Guide to Deposit Interest Rates

Guide to Deposit Interest Rates

A deposit account — such as a savings account or interest-bearing checking account — can be an attractive place to park your cash. It’s safe, allows relatively quick access, and even helps you earn a little bit of money, thanks to what’s known as the deposit interest rate.

The deposit interest rate is the amount of interest that a bank or other financial institution will pay you when you make a deposit. (You may also hear it referred to by such terms as simply the interest rate or the APY, for annual percentage yield.) Understanding deposit interest rates can help you choose among banking products and find the one that best suits your needs.

To help you with that knowledge, we’ll dive into the topic here and explore:

•   What is a deposit interest rate in banking?

•   How does a deposit interest rate work, and how is it calculated?

•   What kinds of deposit interest rate accounts are there?

What Is a Deposit Interest Rate?

When you put money into a deposit account, your bank or financial institution will pay you interest. Why? Banks use a portion of the money that’s deposited with them to make loans to other customers, perhaps as a mortgage, business loan, or personal loan.

The bank pays you interest for the privilege of lending out your money. They will then charge a higher interest rate on the loans they make, which is how the bank turns a profit.

Incidentally, just because a bank is loaning out your money doesn’t mean your cash won’t be there when you need it. Banks typically carry a cash reserve to cover withdrawals their customers need to make.

How Does a Deposit Interest Rate Work?

Deposit interest rates in banking are expressed as percentages. The amount of interest you earn will be based on how much cash you’ve deposited in your account, also known as your principal.

The interest rate you’re offered will vary by account. For example, a simple savings account may offer a relatively low interest rate, while a high-yield savings account or a money market account may offer a higher rate.

Your interest rate will also be determined in part by the federal funds rate. That rate is the amount the Federal Reserve suggests banks charge to lend each other money overnight.

Recommended: How Does a High Yield Savings Account Work?

How Is Deposit Interest Rate Calculated?

Wondering how interest rates are calculated? It usually is done in one of two ways: as simple interest or compounding interest.

Simple interest is a matter of multiplying the principal by the interest rate. As the name suggests, it is easier to calculate. However, most banks will use compounding to calculate interest rates. Compounding interest essentially allows you to earn a return on your returns, which can help your money grow exponentially. So your principal earns interest, and that amount of interest is added to the principal. Then the interest rate gets calculated again at a certain interval based on that pumped-up principal. This keeps happening, helping your savings grow. Interest can compound at various rates, such as continuously, monthly, or annually, depending on the product and financial institution.

Ways Deposit Interest Rates Are Applied by Institutions

Financial institutions can apply interest rates in a variety of ways. First, they can be fixed or variable. A fixed interest rate guarantees that you will receive an interest payment equal to a certain percentage of your principal. This percentage won’t change over the life of the account. So if your interest rate on your money is set at, say, 2%, that is what you will get, period.

A variable interest rate, on the other hand, may change according to shifts in a benchmark interest rate, such as the federal funds rate. As the benchmark rises, so too will the interest rate. What if the benchmark drops? That means you’re paid less interest.

Additionally, some deposit accounts will offer higher interest rates for larger balances. A certificate of deposit, or CD, may offer you better interest rates if you agree to park your cash in the account for a longer term.

Get up to $300 when you bank with SoFi.

Open a SoFi Checking and Savings Account with direct deposit and get up to a $300 cash bonus. Plus, get up to 4.60% APY on your cash!


Real-Life Example of Deposit Interest Rate

Let’s take a look at how to do the math on a couple of examples of deposit interest rates. If you’re a bank customer with $10,000 to deposit, here are two scenarios:

•   Bank 1 is a bricks-and-mortar bank offering 0.01% interest. (Remember, one percentage point is one-hundredth of a whole.) If you deposit your $10,000 for one year, you’ll earn: 10,000 x 0.0001 = 1. At the end of 365 days, you will have the principal plus the interest, or $10,001.

•   Bank 2 is an online bank offering 1.0% interest. If you deposit the same $10,000 for a year, you’ll earn: 10,000 x 0.01 = 100. You’ll have $10,100 at year’s end.

Types of Deposit Interest Rate Accounts

There are a variety of different deposit account types that you might encounter. Here are four of which you should be aware. We’ll explain how each one works.

1. Savings Accounts

Savings accounts are designed specifically as a place for you to put cash you might need in the short-term. For example, you might keep your emergency fund in a savings account, since you’d need quick access to cash if your car’s transmission failed or you had to cover an unexpected medical bill.

Not only does your savings account allow you to earn interest, it is also one of the safest places you can put your money. That’s because the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) guarantees your money, up to $250,000, as it does with the deposit accounts below. That means in the rare case that your bank fails, you will still have access to your money.

You can deposit cash at an ATM, in person, or through mobile deposits. You can deposit checks or cash into the account, too. When you make a deposit, your funds may not be immediately available for use. Check with your bank to understand their rules around fund availability.

2. Interest-Bearing Checking Accounts

Many checking accounts have very low fees and don’t pay interest. As a result, it doesn’t make sense to keep a lot of money in this type of account. In fact, you may want to keep just enough to pay your bills.

Interest-bearing checking accounts are an exception. They allow you to collect interest on your account, which could be a nice perk. After all, you may well have your paycheck deposited there by setting up direct deposit, which can make your funds available quickly. Whatever remains in your account after paying your bills could be earning you some interest.

However, these accounts may be more complicated and expensive, with higher fees and minimum balance requirements. It’s important to make sure that the expense of holding the account doesn’t outweigh the interest paid.

3. Certificates of Deposit

A certificate of deposit, or CD, is a product offered by financial institutions that offers a higher interest rate if you agree to keep your funds in place for a period of time. Typically, the length of time is from six months to a few years, but it could be anywhere from one month to 20 years. The longer the period, the higher the interest rate you will probably be offered.

