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State student loan programs are financial aid options offered at the state level to help residents afford the cost of higher education. These programs often provide low-interest loans, grants, or scholarships specifically for in-state students attending eligible colleges or universities.

Unlike federal loans, state loans may come with unique eligibility requirements, benefits, and repayment terms that vary by state. Understanding what your state offers can be an important part of building a well-rounded college financing plan.

State Student Loan Programs, Explained

State student loans are offered by state government agencies. They generally have similar requirements and benefits to federal loans: low, fixed interest rates and flexible repayment plans. Some even offer subsidized (interest-free) loans and a deferred repayment plan. Though some states may waive a credit check, other lenders do require it. Students without a solid credit history may need to consider applying with a cosigner.

State student loans agencies are also unique because they are run not-for-profit and benefit the local community. As a local entity, they tend to be more mission-minded and offer more personable customer service.

These programs may offer a strong alternative for students who have exhausted financial aid and federal student loans.

What Are State Student Loan Programs?

State student loan programs vary in scope by state and not all states offer this option. Typically, a state’s department of postsecondary education is responsible for managing the loan program.

Also, terms and eligibility requirements differ from state to state. For instance, Georgia state offers the “Student Access Loan” through the Georgia Student Finance Authority. It’s a 1% fixed rate loan offered exclusively to Georgia residents.

Eligibility is strict, however. Prospective or current students must be enrolled in an institution from one of three university systems in Georgia (University System of Georgia, Technical College System of Georgia, or private postsecondary institutions). A maximum of $8,000 can be awarded per year, and up to $36,000 in a college career.

Applying for State Student Loan Programs

Many state student loans’ first step is filling out a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®). According to the U.S. Department of Education, some programs are first-come, first-serve — so it may help to apply early.

To get started, find your state’s department of postsecondary education. The U.S. Department of Education maintains a list of each state’s agency. These departments will be your direct sources of information on loan programs, eligibility, and how to apply. They can direct you to state student loan programs, if any are available.

It’s best to contact your department first for the latest programs, but the Education Finance Council has a comprehensive list of all participating state agencies. It may also be helpful to connect with your financial aid office, as they may have insight into state and college-specific aid opportunities.

If your state does not offer student loans — consider out-of-state agencies that accept out-of-state students like the Massachusetts Educational Financing Authority (MEFA). Massachusetts’ state legislature created MEFA in 1982 to provide low-cost finance alternatives for families and students. They offer undergraduate loans with fixed rates from 5.75% to 8.95% APR, as of May 2025.

What Can State Student Loan Programs Be Used For?

Borrowers use state student loans for college programs, whether professional, undergraduate, or graduate.

Your “cost of attendance” (COA) is a federal term that defines expenses from your higher ed programs. They can include tuition, room, food, books, and supplies.

State student loans should not be used for sorority and fraternity dues, vacation travel, or non-discretionary dining. Generally, it’s wise to use the minimum required to pay for educational needs in order to pay lower interest fees after graduation.

Tuition

College Tuition is the price of the actual education. It covers the cost of your classes and varies by the amount of credits required in your major. Charges will also vary depending on whether the school is public or private, or if students are in-state.

Room & Board

Room and board refers to housing and meals provided on a college campus. Types of housing include dorms or university-owned apartments.

Some students cut substantial costs by living at home and commuting to school. If living at home is not an option, off-campus rentals can also be covered by state student loans. This option may be cheaper, especially if roommates split the rent.

Recommended: Using Student Loans for Living Expenses and Housing

School Supplies & Equipment

Books, laptops, and other educational equipment are also part of the cost of attendance. It can cover general school items, such as pens and notebooks, and degree-specific equipment, such as Adobe software for graphic design majors or cameras for photography students.

Consider buying second-hand books or renting e-books. E-books in general are cheaper than physical textbooks.

Recommended: Ways to Cut Costs on College Textbooks

Transportation

If your classes are not walking distance — COA covers all local transportation costs such as car, taxi, and public transit. Examples are monthly train passes or gas for your car. Loans cannot be used to purchase a vehicle.

Personal Expenses

These expenses cover daily needs such as toiletries, groceries, laundry, haircuts, and other personal matters while a college student. They can also cover your phone and internet bill.

Dependent Care Expenses

Childcare is included in COA. This includes daycare or babysitters. Determine your aid amount by the number and age of dependents, as well as hours of care needed.

Other Costs Associated with Schooling

Miscellaneous expenses are covered, too. Examples might include study abroad programs and special needs equipment. COA also covers general campus fees, such as orientation fees, student social activity fees, health insurance fees, and more.

Recommended: I Didn’t Get Enough Financial Aid: Now What?

