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Buying a house when you bad credit can be challenging, but it’s doable with planning and preparation. Subprime borrowers — homebuyers with low credit scores — may be eligible for both federally backed loans and conventional mortgages.

If your credit score is less than stellar but you’re ready to buy a home, it’s important to pause and take stock of your finances. This guide will review strategies and steps to securing a mortgage and buying a house when you have bad credit.

How to Buy a House When You Have Bad Credit

Lenders will consider a number of factors — not just your credit score — when determining if you’ll be approved for a mortgage. Your debt-to-income ratio and proof of income represent a couple of things you need to buy a house.

The best plan to buy a house when you have a so-called bad credit score can vary on a case-by-case basis. These eight tips will help you assess your financial situation and figure out how to buy a house despite your credit concerns.

Recommended: Understanding Mortgage Basics

1. Get Your Credit Reports

As the saying goes, knowledge is power. Assessing your credit is a valuable first step to understanding where you stand in qualifying for a mortgage.

A credit report can provide a detailed overview of your creditworthiness, including your total debt, payment history, and the ages of your credit accounts. You can request free credit reports from this site or once a year directly from each of the three major credit reporting companies: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion.

Credit scoring is expected to change in late 2025 due to new Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) regulations revising credit score requirements on mortgage loans. A new FICO® system and a model called VantageScore 4.0 are coming. You may want to stay apprised of your scores under these as well.

Upon receipt of your credit reports, it’s important to review any derogatory marks (e.g., late payments) and check for errors. Addressing mistakes could give a quick boost to your credit score.

Many lenders use the FICO® score model to calculate credit scores, from 300 to 850, and categorize them like this.

It’s not uncommon for your FICO score to differ slightly among the three credit reporting companies, so mortgage lenders take the average or use the middle score.

According to third-quarter 2024 data from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Quarterly Report on Household Debt and Credit, two-thirds of newly originated mortgages went to borrowers with credit scores higher than 760.

Only borrowers with credit scores at this level or higher generally receive the most competitive mortgage rates.

A 2024 Money.com analysis showed that VantageScore’s subprime-borrower category included more than 47 million Americans as of February 2024. VantageScore is a credit-scoring system collaboratively developed by credit bureaus Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion.

2. Plan to Pay a Higher Mortgage Interest Rate

Lenders may consider borrowers with poor credit more likely to default on a mortgage loan. To account for this risk, borrowers with lower credit scores usually face higher interest rates.

A modest increase in the mortgage interest rate can bump up your monthly payment and translate to much more interest paid over the life of the loan. For example, a borrower with a 30-year fixed-rate loan of $250,000 at 8.00% interest would pay $61,661 more over those three decades than a borrower with a 7.00% interest rate.

Paying a higher interest rate may be an unavoidable part of buying a house when your credit is not optimal. An option is to refinance your mortgage later to secure a lower rate and save on interest, especially if you make timely payments and improve your credit over time.

3. Pay Your Other Debts

How much debt you have and your ability to pay it is another factor lenders weigh when approving mortgage loans. This is captured through your debt-to-income ratio. Your DTI ratio is calculated by dividing your monthly debt obligations by your gross monthly income, and then multiplying by 100.

Higher DTI ratios tend to mean that borrowers have less ability to make monthly payments. If you want to get approved for a mortgage, a good DTI ratio is under 36%, but it’s still possible to qualify with a higher ratio. You just may pay more interest and need to fulfill other criteria. DTI limits vary by both lender and mortgage type.

Paying off other debts, like credit cards and student loans, can improve your DTI ratio and signal to lenders that you can afford mortgage payments. Reducing your debt can boost your credit score too, by lowering your credit utilization ratio, which is a measure of the amount of available revolving credit you use.

4. Draw Up a Budget

Buying a home is exciting, and it’s easy to lose sight of the true cost of homeownership when shopping for your dream home. But this puts you at risk of becoming “house poor,” meaning you have to spend a disproportionately high share of your monthly income on housing.

Although buying a home is a way to build wealth, having little left over from your paycheck makes it hard to save for retirement and realize other financial goals.

The dreaded B-word, budgeting, is a useful way to ensure that you can afford a home before you walk away with the keys.

An effective budget accounts for both the upfront costs of buying a home (down payment and closing costs) and the long-term expenditures. Besides the loan principal and interest, it’s important to consider property taxes, homeowners insurance, and maintenance. Other items you should also take into account include private mortgage insurance (PMI) if you plan to put less than 20% down on a conventional loan, or mortgage insurance premiums (MIP) for an FHA loan, no matter the down payment. They add up, but PMI and MIP allow many people to buy homes when they otherwise wouldn’t be able to.

You can get a sense of how much your monthly mortgage payment might be with SoFi’s home mortgage calculator tool.

Recommended: Homeownership Resources

5. Save Up for a Down Payment

If you’re a buyer with subpar credit, putting more money down on a home can be advantageous. A larger down payment means borrowing less money, making the loan less risky to lenders and improving the chances of qualifying with bad credit. A smaller loan amount also accrues less interest.

But of course, saving up for a down payment can be challenging. If you meet first-time homebuyer qualifications, you may be eligible to receive down payment assistance.