Here’s the rub: If you find that you need the money in the CD before the account matures (meaning the agreed-to time period passes), you’ll likely have to pay early withdrawal penalties. That said, it is possible to get CD’s with no-penalties, but you may have to compromise, such as by accepting lower interest rates.

4. Money Market Accounts

Money market accounts, on the other hand, pay interest and allow for withdrawals. They often pay higher interest rates than traditional savings accounts. However, in return, these accounts may require you to make higher initial deposits and they may have minimum balances, which could be $10,000 or more.

Like checking accounts, money market accounts can offer checks and debit cards, though they may limit the number of transactions you may make per month.

The Takeaway

There are a number of different deposit accounts that offer a deposit interest rate, ranging from checking and savings accounts to CDs and money market accounts. The interest rates will likely vary. For example, with CDs, the rates may depend on factors such as account minimums or term of deposit. Understanding these kinds of “fine print” differences will help you find the right match for your needs, whether your goal is the highest possible interest or having enhanced access to your funds.

If you’re in the market for accounts with a super-competitive interest rate, come check out what SoFi offers. Our online bank accounts, when opened with direct deposit, offer a competitive APY, no-fees, automated savings, and more great perks.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall. Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

Do you get interest when you deposit money?

When you deposit money in an interest-bearing deposit account, you will start to earn interest. In other words, your money makes money.

Which deposits pay more interest?

The amount of interest you earn will depend on your interest rate and the amount of money in the account. The more money you deposit and the higher the interest rate, the more interest you will earn. Also, online banks typically pay interest rates than bricks-and-mortar banks.

Do all banks have deposit interest rates?

Banks that offer interest-bearing deposit accounts will always offer a deposit interest rate.


SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2023 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.


SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Photo credit: iStock/AsiaVision
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What Is an Online Savings Account and How Does It Work?

What Is an Online Savings Account and How Does It Work?

Online savings accounts function similarly to traditional savings accounts, except you will manage your account entirely online. If you like keeping things digital, you’ll probably appreciate how convenient these savings accounts are. Plus, they may offer you a healthier interest rate than accounts held with a bricks-and-mortar bank.

So, what is an online savings account, and could one be right for you? Keep reading for more insight into how online savings accounts work and their advantages and disadvantages. We’ll answer:

•   What is an online savings account?

•   How does an online savings account work?

•   How can you deposit money into and withdraw from an online savings account?

•   What are the pros and cons of an online savings account?

•   How do online savings accounts and traditional savings accounts compare?

What Is an Online Savings Account?

Here’s one definition of an online savings account: It’s a savings account that functions similarly to one offered by a bricks-and-mortar bank, except you manage your banking needs online. With an online savings account, you won’t have the option of walking into a bank when you need support, but you will be able to quickly click your way ahead and complete most transactions.

As a refresher course, savings accounts are a type of bank account designed to help you save. They keep your savings separate from the money you spend on essentials like rent and groceries, which is usually held in a checking vs. savings account.

Since the principle is that your money will sit and grow in these accounts, rather than flow in and out constantly, banks pay you interest on these funds. They get to use your money, and they give you interest in return for that privilege. As your cash grows in the account, you can achieve different goals, such as building up an emergency fund, saving for a vacation, or getting a down payment together for a house. It’s your choice!

How Does an Online Savings Account Work?

You start an online savings account with an opening deposit, and then you’re ready to start saving. With an online savings account, you can manage your savings from anywhere in the world at any time of day. While there are plenty of banks and credit unions that have online account management services, purely online savings accounts often come with unique perks. For example, online banks usually don’t have a minimum balance requirement like traditional banks do. They often pay a higher interest rate, too.

You can transfer funds in and out as needed, as with any savings account. Typically, savings accounts allow six or fewer transfers per month. Initiate more than that, and you might have to pay a fee. However, many banks have stopped following this guideline in recent years. Check with your bank to know the details.

It’s also worth mentioning that with an online account, you won’t be able to deposit or withdraw cash into your account by strolling into a branch. There aren’t physical banking locations to visit. You’ll need to transfer funds in and out electronically, or you may be able to use ATMs. There’s a silver lining, though. In exchange for not having to pay for the overhead that comes with running an in-person bank, online banks often offer lower fees and higher interest rates.

Depositing Funds Into an Online Savings Account

As mentioned above, it’s not possible to deposit cash into an online savings account by visiting a branch. Instead, you can deposit money in the following ways:

•   Transfer money from a linked account into your online savings account. (If you’re really committed to saving, you may want to automate recurring transfers).

•   Use a check; this deposit can be done by mobile deposit or by mail.

•   Complete a wire transfer into your online savings account.

•   Set up direct deposit of funds (say, your paycheck or other benefits) to go into the account.

Withdrawing Money From an Online Savings Account

Now, let’s look at the other side of your financial life: withdrawing and spending money from a savings account. When you have an online savings account, here are your options:

•   Transfer funds into another account (say, one held at a traditional bank), and then take out cash in person.

•   Use an ATM. Some online banks allow you to link your savings to a debit card, which makes this possible.

•   Initiate a wire transfer.

•   Put in a check request.

•   Digitally send money to other people (say, by a P2P transfer) so you don’t need to take out cash.

Cash Deposits

Unfortunately, online don’t banks normally enable you to deposit cash, as there is no physical banking location available. See above for some of the other ways you can move your funds around so your cash gets where you want it to go.

Benefits of Using an Online Savings Account

Now, let’s look at some of the key benefits you may enjoy with an online savings account. These are among the reasons why you may opt for and enjoy this way of stashing your cash.

•   Higher interest rates and lower fees. Online savings accounts often have lower fees and higher interest rates, which means you’ll earn more on your savings. These higher interest rates are possible because the financial institution doesn’t have to pay for expensive bricks-and-mortar banking locations.