State Loan Programs vs Private Student Loans

More Competitive Rates

Benefits to state student loans may include a more competitive interest rate or a deferred payment plan. Private lenders, on the other hand, typically have higher interest rates that are generally determined based on the applicant’s credit history and income, among other factors. Also, private loans may not have deferred repayment plans.

Maximum Borrowering Amounts

State loan programs usually have a maximum borrowing amount for students. For instance, Georgia’s program awards a maximum of $8,000 per year. Private lenders will typically award up to the cost of attendance, minus any other financial aid received.

Stricter Eligibility Requirements

State college loan programs have more strict eligibility requirements for borrowers. The above-mentioned state agency in Georgia lends only to in-state residents. Georgia has even stricter policies: the schools must be in-state. Alaska’s program, however, allows Alaskan residents to use funds for out of state tuition.

Lastly, state student loan programs are not available in every state — whereas there are several private lenders to choose from nationally.

The Takeaway

State student loan programs offer valuable financial aid opportunities for students seeking to manage the costs of higher education. These programs, administered by individual states, often provide low-interest loans, grants, or scholarships tailored to residents attending in-state institutions.

Other ways to pay for college include cash savings, scholarships, grants, federal student loans, and private student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

What are state student loans?

State student loans are non-federal funds offered via U.S. state higher education offices. They generally offer lower interest rates and various benefits to residents. Some state agencies lend nationally.

Are state student loans offered through the government?

State student loans are offered through state-level government agencies — not national (federal) agencies.

What are the benefits of choosing a state student loan over a private loan?

State student loans often come with benefits such as lower, fixed interest rates, deferred repayment options, and standardized rates regardless of credit score. They may also offer more personalized customer service due to their community-focused nature. In contrast, private loans typically have variable rates based on credit history and may lack certain borrower protections.

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Photo credit: iStock/Nelson_A_Ishikawa

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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The lifetime graduate student aggregate loan limit for subsidized and unsubsidized federal loans is $138,500. Of this amount, no more than $65,500 can be in subsidized loans. This is the aggregate limit that includes loan amounts borrowers use to pay for undergraduate and graduate studies.

The lifetime graduate student aggregate loan limit for Subsidized and Unsubsidized federal loans is $138,500. Of this amount, no more than $65,500 can be in subsidized loans. This is the aggregate limit that includes loan amounts borrowers use to pay for undergraduate and graduate studies.

Students could also borrow private student loans, which could potentially increase the amount of student loans an individual could borrow. Continue reading for more details on the different types of student loan limits.

Federal Student Loan Limits

Students can apply for federal aid to help fund graduate school. Students are encouraged to fill out the FAFSA® (Federal Application for Federal Student Aid) to see if they qualify for help. Graduate requirements of FAFSA are similar to those for undergraduate students. Eligibility for federal aid is based on a student’s income, among other factors, so not everybody will be eligible for all types of aid.

As mentioned, the lifetime aggregate limit for Subsidized and Unsubsidized student loans is $138,500 for graduate or As mentioned, the lifetime aggregate limit for subsidized and unsubsidized student loans is $138,500 for graduate or professional students. Of this amount, no more than $65,500 can be in subsidized loans. This is the aggregate limit, so it does include student loans borrowed during undergraduate study.
students. Of this amount, no more than $65,500 can be in subsidized loans. This is the aggregate limit, so does include student loans borrowed during undergraduate study.

Limits for Direct Unsubsidized Loans and Direct PLUS Loans are outlined below.

Direct Unsubsidized Loans

Graduate students cannot receive Direct Subsidized Loans. Direct Subsidized Loans are only available to undergraduate students who show financial need. If students took out these loans as undergraduates, that amount will be included in the lifetime limit of federal loans they’re allowed to receive.

For Direct Unsubsidized Loans, the annual limit is $20,500. All graduate or professional students are considered independent for this loan. Unsubsidized loans aren’t dependent on students demonstrating financial need. The schools will decide how much students receive based on their annual costs and how much aid they’re receiving from other sources.

Direct PLUS Loans

Graduate students with eligible credit can also take out Direct PLUS Loans, issued by the U.S. Department of Education. These loans have an annual limit of the cost of attendance, subtracting any other aid that is received.

Private Student Loan Limits

After exhausting federal aid, students can turn to private student loans if needed. Private student loans are issued by banks, credit unions, and online lenders. These loans typically require a credit check and may have variable interest rates.

The maximum amount that students can borrow with a private student loan will depend on the lender. Usually, they won’t lend students more than it costs to attend school.

The cost of attendance is an estimate of tuition and fees, books and supplies, living expenses, transportation, and other miscellaneous expenses. The estimate can also include dependent care, study-abroad programs, and costs related to disabilities.

Recommended: Private Student Loan Guide

Graduate Student Loans vs Undergrad Student Loans

Undergraduate students may be eligible for Direct Subsidized Loans. The government covers the interest that accrues while a student is enrolled at least half-time in school. Graduate students are not eligible for this loan type.

