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When you fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) form, one of the first things you’ll need to determine is whether you’re a dependent or independent student. Your dependency status not only impacts the information you need to report on the form, but also the type and amount of aid you may be awarded.

Dependent students must include both their own and their parent’s financial information on the FAFSA. Independent students, on the other hand, only need to report their own finances (and their spouse’s, if married).

Below, we break down what it means to be independent vs. dependent for FAFSA purposes.

The Difference Between Independent and Dependent Students

Your FAFSA dependency status determines whose financial information is considered when calculating your aid eligibility.

What Is an Independent Student?

An independent student is generally defined as someone who is not reliant on their parents for financial support and can therefore file their FAFSA without including their parents’ information.

You’re considered an independent student if you meet at least one of the following criteria:

•  Age 24 or older

•  Married

•  Enrolled in a graduate or professional program

•  A veteran

•  A member of the U.S. armed forces

•  An orphan

•  A ward of the court

•  A current or former foster youth

•  In a legal guardianship (current or past)

•  Have legal dependents other than a spouse

•  An emancipated minor

•  Unaccompanied and homeless or at risk of becoming homeless

💡 Quick Tip: You can fund your education with a competitive-rate, no-fees-required private student loan that covers up to 100% of school-certified costs.

What Is a Dependent Student?

If none of the independent criteria apply, you’re classified as a dependent student. Generally, dependent students are under 24 years old, unmarried, without dependents, and not veterans or active duty members of the U.S. armed forces.

If you are considered a dependent student, your parents’ information will be assessed along with your information to get a full picture of your family’s financial situation. Even if your parents do not intend to contribute to your education costs, their information will be used to determine what aid, if any, you receive. A dependent student is assumed to have the support of their parents.

How FAFSA Determines Your Status

Each year, the FAFSA asks a series of key questions to help students determine their official status. These questions change slightly each year, so be sure to read them carefully.

Here’s a look at the dependency status question on the 2025–26 FAFSA Form:

•  Were you born before Jan. 1, 2002?

•  As of today, are you married? (Answer “No” if you are separated but not divorced.)

•  At the beginning of the 2025–26 school year, will you be working on a master’s or doctorate program (such as an M.A., MBA, M.D., J.D., Ph.D., Ed.D., graduate certificate, etc.)?

•  Are you currently serving on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces for purposes other than training? (If you are a National Guard or Reserves enlistee, are you on active duty for other than state or training purposes?)

•  Are you a veteran of the U.S. Armed Forces?

•  Do you have children or other people (excluding your spouse) who live with you and who receive more than half of their support from you now and between July 1, 2025, and June 30, 2026?

•  At any time since you turned age 13, were you an orphan (no living biological or adoptive parent)?

•  At any time since you turned age 13, were you a ward of the court?

•  At any time since you turned age 13, were you in foster care?

•  Are you or were you a legally emancipated minor, as determined by a court in your state of residence?

•  Are you or were you in a legal guardianship with someone other than your parent or stepparent, as determined by a court in your state of residence?

•  At any time on or after July 1, 2024, were you unaccompanied and either (1) homeless or (2) self-supporting and at risk of being homeless?

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Dependent Students

If you answered “No” to all of the questions above, you are considered to be a dependent student. This means that your Student Aid Index (SAI) will be based on both your income and your parents’ financial profile. While this may reduce your eligibility for need-based aid, your parents can access Federal Parent PLUS Loans and may qualify for education tax credits when they fill out their federal tax return.

If you are considered a dependent student by the FAFSA but are not in contact with your parents or have left home due to an abusive situation, you may qualify for a dependency override. In this case, you’ll want to fill out the FAFSA and select “Yes” to the “Do unusual circumstances prevent the student from contacting their parents or would contacting their parents pose a risk to the student?” question on the form. You’ll be considered provisionally independent. To complete your application, you’ll need to contact the financial aid office at the college you plan to attend to find out what supporting documentation you’ll need to submit directly to the school.

Independent Students

If you answered “Yes” to one or more of the questions listed above, you are considered to be an independent student. This means you only need to report your own finances (and your spouse’s, if applicable) on the FAFSA form. Being independent could increase your potential for financial aid, as your parents’ income and assets are not considered in the aid calculation.

💡 Quick Tip: Even if you don’t think you qualify for financial aid, you should fill out the FAFSA form. Many schools require it for merit-based scholarships, too.