•   Manage accounts anywhere, anytime. It’s possible to do all of your basic savings account management whenever and wherever you like. The only requirement: a good, secure wifi connection.

•   Helpful mobile banking apps. Plenty of traditional banks have mobile apps, but online banks tend to have high-tech apps with better features.

•   More accessible customer service. You are likely to be able to get all of the banking support you need from the comfort of your own home. Online banks were built to be responsive in this way.

Disadvantages of Using an Online Savings Account

On the flip side, there are some disadvantages when you bank online. Here are some of the cons of using an online savings account.

•   No face-to-face interaction. With online savings accounts, you can’t go into a physical banking location, ask questions, or sit down with a bank representative. For those who like face-to-face interaction, this can be a disadvantage.

•   Can lose account access. When a savings account is entirely online, you may lose account access if the bank’s system goes down.

•   ATM access is constricted. Some online banks don’t have their own ATMs. They may try to provide greater access with some independent ATM networks or by reimbursing customers for ATM fees incurred when using out-of-network ATMs.

•   Limited services. Online banks tend to offer more limited product selections than larger traditional banks. If you’re looking to manage your savings account, loans, and other financial products in one place, you may find that an online savings account doesn’t meet your needs.

Pros of Online Savings Accounts

Cons of Online Savings Accounts

•   Higher interest rates and lower fees

•   Ability to manage accounts anywhere, anytime

•   Helpful mobile banking apps

•   More accessible customer service

•   No face-to-face interaction

•   Can lose account access

•   ATM access is constricted

•   More limited services

Opening an Online Savings Account

If you decide you want to open an online savings account, here are the steps you will likely take.

1.    Fill out the application. This process will happen entirely online. Generally, you will be expected to provide such information as your name, proof of address, Social Security number, and government-issued photo ID (say, a driver’s license or a passport).

2.    Choose account type. There may be an option to choose between different savings account types, such as an individual account or a joint account that you can share with a family member.

3.    Designate beneficiaries. Next, you will need to choose a beneficiary to whom the savings account would go if you were to pass away.

4.    Deposit funds. Some online banks won’t require a minimum initial deposit or will only request $1. Whatever the amount may be, you will need to make that minimum deposit. (There’s no typical online savings account minimum balance to maintain, by the way. Check with banks to understand their particular guidelines.)

5.    Create login information. All online savings accounts will need a username and password. It’s important to make the password a secure one that includes one or more capital letters, numerals, and symbols. Also, it bears repeating: Don’t reuse passwords. Unique passwords will help keep you secure from hackers. This is a big issue if you are wondering whether or not online savings accounts are safe.

Get up to $300 when you bank with SoFi.

Open a SoFi Checking and Savings Account with direct deposit and get up to a $300 cash bonus. Plus, get up to 4.60% APY on your cash!


Online Savings vs Traditional Savings: Which Is Best for You?

There are both advantages and disadvantages to consider when choosing between an online savings account and a traditional savings account. Being aware of the unique advantages and disadvantages of each can make it easier to find the right fit.

Online Savings

Traditional Savings

•   Better rates and fees

•   Stronger digital tools and features

•   Limited product offerings

•   Minimal ATM access

•   Hard to withdraw cash

•   No face-to-face customer support

•   In-person banking locations

•   More ATM access

•   Broader range of products

•   Fewer online resources

•   Lower interest rates and higher fees

The Takeaway

If you’re considering an online savings account vs. a traditional one, it’s wise to carefully consider the pros and cons of each. Online savings accounts can be more convenient, have more digital features, and offer lower fees and better interest rates. Traditional banks, however, can make it easier to withdraw and deposit funds, and they can be the right choice for people who like face-to-face interaction when it comes to their finances. Figuring out the right fit depends on your money style and goals; consider which factors matter the most, and you’ll be ready to make your choice.

If online savings is right for you, check out what SoFi has to offer. We help you bank better when you sign up for our mobile banking app with direct deposit. You won’t pay any of the usual account fees, you’ll earn an impressive APY, and you’ll have access to a network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall. Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

How do I use an online savings account?

Exactly how does an online savings account work? With access to a computer or a smartphone, consumers can access their online savings accounts from anywhere at any time by simply logging in.

What is the typical minimum balance for an online savings account?

That depends. Some online savings accounts have minimum balance requirements while others don’t. Check at the banks you are considering.

Is my money insured in an online savings account?

Your money should be safe in an online savings account, as long as the online savings account is insured by the FDIC. If so, your account is automatically insured for up to $250,000.

What is the typical interest rate for an online savings account?

Interest rates vary over time and from bank to bank. Generally, online savings accounts have higher interest rates than traditional savings accounts, such as a rate of up to 1.25% APY at press time.

How can online banks offer such good interest rates?

Because online banks don’t have the expensive overhead that comes with managing in-person banking locations, they can afford to pass their savings to their customers in the form of higher interest rates.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2023 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.


SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

Photo credit: iStock/m-imagephotography
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puzzle piece over fed reserve seal

How Do Federal Reserve Banks Get Funded?

The Federal Reserve is frequently featured in headlines. You may have read about the bank’s chairman announcing that it would be adjusting interest rates up (and up again) recently. Or perhaps you’ve seen stories about how the bank tries to stimulate the economy and how well it maintains its independence.

But how much do you really know about the Federal Reserve system? Who owns the Federal Reserve bank, and how do central banks create money? These questions might seem abstract, but understanding how the system functions is key to getting a clear picture of how the U.S. economy works.

In short, the Federal Reserve — known as “the Fed” — is the country’s central bank. Its goals are much loftier than that of traditional banks: to make sure the U.S. economy works smoothly and serves the public interest.

Specifically, the bank tries to keep the financial system and individual institutions stable, protect consumers, and make sure the transactions system is secure and efficient.

Perhaps most importantly, the bank also manages short-term interest rates, which in turn affects the availability of credit and eventually things like consumer spending, investment, employment, and inflation.