Direct Unsubsidized Loans are available to both graduate and undergraduate students. The undergraduate student federal loan has a lower interest rate than the unsubsidized loan for graduate students. Undergrads have an interest rate of 6.53% for the 2024-25 school year, while it is 8.08% for graduate students.

Direct PLUS Loans are available for graduate students. Only undergraduate students who are considered independent, or whose parents are unable to obtain PLUS Loans, may be eligible to borrow a PLUS Loan.

Graduate School Resources

Be sure to fill out your grad school FAFSA to see if you qualify for federal aid. In addition to federal student loans, graduate students may be eligible for grants and scholarships.

Grants and Scholarships

When students submit their FAFSA, their eligibility for certain grants will be considered. The school may also have information on local or institutional-based grant programs.

Grad students also have the option of doing a graduate assistantship, where they teach or work on research under the supervision of a professor. Assistantships sometimes pay a stipend or provide benefits like housing. Students can check with their schools to see if that option is available to them.

Scholarships and fellowships are also available to help pay for graduate school. There are many ways students can go about finding and applying for grad school scholarships. Students can check with their school’s financial aid department, or even the department they’re studying under, to see what is available.

There’s usually a wide variety of scholarships available from various sources, including schools, employers, companies, and nonprofit organizations. Scholarships can be either merit-based or need-based, so the eligibility will vary.

Recommended: Scholarship Search Tool

The Takeaway

The aggregate limit for unsubsidized and subsidized loans for graduate students is $138,500, of which no more than $65,500 can be in subsidized loans. For the PLUS Loan, the annual borrowing limit is no more than the cost of school minus other forms of financial aid. Limits for private student loans may vary by lender but, generally, a private lender will not let you borrow more than the cost of attendance.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

What is the lifetime borrowing limit for federal student loans for graduate students?

Graduate and professional students have a lifetime aggregate borrowing limit of $138,500 for federal Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans, which includes any loans borrowed during undergraduate studies.

How much of the $138,500 federal loan limit can be in subsidized loans?

No more than $65,500 of the $138,500 aggregate limit can be in subsidized loans. However, it’s important to note that subsidized loans are no longer available to graduate students.

Can private student loans help cover costs beyond federal loan limits?

Yes, private student loans can be used to cover education expenses that exceed federal loan limits. However, borrowing limits for private loans vary by lender and typically cannot exceed the total cost of attendance.

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SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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High school graduation marks an important milestone and a major life transition, signaling the end of one chapter and the beginning of another.

Whether students are heading to college, entering the workforce, or exploring other opportunities, preparing for graduation involves more than ordering a cap and gown. It’s a time to reflect on accomplishments, plan for the future, and take practical steps to ensure a smooth path forward.

To help get you started, check out these tips to close out high school on a high note and prepare for summer and beyond.

Preparing for High School Graduation

1. Keeping Up Your Grades

You’re almost across the finish line. Yet, slacking off and letting grades slip could be a red flag for the college you plan on attending in the fall.

The extent to which colleges look at senior year grades varies. If an A in calculus drops to a B, that’s probably not a cause for alarm. Rather, having grades fall below a college’s admissions standards could run the risk of a rescinded offer. Staying on top of your coursework and taking some challenging classes your senior year could pay off in the fall.

2. Ordering Your Cap and Gown

To attend high school graduation, you’ll likely have to look the part. If you have an older sibling or friend who graduated before you and is around your size, you can kindly ask to borrow their cap and gown, assuming it’ll match your classmates’ at graduation.

Renting a cap and gown could save money if that option is offered at your high school. Rentals may require a deposit and will likely need to be returned right after the ceremony to discourage graduates from walking off with them amid all the excitement.

If you go the rental route, you may still need to purchase a tassel unique to your graduating class. Traditionally, there is a moment during the ceremony when graduates are asked to flip their tassel from one side of their cap to the other, which signifies graduation.

3. Return Library Books

At many high schools, failing to return library books or pay any accrued late fees could make you ineligible to walk at graduation. If there are any other fees or outstanding holds that will prevent you from walking at graduation, take care of them as soon as possible. Your guidance counselor or another administrator at the school may be able to help if you’re not sure.

4. Picking a Graduation-Day Outfit

Yes, you will be wearing your cap and gown for the ceremony. But what about photos afterward? Pick an outfit that is both stylish and one you feel comfortable in. There’ll likely be a lot of photos to celebrate this accomplishment, and wearing an outfit you feel your best in can help make you feel good in front of the camera.

5. Reserving Tickets for Graduation

Some schools may limit the number of tickets a student can reserve for graduation due to venue capacity. In some cases, students may be able request additional tickets, but they are not always guaranteed. If your school has a ticket limit or request process, stay on top of deadlines.

