Subprime Auto Loans, Explained
If you have imperfect credit or a limited credit history and need to finance an automobile purchase, you may qualify for a subprime auto loan. These loans are relatively risky for lenders to take on, so they may carry less favorable interest rates, and lenders may require you to provide additional information about your finances.
Here’s a close look at what subprime loans are, how they work, and the potential risks of accepting one.
Key Points
• Subprime auto loans are for borrowers with poor credit or limited credit history, often with scores of 650 or less.
• These loans have higher interest rates and fees, such as processing, origination, and prepayment penalties.
• Higher costs and increased risk of default and repossession can damage credit and complicate future borrowing.
• Borrowers can build credit by paying debts, making timely payments, and maintaining a low credit utilization ratio.
• Refinancing subprime loans can lower interest rates, but it may involve additional fees, so evaluate the total cost.
What Are Subprime Auto Loans?
The definition of a subprime auto loan is a loan given to borrowers with poor credit or those who have no or limited credit history.
A borrower’s credit is largely represented by their credit score — a three-digit number ranging from 300 to 850. Higher scores represent good credit, while lower scores represent poor credit.
There is no one definition of a subprime score. For example, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau defines subprime as credit scores between 580 to 619. On the other hand, Experian®, one of the three major credit reporting bureaus, defines subprime scores as running between 580 to 669.
As a general rule of thumb, borrowers with scores less than 650 are less likely to qualify for traditional auto loan financing than those with higher scores. However, due to the qualifications of subprime loans, you can still qualify for a car loan with a low credit score, such as 650 or below.
How Do Subprime Auto Loans Work?
Lenders see borrowers with low credit as at risk for defaulting on their loans. As a result, subprime loans are a risky move for creditors. To help offset some of this risk, subprime loans often carry higher interest rates than traditional auto loans, and in some cases, additional fees.
Subprime lenders may ask to see additional documentation to help establish your financial stability. For example, they may ask to see bank statements, pay stubs, and tax forms before they’ll approve your loan.
How Does Credit Score Affect Subprime Auto Loans?
The three major credit reporting bureaus — TransUnion®, Equifax®, and Experian® — collect information about your payment history from your creditors into your credit report. Your credit score is important because it is a synthesis of this information in a single number.
If you have a long history of working with creditors and paying your bills on time, you will likely have a higher credit score. If you are prone to making late payments, missing payments, or you’ve defaulted on a loan, you likely have a lower score.
The Fair Isaacs Corporation (FICO®) is one of the companies that produces credit scores. It rates credit scores according to the following:
• Poor: 300 to 579
• Fair: 580 to 669
• Good: 670 to 739
• Very Good: 740 to 799
• Exceptional: 800 to 850
The higher your credit score, the more likely you are to qualify for new credit with favorable terms and lower interest rates. The lower you score, the harder it will be for you to secure new credit.
Recommended: What Does a Lemon Car Mean?
What Is the Maximum Loan Amount I Can Get With a Subprime Auto Loan?
Subprime lenders may have a more rigorous approval process; however, that doesn’t mean that they’ll have maximum loan limits. In fact, the amount that a lender is willing to loan you is at their discretion and will depend on your personal financial situation, your creditworthiness, and the amount of risk they’re willing to take on.
If you can only qualify for a subprime auto loan, it’s important to be realistic about what kind of car you want to buy. Don’t aim for the priciest vehicle you get with a subprime loan. Rather, be sure to choose one that fits your budget and for which you will be able to make on-time monthly payments.
Recommended: How Many Car Payments Can I Miss Before Repo?
The Risks of Subprime Auto Loans
Before signing up for a subprime auto loan, be sure to understand the potential drawbacks.
Interest Rates
Subprime auto loans tend to carry much higher interest rates than their traditional counterparts. Consider that in the first quarter of 2025, the average prime auto loan rate for a new car was 6.70%, while the average subprime rate was 13.22%.