The bank’s goals with these actions is to promote maximum employment, keep prices stable (traditionally, the bank aims for an inflation rate of 2%), and keep long-term interest rates moderate.

Here’s a closer look at the Fed, including:

•   Who owns the Federal Reserve Bank?

•   How do Federal Reserve banks get their money?

•   How is the Federal Reserve funded?

•   How does the Federal Reserve influence interest rates?

Who Owns the Federal Reserve Bank?

Even though parts of the Federal Reserve are structured like a private bank, the Fed is not owned by anyone. Congress created the Federal Reserve in 1913, and it remains an independent government agency. However, the board that oversees it — which is appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate — still reports to Congress today.

Its leaders are required to testify in Congress and submit a lengthy report on its plans twice a year. The Federal Reserve actually consists of 12 Reserve Banks spread across different regions of the U.S. Although each one has a board of directors and is incorporated, it’s not actually a private entity and the banks aren’t in business to make a profit.

Recommended: Checking vs Savings Accounts: All About the Differences

How Does the Federal Reserve Make Money?

The Federal Reserve does not “make” money exactly, in that it doesn’t print money — that’s the Treasury Department’s job. But it does serve as a bank for other banks and government agencies, allowing them to open accounts to hold their reserves, take out loans, issue government securities, and take other actions.

When it comes to other banks, the Fed is there to lend to them in case they have problems getting funding, either because of unexpected fluctuations in their loans and deposits or due to extreme events, such as the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the 2008 financial crisis, or the COVID-19 crisis.

The Fed lends at a higher rate than the market in order to ensure that it’s used as a last resort. The Federal Reserve does not lend money or provide bank accounts for individuals, as retail banks do. (Beware of scams that claim you can open an account with the Federal Reserve using your Social Security number.)

While the Federal Reserve does not actually print money, it does put in orders with the U.S. Treasury for “Federal Reserve notes” based on the demand it expects both domestically and internationally.

Federal Reserve notes are actually just another name for U.S. paper currency and no different from the dollars in normal circulation. For fiscal year 2022, the Federal Reserve’s board will be ordering between 6.9 billion and 9.7 billion notes, which will be valued at $310 billion and $356 billion. Most of these notes go to replacing bills that are no longer in usable condition.

Here’s more detail on how the Fed works and keeps our economy humming along.

Fractional Reserve Banking and the Money Multiplier

Fractional reserve banking describes the system in which only a fraction of the money on deposit is actually held as cash and available for withdrawals by customers. Here are a few aspects of this system to note:

•   The Federal Reserve wants to ensure that banks keep enough money on hand so that when customers come in seeking cash, they aren’t turned away. To accomplish this, the Fed sets a reserve requirement (often 10% of all deposits) that banks must keep available. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the shockwaves it sent through the economy, this was lowered to 0% in an effort to stimulate the economy.

•   The Fed buys treasuries to help create monetary reserves. It sends the funds to banks so they can make loans with it, up to that reserve requirement limit mentioned above.

•   Another aspect of fractional reserve banking is what is known as the money multiplier. Financial analysts use a money multiplier equation to calculate the impact of the funds kept on reserve on the economy in general. It estimates how much money is created in the economy by the reserve system.

   Here’s how the calculation looks: The amount on deposit is multiplied by one divided by the reserve requirement. So if a bank had $100 million on deposit, you would multiply that by one divided by 10% to get $1 billion. That $1 billion represents money potentially created by lending out the 90% not kept on reserve at the bank.

Recommended: What is Fractional Reserve Banking and How Does it Work?

The Credit Market Funnel

Another way of looking at the Federal Reserve’s role in our nation’s economy is the credit market funnel, meaning that the Fed funnels funds to businesses to grow the economy. Say the U.S. Treasury printed $20 billion in new bills, and the Fed credited $80 billion in liquid accounts. You might think the American economy got an infusion of $100 billion. But it’s actually much more than that. Credit markets act as a funnel in terms of distributing funds. As new loans are issued, more money is created. That $100 billion could trigger a tenfold monetary increase to $1 trillion.

Determining the Money Supply

Here’s another facet of what the Federal Reserve does: It considers whether our country’s money supply should be boosted. This can impact the state of the American economy. A larger money supply can lower interest rates and get more cash to consumers, which typically stimulates spending. If the Fed does feel that the money supply needs to be increased, it will typically augment bank reserves. It might purchase Treasury bonds and distribute those to banks’ reserve funds. The banks can then use some of those funds for loans and other activities.

Money Creation Mechanism

As you’ve learned, the Federal Reserve plays a vital role in determining how and when to influence the money supply in the U.S. economy. It often boils down to the Fed buying securities and putting them in the reserves of commercial banks. Those banks can then augment the amount of money in circulation by lending funds to both businesses and consumers.

Recommended: Money Management and Setting Your Financial Goals

How Is the Federal Reserve Funded?

So where does the Fed get its money? Unlike other government agencies, the Federal Reserve doesn’t get its money from Congress as part of the usual budget process.

Instead, Federal Reserve funding comes mainly through interest on government securities that it bought on the open market.

These primarily include U.S. Treasury securities, mortgage-backed securities, and government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) securities.

How much money does the federal reserve have? As of mid-August 2022, the Fed had nearly $8.9 trillion in assets on its balance sheet. Those have grown significantly compared to 15 years ago, when the Fed had just around $870 billion in assets.

The reason for this has to do with the Fed’s response to the Great Recession and the COVID-19 crisis, among other factors. But remember how the Federal Reserve isn’t in it for the profit?

Once it pays its own overhead, the rest of its earnings go right into the country’s coffers in the U.S. Treasury. In 2021, the Fed transferred $109 billion to the Treasury, up from $87 billion in 2020 and $55 billion in 2019.

