SoFi

A first-time homebuyer isn’t only someone purchasing a first home. It can be anyone who has not owned a principal residence in the past three years, some single parents, a spouse who has not owned a home, and more.

If the thought of a down payment and closing costs sends a chill down your spine, realize that first-time homebuyers often have access to special grants, loans, and programs.

“First-Time Homebuyer” Under the Microscope

To get a sense of who qualifies for a mortgage as a first-time homebuyer, let’s take a look at the government’s definition.

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) says first-time buyers meet any of these criteria:

•   An individual who has not held ownership in a principal residence during the three-year period ending on the date of the purchase.

•   A single parent who has only owned a home with a former spouse.

•   An individual who is a displaced homemaker (has worked only in the home for a substantial number of years providing unpaid household services for family members) and has only owned a home with a spouse.

•   Both spouses if one spouse is or was a homeowner but the other has not owned a home.

•   A person who has only owned a principal residence that was not permanently attached to a foundation (such as a mobile home when the wheels are in place).

•   An individual who has owned a property that is not in compliance with state, local, or model building codes and that cannot be brought into compliance for less than the cost of constructing a permanent structure.

For conventional (nongovernment) financing through private lenders, Fannie Mae’s criteria are similar.

Recommended: The Complete First-Time Homebuyer Guide

Options for First-Time Homebuyers

First-time homebuyers may not realize that they, like other buyers, may qualify to buy a home with much less than 20% down.

They also have access to first-time homebuyer programs that may ease the credit requirements of homeownership.

Federal Government-Backed Mortgages

When the federal government insures mortgages, the loans pose less of a risk to lenders. This means lenders may offer you a lower interest rate.

There are three government-backed home loan options: FHA loans, USDA loans, and VA loans. In exchange for a low down payment, you’ll pay an upfront and annual mortgage insurance premium for FHA loans, an upfront guarantee fee and annual fee for USDA loans, or a one-time funding fee for VA loans.

Note: SoFi does not offer USDA loans at this time. However, SoFi does offer FHA, VA, and conventional loan options.

FHA Loans

The Federal Housing Administration, part of HUD, insures fixed-rate mortgages issued by approved lenders. On average, more than 80% of FHA-insured mortgages are for first-time homebuyers each year.

If you have a FICO® credit score of 580 or higher, you could get an FHA loan with just 3.5% down. If you have a score between 500 and 579, you may still qualify for a loan with 10% down.

USDA Loans

The U.S. Department of Agriculture offers assistance to buy (or, in some cases, even build) a home in certain rural areas. Your income has to be within a certain percentage of the average median income for the area.

If you qualify, the loan requires no down payment and offers a fixed interest rate.

VA Loans

A mortgage guaranteed in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs requires no down payment and is available for military members, veterans, and certain surviving military spouses.

Although a VA loan does not state a minimum credit score, lenders who make the loan will set their minimum score for the product based on their risk tolerance.

💡 Quick Tip: When house hunting, don’t forget to lock in your home mortgage loan rate so there are no surprises if your offer is accepted.

Government-Backed Conventional Mortgages

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, government-backed mortgage companies, do not originate home loans. Instead, they buy and guarantee mortgages issued through lenders in the secondary mortgage market.

They make mortgages available that are geared toward lower-income, lower-credit score borrowers.

Freddie Mac’s Home Possible program offers down payment options as low as 3%. There are also sweat equity down payment options and flexible terms.

Fannie Mae’s 97% LTV (loan-to-value) program also offers 3% down payment loans.

A Mortgage for Certain Civil Servants

If you’re a law enforcement officer, firefighter, or EMT working for a federal, state, local, or Indian tribal government agency, or a teacher at a public or private school, the HUD-backed Good Neighbor Next Door Program could be a good fit. It provides 50% off the listing price of a foreclosed home in specific revitalization areas. In turn, you have to commit to living there for 36 months.

Homes are listed on the HUD website each week, and you have to put an offer in within seven days. Only a registered HUD broker can submit a bid for you on a property.

If you’re using an FHA loan to buy a home in the Good Neighbor Next Door Program, the down payment will be $100. If using a VA loan to purchase a house through the program, buyers will receive 100% financing. If using a conventional home loan, the usual down payment requirements stay the same.

State, County, and City Assistance

It isn’t just the federal government that helps to get first-time buyers into homes. State, county, and city governments and nonprofit organizations run many down payment assistance programs.

HUD is the gatekeeper, steering buyers to state and local programs and offering advice from HUD home assistance counselors.

The National Council of State Housing Agencies has a state-by-state list of housing finance agencies, which cater to low- and middle-income households. Contact the agency to learn about the programs it offers and to get answers to housing finance questions.


💡 Quick Tip: Jumbo mortgage loans are the answer for borrowers who need to borrow more than the conforming loan limit values set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency ($832,750 in most places, and up to $1,249,125 in high-cost areas). If you have your eye on a pricier property, a jumbo loan could be a good solution.