6. Inviting Family and Friends to Graduation

Once you know how many tickets you have to your graduation, you’ll need to invite family or friends to the ceremony. Parents, siblings, grandparents, or close friends may all want to come watch, but if there are ticket restrictions, you may be limited in who you can invite.

Consider sending the information for the ceremony including date, time, location, and any parking instructions in writing via email or text so your family members can easily reference relevant details to see you walk across that stage.

7. Taking Photos with Friends and Family

Graduating high school is a major accomplishment. This is a day you’ll want to remember and you’ll want to get photos with family and friends on the big day. Scope out some meaningful locations for a few photos. If you run hurdles, perhaps you want some photos out on the school track.

8. Registering for Dorm Room Necessities

If you’re expecting gifts from family and friends in honor of your graduation, consider registering for dorm room necessities like towels, twin-XL sheets, a duvet cover, or a mini-fridge. Letting your family know what you want and need for the next four years could make it easier for them to purchase something you’ll actually use.

9. Celebrating With Friends and Family

High school graduates have passed numerous milestones from kindergarten to senior year. Besides the homework and exams, many high schoolers have put countless hours into varsity sports, drama club, marching band, or other extracurricular activities.

High school graduation is a well-deserved moment to have fun and celebrate the culmination of these accomplishments. Whether you’re moving away for college or commuting from home, your schedule may change significantly.

Spending time with family and friends, attending senior activities, and throwing a graduation party are some ways to honor the occasion and process the transition.

Recommended: Helping Your Child with Homesickness in College

10. Plan Your Graduation Party (If You’re Hosting One)

Graduation parties are popular for high schoolers and their families. If you — or your parents — are hosting a party, you’ll want to determine details like the date, time, and location, budget for the event, and guest list.

You’ll want to invite guests and track RSVPs so you can get an accurate headcount for food and drink at the event. From there, you can look into decorations and any party rentals (like chairs, flatware, plates, table cloths, and more).

11. Writing Thank You Notes

As you receive graduation gifts, keep a log of who sent each gift. Show your gratitude for thoughtful gifts by writing a thank you note to each sender. Express your thanks for the gift, and mention a couple specific details about the item they sent and how you plan to use it. Close out your thank you with a thoughtful note about when you hope to see them next (or how great it was to see them at your graduation party) and thank them once again.

Generally, it’s best to send your thank you notes soon after receiving the gifts, so staying organized as you approach graduation can be helpful.

12. Landing a Summer Job

Between hanging out with friends and going on family trips, you might have time to take on a part-time or full-time summer job. These experiences can help boost your resume and gain references for internships and jobs down the road.

Additionally, putting in some hours now can further pad your college savings for tuition and living expenses. If all goes well, you may be invited back to work next summer.

13. Managing Your Schedule and Setting Goals

College schedules can be a big adjustment for students. Instead of following a strict bell schedule like most high schools have, college students are responsible for managing their own schedules with little oversight.

Each college course’s credit hours usually indicate how many hours that class meets per week. Full-time students typically take between 12 and 18 credit hours each semester, which translates to roughly the same number of hours in class. This means college students have more flexibility than high school students in planning their schedule for completing homework and other assignments. That flexibility also means more responsibility for their own time management.

Students might consider preparing for this adjustment by trying out a few planning systems — e.g., paper, digital, or a combination of both — to see what works best for them so they’ll be ready to hit the ground running in the fall.

Some things to plan for, other than class schedules, might be a summer job schedule, family vacations, summer parties with friends, or savings goals.

14. Cleaning up Your Social Media Presence

High school can feel like a bubble. Some students have known each other since elementary school.

Upon graduating and leaving this familiar environment, graduates will encounter an influx of new friends, coworkers, employers, and professors. To put your best foot forward in these scenarios, it could be worth revisiting your social media posts on platforms like Facebook or Instagram.

Many people have said or posted things online they aren’t proud of or no longer reflect their current opinions on a subject. Checking to see what posts you’re tagged in, too, can help refine your online presence and give peace of mind as you head into the “real world.”

In serious cases, colleges have rescinded students’ admission for inappropriate and offensive conduct on social media.

Recommended: 25 Smart Things to do With Your Graduation Money

Preparing for College

While finishing senior year and taking care of high school graduation, getting ready for college is just around the corner. There are plenty of ways to prepare for college before the fall semester rolls around. Let’s take a look at some of the key things you may want to consider.

1. Creating a Plan to Pay for College

Pay for college often requires students to pull together a few different types of funding. In addition to savings or using your grad money to pay for college expenses, students can also rely on financial aid including scholarships, grants, federal student loans, and work-study.

Typically, college-bound high school seniors will fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®), available in October of their senior year. This form is the first step in applying for federal student aid, which can include scholarships, grants, and loans, depending on a student’s eligibility.

