed.

Investing Strategies for a Recession

The following are a few investment strategies that may help investors weather a recession:

Dollar-Cost Averaging

While it’s critical for investors to stay true to their long-term strategy during a recession, what about investing new money? This is where the concept of dollar-cost averaging is important for investors to keep in mind.

Dollar-cost averaging, simply put, is a systematic way of investing a fixed amount of money regularly. It’s often used to describe the way most people invest, on a paycheck-by-paycheck basis, through workplace 401(k) and 403(b) plans.

This approach spreads the cost basis out over a long period of time and a wide range of prices. By doing so, it provides a degree of insulation against market fluctuations. During times of rapidly rising share prices, the investor will have a higher cost basis than they otherwise would have had. During times of collapsing stock prices, the investor will have a lower cost basis than they otherwise would have had.

Taken together, then, dollar-cost averaging can help you pay less for your investments on average over time and help to improve long-term returns.

Buy and Hold

Because most investors invest with a long-term time horizon, it may be best to employ a buy and hold investment strategy. This strategy can often be paired with a dollar-cost averaging strategy.

In short, a buy and hold strategy is a passive strategy in which investors buy stocks, exchange-traded funds, and other securities and hold on to them for a long time.

By buying and holding, investors believe that they are likely to earn long-term investment returns despite whatever short-term market volatility may come their way. They think an extended time horizon allows them to ride out short-term dips in the market.

This strategy can also help investors avoid emotional investing or trying to time the market.

Rebalancing

Investors try to gauge how close or far they are from their goals because your time horizon determines how you invest. For instance, a younger investor may have a portfolio that’s heavier in growth stocks and lighter when it comes to bonds and cash.

For an investor nearing an important goal, like retirement, the priority may be safety and security or investments like high-quality (but lower-yielding) bonds. Over time, investors need to rebalance their portfolios, shifting the allocation of different asset classes. A younger investor may start with an allocation of 70% stocks and 30% bonds and cash. But as they near retirement, that equity allocation might shift toward 50% stocks or even lower.

Tax-Loss Harvesting

A recession can also be a chance to sell out of a mix of investments, owing to tax considerations. Investors can take advantage of tax-loss harvesting by selling stocks or mutual funds that have appreciated alongside those that have lost value. This strategy allows investors to use investments that have declined in value to offset investment gains and potentially reduce their annual tax bill.

When an investor wants to reduce capital gains taxes they owe on investments they’ve sold, tax-loss harvesting can allow an investor to deduct $3,000 in losses per year. As such, the strategy can be the silver lining on investments that didn’t work out.

Potential Investments During a Recession

It’s worth remembering some investments tend to perform better than others during recessions. Recessions are generally bad news for highly leveraged, cyclical, and speculative companies. These companies may not have the resources to withstand a rocky market.

By contrast, the companies that have traditionally survived and even outperformed during a downturn are companies with very little debt and strong cash flow. If those companies are in traditionally recession-resistant sectors, like essential consumer goods, utilities, defense contractors, and discount retailers, they may deserve closer consideration.

Recommended: What Types of Stocks Do Well During Volatility?

Some investors might also seek out even more defensive positions during a recession by buying real estate, precious metals (e.g., gold), or investing in established, dividend-paying stocks.

Additionally, some investors may look to move some money out of riskier investments like stocks, bonds, or commodities and into cash and cash equivalents. For some investors, having adequate cash on hand or having money invested in certificates of deposit (CDs) and money market funds may be a good option for a portfolio during a recession.

Bear in mind that every recession impacts different sectors in different ways. During the Great Recession of 2008-09, financial companies suffered — because it was a financial crisis. In 2020, biotech companies tended to thrive, but investments in energy companies have been hit harder owing to fluctuating oil prices.

As an investor, you must do the math on where the risks and opportunities lie during a recession.

What to Avoid In a Recession

During a recession, it’s important to remember two key tenets that will help you stick to your investing strategy. The first is: While markets change, your financial goals don’t. The second is: Paper losses aren’t real until you cash out.

The first tenet refers to the fact that investors go into the market because they want to achieve certain financial goals. Those goals are often years or decades in the future. But as noted above, the typically shorter-term nature of a recession may not ultimately impact those longer-term financial plans. So, most investors want to avoid changing their financial goals and strategies on the fly just because the economy and financial markets are declining.

The second tenet is a caveat for the many investors who watch their investments — even their long-term ones — far too closely. While markets can decline and account balances can fall, those losses aren’t real until an investor sells their investments. If you wait, it’s possible you’ll see some of those paper losses regain their value.

So, investors should generally avoid panicking and making rash decisions to sell their investments in the face of down markets. Panicked and emotional selling may lead you into the trap of “buying high and selling low,” the opposite of what most investors are trying to do.

The Takeaway

Investing during a recession is really what you make of it. While market volatility can spark investor worries, it’s possible to manage your emotions, stay in control of your investment strategy, and possibly come out ahead. Sticking to some broad strategies may be able to help, such as dollar-cost averaging or a buy-and-hold approach. Of course, nothing will guarantee that you generate positive returns during a recession, but certain strategies may help buoy your portfolio during economic upheaval.

Invest in what matters most to you with SoFi Active Invest. In a self-directed account provided by SoFi Securities, you can trade stocks, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), mutual funds, alternative funds, options, and more — all while paying $0 commission on every trade. Other fees may apply. Whether you want to trade after-hours or manage your portfolio using real-time stock insights and analyst ratings, you can invest your way in SoFi's easy-to-use mobile app.