How the Fed Affects Interest Rates

In its attempts to steer the ship of the U.S. economy on a solid course, one of the main things the Fed does is influence interest rates. The Fed can either raise or lower the federal funds rate , which is the rate at which financial institutions that hold deposits can borrow and lend funds they keep at Federal Reserve banks from each other.

The Federal Open Market Committee, which is made up of some members of the Fed’s Board of Governors and others, meets multiple times a year to determine what they want the federal fund rates to be.

These decisions then influence other longer-term interest rates, such as those on savings accounts, mortgages, and loans.

The Fed often cuts interest rates to energize the economy by making it less expensive for businesses and consumers to borrow money. It raises rates when inflation seems too high, as has been the case recently.

The rate had been cut to the 0-0.25% rate in March of 2020 due to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and its expected economic impacts. However, by July of 2022, with inflation surging to 40-year highs, the rate was raised to the 2.25% to 2.50% range. While this may sound high to those who focus on the previous historic lows, it’s worthwhile to consider a bit of context. A 2.5% rate is far below 5.25%, where it was in June 2006, and way lower than its peak of 20% in 1978 and 1980, when the Fed was reacting to runaway inflation.

The Takeaway

Understanding the role of the Federal Reserve in our economy and how it is funded is an important bit of learning. It explains how the Fed balances our money reserves, controls inflation, and stimulates the economy’s growth. Especially in the current economic climate in which inflation has been high and the effects of the global pandemic are still being felt, knowing how the Federal Reserve works can enhance your financial literacy. This in turn can help you better manage your own money.

Another way to boost your money management can be to bank smarter with SoFi. When you open an online bank account with SoFi, you’ll enjoy perks that can help your money grow faster and streamline your life. For instance, your Checking and Savings account will let you spend and save, all from one convenient place. And when you open an account with direct deposit, you’ll earn a competitive APY and pay zero fees. What’s more, eligible accounts can access their paycheck up to two days early.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall. Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

How does the Federal Reserve obtain money?

If you’re wondering where does the Federal Reserve’s money come from, the answer isn’t from Congress, as many people might expect. Rather, the Fed makes money mainly through interest on government securities — such as U.S. Treasury securities, mortgage-backed securities, and government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) securities — that it bought on the open market.

Who gives money to the Federal Reserve?

The Federal Reserve isn’t given money; it finances its operations via the interest made on the securities it owns.

Is the Federal Reserve self-funded?

Yes, the Federal Reserve is self-funded. It doesn’t get money via Congress but through the interest earned on the government securities that it buys.

Does the Federal Reserve print money out of thin air?

While the Federal Reserve has the power to print money, there’s a delicate balance at work. If the Fed just ordered the Treasury Department’s Bureau of Engraving and Printing to print more money without a commensurate increase in economic activity, it could trigger inflationary growth, which isn’t desirable.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2023 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.


SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.


External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

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Guide to Using a Personal Cash Flow Statement

If you’re often surprised (and not in a good way) when you open up your credit card and bank statements and see how much money you spent, you are not alone. Or perhaps your pain point comes when you check your bank balance and worry that your cash outflow may be exceeding your cash inflow. In either scenario, there could be a simple solution: a personal cash flow statement.

Creating a personal cash flow statement can give you a clear picture of your monthly cash inflow (money you earn) and your monthly cash outflow (money you spend). Armed with that intel, you can determine if you have a positive or negative net cash flow.

And while it may sound intimidating, creating a personal cash flow statement is relatively simple. All you need to get started is to gather up your bank statements and bills for one month (or more). Then, it’s a matter of some basic calculations.

Once you have your personal financial statement, you’ll know where you currently stand. You’ll also be able to use your personal financial statement to help you create a budget and goals for increasing your net worth.

Here’s how to start getting your financial life back into balance.You’ll learn:

•   What is a personal cash flow statement?

•   How can I create a personal cash flow statement?

•   What is the difference between a personal cash flow statement and a budget?

•   How can I use a personal cash flow statement to create a budget?

What Is a Personal Cash Flow Statement?

“Cash flow” is a term commonly used by businesses to detail the amount of money flowing in and out of a company.

Companies can use cash flow statements to determine how well the business is generating income to pay its debts and operating expenses.

Just like the ones used by companies, tracking your own cash flow can provide you with a snapshot of your financial condition.

You might learn, for example, that you have less leftover at the end of each month than you thought or that you are indeed operating at a shortfall.

Once you have the numbers down in black and white, you can then make any needed changes, such as cutting your expenses to save money, increasing income, and making sure that your spending is in line with your goals.

So, how do you set up one of these cash flow statements? You may find a personal cash flow statement template or a personal cash flow statement example online, but let’s walk you through how and why to create one, so you get the most benefit out of the process. These steps can simplify things.

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Open a SoFi Checking and Savings Account with direct deposit and get up to a $300 cash bonus. Plus, get up to 4.60% APY on your cash!


How to Build a Personal Cash Flow Statement

Listing All Your Sources of Income

A good first step when creating a personal cash flow statement is to get out all of your pay stubs, bank statements, credit card statements, and bills.

Next, you’ll want to start listing any and all sources of income — the inflow.

Cash inflows generally include: salaries, anything you make from side hustles, interest from savings accounts, income from a rental property, dividends from investments, and capital gains from the sale of financial securities like stocks and bonds.

Since a cash flow statement is designed to give a snapshot into the overall flow of where your money is coming from and where it is going, you might want to avoid listing money in accounts that aren’t available for spending.

For example, you may not want to list dividends and capital gains from investment accounts if they are being automatically reinvested, or are part of a retirement account from which you aren’t actively taking withdrawals.

Since income can vary from one month to the next, you might choose to tally inflow for the last three or six months in order to come up with an average.

Once you’ve collected and listed all of your income for the month, you can then calculate the total inflow.