Students who are looking to fill gaps in funding may consider private student loans — which are offered by private lenders. However, private student loans lack benefits offered to federal student loans, like deferment or forgiveness options, so it’s best to utilize all federal funding before turning to private loans.

Recommended: A Complete Guide to Private Student Loans

2. Researching Classes and Majors

Generally speaking, most programs do not require incoming freshmen to declare a major right away. Still, taking some time before registration to learn about different majors and general course requirements can help students figure out what they want to study, create a balanced schedule, and graduate on time.

3. Getting Ready to Move Away From Home

Students planning to attend college away from home may be feeling a mix of excitement and stress about moving.

Putting that energy into planning for college living arrangements might alleviate some of those feelings.

If coordinating with roommates ahead of time is a possibility, students might consider splitting up the list of room necessities — one roomie can bring the microwave and another can bring the mini-fridge. If the college provides those things, there are many other items that can make the transition from home to college dorm easier.

Recommended: 5 Ways to Start Preparing for College

The Takeaway

Graduating from high school is a huge accomplishment. As you approach graduation day, make sure you have met graduation requirements and have no holds on your student account that will prevent you from walking. Get ready for the big day by ordering your cap and gown, picking your grad day outfit, reserving tickets for the ceremony, and planning a celebration with friends and family.

You’ll also want to start preparing for college, including how you plan to pay for it. Most students rely on a mix of cash savings, scholarships, grants, federal student loans, and private student loans.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

Why is it important to maintain good grades during senior year?

Maintaining strong grades in your final year is crucial, as a significant drop can raise concerns with colleges and, in some cases, lead to rescinded admission offers. Staying focused academically ensures you finish high school on a high note.

How can outstanding school obligations affect your ability to graduate?

Unresolved issues like unreturned library books or unpaid fees can prevent you from participating in graduation ceremonies. It’s essential to settle any outstanding obligations promptly to ensure a smooth graduation process.

What should I do to help prepare for college?

To prepare for college, focus on maintaining strong grades, finalizing financial aid and housing, and registering for orientation. Organize important documents, research your school, and connect with future classmates. Strengthening time management and budgeting skills can also ease the transition and set you up for a successful first year.

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SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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The thrill of opening college acceptance letters and sitting down to decide where to spend the next four years is undeniably special. After making such an exciting decision, making logistical ones may not seem as appealing, especially when it comes time to choose a student loan to help pay for college.

The expense of attending college can be intimidating, but fortunately student loans can help make financing college more manageable. Broadly, students can borrow federal student loans or private student loans to help pay for their education. For the most part, students will rely on a combination of funding, including loans, scholarships, grants, and work-study to pay their way through college.

There are many student loan options that may be accessible to students, and it’s worth considering all viable options before making a decision. Keep reading to learn more on how to pick a student loan (or loans) for college.

Are You Eligible for Federal Student Loans?

Federal student loans are available for students who meet the general eligibility criteria as outlined by the U.S. Department of Education. In addition to demonstrating financial need (for most programs), students must be a citizen of the U.S. or eligible non-citizen in order to apply. Additionally, students need to be enrolled at least half-time in an eligible degree-granting institution.

Types of Federal Loans You Can Get

The U.S. Department of Education issues loans through the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan (Direct Loan) Program, and each loan has unique benefits and eligibility requirements. They offer four types of federal loans.

1. Direct Subsidized Loans: Direct Subsidized Loans are for eligible undergraduates who demonstrate financial need to help cover the costs of receiving a higher education at a college or career school.

2. Direct Unsubsidized Loans: Direct Unsubsidized Loans are for eligible undergraduate, graduate, and professional students. Need is not a determining factor.

3. Direct PLUS Loans: Direct PLUS Loans are for graduate or professional students and the parents of dependent undergraduate students. These loans help pay for education expenses that other forms of financial aid did not cover. This is not a loan based on financial need but requires a credit check, and certain credit history standards must be met to qualify.

4. Direct Consolidation Loans: Direct Consolidation Loans allow students to combine all of their eligible federal student loans into just one loan serviced by a single loan servicer.

Students may not be eligible for each of these loan types, but the information provided on the SAR is used by college financial aid offices to determine what financial aid to offer to a student. Researching each option carefully before deciding which loan to choose can be a helpful and responsible step to take.

Recommended: Subsidized vs. Unsubsidized Loans: What Is the Difference?

How to Apply for a Federal Loan

In order to qualify for federal student loans, students must complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) form. The process is relatively easy and straightforward.

Filling out the FAFSA form will require personal information about the student and their financial circumstances. The following information or documents may be necessary to help fill out the application.