Using Gift Money

First-time homebuyers might also want to think about seeking down payment and closing cost help from family members.

If you’re using a cash gift, your lender will want a formal gift letter, and the gift cannot be a loan. Home loans backed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac only allow down payment gifts from someone related to the borrower. Government-backed loans have looser requirements.

Want to use your 401(k) to make a down payment? You could, but financial advisors frown on the idea. Borrowing from your 401(k) can do damage to your retirement savings.

The Takeaway

First-time homebuyers may still be in good shape even if they don’t have much of a down payment or their credit isn’t stellar. Lots of programs, from local to federal, give first-time homeowners a break.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% - 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It's online, with access to one-on-one help.

FAQ

Can you be considered a first-time homebuyer twice?

Yes, there are multiple scenarios in which you can be considered a first-time homebuyer. When you’re buying your first home is one, of course, but others include if you or your partner has not owned a home for three years prior to your closing, if you are a displaced homemaker who previously owned a home with your spouse, or if you are a single parent who previously owned owned a home with your ex.

What credit score is needed for a first-time homebuyer?

For a conventional loan, a first-time homebuyer will typically need a credit score of 620 or more. However, many homebuyers may be eligible for government-backed loans potentially available to people with lower scores, like FHA loans, VA loans, and USDA loans.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOHL-Q225-045

New countertops and installation typically costs a couple to several thousand dollars, and this home improvement can give your home a new look and enhance property value. One of the biggest choices you’ll make when renovating your kitchen is what material to use for your countertops. Whether you go for a contemporary look with solid surface areas or opt for a French country feel with marble, the material you choose will depend largely on your kitchen style, needs, and budget.

Before you settle on a certain product for your kitchen, though, consider the cost of countertops and installation by material.

Countertop Materials and What They Cost

Depending on your kitchen style, the countertop materials you choose will set the tone for the overall look of the space. There are variables in pricing based on where you live, market prices, and the materials you choose. Here’s a look at some pros and cons of commonly used materials and estimates of what kitchen countertops cost.

Granite

Granite countertops have long been a go-to material in kitchens due to style, quality, and durability. But it’s also pricey, so if it’s your material of choice, you’ll need to budget accordingly. That said, there are a number of benefits to using granite that may warrant paying the price.

Granite is a hard stone and extremely durable. It’s both difficult to scratch and heat-resistant, so you can move hot pans directly from the stove to the counter.

And while it can stain, granite is less porous than other materials. This means errant marks and spills are less likely to permanently mar your countertops. In fact, the polish that the installer puts onto the granite burnishes the stone against all but the most extreme abuse.

Estimated cost of granite countertops: $40 to $100 per square foot, with an average cost in 2025 of $3,250, according to Angi

Recommended: How to Find a Contractor for Home Renovations & Remodeling

Quartz

Contrary to how it may sound, quartz countertops are not a natural stone. Rather, they’re man-made from quartz particles that are held together with resin. Quartz is one of the hardest minerals on earth, so the resulting material is also extremely durable.

Because quartz countertops are engineered, they can come in many different designs, from bright solid colors to patterns that mimic natural stone. They also come in an array of textures, from glassy smooth to matte to stone finishes.

Quartz countertops are not porous due to the resin that binds them together, so they are also stain-resistant and never need to be sealed.

Estimated cost of quartz countertops: $50 to $200 per square foot, with an average cost in 2025 of $4,500, according to Angi

Laminate

Laminate is one of the cheaper countertop materials, making it a common kitchen choice, especially for homeowners on a budget. Laminate is made from layers of plastic that are glued to a base such as a particleboard. These countertops come in a variety of colors, patterns, and surface textures. In recent years, it’s been growing in popularity again, according to Formica, a major manufacturer of this material.

Laminate is much lighter in weight and lower in density than stone countertops, and it tends to be easier to cut, shape and install. This makes it a popular material for DIYers who plan on installing countertops on their own.

However, it’s worth noting that laminate countertops do not stand up to heat as well as stone, and they tend to scratch more easily. And since they’re not as durable as other materials like granite or marble, they’ll likely need to be replaced more frequently.

Estimated cost of laminate countertops: $10 to $55 per square foot, with an average cost of $1,244 currently, according to Angi

Solid Surface

Solid surface countertops are made in a similar manner to quartz counters. You may recognize such names as Corian when considering this material. However, these countertops use acrylic particles bound with resin instead of stone. As another engineered product, they come in a variety of colors and patterns, including those that mimic stone.

Solid surface is non-porous, so it tends to be stain-resistant, and scratches can usually be sanded and polished off the surface. As an acrylic, it doesn’t hold up well to heat. Manufacturers warn against putting, say, a hot pot down directly on this surface..