Recommended: First-Time Home Buying Guide

6. Opt for an FHA Loan

Buyers with lower credit scores or less money tucked away for a down payment could benefit from an FHA loan. FHA loans are issued by private lenders but are insured and regulated by the Federal Housing Administration.

Borrowers with credit scores of at least 580 may put just 3.5% down. If your credit score is 500 to 579, you might still qualify, but you’ll need to make a 10% down payment. Borrowers who have declared bankruptcy in the past may still qualify for an FHA loan.

Keep in mind that borrowers with higher credit scores who qualify for a conventional (nongovernment) mortgage may put just 3% down.

7. See if You Are Eligible for a VA or USDA Loan

The federal government backs other loan types that can help buyers with fair credit.

Active-duty service members, veterans, or certain surviving spouses may use a VA loan to purchase a primary residence. VA loans usually don’t require a down payment. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs does not set a minimum credit score for eligibility, but lenders have their own requirements so it’s important to compare options. VA loans typically come with a one-time funding fee that varies in amount.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture guarantees mortgages issued to low- and moderate-income homebuyers in eligible rural areas. No down payment is needed, but income limits apply. The USDA does not specify a credit score requirement. But lenders do — minimum credit scores generally start in the lower 600s — and will still evaluate a borrower’s credit history and ability to pay back the loan. You’ll pay a guarantee fee (which is like USDA mortgage insurance) of 1% of the loan amount at closing, then an annual guarantee fee of 0.35%.

8. Build Up Your Credit Scores

Raising your credit scores can increase your chances of qualifying and securing better loan terms, but it takes time. Negative marks usually stay on your credit reports for seven years.

Paying bills on time, every time, can gradually build up your credit scores. And if possible, it’s a good idea to stay below your credit limits and avoid applying for several credit cards within a short amount of time.

Soft credit inquiries do not affect credit scores, no matter how often they take place. Multiple hard inquiries if you’re rate shopping for an auto loan, mortgage, or private student loan within a short period of time are typically treated as a single inquiry.

But outside of rate shopping, many hard pulls for new credit can lower your credit scores and indicate distress in a lender’s eyes.

The Takeaway

Can you buy a house if you have bad credit? Yes, but you may have to put more money down or accept a higher interest rate to qualify. If taking steps to improve your credit aren’t enough, you might consider using a cosigner or exploring federal loan programs.

Knowing how to buy a house with bad credit is a good first step to making it happen. You can check out this home loan help center to continue your homebuyer education.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

Is a 500 credit score enough to buy a house?

Yes, but the options are limited. Borrowers with a credit score of 500 might be able to qualify for an FHA loan.

How can I buy a house if I have bad credit and lower income?

Lenders look at your full financial picture, not just your credit scores and income, in a mortgage application. Certain loan types don’t have strict credit or income requirements either.

What is a good down payment for a house if I have bad credit?

A 20% down payment is ideal, but most borrowers aren’t able to put that much down. Any increase in your down payment could improve your loan terms.

How do I know if I’m eligible for an FHA loan?

FHA loan requirements include proof of employment and the necessary down payment based on the borrower’s credit score (those with scores of 580 or above qualify for the 3.5% down payment advantage). The home must be a primary residence, get appraised by an FHA-approved appraiser, and meet minimum property standards.

Photo credit: iStock/SDI Productions

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOHL-Q125-010

A home equity loan is a way to finance a large purchase, complete home renovations, or consolidate high-interest debt by tapping into the equity of your home. Your home secures the loan, and funds are disbursed all at once.

With your home as collateral, lenders have reason to believe you’ll make on-time, full payments, so they offer a lower interest rate than they would on most unsecured loans. Failing to make the monthly payments could result in foreclosure, however.

Yet for borrowers who are confident they can make the payments, a home equity loan is one of the most affordable financing options on the market. Keep reading to learn more about home equity loans and whether or not one makes sense for you.

What Is a Home Equity Loan?

A home equity loan is typically a fixed-rate loan secured by a home in exchange for a lower interest rate.

Repayment terms are typically between five and 30 years.

How Do Home Equity Loans Work?

First, you’ll need to have sufficient home equity, which is the difference between the market value of your home and what you owe on your mortgage. You may have built home equity by paying down your mortgage and by seeing your home appreciate.

You’ll go through an application process, and the lender will likely order a home appraisal to ensure that there’s enough value there to lend against.

You’ll have a lot more paperwork than some other loans and will sign mortgage lien documents that give the lender the right to start foreclosure proceedings should you fail to make payments.

After closing on the loan, you’ll receive all funds upfront. Repayment starts shortly after.

Homebuyers also occasionally use a home equity loan to avoid PMI on a new home. An 80/10/10 piggyback mortgage, for example, consists of a conventional home loan, a second mortgage like a home equity loan, and a 10% down payment. Such buyers are able to put less than 20% down and avoid paying private mortgage insurance.

Types of Home Equity Loans

When you’re looking to use the equity in your home, there are two types of home equity loans to choose from — a home equity loan and a home equity line of credit (HELOC) — and a cash-out refinance.

•   Home equity loan: The loan is disbursed in one lump sum and paid back over time. The interest rate is typically fixed.

•   HELOC: With a home equity line of credit, money can be taken out as you need it, up to the limit you were approved for. HELOCs have a draw period, often 10 years, when you might pay only interest on money borrowed, followed by a repayment period, when principal and interest payments begin. The interest rate is usually variable.