When Federal Student Aid Falls Short

FAFSA-based aid is a great starting point, but it’s often not enough to cover the full cost of going to college. Here are some other funding options to explore:

•   Scholarships: There are numerous scholarships available through individuals, businesses, nonprofits, community groups, and professional associations. They may be awarded based on merit, financial need, athletics, field of study, religion, ethnicity, or other criteria, and do not need to be repaid. You can find out about scholarships through your high school guidance counselor, your chosen college’s financial aid office, and by using an online scholarship finder. “Start researching scholarships early,”advises Brian Walsh, CFP® and Head of Advice & Planning at SoFi. “Gathering the required documents and information to apply takes time, and early deadlines are common for large awards.”

•   Part-time jobs: Even if you weren’t awarded Federal Work-Study, you can still look for a part-time job on or off campus to help cover costs. Working can provide valuable experience and help reduce the amount you need to borrow. Your school’s career services office may be able to help you find a position. Summer jobs can also help you rack up extra cash to help pay for college.

•   Federal student loans: If you need to borrow money, it’s a good idea to exhaust all federal student loan options before turning to private loans. Federal loans often have lower fixed interest rates and offer benefits (like income-driven repayment and borrower protections) that may not be available with private loans. You’ll need to complete the FAFSA to be eligible for federal student loans.

•   Private student loans: If you still have a funding gap after exploring federal loans, private student loans can help cover the difference. These loans are offered by banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions. They are credit-based, so you may need a cosigner, especially if you have limited credit history. It’s a good idea to compare offers from different lenders, considering interest rates, fees, and repayment terms.

Recommended: Ohio State University Cost

The Takeaway

Understanding whether you’re considered a dependent or independent student for FAFSA purposes is critical because it directly affects how much financial aid you may qualify for. Dependent students will need to include their parents’ financial information, while independent students report only their own (and their spouse’s, if applicable).

If federal aid alone isn’t enough, you can also look into scholarships, part-time work, and responsible borrowing options to help cover the cost of your education. The more you understand your status and options, the better prepared you’ll be to create a solid financial plan for college.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

FAQ

Is it better for a college student to file independent or dependent?

For the FAFSA®, you’re generally better off being classified as independent. As an independent student, you do not need to report your parents’ income and assets on the form, which could lead to more aid. However, you need to meet specific criteria, such as being over age 24, being in graduate school, being married, having dependents, or being a veteran. If you don’t meet any of these criteria, you’ll be considered a dependent student and must provide your parents’ financial information on the FAFSA.

Who qualifies as a dependent student?

For FAFSA® purposes, a student is typically considered a dependent if they are under age 24, unmarried, without dependents, and not veterans or currently serving in the U.S. military.

At what age are you considered an independent student?

In terms of financial aid, a student automatically becomes independent at age 24. Before then, students can qualify as independent only under certain circumstances, such as being married, having dependents of their own, serving in the military, being a veteran, or being an emancipated minor. If none of these special circumstances apply, a student is considered dependent until their 24th birthday, even if they live on their own and cover their own expenses.

About the author

Jacqueline DeMarco

Jacqueline DeMarco is a freelance writer who specializes in financial topics. Her first job out of college was in the financial industry, and it was there she gained a passion for helping others understand tricky financial topics. Read full bio.

One main reason for refinancing student loans with a private lender is to combine your loans into one new loan with a lower interest rate. If you get a lower interest rate, your monthly student loan payment will go down. You’ll also pay less interest over the life of the loan.

Here, learn more about steps to take to help get a lower interest rate on student loans.

Reduce Your Interest on Student Loans

Consolidating multiple student loan balances into one new refinance loan with a low interest rate can be ideal for those looking to reduce the amount they owe in interest and also lower their monthly loan payment. It’s important to note, though, that if you refinance federal student loans, you lose access to federal benefits such as income-driven repayment plans.

Getting approved for student loan refinancing isn’t just a matter of submitting an application. You need a game plan — one that will help you become a strong loan candidate, who’ll qualify for a lower student loan interest rate. Here are five strategies that may help.

5-Point Plan for Getting a Low Interest Rate

1. Check your credit.

If you want to reduce your student loan interest rate through refinancing, the first thing you should do is check your credit score. The stronger your credit profile, the less risky you appear to lenders. If your credit profile is solid — meaning you have a good credit score and a low debt-to-income ratio — lenders should offer you better rates.