Estimated cost of solid surface counters: $20 to $80 per square foot, according to Angi, with a total bill of $3,000

Wood

The price of wood countertops can vary widely by the type and thickness of wood. Exotic woods can cost a pretty penny, but counters made from cheaper types such as birch tend to cost only a bit more than budget options like laminate. Wood countertops are often made of butcher block, which comprises pieces of wood with their edge grain-up, glued together to form a hard, continuous surface.

As a material, wood is relatively soft, so it may get banged up a bit. However, scratches can be sanded out and the surface restored. Wood or varnish may also burn when hot pans are placed atop it. Skilled DIY home renovators can install wood counters themselves, which can help control costs.

Estimated cost of wood countertops: $18 to $38 per square foot or more, with a total of $3,750

Tile

Tile countertop is another material whose cost can vary dramatically. On the cheaper end, ceramic tiles can cost as little as a couple dollars per square foot, while a marble tile might cost many multiples of that (as much as $100 or more per square foot). Depending on the tile you choose, where it’s from, and how it’s made, the price per square foot can rise considerably.

Tile materials, which can range from ceramic to glass to stone, tend to be durable and both heat- and scratch-resistant. That said, tile countertops could chip if something heavy is dropped on them.

Tiles can be easy to install yourself; however, if you don’t have a lot of experience setting tiles, mixing grout and finishing the seams, you could end up with an uneven surface.

Estimated cost of tile countertops: $1 to $120 per square foot, with an average cost currently of $2,250

Marble

Marble has a long history as an important art material and is commonly used as a design statement in upscale or trendy restaurants and bars. With a price similar to granite, marble is an elegant choice for home countertops.

The material is heat-resistant, meaning you can put hot pots and pans right on it. And if you’re a baker, you may be drawn to marble for its use as a surface to make pastries on, as it is prone to staying cool in the summer months.

Marble is relatively durable, though it’s softer and more porous than granite. This makes marble countertops more susceptible to scratches and stains, particularly from acidic foods like fruit and wine, which can interact with the stone’s chemical makeup and leave marks. You can seal the stone to help prevent some of these issues, but you’ll need to repeat the process regularly. Also, marble is heavy, so it may be difficult for a homeowner to install on their own.

Estimated cost of marble countertops: $12 to $180 per square foot, with the average cost in 2025 being $3,000

Stainless Steel

Long used as a countertop of choice in commercial kitchens, stainless steel is popular for counters in residential homes, too.

Metal countertops made have a lot of advantages. They are easy to clean, and they don’t burn, rust, or stain. They are usually recyclable should you ever change your mind and remodel your kitchen again.

There are some disadvantages to the materials, though. Metal countertops can be loud (think pots and pans clattering against metal). And though durable, the material does have a tendency to scratch or dent. The thicker the stainless steel, the less likely it is to be damaged. The gauge (or thickness) will also affect the material price.

Estimated cost of stainless steel countertops: $70 to $225 per square foot, with an average cost of $4,500, according to Angi’s 2025 data

Cost of Countertop Installation

The cost of new countertop materials isn’t the only expense associated with upgrading your kitchen counters. There’s also the cost to install the countertops, which will typically vary by material and square footage.

For example, having laminate professionally installed can add about $10 per square foot to the price of the countertops, whereas professional installation of quartz countertops can add $60 or more per square foot. Installation alone can cost thousands, depending on the material and project specifications.

Installing countertops yourself is a great way to reduce costs, but it can be challenging depending on the material. You’ll also need to consider what types of modifications to the materials are needed. Cutting a hole in a granite countertop for a sink, for example, can add to the overall cost and in many cases requires the use of specialized tools with diamond-tipped bits.

One way to control the costs of kitchen countertops is to mix materials. If you have your heart set on a granite countertop, for instance, consider using granite for a small portion of the kitchen — such as a prominent feature like the island — and a cheaper material like tile for the larger counter spaces.

Recommended: How Much Does It Cost to Remodel or Renovate a House?

Financing Your Kitchen Countertops

As soon as you decide what kind of countertop material to use — and you consider the average cost of a kitchen remodel — then you’ll likely want to think about how to pay for the work.

If you need to finance the project, it can make sense to explore an unsecured home improvement loan to help you get the work done. Because this is a kind of personal loan, you don’t need to have home equity nor do you need to use your home as collateral.

That said, there are pros and cons to personal loans. Be sure you understand all your options so you can find what best suits your financial and personal needs.

Recommended: How to Apply for a Personal Loan

The Takeaway

New countertops can enhance your home’s look and value, whether you opt for marble, tile, or another material. However, you can expect to pay at least a couple of thousand dollars for this kind of project and considerably more if you opt for a luxurious material, like marble, or if large surfaces are involved. To finance new countertops, you might consider a personal loan.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.

FAQ

How much should I budget for new kitchen countertops?

How much to budget will depend on such factors as the size of the kitchen, the material you want to use for countertops, and the local market’s pricing. Prices could be as low as under $2,000 to many multiples of that.

Which is cheaper, granite or quartz?