•   Cash-out refinance: A third way of freeing up equity is through cash-out refinancing. This means taking out a new mortgage for more than you owe on your current mortgage. You use the loan to pay off your current mortgage and you are left with a lump sum to spend as you please.

Home Equity Loan Requirements

Home equity loans are contingent on:

•   The amount of home equity a homeowner has

•   Income

•   Credit history

•   Debt-to-income ratio

How to Calculate Your Home Equity

Home equity requires basic math: Subtract the amount you owe from the market value of your home. If your home is worth $500,000 and you owe $350,000, you have $150,000 in equity.

You usually will not get a loan for the total amount of home equity you have, however. When it comes to how much home equity you can tap, many lenders allow a maximum of 85% or 90%, although some allow less, and some, more.

Another way of saying that: Your loan-to-value ratio shouldn’t exceed 90% in many cases.

If you’re taking out a second mortgage like a home equity loan or HELOC, your first mortgage and the equity loan compared with your home value is what is called the combined loan-to-value (CLTV) ratio.

Many lenders will require a CLTV of 85% or less to obtain a home equity loan and a CLT of 90% for a HELOC, although some will allow you to borrow 100% of your home’s value.

Example of a Home Equity Loan Payment

One thing that attracts a lot of borrowers to a home equity loan is the long repayment period, which is also why most homebuyers choose a mortgage term of 30 years.

A longer repayment period can make your monthly payment more manageable. For example, if you were to get a $75,000 home equity loan with a repayment period of 20 years, your monthly payment at 8% interest would be $627. If you had to repay that same amount in five years, your payment would be $1,521.

Here’s a chart comparing examples of monthly payments with different terms:

A lot of variables will affect the rate you pay, such as your credit score and how much home equity you have. Also, keep in mind that the longer the loan term, the more interest you’ll pay, despite the more affordable monthly payment.

Difference Between Home Equity Loans and HELOCs

Home equity loans and HELOCs both use your home as collateral on a loan. How they differ is in how you receive and repay the money.

Advantages and Drawbacks of Home Equity Loans

Home equity loans have some advantages, but be sure to consider the drawbacks as well.

Home Equity Loan Quiz

What Can You Use a Home Equity Loan For?

The great thing about a home equity loan is the wide range of things you can use it for. Once the funds flow to your bank account, they’re yours to use for almost any purpose. Some common uses of home equity are:

•   Home renovations

•   Education expenses

•   Medical expenses

•   Consolidation of high-interest revolving debt

•   Recreational vehicles

•   Vacations

•   Weddings

•   Purchase of an investment property

•   Building an ADU

•   Money in retirement

While you can pay for college tuition with a home equity loan, it might be better to find a student loan for that expense. And vacation expenses and wedding costs might be better addressed by saving and planning than by dipping into home equity.

Why? Because other loan types don’t put your home at risk if you’re unable to pay.

How to Apply for a Home Equity Loan

Step One: Assess your situation. Do you have enough equity to make this happen? How much do you need? Would you prefer a home equity loan or a HELOC? Do you have at least a “good” FICO® score?

If you have an idea of what type of loan you want, how much you want to borrow, and how much equity is available to tap, you’ll be able to shop for what you need.

Step Two: Ask multiple lenders for loan estimates. Getting loan estimates from different lenders can help you find the best terms and rates. Compare the APR of one 20-year loan to another, and so on. The APR will include the loan’s interest rate and any points and fees. Some lenders offer to waive or reduce closing costs on the loan, but the interest rate on these loans may be higher as a result.

All hard credit inquiries made within 14 to 45 days will be counted as one.

Step Three: Find a fitting loan and apply. Submit information about your income, current mortgage, insurance, and other details the lender requests. The lender may require an appraisal of your home.

Step Four: Close on your loan. If everything checks out — including your income, credit history on your credit reports, and home value — you may reach the closing table for your home equity loan. The Federal Trade Commission recommends reading the closing documents carefully and negotiating changes or walking away if something doesn’t look as it should.

Step Five: Receive your funds. Funds are disbursed around three business days after closing on the loan. You’ll receive the amount you were approved for.

Step Six: Begin repaying your loan. On a home equity loan when the funds are disbursed upfront and your interest rate is locked, the first payment will be due around 30 days after you close on the loan.

Is It a Good Idea to Take Out a Home Equity Loan?

Taking out a home equity loan is one of the least expensive ways to finance a large purchase. Because your home is used as collateral, lending institutions are willing to offer a relatively low interest rate on the borrowed amount.

For people who want borrowing flexibility and aren’t sure of the exact amount they will need, a HELOC might be a better option.

While a lower interest rate is great, you should always keep in mind that your home is at risk with a home equity loan. If you’re confident you can make the payments and have a need for a large sum, this may be a financing solution you’ll want to look into.

The Takeaway

With a relatively low interest rate and a repayment period that can be long, a home equity loan is an attractive way to finance a large purchase or consolidate high-interest debt. A home equity line of credit is a good alternative, and more flexible.

SoFi now partners with Spring EQ to offer flexible HELOCs. Our HELOC options allow you to access up to 90% of your home’s value, or $500,000, at competitively lower rates. And the application process is quick and convenient.