•   Student’s Social Security number

•   Parents’ Social Security numbers, for dependent students

•   Student’s driver’s license number, if applicable

•   An Alien Registration number for non-US citizens

•   Information regarding federal taxes and tax returns for the student or, for dependent students, their parents

•   Records of untaxed income for students or, for dependent students, their parents

•   Information regarding liquid assets, investments, and business or farm assets of the student or, for dependent students, their parents

FAFSA forms completed online take three to five days to process, while paper applications require seven to 10 days. Post-processing, the student will receive their Student Aid Report (SAR), which summarizes the information provided on the FAFSA, so it’s important to review this report to ensure its accuracy. If a mistake is found, students should correct their FAFSA as soon as they can.

The SAR includes the Student Aid Index (SAI), which helps colleges determine eligibility for the Federal Pell Grant and other federal and nonfederal student aid such as gift aid and federal student loans.

The Pell Grant is a federal grant awarded to undergraduate students who demonstrate exceptional financial need.

The colleges the student submitted the FAFSA to are responsible for creating their award package and distributing their financial aid. Contacting the financial aid office at each college a student is considering is advisable, as each college may have a unique process for applying for aid.

Each year, the student can renew their FAFSA form using their FSA ID which will allow them to skip some of the more basic questions on the form.

How to Accept a Federal Loan

When the student aid office at your school sends an aid offer, it will include an option for you to select which types of aid you would like to accept or reject. To do this, follow the instructions provided by your financial aid office. If you have any questions, contact the financial aid office at your school.

Generally speaking, aid that does not need to be repaid, such as scholarships or grants, should be prioritized over loans, which will need to be repaid.

What if Your Federal Loans Aren’t Enough?

If your student loans aren’t enough to pay for college, you have a couple of options. One is to explore scholarships and grants from your school or local community. You can also search for unclaimed scholarships to help find additional money.

Another option is to look into borrowing a private student loan. Federal and private student loans have a few important distinctions. Federal student loans are provided by the United States government, whereas private loans come from private lenders.

More specifically, federal student loans have terms and conditions that are pre-determined by law. Federal student loans have benefits that private lenders are not guaranteed to offer, such as having fixed interest rates and offering income-driven repayment plans. For this reason, federal student loans are generally prioritized over private student loans when students are creating a plan to finance their education.

Recommended: I Didn’t Get Enough Financial Aid: Now What?

Understanding Private Student Loans

Private student loans can be found through banks, credit unions, and online lenders. The lender will set the terms and conditions, and these types of loans are typically more expensive than federal ones.

Interested students will apply for private student loans directly with the lender of their choice. When applying for private loans, it’s important to understand any credit requirements. Most federal student loans don’t require a credit check, but private lenders often require a minimum credit score and income, and typically want to see a history of on-time loan repayments.

Using a cosigner with a more established credit history — which most students don’t have — can make qualifying for a private undergraduate loan easier. The cosigner will have to assume responsibility for the loan if the student misses payments. This private student loan guide has even more detailed information.

Recommended: A Complete Guide to Private Student Loans

How to Pick a Private Student Loan Lender

Most private lenders will allow you to find out if you prequalify for a loan and at what terms and interest rates. This can allow you to effectively compare interest rate types (fixed vs variable), the interest rate amounts, repayment options, loan terms, hardship options, and any perks or discounts the lender may offer before making a final decision.

Once you have selected a preferred lender, you can fill out a formal application. At this point, the lender will conduct a hard credit inquiry (which may impact your credit score).

Determining How Much to Borrow

Determining what to look for when picking a student loan will vary greatly by the student’s financial and educational needs, including how much to borrow. When it comes time to choose how much money to borrow through student loans, the amount will depend on what types of loans the student chooses. For example, federal student loan amounts vary greatly.

•   Undergraduate student loans borrowed through Direct Subsidized Loans and Direct Unsubsidized Loans range from $5,500 to $12,500 per year, varying by what year of school the student is in and their dependency status.

•   Graduate and professional students can borrow up to $20,500 annually in Direct Unsubsidized Loans. These funds can also help cover the remainder of college costs not covered by other financial aid.

•   Parents of undergraduate students can utilize a Direct PLUS Loan to cover the remainder of their child’s education costs that financial aid didn’t cover.

Which of these options a student and their family pursues will vary based on how much financial aid they receive and how much of their education costs they want to cover out of pocket.

When to Turn to Private Student Loans

Typically, students and their families turn to private student loans if their federal financial aid and loan options don’t cover all of their academic expenses. To determine how much in private loans to take out, students should aim to cover the following expenses for the entire school year: tuition, fees, housing, food, textbooks, school supplies, and travel.

To find the final amount required in private student loan funding, students can subtract any money they’ve received from gift aid such as scholarships and grants, financing they will receive from work-study programs, any college savings they or their families have, and whatever federal loans they received.