In general, quartz is usually thought to be cheaper than granite when it comes to countertops. However, the latest data from Angi shows them in a virtual tie, with costs between $50 and $100 per square foot being common.

What’s the best countertop for your money?

Which countertop is best for your money depends on variables such as the size of your kitchen, color and care preferences, and other factors. Many people think quartz, which won’t get etched the way some popular stones can, is a great buy, having natural beauty and durability.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOPL-Q225-044

Your driveway likely does a good enough job of allowing cars to park close to your home. But this space, when well tended, can also offer recreation space for children and pets, increase property values, and enhance curb appeal. By resurfacing, landscaping, or otherwise upgrading yours, you can make this part of your home shine and work harder for you and your family.

Both building and maintaining a driveway are projects that could benefit from financial planning and weighing options for materials, location, and design. Here’s a breakdown of key driveway ideas to help make your home improvement dream a reality.

1. Choosing a New Surface

Figuring out what material to use is a logical starting point when approaching new driveway ideas.

The chosen surface will affect the project’s cost in terms of the material itself, labor to install it, and how it will be maintained for years to come. The local climate is another factor to consider, as it plays into the durability and drainage of certain surface materials.

Let’s take a closer look at the pros, cons, and considerations for some popular driveway surfaces, including what to budget for.

Asphalt

Asphalt is a leading material used for roads and driveways alike for several reasons. The smooth finish to asphalt can present a polished look that is also easy to clean. At the same time, it offers good traction for vehicles, which is a big plus for sloped driveways in particular.

Asphalt comes with some downsides, too. The leading concerns stem from frequency and cost of long-term maintenance, as resurfacing is recommended every two years. Runoff is another potential issue, but adding drainage and landscaping to capture water can help remedy the environmental impact.

The local climate can play a role in picking a material, too. Generally, asphalt is better than other surfaces in colder climates. Specifically, it is advantageous for snow plowing and handling freezing temperatures and ice. Think of it as a way of winterizing your property.

On average, asphalt driveways cost from $7 to $13 per square foot, with an average price of $5,248 in 2025, according to Angi, the home improvement site. Much of the price can be attributed to the labor and heavy machinery required.

Concrete

Given its prevalent use in public sidewalks, it may come as no surprise that concrete is also a popular material for driveways.

On the positive side, concrete driveways can be installed quickly, offer good traction, and may last for several decades with proper maintenance, such as annual resealing to prevent cracks. Concrete is also well suited for warmer climates because it doesn’t hold heat as long as asphalt.

Conversely, concrete is not the cheapest material and can be prone to runoff, which is a concern for homeowners in regions with heavy precipitation.

Concrete driveways may range from $8 to $20 per square foot, with an average cost of $6,400, according to Angi. Factors that may increase costs include removing an existing driveway or adding reinforcement, which may be necessary if heavy vehicles like RVs are present.

Concrete requires less machinery and is safer to work with than asphalt, so construction-savvy homeowners with smaller driveways may opt to install the component concrete slabs themselves to see further savings.

If concrete doesn’t sound like the ideal aesthetic, there are options to customize a driveway to your liking. Spruce-ups include using stained or tinted concrete, adding a decorative stone border, and integrating a patchwork of unpaved greenery, which can also help with drainage.

Recommended: Home Renovation and Remodeling Cost Calculator

Gravel

Gravel may vary in composition and rock type, but generally speaking, it can be thought of as a mixture of loose stone. It is a common material used in pathways and playgrounds but can be applied to driveways as well.

Of all the surface options, gravel is typically the cheapest and most DIY-friendly. The cost varies by the need to clear land and type of stone, but the expected price is roughly $1.25 to $1.80 per square foot, with an average cost of $1,800 in 2025, provided the project doesn’t involve major excavation.

Though gravel driveways can require some topping up and reconfiguration as stones move around, it is incredibly durable and does not need costly maintenance.

Gravel may be well suited for a rustic aesthetic in rural areas, but it may be less appropriate or feasible in more urban areas and housing developments. Furthermore, gravel may not lend itself to shoveling and plowing snow from the driveway without clearing away stone.

To determine the total gravel needed, a general rule of thumb is to have at least 4 inches of coverage, though more may be necessary for extra drainage.

Stone and Brick

Stone and brick have been used for roads and as building materials for centuries.

Using stone and brick for a driveway can create a historic and refined appearance and raise the property value. Also, the ability to integrate patterns, design elements, and colors into the stone or brickwork can complement the design of a home more than other materials might.

Beyond the visual appeal, the materials can endure for decades, and maintenance can be done one stone or brick at a time instead of resealing or paving the entire surface.

The primary drawback of stone or brick driveways is cost of materials and installation. Depending on the quality of stone or brick, expect to pay between $10 and $50 per square foot, with an average cost of $12,000 for a 20-foot-long, two-car driveway in 2025, according to Angi. Higher-end stones can fetch a significantly heftier price tag.