FAQ

How much can you borrow with a home equity loan?

Most lenders limit the amount to 85% of your home equity, though that is not always the case. The loan amount also depends on your income, debt, and creditworthiness.

Can you have multiple home equity loans at the same time?

Yes, but you’ll want to consider all your options before getting another loan that puts your home at risk.

Are home equity loans tax deductible?

Interest on home equity loans is tax deductible if the money is used to buy, build, or substantially improve the home that secures the loan. You’ll want to work with a tax advisor to make sure you adhere to the rules around this deduction.

Are there costs to getting a home equity loan?

Closing costs for a home equity loan are typically 2% to 5%, but some lenders don’t charge any closing costs.

How do you pay back a home equity loan?

Repayment begins shortly after the funds are disbursed, and monthly payments are made until the loan term ends.

Photo credit: iStock/VioletaStoimenova

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOHL-Q125-004

A decent salary — one that allows for necessities — might start around $46,645 for a single, childless person in Florida and $63,567 for a couple. Add one child to the equation for two working people, and the figure can rise to $75,959, based on the MIT Living Wage Calculator.

However, these figures may represent the lower end of a “good salary,” as they don’t allow much room for “fun” spending or savings. You might need to earn more to qualify as having a good salary. As a point of comparison, the median income for a one-person household in Florida was $62,973.

Of course, your actual cost of living will depend on the city, size of your household, and your spending needs and habits. Read on for a breakdown of what it may take to say you earn a good annual salary in Florida.

Is It Expensive to Live in Florida?

Florida is the second fastest-growing state in the U.S. in 2024 after Texas, the Census Bureau says, and it’s easy to see the draw.

It’s a state with no income tax, moderate property taxes, lots of sunshine, and plenty to do and explore. Corporate and sales taxes are lower than those of most other states.

Despite those perks, it isn’t the cheapest state to live in. Florida had the 34th lowest cost of living in the U.S. in the 3rd quarter of 2024, according to data gathered by the Missouri Economic Research Information Center (MERIC). That means 28 states had a lower cost of living, with Oklahoma the cheapest place to live.

Some cities are as sizzling as the summers. If you’re Miami-bound and plan to rent or buy, for example, that’s when you’ll especially need to check your finances. Miami-Dade is the second-least affordable place in the U.S. to live, according to the April 2024 RealtyHop Housing Affordability Index.


💡 Quick Tip: Online tools make tracking your spending a breeze: You can easily set up budgets, then get instant updates on your progress, spot upcoming bills, analyze your spending habits, and more.

What Is the Average Annual Salary in Florida?

Whether a salary can be considered “good” or not in Florida can depend on several factors, including where you choose to live. Proximity to a big city or beach can draw residents who are willing and able to pay more. So can living in an area known for high-end amenities (like shopping, nightlife, and cultural attractions) and luxurious homes.

The median household income among Floridians is $62,973, according to the latest data from the U.S. Census. That means, of course, that half of the state’s households bring in more than that, and half bring in less.

That figure compares with the median household income in upscale Collier County (which includes Naples and Marco Island) of $88,173. In Monroe County (Key West), it was $88,870. In Palm Beach County (Palm Beach, Wellington, Boca Raton), it was $84,921. And in St. Johns County (St. Augustine, Ponte Vedra), it was $106,281.

On the other hand, the median household incomes in landlocked and lesser-known Glades and Hendry counties in the south, and Hamilton County on the Georgia border, were $38,905, $49,259, and $47,668, respectively.

So what is a good salary in Florida, if you’re talking about one that goes beyond basic needs and allows for “wants” and savings?

A registered nurse pulls in an average base salary of nearly $75,000, according to Indeed. That’s a good income for a single person with no children in most parts of Florida as viewed through the 50/30/20 budget lens.

As noted above, one Floridian with no children needs to net $46,645 to cover necessities like groceries, a modest rental, health care, and transportation, the MIT Living Wage Calculator shows. Doubling that provides room for discretionary spending (30%) and savings (20%).

Recommended: What Is Competitive Pay?

What Can Affect Affordability in Florida?

As you can imagine, one of the biggest factors affecting how far your salary will go in Florida is housing. Housing costs can vary widely, depending on where you decide to settle and on whether you buy a house or condo. But home and rent prices across the entire state have risen sharply over the past few years.

The cost of insurance coverage — homeowners, health, and auto — also is generally higher than in many other states. Many home and condo owners also must pay for federal flood insurance, which is on the rise. In general, homeowners insurance is very pricey in Florida, in part because of the threat of flooding and storms impacting the area.

Still, owners of primary homes may get a property tax break with the homestead exemption, which decreases the property’s taxable value by as much as $50,000.

That doesn’t mean that everyone who lives in the Sunshine State is living large. The state’s median household income in 2022 (the Census Bureau’s most recent number) was just over $67,000 — while the median U.S. household income was closer to $74,580.

As of January 1, 2025, the state’s minimum wage is $14, and Florida is one of the states impacted most by inflation, according to the U.S. Congress Joint Economic Committee.

What Are Some Average Annual Expenses in Florida?

How should you expect to divvy up your income if you live in Florida? Here are some costs you may want to plug into a money tracker app:

Housing

Whether you rent or buy a home, a major portion of your paycheck will likely go toward putting a roof over your head.