Listing All of Your Expenses

Now that you know how much money is coming in each month, you’ll want to use those same statements and bills, as well as any for debts (such as mortgage, auto loan, or student loans) to list how much was spent during the month.

Again, if your spending tends to fluctuate quite a bit from month to month you may want to track it for several months and come up with an average.

To create a complete picture of how much of your money is flowing out each month, you’ll want to include necessities like food and gas, and also discretionary expenses, such as trips to the nail salon or your monthly streaming services.

Small expenses can add up quickly, so it’s wise to be precise.

Once you’ve compiled all of your expenses, you can calculate the total and come up with your total outflow for the month.

Determining Your Net Cash Flow

To calculate your net cash flow, all you need to do is subtract your monthly outflow from your monthly inflow. The result is your net cash flow.

A positive number means you have a surplus, while a negative means you have a deficit in your budget.

A positive cash flow is desirable, of course, since it can provide more flexibility. You can decide how to best use the surplus.

There are a variety of options. You could choose to save for an upcoming expense, make additional contributions to your retirement fund, create or add to an emergency fund, or, if your savings are in good shape, consider splurging on something fun.

A negative cash flow can signal that you are living a more expensive life than your income can support. In the future, maintaining this habit could lead to additional debt.

When creating personal cash flow statements, it’s also possible to have net neutral cash flow (all money coming in and going out is fairly equal).

In that case, you may still want to jigger things around if you are not already putting the annual maximum into your retirement fund and/or you don’t have a comfortable emergency cash cushion.

The Difference Between a Personal Cash Flow Statement and a Budget

A personal cash flow statement provides a comprehensive look at what is currently coming in and going out of your bank accounts each month.

A cash flow statement tells you where you are.

A personal budget, on the other hand, helps you to get where you want to go by giving you a spending plan that is based on your income and expenses.

A budget can provide you with some general spending guidelines, such as how much you should spend on groceries, entertainment, and clothing each month so that you don’t exceed your income — and end up with a negative net flow.

Creating a budget can also be a good opportunity to check in with your financial goals.

For example:

•   Are you on track for saving for retirement?

•   Are you interested in tackling the credit card debt that has been spiraling due to high interest rates?

•   Do you want to amp up your emergency fund?

•   How are you progressing on paying off your student loans?

Whatever your goal, a well-crafted budget could serve as a roadmap to help you get there.

Recommended: 9 Smart Ways to Pay Off Student Loans

Using Your Personal Financial Statement to Create a Simple Budget

Because a cash flow statement provides a comprehensive look at your overall spending habits, it can be a great jumping off point to set up a simple budget.

When you’re ready to create a budget, there are a variety of resources:

•   Break out a pencil and paper or buy a journal for this purpose

•   Use an app that’s part of your bank’s suite of tools, like SoFi Relay®

•   Download an app that isn’t connected to your financial institution but offers budgeting services

•   Try out spreadsheet templates and printable worksheets

A good first step in creating a budget is to organize all of your monthly expenses into categories.

Spending categories typically include necessities, such as rent or mortgage, transportation (like car expenses or public transportation costs), food, cell phone, healthcare/insurance, life insurance, childcare, and any debts (credit cards/loans).

You’ll also need to list non-essential spending, such as cable travel, streaming services, concert and movie tickets, restaurants, clothing, etc.

You may also want to include monthly contributions to a retirement plan and personal savings into the expense category as well.

And, if you don’t have emergency savings in place, put that on the spending list as well, so you can start saving towards that every month. How big an emergency fund do you need? Aim to cover at least three to six months’ of living expenses.

Once you have a sense of your monthly earnings and spending, you may want to see how your numbers line up with general budgeting guidelines. Financial counselors sometimes recommend the 50/30/20 budget rule, which looks like this:

•   50% of money goes towards necessities such as a home, car, cell phone, or utility bills.

•   30% goes towards your wants, such as entertainment and dining out.

•   20% goes towards your savings goals, such as a retirement plan, a downpayment on a home, emergency fund, or investments.

Recommended: Guide to Practicing Financial Self-Care

Improving Your Net Cash Flow

If your net cash flow is not where you want it to be or, worse, dipping into negative territory, a budget can help bring these numbers into balance.

The key is to look closely at each one of your spending categories and see if you can find some ways to trim back.

The easiest way to change your spending habits is to cut some of your nonessential expenditures. If you’re paying for cable but mostly watch streaming services, for example, you could score some real savings by getting rid of that service and its bill.

Not taking as many weekend getaways and cooking more often instead of getting takeout could start adding up to a big difference. If you tend to be a compulsive or impulsive shopper, you might take steps to understand your triggers, change your behavior, and rein in the outflow of money.

Living on a budget may also require looking at the bigger picture and finding places for more significant savings.

For example, maybe rent eats up 50% of your income, and it’d be better to move to a less costly apartment. Or you might want to consider trading in an expensive car lease for a less pricey or pre-owned model.

There may also be opportunities to lower some of your recurring expenses by finding a better deal or negotiating with your service providers.

You may also want to look into any ways you might be able to change the other side of the equation — the inflow of funds.

Some options might include asking for a raise or finding an additional income stream (making more money is a key benefit of a side hustle).

The Takeaway

One of the most important steps towards achieving financial wellness is cash flow management — i.e., making sure that your cash outflow is not exceeding your cash inflow.

Creating a simple cash flow statement for yourself can be an extremely useful tool. It can show you exactly where you stand and help you create a budget that can bring the inflow and outflow of money into a healthier balance.

Creating — and sticking with — a budget that creates a positive net cash flow and allows for monthly saving can help you build financial security and future wealth.

If you need help with tracking your spending, a Checking and Savings account with SoFi may be a good option for you.

With SoFi Checking and Savings, you can see your weekly spending on your dashboard, which can help you make sure you are on track with your budget. What’s more, when you open an online bank account with direct deposit, you can earn a competitive APY, and you won’t pay any account fees. This combo can help your money grow faster.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall. Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

How do you create a personal cash flow statement?