Permeable Pavement

Recent advances in engineering have made permeable paved surfaces an affordable reality for parking lots, roadways, and driveways.

Permeable pavement can come in several forms, including porous asphalt and pervious concrete. The pores drain water to the stone bed below, helping the water filter toxins naturally instead of running off to pollute waterways via storm drains.

The majority of benefits of asphalt and concrete apply, but permeable pavement can be slightly more expensive to install and needs to be vacuumed with professional-grade equipment every one or two years to remove debris and sediment from the pores. Often, permeable-pavement companies offer vacuuming and inspection services after installation.

In addition to the environmental benefits, homeowners may be eligible for tax rebates and other financial incentives from their local government for pursuing the greener option.

For instance, Palo Alto, California, has a rebate of $1.50 per square foot of permeable pavement installed.

Recommended: 7 Important Factors That Affect Property Value

2. Landscaping

Whether updating a driveway or building a new one, driveway ideas extend beyond the surface itself. Landscaping can be tied in with the project to beautify the space and reduce runoff.

Depending on how ambitious the project is, you may be able to handle part or all of the landscaping yourself. While this is an opportunity to have fun and be creative, maintenance is another important consideration.

For example, choosing perennial plants that regenerate each year and shrubs that will not quickly outgrow the space could add color and greenery without putting hedge trimming and spring planting on your to-do list.

Planting perennial species that develop deep root systems, such as black-eyed Susan and bee balm, can increase the garden’s ability to hold water and prevent flooding. This could also mitigate one of the most common home repair costs — foundation repair. In some cases, those repairs could cost an average of $5,000 or considerably more.

3. Adding Lighting

Changing up the lighting in and around the driveway area can create a more stylized setting, as well as enhance safety and functionality for entering and leaving the home.

When choosing the type of lighting, you may want to consider the upfront cost of the unit and operational expenses of electricity and replacement. LED lights are a sustainable and cost-effective driveway idea for the long run, thanks to greater efficiency and a longer lifespan.

Installing a combination of accent and overhead lighting allows the option to adjust the setting with the flip of a switch. Syncing the lighting with either motion sensors or timers can lower the electric bill and reduce light pollution to keep the neighbors happy.

4. Building a Gate

Topping off a driveway improvement with a gate is another way to highlight a home’s curb appeal and improve safety.

Gates may provide peace of mind by giving control of who enters the home. They can also help ensure that children and pets have a safe area to play in without worry of them venturing into the street.

Convenience and safety can also be added by prominently featuring the house number on the gate or pillar structure, which may help visitors and emergency services find the home more easily.

Spatial considerations, such as distance to the road, driveway width, and landscaping, will influence whether a sliding or swinging gate or vertical lift gate makes the most sense. Most people adjust quickly to having the extra step of waiting for the gate to open and close. The typical cost in 2025 for a driveway gate installation is $3,160; the gate itself will be extra, with the financing needed varying with material, design, and local pricing.

5. Maintaining the Driveway

A driveway is an investment, and taking proper care can help retain its value and reduce maintenance costs over time.

Depending on the type of driveway, here are some general measures to stay on top of upkeep:

•   Seal the driveway as recommended to prevent cracks.

•   Remove weeds from cracks in the surface.

•   Clean and fill cracks.

•   Fill in pothole depressions caused by heavy vehicles.

For colder climates, taking care of ice is important for personal safety and driveway maintenance alike. Removing snow promptly and spreading sand, salt, or a de-icing agent helps with traction and prevents ice from forming in driveway cracks.

Checking Local Permitting and Zoning

Local governments and homeowner associations (HOA) may have zoning and permitting guidelines that dictate where a driveway can be placed and what it can look like.

A zoning requirement could specify that a driveway must be at least 5 feet from the property line or that an expansion of an existing driveway requires zoning board approval.

HOA rules can be stricter and more specific. They might govern the type of surface material, adjacent landscaping, and ability to install a gate.

Checking that your desired improvements comply with such regulation could save time, money, and frustration.

Paying for Driveway Improvements

Deciding how to pay for driveway improvements is another important step. Like most home repairs, fixing the driveway could become more expensive as the problem gets worse.

Unexpected repair costs can do a number on a monthly budget. In fact, almost six in 10 Americans wouldn’t be able to pay a $1,000 surprise expense from their savings, as of 2025, and would have to borrow that money instead.

If you fall into this category, you still have options. Instead of depleting your savings account or pushing it off for future credit card payments, personal loans could spare you the high interest rates.

For revamping or building a driveway, a home improvement loan is another option to consider. This is a personal loan designed for this kind of expense, and the interest rates for a personal loan are typically less than for, say, credit cards. These loans can be for a few thousand dollars or up to $50,000 or $100,000 and are usually for terms of two to seven years.