A couple of Florida cities appear on this price-to-rent ratio list. The ratios can be useful when considering whether to rent, buy, or invest.

Also useful if you haven’t owned a principal residence in the past three years or you’re a veteran: first-time homebuyer programs in Florida.

If you’re buying …

Florida’s housing market continues to be red hot, with prices in January 2024 up 4.5% compared with the same period last year, according to Redfin.

Here’s a look at median sale prices in cities across the state for that same period.

Cocoa: $258,000

Daytona Beach: $325,370

Marco Island: $1.2 million

Miami: $660,000

Ocala: $267,675

Orlando: $391,400

Palm Beach: $4.2 million

Stuart: $257,500

Tampa: $462,000

If you’re renting …

Rents are all over the place in Florida, as you can see from the list below. Here are some recent median monthly rents, according to Zillow.

Cocoa: $1,800

Daytona Beach: $1,750

Marco Island: $7,000

Miami: $3,000

Ocala: $1,725

Orlando: $2,000

Palm Beach: $10,000

Stuart: $2,700

Tampa: $2,040

Groceries

The U.S. Census Household Pulse Survey Family Budget Calculator ranked Florida 5th highest for food costs in the U.S. in 2024.

Here are the monthly costs for some Florida counties, based on a family of four (two adults and two children in a household where most food is purchased at a grocery store and prepared at home), according to the Economic Policy Institute Family Budget Calculator.

Brevard County: $1,092

Collier County: $1,185

Hamilton County: $970

Hillsborough County: $1,081

Miami-Dade County: $1,155

Monroe County: $1,318

Palm Beach County: $1,196

Washington County: $861

Utilities

Florida ranks 4th in the U.S. for energy costs, according to MarketWatch. Of course, utility costs can vary depending on whether you rely on natural gas or solar, the size and age of your home, your appliances, etc. But electrical costs came in at $168 per month in a late 2024 study.

According to USAToday, internet costs start at an average of almost $43 per month, and water costs can be $33 and up per month, depending on where you live.

Gasoline

According to GasBuddy’s interactive gas price map, Florida’s gas prices are about average compared with other states. But again, the cost can vary depending on where you live.

Here are GasBuddy numbers for some Florida in March 2024.

Bradenton-Sarasota-Venice: $3.54

Crestview-Fort Walton Beach: $3.27

Daytona Beach: $3.54

Fort Lauderdale: $3.60

Fort-Myers-Cape Coral: $3.55

Gainesville: $3.57

Jacksonville: $3.51

Lakeland-Winter Haven: $3.56

Melbourne-Titusville: $3.55

Miami: $3.56

Child Care

The cost of child care can depend on how old your kids are and if you choose an at-home or classroom setting. According to CostofChildCare.org, the average cost per month in Florida is $989 per child for home-based family care, $1,364 for an infant classroom, $790 for a toddler classroom, and $702 for a preschool classroom.

Recommended: What Is the Average Salary in the US?

Which City in Florida Has the Lowest Cost of Living?

According to NewHomeSource, the Florida city with the lowest overall cost of living is Titusville, followed by Winter Haven, Lauderdale Lakes, Daytona Beach, Sanford, Largo, Lakeland, Deltona, Jacksonville, and Pinellas Park.

A few of those, as well as more affluent cities, have a sizable retiree population. Yes, Florida is a senior magnet. (See: Winter Haven.) By 2030, the number of seniors in Florida is expected to account for 25.5% of the population vs. 21% in 2020.

How Much Money Do You Need to Live Comfortably in Florida?

“Comfort” is a subjective term in any context, as we all have different wants and needs when it comes to our lifestyle.

If you plan to spend more time outside doing things that are inexpensive or free, you may find it’s easier to embrace financial minimalism by living in the Sunshine State.

If, on the other hand, you long to reside in one of Florida’s bigger cities or near the beach, you may have to ask for a bigger salary than you’d need in a less expensive location. That’s especially true if you’ll be living on a single income.

Either way, it may be useful to consider your priorities and whether your income will cover those costs. Can you be happy without owning a boat or being a member of a golf club? Do you tend to live below your means or overspend? Are annual passes to Disney a must?

The Takeaway

Florida can be an expensive place, mostly because the cost of renting or owning a home has gone up so much. But with a good salary — by one definition at least $69,000 for a single, childless person — and a solid spending plan, you can enjoy the laid-back Florida lifestyle.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

FAQ

What is a livable salary in Florida?

MIT’s Living Wage Calculator says a livable salary for a single person in Florida with no children is about $46,000 before taxes.

What job in Florida pays the most?

Cardiologists, ophthalmologists, and radiologists are among the highest earners in the state as of 2024.

Can you live on $30,000 a year in Florida?

You may find it challenging, especially when it comes to finding a place to live. But if you share a home and other expenses, find affordable health care, and budget carefully, $30,000 a year could be enough to live on in Florida.

Photo credit: iStock/Pgiam

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SORL-Q125-007

Investing in single-family homes is often a good way to build wealth and generate monthly cash flow.

Real estate has proven to be an economic bulwark when stocks and bonds experience downturns. Even in late 2024, with the average sales price of homes in the U.S. slightly down from its 2022 historic high, the average price is almost $100,000 above where it stood at the start of this decade, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, which tracks the data.