To create a personal cash flow statement, gather information on how much you typically take in (income) after taxes per month and how much your outflow is. That captures the amount you spend on necessities, like housing and food, as well as wants and debt payments. When you subtract the outflow from the income, you’ll see where your cash flow stands.

What is the importance of a personal cash flow statement?

A personal cash flow statement is an important way to track your personal spending and see where pain points may be. It will also reveal if you are going into debt or if you have surplus funds you can put towards future goals. Also, a personal cash flow statement can be an important factor in establishing a personalized budget.

What is the difference between a personal balance sheet and a cash flow statement?

A personal balance sheet captures your assets (money in the bank and real estate, for instance) and liabilities (your credit card balance and any loans), which allows you to determine your net worth. A cash flow statement, on the other hand, tracks your spending versus your income, to see whether you are operating with a deficit, a surplus, or if you are breaking even.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2023 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.


SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.


External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

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Where to Cash a Check Without Paying a Fee

With the popularity of digital payment apps and credit cards, paper checks are being used less than ever. According to a recent Federal Reserve study , for the last three years reviewed, the value of checks used fell each year, while that of ACH (automated clearing house) transfers and card payments grew.

No doubt, checks may be declining in popularity. But don’t count them out yet: Whether it’s a birthday gift from a grandparent or a medical reimbursement, checks are still kicking around. Checks are often considered a secure form of payment, and they might be the only form of payment some people (like your landlord) accept.

Remember, they’re still money. Don’t make the mistake of cashing a check just anywhere. Read further for a few suggestions and surprises, including:

•   How to cash a check

•   Where to cash a check without a fee

•   Ways to deposit a check if you don’t have a bank account.

How to Cash a Check

Before running off to the bank or ATM around the corner, you may want to ensure that you have what you need to successfully deposit your check. Generally, in order to cash a check, the following information is required:

•   Bank account You typically need an account to deposit a check. Most banks will allow you to cash a check, but if you don’t have an account with them, they may charge a fee.

•   ID or debit card Depending on the means used to deposit the check, you might also need a form of ID or your debit card to successfully complete the transaction.

•   PIN number Whether banking by ATM or teller, you will probably be required to enter your PIN number to confirm the transaction.

•   Completed deposit slip Each bank has a variation in the deposit slip, but most ask for a person’s name, account numbers, and the amount of cash and check the customer is depositing. This typically needs to be completed for the transaction to go through.

Another thing to keep in mind is the timing of the deposit. Personal checks are valid up to six months after they’ve been issued, but it’s generally agreed that they should be deposited as quickly as possible. Otherwise, the issuer might forget about the check, and the person depositing the check could wind up learning that there are insufficient funds in the issuer’s account. This can lead to high fees on both sides from a bounced check. Whether you are hit with non sufficient funds (NSF) vs. overdraft fees will depend on your specific situation.

The only exception to the above timing rules is U.S. Treasury checks, traveler’s checks, or USPS money orders. U.S. Treasury checks are valid for a year after issuing. Traveler’s checks and money orders never expire.

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Where can I Cash a Check?

Branch Bank or Credit Union

Perhaps the most old-school way to cash a check is going into a bank branch or credit union and depositing the check with a teller in-person. This can be a fast solution because the amount being deposited is confirmed on-site — there’s less likely to be a delay in the funds hitting a person’s account. What’s more, it can be the easiest option when you are looking for where to cash a check for free.

To deposit a check at a bank branch, a person will need to complete a deposit slip, and endorse their check. To endorse a check for a teller, a person needs to sign the back of the check, where indicated.

With a deposit slip and endorsed check in hand, customer’s might also be asked for their bank’s corresponding debit card or a photo ID for verification. From there, the check is validated and funds will be available in the account once the check clears, which can take up to two days.

Credit unions can be very convenient as well. If you bank at a shared branch credit union, that means you are part of a larger network of allied credit unions. You might be able to walk into any of these credit unions and cash your check.

While depositing to a bank or credit union branch can be fast, you may be limited by the branch’s hours and locality. If you have an account with an online-only financial institution, visiting a brick-and-mortar location to deposit a check may not be an option.

Fortunately, there are other methods to cash a check.

Check Writer’s Bank

You may be able to cash a check by going to a branch of the bank where the check writer holds an account. For instance, let’s say you want to cash a check without a bank account. You are unbanked but now have received a check you want to cash. You could go to a branch of the bank it was drawn upon to get funds. So if the check says Citigroup on it, you could see if a location near you might cash it. Because the bank holds the check writer’s account, they will likely be able to see that the check is good and pay you.

This tactic can also work with government-issued checks at any large bank. You may be able to have it cashed almost anywhere because government checks are typically so reliable.

Recommended: What Is a Cashier’s Check?

ATMs

Depositing a check via ATM has its advantages and disadvantages. Unlike bank branches, many ATMs are accessible 24 hours a day. Thanks to their smaller square footage, they can be more common than ATMs inside bricks-and-mortar banks.

How to deposit a check by ATM can vary somewhat. Older ATM models may still ask a customer to fill out a deposit slip envelope before inserting the check into the machine. Other newer models simply use on-screen prompts and scanning to verify the deposit amount.

Regardless, customers are generally required to endorse the check with their signature and enter their PIN when making an ATM deposit. Reading the on-screen prompts can help clarify the steps at the specific ATM you are using.

On the downside, checks deposited via ATM may take longer to be available in the bank account. This is because ATMs are only serviced at specific times, and deposits often then need to be verified in person by a teller at the bank. Customers are also usually limited to depositing checks in the ATMs of financial institutions where they are an account holder.

Recommended: How to Transfer Money From One Bank to Another

Mobile Deposit

If you are thinking “Where can I cash my check for free?” but don’t want to go to a branch or if you have your account at an online bank, technology can help.