Recommended: Typical Personal Loan Requirements

The Takeaway

A driveway can be more than just a utilitarian area of your home. By keeping it in top condition and upgrading it, you can help build your property value, add curb appeal, and enhance this area of your home. Improving your driveway can often cost in the thousands of dollars, and a personal loan can be a good way to fund this expense.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.

FAQ

What is the cheapest way to redo a driveway?

Gravel is usually the cheapest way to redo a driveway, with an average cost of $1,800 as of 2025.

How much can it cost to repair a driveway?

The price of repairing a driveway depends on the cost of living in your area, which materials you use (say, gravel vs. brick), and how complicated the job is. A simple gravel driveway can cost less than $2,000 but one that’s been set with top-notch pavers or bricks arranged in a pattern could cost tens of thousands.

What are good ways to improve a driveway?

Some ideas for improving a driveway are to resurface it, add landscaping and/or lighting, and install a gate.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOPL-Q225-047

The term “accessory dwelling unit” describes a secondary dwelling unit on the same lot as a primary single-family home. It is sometimes called an in-law suite, granny flat, or, more romantically, carriage house. Barndominium is a relatively new term for this kind of dwelling.

As zoning laws across the country have changed to allow ADUs, the trend has boomed, especially along with population growth in the South and the West. Read on to learn more about why ADUs are popular and are what it takes to build one.

ADU Meaning Explained

An ADU goes by many names, but its features make it unique among types of dwellings.

•   ADUs are smaller than the primary residence they accompany. In California, which passed statewide laws making many city restrictions on ADUs obsolete and streamlining the approval process, the size generally ranges from 500 to 1,000 square feet.

•   ADUs are self-contained. They usually include a bathroom, kitchenette, living area, and separate entrance.

•   ADUs require a special permit, which varies by location, according to the American Planning Association. Building codes may limit the size of the ADU and the number of occupants. Some cities, however, are offering an ADU amnesty program to help legalize under-the-radar units.

•   Unlike a duplex, ADUs usually share utility connections with the primary residence.

Recommended: A Guide to Buying a Duplex

What Are the Different Types of ADUs?

All ADUs have to follow ordinances and laws, but they don’t all look the same. Depending on homeowner preference, it might look like one of the following:

•   Detached This is likely new construction, formal or informal.

•   Converted garage This might mean retrofitting the garage or adding a second floor to create an ADU.

•   Attached Typically this is an addition to the existing residence.

•   Interior conversion An existing portion of the house, perhaps the basement, is transformed into an ADU. Fans of Full/Fuller House might recall the Tanners’ attic conversion and the basement/garage living space.

Benefits of an ADU

For the right homeowner, an ADU has upsides.

•   Rental income Choosing to rent out the space could bring in income, whether with a long-term rental or short-term Airbnb.

•   A true mother-in-law suite or adult-child dwelling For multi-generational families, adding an ADU could be a good way to create privacy and be close … but not too close. An ADU can also house an adult child who returns to the nest.

•   A space to age in place Conversely, aging homeowners or empty-nesters might choose to build an ADU for themselves. The homeowners could move into the smaller, more manageable space and rent out the larger property for passive income.

•   Flexibility An ADU could become a home office or art studio. For some homeowners, it might just be a good place to host guests.

•   Enhanced property value Compare the cost of buying a second small home or condo in your area with the cost of adding an ADU. How much value will a permitted habitable accessory dwelling add? A property appraisal will answer that question.

Recommended: A Guide to Unsecured Personal Loans

Drawbacks of an ADU

ADUs may also come with their fair share of potential downsides.

•   Can be expensive A detached ADU may cost as much as a small house to build (though the homeowner already owns the land). The home improvement site Angi says that currently, it costs an average of $180,000 to add an ADU. An attached ADU or conversion of an existing structure will probably cost less, but still may cause sticker shock. Size, features, and the cost of professional services, permits, and any financing come into play.

•   Occupancy requirements Some local ordinances require that a home that has an ADU be owner-occupied in some capacity. That means a property with an ADU may not be the right fit for someone who wants to rent out the entire property.

•   Higher taxes On one hand, adding value to your property is a good thing. On the other hand, an ADU can make a property tax bill spike.

•   A smaller yard Unless a homeowner is retrofitting an ADU into their existing dwelling, building an ADU will cut down on outdoor space.

•   Financing Can be tricky. Learn more below.

Recommended: 8 Steps to Buying a Vacation Home

Ways to Pay for an ADU

While ADUs have different shapes and designs, they have a commonality: a price tag. If homeowners don’t have cash on hand to finance the build, they’ve got a few options to move forward.

A home improvement loan is a personal loan used to pay for a home renovation or update. When a homeowner takes out a home improvement loan, it’s not secured by the property — meaning the home isn’t collateral in the transaction.

A home equity loan or home equity line of credit (HELOC) leverages homeowners’ equity in a property and allows them to borrow money against the value of the home. Unlike a home improvement loan, a home equity loan or credit line is tied to the house, meaning the property is used as collateral. A home equity loan provides you with a lump sum of funds at one time and typically has a fixed interest rate. With a HELOC, homeowners can draw different amounts at different times, typically with a variable interest rate.