Single-family rental homes have lots of upsides for an investor, but there are also a few reasons to look before you leap.

What Is a Single-Family Home?

The popular image of a single-family home is a stand-alone, one-dwelling structure with its own utilities, entrance, exit, and access to the street. The owners own both the building and land it sits on, so condos do not count.

Some government agencies expand this definition to include properties of up to four units, such as duplexes, as well as townhouses.

Why Invest in Single-Family Homes?

Buying investment property offers two key benefits to long-term investors:

•   the potential for capital appreciation

•   immediate cash flow

Let’s walk through some of the key motivators for investing in single-family homes.

Financing

Single-family homes are typically easier to obtain financing for than multifamily homes of five or more units.

A multifamily property meeting that criterion requires a commercial loan, which usually has a higher interest rate and shorter term than a residential mortgage. (Note: SoFi does not offer commercial loans; it does provide loans for residential investment properties of four or fewer units.)

Lenders often require at least 20% down for an investment property. It could be higher, depending on the borrower’s credit score and savings. Then again, there are creative ways to buy a multifamily property with no money down.

Less Volatility

The market for single-family homes is relatively stable and tends to grow more smoothly over the long run compared with other types of homes.

Unlike commercial real estate and apartments, the demand for single-family homes tends to remain relatively strong at all stages of the economic cycle.

Steady Income

Single-family homes may be rented out for longer terms than apartments and usually sit vacant for less time thanks to the steady demand for single-family housing.

Some contend that single-family rentals feel more like proper homes for tenants and therefore are better cared for than apartments.

You’re also more likely to find more families renting single-family homes than individuals. Families may be more likely to extend the lease if they end up loving the neighborhood and schools, as in a coveted suburb.

Tangible Asset

Many people seek to diversify portfolios with different types of investments. Unlike stocks and bonds, which represent shares of ownership and rights to dividend payments from a company, real estate is a tangible asset.

The tangible factor gives you something physical to hold on to that’s unlikely to disintegrate over the long term. Stocks, bonds, and other intangible investments require the underlying company to remain a going concern.

Inflation Hedge

Inflation is the creeping impact of price increases, and when there are concentrated bouts of it over a short period of time, it can rapidly erode the purchasing power of your assets.

Housing has often been touted as an inflation hedge because it has historically held its real value during inflationary markets. This could be because of the following reasons:

1.    Most homebuyers lock in their purchase price through a mortgage.

2.    Rental agreements typically last one or two years, which allows homeowners to gradually raise rents to keep pace with inflation.

3.    Home values typically appreciate over the long run thanks to the intrinsic value of the house and land.

Return on Investment

Thanks to steady demand, single-family homes can match or even exceed the return on investment (ROI) of bigger multifamily properties, with lower volatility than stocks or bonds.

Potential ROI across different real estate properties can be compared using a capitalization rate (cap rate) calculation: net operating income divided by current market value.

Net operating income is your gross annual income from the property minus operating expenses (like repair costs, groundskeeping, property taxes, insurance, utilities not paid by tenants, and any property management fees). Home mortgage loan payments are not included in the net operating income formula.

Diversification

Single-family homes could be a good addition to a portfolio of stocks and bonds, but why does portfolio diversification matter anyway? Because by diversifying assets, you may offset a certain amount of risk and improve returns. When stocks or bonds fall, real estate prices can take much longer to follow.

Things to Know Before Investing in Single-Family Rentals

Because of the high acquisition cost of single-family homes, you’ll want to conduct proper due diligence on your local housing market and target property before you buy. As with all investments, be cautious when investing a significant portion of your cash in one place.

Your Numbers

While the projected rental income on a property looks attractive at a glance, bear in mind that maintenance costs and surprises should be factored in. Vacancy rates, legal issues with tenants, and unexpected repairs can sap your returns over time.

It’s smart to factor in a cash buffer to ensure that money is available on short notice.

Your Target Rental and Housing Market

While the rental income streams of New York and California offer much higher revenue potential, keep in mind that the costs of owning real estate in those areas is enormous as well.

Income is only one side of the rate of return calculation, so make sure you have a good handle on the expenses as well. You can only do that by thoroughly investigating your target housing market and relying on the home appraisal.

The local job market, its dominant industries, and the dependability and growth of local businesses also will shed light on how stable a given market will be over time. Good schools, safe cities, and proximity to workplaces and attractions matter to many renters.

If you’re looking to use the property as a short-term rental, check out the local ordinances, which may prohibit you from doing so.

The 1% and 50% Rules

The 1% rule is a back-of-the-envelope calculation to estimate whether your rental income strategy will be profitable. If the estimated rental income on the property is at least 1% of its purchase price, you should theoretically be able to generate cash flow. If your purchase price was $300,000, for example, the monthly rent should be at least $3,000, according to the rule.

The 50% rule states that you should expect the expenses on your real estate investment to make up approximately 50% of the gross income generated. That’ll give you a quick and dirty estimate to help you start ballparking your net returns.

Obviously, the exact numbers are more complicated. When you have time, you’ll want to run a full comparison of revenues vs. potential costs of your venture.

Your Strategy

This one’s a little more nuanced, as it depends on your goal amount, the time horizon, and your risk tolerance.