Higher interest rates can significantly increase the amount you pay for your vehicle. Consider this example: If you want to buy a $30,000 vehicle with 10% down and interest rate of 6.89% over 72 months, you’ll end up paying $4,475 in interest over the life of the loan. However, that same vehicle with a 12.85% interest rate will cost you $8,793 over the life of the loan.
Fees
In addition, subprime loans may be subject to higher fees, including procession and origination fees, prepayment penalties, and service contracts.
Repossession
The risk of default is higher for people with subprime loans. If you can no longer make loan payments, your lender may repossess your car, selling it to recoup some of their losses. Default and repossession can hurt your credit score, making it more difficult to secure a loan in the future.
Recommended: What Are Small Car Loans?
Examples of Subprime Auto Loan Interest Rates
Understanding the auto loan interest rates available to subprime borrowers as well as borrowers with other interest rates can help you understand how much the total cost of your vehicle will be when you’re wondering when to refinance a car.
It may be worth it to do what you can to improve your credit score — by paying off debts and paying bills on time — to qualify for more traditional rates.
Here’s a look at first quarter 2025 average interest rates by category, according to data from Experian.
| Category | Score Range | Average New Car Interest Rate | Average Used Car Interest Rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Superprime | 781 – 850 | 5.18% | 6.82% |
| Prime | 661 – 780 | 6.70% | 9.06% |
| Near Prime | 601 – 660 | 9.83% | 13.74% |
| Subprime | 501 – 600 | 13.22% | 18.99% |
| Deep Subprime | 300 – 500 | 15.81% | 21.58% |
Refinance a Subprime Auto Loan
If a subprime auto loan is all you qualify for, know that you aren’t necessarily stuck with it forever. You may have the opportunity for a subprime auto refinance.
When you refinance an auto, you replace your old loan with one — hopefully one with a lower interest rate. Look into a refinance if you build your credit and you can qualify for a lower rate, or when interest rates drop.
Be sure you understand the pros and cons of refinancing an auto loan. For example, while you may lower your interest rate, one disadvantage of refinancing is that fees can add to the cost of refinancing. In some cases, the cost of fees can cancel out the gain you’d receive from a lower rate.
In terms of how soon you can refinance your auto loan, you can refinance almost immediately, but you may want to wait until your finance situation improves.
The Takeaway
If you have poor credit or you’re working on building credit for the first time, you may only qualify for a subprime auto loan. Be sure to consider the risks, and if buying a car isn’t pressing, consider doing what you can to build your credit score before applying for an auto loan again. That way, you may qualify for lower interest rates and end up paying less over the life of the loan.
If you do end up with a subprime loan, you won’t necessarily be stuck with it forever, as you can always consider refinancing.
If you’re seeking auto loan refinancing, SoFi is here to support you. On SoFi’s marketplace, you can shop and compare financing options for your car in minutes.
FAQ
What is considered a subprime auto loan?
Generally speaking, subprime loans are offered to borrowers with credit scores of about 650 or less.
What is the maximum loan amount with a subprime auto loan?
There is no set maximum, but loan amounts will vary by lender depending on your creditworthiness and their willingness to assume risk.
What is the average subprime auto loan rate?
The average subprime auto loan rate for a new car is 13.22%, according to data from credit reporting bureaus Experian.
Photo credit: iStock/Pawel Kacperek
SoFi's marketplace is owned and operated by SoFi Lending Corp.
Advertising Disclosures: The preliminary options presented on this site are from lenders and providers that pay SoFi compensation for marketing their products and services. This affects whether a product or service is presented on this site. SoFi does not include all products and services in the market. All rates, terms, and conditions vary by provider. See SoFi Lending Corp. licensing information below.
Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
Third Party Trademarks: Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Center for Financial Planning, Inc. owns and licenses the certification marks CFP®, CERTIFIED FINANCIAL PLANNER®
SOALR-Q325-118
Read more