Understanding Statement Credits_780x440

Understanding Statement Credits

Credit cards are one of the most accessible credit-building tools in your arsenal, but rewards are also part of the appeal. A statement credit is one way to redeem rewards you’ve earned.

If you look through your statement balance and find that money was put back into your account, that’s a statement credit.

Knowing how you earned that money can help you take advantage of your credit card’s rewards system in the future.

What Is a Statement Credit?

Credit card companies use a statement credit to issue a credit to your accounts, such as cash back or other rewards you have earned. Essentially, you receive money from your card issuer for a specific reason.

Finding documentation of your statement credit varies among credit card companies. Generally, though, you will see it on your monthly statement under transactions or account activity.

If you check your statements online, you’ll probably see the credit appear in green text.

Regardless of the format, a statement credit has a minus sign in front of the cash amount, thus decreasing your revolving balance.

How to Receive Statement Credits

There are a few ways a statement credit might apply to your account. A common reason is through a return.

If you have ever returned an item you bought using your credit card, the retailer will probably refund the money borrowed from your card issuer. You’ll receive a statement credit that matches the price of the returned item.

Other than returns, ways you may receive a statement credit include:

•   Shopping benefits. Some card providers offer discounts or statement credits for shopping with specific merchants.

•   Travel credits. Card providers may offer annual statement credits to pay for eligible travel expenses like a luggage fee or plane tickets.

•   Rewards. Card providers that offer cash back, points, or miles may let you redeem them in the form of a statement credit.

Statement Credits vs. Cash Back

Your credit card company gives you options when you sign up for a rewards credit card. One choice may be cash back or statement credits.

Cash back sounds simple enough, but it doesn’t always mean you’ll get direct money. Instead, your issuer may offer a cash reward in the form of a credit put on your account. Occasionally, they may send you a physical check or deposit the money in your checking account.

You earn cash back as a reward for using the credit card. It is a percentage of the money spent on purchases using the card.

In comparison, a statement credit reduces your credit card balance. Carrying a high balance between periods could lead to a high credit utilization ratio, which shows the amount of available credit a person has. That can result in a lower credit score over time.

Are Statement Credits Taxable?

The type of credit or reward you receive determines whether it’s taxable. If the credit card holder spent money to earn the reward, they usually don’t have to pay taxes on it. If they receive the credit without any spending, the reward may be taxable.

For example, an individual receives money back on her account after returning a chair she purchased online. That credited amount would not be taxable.

Cashback earners who engage in programs for points, like travel rewards, also generally avoid taxation.

The primary instance where cardholders face a taxable reward is with sign-up bonuses.

If they did not have to purchase anything to earn the bonus, it’s probably taxable. The taxation may apply regardless of how the credit card company issues the bonus, whether it’s in cash or airline miles.

Using Your Rewards Wisely

Credit cards come with responsibilities, but they have their perks.

Consider using statement credits put on your account to lessen your balance. Or look into the various rewards your card issuer offers.

You may even be among the 23% of Americans who didn’t redeem any of your stockpiled rewards in 2022. So you might be missing out on rewards that you could use for some of your favorite services.

When shopping for a new card, you may want to look closely at the points, cash back, or miles involved. How are the rewards offered, how are they redeemed, is it better for you to get a card with consistent points across all purchases or increased rewards in certain areas?

Think through which rewards best fit your lifestyle and interests. If you want to see the world, you may want to get a card that optimizes travel benefits. If you’re an investor or someone interested in student loan refinancing, at least one card is geared toward those preferences.

The Takeaway

What is a statement credit? It’s a reduction in a credit card balance. Many credit cards offer statement credits as one way to redeem travel, cashback, or other rewards.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.



Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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Budgeting on a Fellowship Doctor Salary

A medical fellowship after residency can provide the training you need for a successful career in your preferred specialty. But it also probably means you’ll make far less for a period of one to three years.

Do you get paid during a fellowship? Yes, you do. Medical fellows earn an average salary of $89,175 per year and residents earn an average salary of $57,264 a year. While those are both still above the national median salary of $57,200, they still do not compare to the salary of a full-time attending physician and may require you to set and stick to a budget during your fellowship training period.