Are you looking to build a rental home empire or are you just looking for a little extra income to supplement your retirement?

Do you intend to tap home equity to buy one or more investment properties? Do you plan to flip or hold the home?

How to Invest in Single-Family Homes

If you’re confident that buying a single-family home is the right choice for you, there are a few ways you can invest:

Buy It Yourself

This is the most capital intensive and least liquid route. Buying a single-family home in the neighborhood of your choice will net you reward as well as the risk that comes with any property.

If you’re handy, you can buy a fixer-upper or a HUD home (bidding opens to investors after owner-occupants are given a chance) and renovate it into turnkey condition.

The expense of any contractors or property managers will need to be factored in.

Invest Through a Crowdfunding Platform

If you don’t have copious amounts of capital, you can still fund real estate investment projects through online crowdfunding platforms like Fundrise. These allow you to diffuse risk while taking part in more aggressive investments than you might have been willing to by yourself.

Keep in mind that you’ll need to share the benefits with all investors who partake in the process. Another shortcoming is that your funds may be tied up for an extended period of time, which varies by project.

Invest in a Real Estate Investment Trust

REITs are corporate entities that specialize in purchasing and financing pools of real estate investments on behalf of their clients. They sell shares that are publicly traded and can specialize in any number of sectors or strategies.

The big benefit of REITs is that they’re one of the most liquid real estate investments out there, as you can buy or sell your shares at almost any time on the open market. However, the market value of each share will fluctuate daily.

In the realm of investment opportunities, REITs often provide better returns than fixed-income assets like bonds, but REITs carry higher risk.

There are REITs that specialize in buying and operating single-family rentals. These REITs pay out a major portion of their cash earnings to shareholders.

The Takeaway

When done right, your single-family home investment can offer growth and income and diversify your portfolio. You can start with lower levels of capital by investing in REITs or crowdfunding platforms, but any gains will be diluted. It may be easier to obtain a mortgage for a one-family home, or a property that is four units or fewer, than for a larger multiunit property.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

Is renting out a single-family home worth it?

It can be. Appreciation and rental income have made single-family homes attractive to investors. Multifamily properties provide more rental income streams but also require more property and tenant management.

How do you value a single-family home rental?

There are a few ways. One is to look at recent comparable sales. Another is to calculate the capitalization rate (net operating income divided by property price or value). A third is to use the gross rent multiplier approach (property price divided by gross rental income).

How fast does the value of single-family homes appreciate?

It depends on the market. Lately, appreciation has decelerated. But the median sales price of a house in the last quarter of 2024 was still about $100,000 more than it was five years before.

Photo credit: iStock/Phynart Studio

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SOHL-Q125-022

Before signing your closing documents and walking away with the keys to your new home, it’s important to reexamine the final details of the mortgage. Your lender is required to provide this information ahead of closing in the form of a mortgage closing disclosure.

Paperwork fatigue aside, the closing disclosure deserves careful review, as it outlines the mortgage terms and conditions you’re agreeing to.

What Is a Closing Disclosure?

You may have weighed the different mortgage types and then homed in on one that suited you best.

Maybe you got mortgage preapproval before zeroing in on a property you couldn’t live without (for a while, at least). Now the deal is almost buttoned up.

Here comes the closing disclosure, a five-page form from your lender outlining the home mortgage loans terms, including the loan principal, interest rate, and estimated monthly payment. It also lays out how much money is owed for closing costs and the down payment.

Lenders are required by federal law to provide the mortgage closing disclosure at least three business days ahead of the closing date.

Recommended: Understanding Mortgage Basics

Why the Closing Disclosure Is Important

The mortgage closing disclosure contains all the final terms of your home loan, like how much you pay each month and over the life of the loan. You probably had many mortgage questions for your lender, but all the conditions of your loan, such as your ability to refinance or pay off the loan early, are detailed here.

These specifics can have a significant impact on your personal finances. Just one percentage point difference in the interest rate can cost you thousands in the long run.

When you receive the closing disclosure from your lender, this is a final chance to review the fine print and compare everything with the loan estimate, the three-page document with the loan amount, interest rate, and other key information provided by your lender after you applied for a mortgage.

You may have obtained multiple loan estimates when shopping for a mortgage, but you’ll only get a closing disclosure from the lender you chose to finance with.

Recommended: Mortgage Help Center

What’s in the Closing Disclosure?

Visual learners, rejoice: The U.S. government’s Consumer Financial Protection Bureau maintains a sample closing disclosure with an accompanying checklist and tips on how to read a closing disclosure.

Here’s a breakdown of the components in the closing disclosure.

Loan Terms

The terms include the loan amount, interest rate, and the monthly principal and interest you’ll pay. This section notes if the loan has a prepayment penalty for paying off the mortgage early (a rarity these days) or a balloon payment, a one-time fee due at the end of the loan (ditto).

The closing disclosure will note with a “yes” or “no” whether the amount for any of these items can increase after closing.

Projected Payments

This section shows the factors used for the payment calculation, including the principal and interest, any mortgage insurance, and estimated escrow to pay property taxes, homeowners insurance, and any flood insurance. These add up to estimated total monthly payment for the mortgage.

If you don’t use an escrow account, the bottom of this section will show the monthly costs for property taxes, homeowners insurance, and homeowners association (HOA) dues, if applicable.