With sufficient equity in your home, homeowners could also consider a cash-out refinance. This replaces your current mortgage with a larger one, paying off the original loan and giving you additional cash, drawn against your equity.

Recommended: How to Apply for a Personal Loan

The Takeaway

Determining if an accessory dwelling unit is the right move for a homeowner comes down to needs, preferences, and finances. ADUs have pros and cons, but many areas have eased the way for this cottage industry. The average cost of $180,000 for a newly installed ADU can require financing. Homeowners who don’t have much equity in their property or don’t want to use their home as collateral may want to consider a personal loan to cover ADU costs.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. See your rate in minutes.

FAQ

What does ADU mean?

ADU stands for accessory dwelling unit, and it can refer to an additional dwelling on a lot that already has a single-family property on it.

How much do ADUs cost?

The cost of an ADU can vary tremendously depending on the size, location, style, and other factors (attached or freestanding) of the dwelling. Angi reports a current average price of $180,000.

How can an ADU be used?

Depending on your needs and local zoning, you could have a parent or adult child live in an ADU, you could rent it out, you could have guests stay there, or you could use it for a studio or home office, among other purposes.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SOPL-Q225-046

Maybe you’ve considered refinancing your mortgage, but haven’t quite decided. Is now the right time? Will rates go lower?

It can be hard to know when to take the plunge.

Whether you purchased a home recently or bought a home years ago, you probably know the average mortgage rates now are high compared to the near-historic lows in early 2021.

But as with any financial rate or data point, it is hard – if not impossible – to time the market or predict the future.

Homeowners often look to refinance when it could benefit them in some way, like with a lower monthly payment. Refinancing is the process of paying off a mortgage with new financing, ideally at a lower rate or with some other, more favorable, set of terms.

Here are seven signs that locking in a new mortgage could be the right move.

7 Signs It May Be Smart to Refinance Your Mortgage

You Can Break Even in Two Years or Less

Refinancing a mortgage costs money — generally 2% to 5% of the principal amount. So if you are refinancing to save money, you’ll likely want to run numbers to be sure the math checks out.

To calculate the break-even point on a mortgage refinance — when savings exceed costs — do this:

1.    Determine your monthly savings by subtracting your projected new monthly mortgage payment from your current monthly payment.

2.   Find your tax rate (e.g., 22%) and subtract it from 1 to get the after-tax percentage of the savings.

3.   Multiply monthly savings by the after-tax percentage. This is your after-tax savings.

4.   Take the total fees and closing costs of the new mortgage loan and divide that number by your monthly after-tax savings. This yields the number of months it will take to recover the costs of refinancing — or the break-even point.

For example, if you’re refinancing a $300,000, 30-year mortgage that has a fixed 7.50% rate to a 6.50% rate, refinancing will reduce your original monthly payment from $2,098 to $1,896 – a monthly savings of $202. Assuming a tax rate of 22%, the after-tax percentage would be 0.78, which results in an after-tax savings of $157.56. If you have $12,000 in refinancing costs, it will take about 76 months to recoup the costs of refinancing ($12,000 / $157.56 = 76.2).

The length of time you intend to own the home can affect whether refinancing is worth the expense. You’ll want to run the calculations to make sure that you can break even on a timeline that works for you. But two years is a general rule of thumb.

The rate and fees usually work in tandem. The lower the rate, the higher the cost. (“Buying down the rate” means paying an extra fee in the form of discount points. One point costs 1% of the mortgage amount and lowers your interest rate by 0.25%.)

If you’re shopping, each mortgage lender you apply with is required to give you a loan estimate within three days of your application, so you can compare terms and annual percentage rates. The APR, which includes the interest rate, points, and lender fees, reflects the true cost of borrowing.

2. You Can Reduce the Rate by at Least 0.50%

You may have heard conflicting ideas about when you should consider refinancing. The reason is that there is no one-size-fits-all answer; individual loan scenarios and goals differ.

One commonly cited rule of thumb is that the home refinance rate should be a minimum of two percentage points lower than an existing mortgage’s rate. What may work for each individual depends on things like loan amount, interest rate, fees, and more.

However, the combination of larger mortgages and lenders offering lower closing cost options has changed that. For a large mortgage, even a change of 0.50% could result in significant savings, especially if the homeowner can avoid or minimize lender fees.

If rates drop low enough, you might even choose to take a higher rate with a no closing cost refi.

Recommended: Guide to Buying, Selling, and Updating Your Home

3. You Can Afford to Refinance to a 15-Year Mortgage

When you refinance a loan, you are getting an entirely new loan with new terms. Depending on your eligibility, it is possible to adjust aspects of your loan beyond the interest rate, such as the loan’s term or the type of loan (fixed vs. adjustable).