The Difference between Residency and Fellowship

Residency usually happens right after medical school and is designed to give doctors the experience needed to serve patients. A fellowship follows residency and is designed to train fellows in a narrower specialty.

While some fellows may earn more than residents, the salary is still lower than for most working physicians. Usually, fellows have to pay for the majority of their living expenses, including housing and at least some meals.

Additionally, most fellows face a high student loan burden as well, with 73% of medical school graduates having some form of education debt. The average student loan debt of medical school graduates, including undergraduate loans, is $250,999.

With a relatively low salary and a high debt burden, being smart with money during fellowship years can be a big part of creating a strong financial foundation.

Fellows may feel like they have too much on their plate to devote time to thinking about personal finance. But just a few savvy budgeting strategies can help fellows live within their means and potentially avoid getting deeper into debt.

10 Budgeting Tips for Living on Your Fellowship Doctor Salary

1. Finding a Budget that Works for You

The first step to smart budgeting is actually making a budget. Start by making a list of monthly expenses in two categories: fixed expenses (those that stay roughly the same every month, such as rent, utilities, and insurance) and variable expenses (those that fluctuate, such as eating out and entertainment).

Next, note how much money is earned each month from fellowship or any other income sources. Use take-home pay after taxes and deductions.

Ideally, expenses should be less than income. If they’re not, work out where costs could be trimmed. With a reasonable budget in place, the next step can be to track spending each month.

Recommended: 23 Ways to Cut Back on Spending and Expenses

2. Living Within Your Means

Expenses should not exceed the money you bring in. During a medical fellowship, you might be tempted to bite off more than you can chew financially with the expectation that your salary will soon increase dramatically. But going into debt isn’t a savvy way to start off your career.

Credit cards generally have the highest interest rates, so even a small balance can balloon into substantial debt down the line. Failing to make payments or using too much available credit could impact an individual’s credit score, which could make a difference when looking for a mortgage or car loan.

3. Choosing Housing Carefully

For most people, housing is the single largest monthly expense. That’s why it’s worth putting in the effort to find an affordable option that meets your needs. In a particularly expensive market, it may be worth getting roommates. Another factor to consider—the closer you are to your workplace, the more that can potentially be saved in commuting costs.

Recommended: How Much House Can I Afford?

4. Delaying the Purchase of a New Car

For those living in an urban area, think about whether public transit or carpooling may be options for getting to work. If a vehicle is non-negotiable, consider a used car rather than a new one. Cars lose much of their value when they’re driven off the lot for the first time, so it may be worth seeking out used cars that are in great shape at a great price.

5. Saving on Food

As a variable expense, food is an area with plenty of opportunities to save. If you have any meals provided for you as part of your fellowship, take advantage of the free food. Eating out can be tempting with a busy schedule, but it may be wiser to limit how often you go to restaurants and how much you spend there.

Since you won’t always have time to cook, preparing meals in batches to eat throughout the week could help you resist the temptation of going out.

When you grocery shop, purchase what’s on sale, learn what produce is in season, and consider purchasing generic brands. Look for nonperishable items in bulk at discount stores. If you’re feeling extra thrifty, clipping coupons could save you some change, too. Some stores even offer coupons through their app—no clipping required.

Recommended: 30 Ways to Save Money on Food

6. Traveling with Rewards Points

During your fellowship, you’ll probably want to go on vacation and take a well-deserved break. But your trip doesn’t have to break the bank. Fellows with a decent enough credit score may qualify for credit cards that offer significant point bonuses, which can be redeemed for travel costs like flights, hotels, or rental cars. Some cards may require cardholders to spend a certain amount upfront to qualify for a bonus, so double check you’re not taking on unnecessary expenses or carrying a balance if you don’t need to.

7. Taking Advantage of Income-Based Repayment Plans, Deferment, or Forbearance

Those with eligible federal loans who cannot afford to make payments may be able to pause their payments through deferment or forbearance options if they meet certain qualifications.