If, however, your credit profile isn’t quite where you want it to be, that’s OK. Take a few months to build your credit and reapply for student loan refinancing down the line to see if you qualify for a better rate.

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2. Take a hard look at your cost of living.

Some cities are more expensive to live in than others. Someone renting an apartment in a small Midwestern town, for example, has lower living expenses than someone who owns a row home in San Francisco. Cost of living ties directly into your debt-to-income ratio, and therefore it matters when you want to get a lower interest rate on student loans.

To some extent, this is out of your hands; your zip code helps lenders determine your cost of living. But anything you can do to pay down debt, especially high-interest credit card debt, and make choices that free up more money — such as renting a smaller place, taking on a roommate, or leasing a cheaper car — can help your case.

3. Give lenders a complete history.

Some student loan refinancing lenders consider things like where you went to school and your position at work when they weigh your application. Provide as much information as you can when it comes to your undergraduate and graduate degrees.

Be sure to also include all relevant work experience. Again, if you can show lenders that you have a solid work history and your income has steadily increased, you will appear less risky. The less riskier you are to lenders, the better your student loan interest rate is likely to be.

If there’s a job offer on the horizon, be sure to submit your offer letter with your application. And if you get a promotion while your application is under review, notify the lender immediately. Finally, if you’re in line for a promotion that will positively affect your paycheck, wait until it happens before you apply.

4. Show all your income.

When lenders ask for income information, they mean all of your income, not just job earnings. List dividends, interest earned, bonuses, and the extra money you make from your side hustle or Airbnb rental property. As long as you can prove these income sources, it will all count toward your debt-to-income ratio and help to lower it. And again, the lower this ratio, the better chances you have at qualifying for a lower student loan refinance rate.

Also, make sure your driver’s license is current and that your student loan statements are all correct. If you’re self-employed, you may want to wait until you’ve filed your taxes to apply for refinancing — it’s one of the easiest ways to prove the previous year’s income.

5. Be flexible.

If you have a number of student loans and you’re not offered the best rate when you apply for refinancing, consider refinancing only a couple of them. You may get a lower interest rate with a smaller refinance balance. You can always apply for the full balance down the road after you’ve received a raise or moved to a less expensive location.

Being flexible also means you might want to think about asking a friend or relative for help if your application isn’t as strong as you’d like. When you refinance your student loans with a cosigner who has a good credit profile and low debt-to-income ratio, you may be able to get a lower rate than if you refinanced on your own.

Refinance Student Loans With SoFi

The stronger you are as a student loan refinancing candidate, the better your chances are of getting a lower student loan refinance rate. To get the lowest rate when refinancing, check your credit, take a close look at your living expenses and debt-to-income ratio, give lenders a complete history of your education and employment, make sure to include all of your income sources in the application, and finally, be flexible, even if that means applying with a cosigner.

Keep in mind, though, that if you choose to refinance your federal student loans with a private lender, you lose access to federal benefits, such as student loan forgiveness and income-driven repayment plans. Make sure you don’t plan on using these benefits now or at any point in the future before deciding to refinance.

If you do think a student loan refinance may be right for you, consider SoFi. SoFi offers competitive rates and does not charge origination fees. It takes just a few minutes to see your rates, and your credit score will not be affected when you prequalify.

FAQ

Can you negotiate your student loan interest rate?

Not necessarily. Interest rates are determined by both the market and your credit profile, leaving little room for negotiation. You could, however, present your lowest offer to another lender to see if they will match that.

How can I get a lower interest rate when refinancing my student loans?

Strategies to potentially get a lower interest rate when refinancing student loans include building your credit profile, having a reliable source of income, and making sure your debt-to-income ratio is low.

Is it possible to get lower rates when refinancing student loans?

Yes, it is possible to get a lower interest rate when refinancing student loans. Your student loan interest rate will generally depend on current market rates, your credit profile, and your debt-to-income ratio. A strong credit history and a lower debt-to-income ratio may help you get a lower rate.

SoFi Student Loan Refinance
Terms and conditions apply. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are private loans. When you refinance federal loans with a SoFi loan, YOU FORFEIT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR ALL FEDERAL LOAN BENEFITS, including all flexible federal repayment and forgiveness options that are or may become available to federal student loan borrowers including, but not limited to: Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Income-Based Repayment, Income-Contingent Repayment, extended repayment plans, PAYE or SAVE. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. Learn more at SoFi.com/eligibility. SoFi Refinance Student Loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.