Checking these numbers against the original loan estimate from your lender is good practice.

Costs at Closing

Top of mind for many borrowers is the amount of cash needed to close. Usually, you can expect closing costs to be 2% to 5% of the home purchase price.

This section identifies the “cash to close,” which represents the closing costs plus the down payment owed by the borrower.

Loan Costs

Flipping to Page 2, this section provides a summary of expenses associated with taking out the loan. The costs consist of the origination fee, application fee, underwriting fee, and mortgage points if you’ve chosen to purchase any.

Additional costs are categorized under “services borrower did not shop for” and “services borrower did shop for.” The former includes services arranged by the lender, like the appraisal fee, while the latter refers to services the borrower had a choice in procuring, such as the title search and pest inspection fee.

Other Costs

There are other costs that may be due at signing, such as taxes and government fees, prepaids, escrow payments, and HOA fees.

Ensure that each amount is accurate and correctly entered as either borrow-paid or seller-paid.

Calculating Cash to Close

The table in this section shows a side-by-side comparison between the loan estimate and final dollar amount needed to close.

The calculation will account for any deposits paid by the borrower and seller credits negotiated as part of the deal.

Summaries of Transactions

This section provides a detailed look at what the borrower and seller are paying at closing. Costs prepaid by the seller, such as property taxes and HOA fees, may be adjusted to show what portion is owed by the borrower.

Loan Disclosures

Your mortgage comes with conditions, which are outlined on Page 4 of the closing disclosure. You’ll see which apply based on the box that’s checked for each.

Loan Calculations

On the final page, there are loan calculations showing the total amount you’ll pay over the life of the loan, as well as the finance charge, amount financed, annual percentage rate, and total interest percentage.

If you’re just looking into home loans, a mortgage calculator can estimate your monthly payments and total interest paid over the loan term.

Other Disclosures

The lender must disclose other characteristics of the mortgage, if applicable. They include the appraisal, contract details, liability after foreclosure, ability to refinance, and tax deductions.

Contact Information

Refer to this section if you need to contact the lender, brokers, or settlement agent involved with your mortgage.

Confirm Receipt

Signing the mortgage closing disclosure indicates that you received the form, not that you agree to the terms and accept the loan.

What Is the Three-Day Waiting Period?

As of 2015, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s “Know Before You Owe” mortgage rule requires lenders to provide the mortgage closing disclosure at least three business days before closing.

This aims to give borrowers plenty of time to review the final loan terms, ask their lender any clarifying questions, and prevent unexpected costs at closing.

There are a few scenarios that could change the closing disclosure timeline. Your lender must provide another closing disclosure, thus granting three more days, if one of the following issues occurs:

•  A change in the loan APR (one-eighth of a percentage point or more for a fixed-rate loan or one-quarter of a percentage point for an adjustable-rate mortgage)

•  Addition of a prepayment penalty

•  A change in the loan product

How to Check Your Closing Disclosure

All five pages of the closing disclosure contain key information for the borrower to review. It may be helpful to go line by line with your loan estimate in hand to compare the final terms against what the lender previously provided.

Here are a few important items to pay attention to:

•  Review your name and the property information.

•  Check that the loan description and amount match the loan estimate.

•  Make sure that the interest rate is unchanged if you locked it.

•  Ensure you understand all the fees and any changes to them.

What Can and Can’t Change on the Closing Disclosure

There are some costs that can’t be changed on the closing disclosure, while others may increase by a certain percentage or by any amount.

Unless there’s a change in circumstances on the loan, changes can’t be made to the following:

•  Transfer taxes

•  Fees paid to the lender for a required service

•  Fees paid for a required service that the borrower wasn’t allowed to shop separately for

Recording fees and costs for required services from a lender’s written list of providers may not increase by more than 10%.

There are other costs that can change by any amount at any time, including:

•  Prepaid interest, property insurance premiums, or initial escrow deposits

•  Fees for required services by the lender that the borrower shopped separately for

•  Fees for optional third-party services

•  Note that your interest rate can fluctuate if it’s not locked or due to changes on your mortgage application.

What to Do if There’s an Error on the Closing Disclosure

It’s important to notify your lender or settlement agent of any errors on the closing disclosure.

Redoing the closing disclosure could delay the closing and affect your interest rate if your mortgage rate lock expires.

The Takeaway

The mortgage closing disclosure gives a detailed overview of your loan terms and closing costs. Review it promptly with your loan estimate at hand. If you’re uncertain of any information, reach out to your lender to go over the closing disclosure as soon as possible.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

Does a closing disclosure mean I’m approved?

The loan is approved before you receive the closing disclosure, but a significant change to your credit, income, or debt before closing could affect your approval.

Can you waive the three-day closing disclosure?

You can waive the three-day closing disclosure in the case of a personal financial emergency, such as losing the home if the mortgage doesn’t close in time.

How long after the closing disclosure do you close?

You can close three business days at the earliest after receiving the closing disclosure. Errors on the closing disclosure could delay the process.

Can you be denied after the closing disclosure?

Yes. A dramatic change in your personal finances could cause a lender to reject your mortgage. It’s a good idea to try to avoid changing jobs or taking on new debt near the end zone.

Photo credit: iStock/Khosrork

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SOHL-Q125-025