The Takeaway

Choosing the right student loan is a critical step in financing your college education. By thoroughly evaluating federal and private loan options, understanding interest rates, repayment terms, and borrower protections, you can make informed decisions that align with your financial goals.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

What is the first step in securing financial aid for college?

The initial step is completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), which determines eligibility for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs.

What types of federal student loans are available to undergraduates?

Undergraduate students may be eligible for Direct Subsidized Loans, which require financial need, and Direct Unsubsidized Loans, which do not require financial need.

When should students consider private student loans?

Students should explore private student loans after exhausting federal aid options, especially if additional funds are needed to cover the full cost of attendance.

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SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

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Figuring out how to pay for school can be stressful, so it’s important to compare financial aid vs student loans so that you can reduce your financial burden as much as possible and find out what’s right for you.

When college financial aid isn’t enough, people use federal or private student loans to help cover costs. Private student loans can also close gaps between what you qualify for and how much you need. We’ll compare student loans vs financial aid and explore some features that can help you determine what makes the most sense for your financial situation.

What Is Financial Aid?

Financial aid is funding that is available to students to help make college or career school more affordable. College financial aid comes in several forms and helps students pay for higher education expenses, including tuition and fees, room and board, books and supplies, and transportation.

Here are several types of financial aid available to students:

•   Scholarships: A scholarship is a form of financial aid that’s awarded to students to help pay for college. Scholarships are typically awarded based on academic or athletic achievement, community involvement, job experience, field of study, financial need, and more.

•   Grants: A grant is a form of financial aid that doesn’t have to be repaid and is generally based on financial need.

•   Federal Work-Study programs: The Federal Work-Study Program offers funds for part-time employment to help eligible college students in financial need.

•   Federal student loans: Federal student loans are borrowed money from the federal government or private lenders to help pay for college.

Financial aid can come from federal, state, school, and private sources. Federal Student Aid, a part of the U.S. Department of Education, is the largest provider of student financial aid in the U.S. Federal aid is distributed to 13 million students each year, totaling $120 billion.

What Are Student Loans?

Student loans are money borrowed from the government or a private lender to help pay for school with the expectation that you will pay it back. Like most other types of loans, the amount borrowed will accrue interest over time. Student loans can be used on school-related expenses including tuition, room and board, and other school supplies.

Loans are different from grants or scholarships and it’s essential that you understand the differences between financial aid vs student loans. If you receive a grant or a scholarship, you typically don’t have to pay that money back. Student loans are also different from work-study programs, where students in financial need to work part-time jobs to earn money to help pay for school.

It’s common for college students to take out student loans to finance their education, but you should first compare federal vs private student loans. Federal student loans offer some borrower benefits that make them preferable to private student loans.

Federal Student Loans

Federal student loans are loans that are backed by the U.S. government. Terms and conditions of the loan are set by the federal government and include several benefits, such as fixed interest rates and income-driven repayment plans.

To qualify, students must fill out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA®) every year that they want to receive federal student loans. The FAFSA also allows students to apply for federal aid including scholarships, grants, and work-study. Colleges may also use the information provided on the FAFSA to determine school-specific aid awards.

There are four types of federal student loans available:

•  Direct Subsidized Loans: Direct Subsidized Loans are student loans for undergrads in financial need to help pay for expenses related to higher education. The government covers the accruing interest on this type of loan while the borrower is enrolled in school at least half-time and during the loan’s six month grace period after graduation.

•  Direct Unsubsidized Loans: Direct Unsubsidized Loans are made to eligible undergraduate, graduate, and professional students. Eligibility is not based on financial need. Borrowers are responsible for all accrued interest on this type of loan.

•  Direct PLUS Loans: Direct PLUS Loans are made to graduate or professional students, known as the Grad PLUS Loan, or parents of dependent undergraduate students, known as the Parent PLUS Loan. These loans are meant to help pay for education expenses not covered by other financial aid.

•  Direct Consolidation Loans: Direct Consolidation Loans allow students to combine all eligible federal student loans into a single loan.

Private Student Loans

Private student loans can also be used to help pay for college. Private student loans are offered by banks, credit unions, and online lenders.

While federal student loans are generally the first option potential student borrowers pursue, private student loans may be an option for those that don’t receive enough federal aid to cover the cost of attendance. Unlike federal student loans, which have terms and interest rates set by the federal government, private lenders set their own conditions that vary from lender to lender.

Private student loans are also credit-based. The lender will review an applicant’s credit history, income and debt, and whether they’re enrolled in a qualified educational program. Applicants who may lack credit history, or have a less than glowing credit score, may consider applying with a cosigner to improve their chances of approval.

Keep in mind that private student loans don’t come with the same borrower protections as federal student loans, and are generally only used as a last resort option.

Financial Aid vs Student Loans Compared

When comparing financial aid vs student loans, you need to be aware of the similarities and differences. Here are some key comparisons.