If you’re looking to save major money over the duration of your mortgage loan, you may want to consider a shorter term, such as 15 years. Shortening the term of your mortgage from 30 years to 15 years will likely cost you more monthly, but it could save thousands in interest over the life of the loan.

For example, a 30-year $1 million loan at a 7.50% interest rate would carry a monthly payment of approximately $6,992 and a total cost of around $1,517,172 in interest over the life of the loan.

Refinancing to a 15-year mortgage with a 5.50% rate would result in a higher monthly payment, about $8,171, but the shorter maturity would result in total loan interest of around $470,750 -– an interest savings over the life of the loan of about $1,046,422 vs. the 30-year term.

One more perk: Lenders often charge a lower interest rate for a 15-year mortgage than for a 30-year home loan.

4. You’re Interested in Securing a Fixed Rate

Borrowers may take out an adjustable-rate mortgage because they may get a lower rate (at least initially) than on a fixed-rate mortgage for the same property. But just as the name states, the rate will adjust with market fluctuations.

Typically, ARMs for second mortgages such as home equity lines of credit are “pegged” to the prime rate, which generally moves in lockstep with the federal funds rate. First mortgage ARM rates are tied more closely to mortgage-backed securities or the 10-year Treasury note.

Even though ARM loans come with yearly and lifetime interest rate caps, if you believe that interest rates will move higher in the future and you plan to keep your loan for a while, you may want to consider a more stable fixed rate.

Refinancing to a fixed mortgage can protect your loan against rate increases in the future and provide the security of knowing how much you’ll be paying on your mortgage each month, no matter what the markets do.

5. You’re Considering an ARM

You may also be considering a move in the other direction—switching from a fixed-rate mortgage to an adjustable-rate mortgage. This could potentially make sense for someone with a 30-year fixed loan but who plans to leave their home much sooner.

For example, you could get a 7/1 ARM with a potential lower interest rate for the first seven years, after which the rate may change once a year, when up for review, as the market changes. If you plan to move on before higher rate changes, you could potentially save money.

It’s best to know exactly when the rate and payment will adjust, and how high. And it’s important to understand the loan’s margin, index, yearly and lifetime rate caps, and payments. For further details, try using an online mortgage calculator

6. You’re Considering a Strategic Cash-Out Refi

In addition to updating the rate and terms of a mortgage loan, it may be possible to do a cash-out refinance, when you take out a new loan at a higher loan amount by tapping into available equity.

The lender will provide you with cash and in exchange will increase your loan amount, which will likely result in a higher monthly payment.

If you go this route, realize that you’re taking on more debt and using the equity you have built up in your home. Market value changes may result in a loss of home value and equity. Also, a mortgage loan is secured by your home, which means that the lender can seize the property if you are unable to make mortgage payments.

A cash-out refi may make sense if you use it as a tool to pay less interest on your overall debt load. Using the cash from the refinance to pay off debts carrying higher rates, like credit cards, could be a good move.

Depending on loan terms and other factors, a lower rate may allow for overall faster repayment of your other debts.

Recommended: How Does Cash-Out Refinancing Work?

7. Your Financial Situation Has Improved

When putting together an offer for a mortgage, a lender will often take multiple factors into consideration. One of those is prevailing interest rates. Another is your financial situation, including things like your credit history, credit score, income, and debt-to-income ratio.

The better your personal financial situation in the eyes of the lender, the more creditworthy you are – and the better the terms of your loan offer could be.

Therefore, it may be possible to refinance your mortgage loan into better terms if your financial situation has improved since you took out the original loan, especially when paired with relatively low market rates.

The Takeaway

Is it time to refinance? It might be if you could get a lower interest rate or better loan term. For instance, locking in a lower rate now may help you achieve your long-term goals by freeing up cash for other stuff, like retirement or a big vacation.

SoFi can help you save money when you refinance your mortgage. Plus, we make sure the process is as stress-free and transparent as possible. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates on a traditional mortgage refinance or cash-out refinance.

FAQ

How do you know if it’s the right time to refinance?

To see if now is a good time for you to refinance, you can calculate your break-even point – when your savings exceed your costs. You can do this by dividing the total closing cost amount by the net monthly savings you’d get from the refinance. This will give you the number of months it will take to pay off the closing costs and let you know where the break-even point is.

What is the timeline for refinancing?

Refinancing typically takes between 30 and 45 days, though it can vary. Being prepared with relevant documents and responsive to requests can expedite the process.

How long after signing a mortgage can you refinance?

The length of time required after you sign a mortgage to when you can refinance can vary based on the type of loan. For conventional loans backed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, you may be able to refinance immediately. However, there may be a “seasoning period” of six months required by your lender before you can refinance with that lender. FHA loans have a waiting period of 210 days to 12 months; VA loans require 210 days or six on-time payments, whichever comes later; and USDA loans can be refinanced after 12 months of on-time payments. Jumbo loan terms are set by the lender.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.