Using mobile deposit to cash a check is as simple as taking a photo with your phone. It’s quick and convenient and allows you to deposit money from almost anywhere. More and more financial institutions allow the mobile deposit of checks through their app.

Customers take an image of both sides of the check so the financial institution can create a “digital copy” of the check. Instead of endorsing the check with only a signature, customers may be required to write “For Mobile Deposit Only” or a similar message on the back of the check.

Once the bank or financial institution accepts the images, the funds can sometimes immediately become available in the customer’s account, which is a benefit of mobile deposit. However, depositors should keep the check on hand for up to two weeks, or until the amount is cleared. Otherwise, they could end up overdrafting in the event that the funds ultimately don’t clear.

Retail Stores

Did you know that many retail stores will cash a check for you? For example, national chains like Walmart and Kmart may allow some customers to cash checks for a small fee (say, $4). You’ll endorse the check to them and then get your cash. Some grocery stores may offer this privilege at their customer service counter as well.

Keep in mind that there are usually limits to how much cash you can get (perhaps up to $1,000), you’ll likely pay a fee as mentioned, and you may find that not every location will extend this courtesy. It may be wise to call and find out before you head over to a store for this purpose.

Apps

There are a variety of apps that let you deposit a check or convert it to cash on the go. You might use an app like Ingo Money to snap a photo of your paycheck and direct it to a prepaid or debit card or your PayPal account. Fees are involved (say, $5 plus between 2% and 5% of the check’s value), though you may be able to avoid these if you don’t mind waiting 10 days for the funds to arrive.

Another option is to deposit the check to your PayPal Balance account. Again, if you want your money sooner than 10 days, there will be a $5 fee plus between 2% and 5% of the check’s amount. Many other apps are available; shop around for the one that best suits your needs.

Prepaid Cards

While this won’t work if you are in a rush to get your cash, another option is to deposit a check to a prepaid debit card. When the check clears, you’ll be able to swipe away with the debit card.

Depending on the kind of card you select, you may be able to download an app, take a photo of your check with your phone, and then upload it to activate the card. Read the fine print, though; there are often fees involved if you use this check cashing method.

Check-cashing Stores

Check-cashing stores are exactly what they sound like: retail locations that offer to give you cash for your check. They are often part of payday loan shops, and — just as with payday loans — they often charge very high fees. You may want to think of them as a last resort. You can likely get your cash for less via another method.

Mail-In

Another option a depositor might choose is to mail the check into their bank and ask them to deposit it. This will likely take the most time to become available in a bank account, but most banks will offer this service. Why might you need to do this? Perhaps you don’t have mobile deposit and are heading out of town on a work assignment or vacation. Sending the check on its way before you leave can be a good bet.

To mail a check in for deposit, first, check with your bank to confirm its mailing address. Depending on the size of the bank, there may be multiple addresses where the check can be sent. You may want to send the check by a trackable method to help ensure that it reaches its destination.

You’ll likely need to endorse the check; it’s probably wise to write “For deposit only” with the endorsement as an additional safety measure. Depositors may also be required to fill out a deposit slip to include with the check. Confirm the specific requirements with your financial institution.

Recommended: What to Do if Your Check Is Lost or Stolen

Fee-Free Deposit With SoFi

Whether it’s a refund, birthday gift or payment for watching the neighbor’s cat, checks still fall into our hands at least once in a while. While you may not get them frequently, there are numerous ways to deposit them, each with its own unique benefits and drawbacks.

SoFi Checking and Savings® makes accessing your cash extra easy with mobile check deposits and fee-free use of 55,000+ Allpoint ATMs worldwide. What’s more, we can help your money grow faster. When you open a SoFi online bank account with direct deposit, you’ll earn a competitive APY and pay no account fees.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall. Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

3 Great Benefits of Direct Deposit

  1. It’s Faster
  2. As opposed to a physical check that can take time to clear, you don’t have to wait days to access a direct deposit. Usually, you can use the money the day it is sent. What’s more, you don’t have to remember to go to the bank or use your app to deposit your check.

  3. It’s Like Clockwork
  4. Whether your check comes the first Wednesday of the month or every other Friday, if you sign up for direct deposit, you know when the money will hit your account. This is especially helpful for scheduling the payment of regular bills. No more guessing when you’ll have sufficient funds.

  5. It’s Secure
  6. While checks can get lost in the mail — or even stolen, there is no chance of that happening with a direct deposit. Also, if it’s your paycheck, you won’t have to worry about your or your employer’s info ending up in the wrong hands.

FAQ

Where is the cheapest place to cash a check?

“Where can I cash a check for free?” is a common question. The cheapest place to cash a check is likely the bank or credit union where you have an account. It should be completely free. If you don’t have a bank account, your next best option is likely a major retailer like Kmart or Walmart, which will probably charge a small fee of a few dollars.

Where can I cash a check without having a bank account?

If you don’t have a bank account, you may be able to cash the check for a small fee. You could try the check writer’s bank (that is, the bank that issued the check you receive); a retail store (a grocery store or mass merchant); loading the check onto a prepaid card; or using a check-cashing store, though this should be a last resort as it is likely the most expensive option.

What app will cash a check immediately?

There are a variety of check-cashing apps that will help you cash a check immediately. These include Ingo Money, PayPal, Western Union Netspend, and Brink’s Money. Depending on the app, you can send the funds to a prepaid card or a linked account.


Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SoFi® Checking and Savings is offered through SoFi Bank, N.A. ©2023 SoFi Bank, N.A. All rights reserved. Member FDIC. Equal Housing Lender.
The SoFi Bank Debit Mastercard® is issued by SoFi Bank, N.A., pursuant to license by Mastercard International Incorporated and can be used everywhere Mastercard is accepted. Mastercard is a registered trademark, and the circles design is a trademark of Mastercard International Incorporated.


SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.


Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

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