Similarities	Differences
They can both be used to help fund education-related expenses.	Grants and scholarships, a type of financial aid, typically do not need to be repaid. Student loans must be repaid within a given loan term, plus interest.
FAFSA must be filled out for financial aid and federal student loans.	Financial aid and student loans may be paid out differently.
Financial aid and student loans have certain eligibility requirements.	Some financial aid, like scholarships, may be awarded based on merit. Federal student loans can be both need and non-need based. Lending criteria on private student loans is determined by the lender.

Similarities

Financial aid and student loans are both used to help fund education-related expenses, like tuition, room and board, books and classroom supplies, and transportation.

Financial aid and student loans backed by the federal government also require students to fill out FAFSA for each year that they want to receive federal student loans or federal financial aid. Financial aid and student loans also have some sort of eligibility requirements, whether that be based on financial need, merit, or creditworthiness.

Differences

The biggest difference between financial aid and student loans is whether or not you need to pay back the money you are given to help pay for college. Certain types of financial aid — such as grants and scholarships — do not need to be repaid. Student loans, on the other hand, do need to be repaid, plus interest.

There may also be differences in how financial aid and student loans are paid out to the student. Private student loans are usually paid in one lump sum at the start of each school year or semester. Federal student loans are typically applied to tuition and fees, with any remainder being disbursed to you. Government grants and loans are generally split into at least two disbursements. If you have a work-study job, you’ll be paid at least once a month.

Recommended: Gift Aid vs Self Help Aid For College

Pros and Cons of Financial Aid

Pros of Financial Aid

•  Financial aid includes grants and scholarships, which typically do not need to be repaid.

•  Potential to decrease future debt by minimizing the amount you have to borrow.

•  Opens up new opportunities for many students to attend a better school than they could without financial assistance.

•  Allows students to focus on their education instead of worrying about paying tuition.

Cons of Financial Aid

•  Most financial aid does not cover all school-related costs.

•  Scholarships, grants, and work-study programs can be highly competitive.

•  You may have to maintain certain standards to meet eligibility requirements during each semester.

•  There’s less flexibility on how you can spend funds.

Pros and Cons of Student Loans

Pros of Student Loans

•  Student loans offer financial support for those who would otherwise be unable to attend college.

•  You don’t need any credit history for federal student loans and you can use a creditworthy cosigner for private student loans.

•  Student loans can be used for things beyond tuition, room and board, and books.

•  Paying off student loans may help you build credit.

Cons of Student Loans

•  You start off with debt after graduating from college.

•  Student loans can be expensive.

•  Defaulting on student loans can negatively impact your credit score.

•  If you borrowed a private student loan, the interest rate may be variable.

The Takeaway

Understanding the similarities and differences between financial aid and student loans is key to making informed decisions about paying for college. While both options help cover education costs, financial aid often includes grants and scholarships that don’t need to be repaid, whereas student loans must be paid back with interest.

If you’ve exhausted all federal student aid options, no-fee private student loans from SoFi can help you pay for school. The online application process is easy, and you can see rates and terms in just minutes. Repayment plans are flexible, so you can find an option that works for your financial plan and budget.

Cover up to 100% of school-certified costs including tuition, books, supplies, room and board, and transportation with a private student loan from SoFi.

FAQ

Does FAFSA loan or grant money?

FAFSA is an application that you fill out in order to determine your eligibility for receiving a federal loan or federal student aid such as grants and scholarships. While a federal student loan is borrowed money that must be repaid after graduation, funds received through grants, scholarships, and work-study programs do not need to be repaid.

Can you get financial aid and student loans at the same time?

Yes. If you apply for financial aid at your school, you may be offered loans as part of your school’s financial aid offer to help cover the remaining costs.

Do scholarships count as financial aid?

Yes, scholarships are a type of financial aid that is considered gift aid and typically do not have to be repaid.

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Photo credit: iStock/Altayb

SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. We encourage you to evaluate all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs.

Terms and conditions apply. SOFI RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MODIFY OR DISCONTINUE PRODUCTS AND BENEFITS AT ANY TIME WITHOUT NOTICE. SoFi Private Student loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, such as completion of a loan application and self-certification form, verification of application information, the student's at least half-time enrollment in a degree program at a SoFi-participating school, and, if applicable, a co-signer. In addition, borrowers must be U.S. citizens or other eligible status, be residing in the U.S., Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands, or American Samoa, and must meet SoFi’s underwriting requirements, including verification of sufficient income to support your ability to repay. Minimum loan amount is $1,000. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information. Lowest rates reserved for the most creditworthy borrowers. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change. This information is current as of 4/22/2025 and is subject to change. SoFi Private Student loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A. Member FDIC. NMLS #696891 (www.nmlsconsumeraccess.org).

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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