Income-based repayment plans allow borrowers to tie their monthly payment to what they make, and the balance is generally forgiven after a certain number of years (currently anywhere between 20 to 25 years).

Eligibility for these programs largely depends on the types of student loans that the borrower holds and when they were borrowed. Those who are in a qualified graduate fellowship may be able to request a student loan deferment while in a medical fellowship.

If successful, they likely won’t have to make payments during the fellowship. In some cases, borrowers may not be required to pay accrued interest, for example, if they hold subsidized federal student loans.

Borrowers who don’t qualify for deferment but are still struggling financially may be able to apply for forbearance, but would likely be responsible for paying the interest that accrues.

Fellows who are interested in pursuing a career in public health may also consider the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program. In that program, borrowers who work for a qualifying non-profit establishment may be able to get their loans forgiven after 10 years of income-based payments.

8. Trying to Save

Living on a fellows salary may not leave much room for saving, but if at all possible, setting small savings goals could be helpful.

For example, if you don’t already have an emergency fund, you could try to put away some money every month until you have about three to six months of living expenses saved.

Once you have a cushion for emergencies, consider contributing to a retirement account, such as a traditional or Roth IRA. The power of compound interest means investing early can translate into gains over time. The longer money is invested, the more time it potentially has to grow and withstand any volatility.

Recommended: Investing for Beginners: How to Get Started

9. Considering Passive Income

As a fellow, you probably don’t have extra time to take on a side hustle. If you’re looking for ways to potentially boost your pay, consider looking into low-effort side hustles as sources of passive income, which can allow you to earn money without investing much time or energy.

Examples include renting out your room or car, wrapping your car in ads, or creating an online course. It may require some effort up front, but if you can increase your cash flow without working too much, it could be worth it.

10. Refinancing Your Student Loans

Dealing with student loans can be challenging when you’re living on a medical fellowship salary.

Refinancing your medical student loans is one way to help make your debt more manageable and potentially free up some extra cash.

When you refinance your loans—both federal and private student loans—with a private lender, you typically get a new loan at a new interest rate and/or a new term.

Depending on your situation, student loan refinancing can lower your monthly payment. Many online lenders consider a variety of factors when determining your eligibility and loan terms, including your educational background, earning potential, credit score, and other factors. Note: You may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.

Keep in mind that when refinancing with a private lender, you do give up the federal benefits that come with most federal student loans, such as deferment, forbearance, income-based repayment programs, and student loan forgiveness. If you plan on using those programs at any point in time, it is not recommended to refinance your federal student loans.

The Takeaway

Fellowships can be an excellent opportunity to hone in on your medical specialty of choice, but the relatively low salary may require some creative budgeting in order to keep expenses in line with income.

Some ideas to consider include creating a passive income stream, shopping smarter at the grocery store, establishing a realistic budget, and finding an affordable living situation.

If you decide it makes sense to refinance your student loans, consider SoFi. SoFi offers an easy online application, flexible loan terms, and competitive rates. They also offer $100 monthly payments for those in residency for up to 84 months.

See if you prequalify for student loan refinancing in just a few minutes.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
If you are a federal student loan borrower, you should consider all of your repayment opportunities including the opportunity to refinance your student loan debt at a lower APR or to extend your term to achieve a lower monthly payment. Please note that once you refinance federal student loans you will no longer be eligible for current or future flexible payment options available to federal loan borrowers, including but not limited to income-based repayment plans or extended repayment plans.


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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


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Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.

Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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What Is The Average Cost of Medical School?

The average cost of medical school is $230,296 in total, according to the Education Data Initiative. The yearly cost currently sits at $57,574, and we’re seeing an increase of $1,030 each year.

If you are currently pursuing or already in medical school, the expense is not something to be taken lightly. Almost 70 percent of medical students rely on student loans to help pay for medical school, and the average medical student graduates with just over $250,000 in total student loan debt (this includes debt from their undergraduate degree).

The average physician salary ranges from $194,000 to $250,000, with some specialties making close to $800,000 per year. While these numbers are well above the national average mean wage of $61,900 per year, paying for medical school and paying off medical school student loans is still no easy feat.

How to Pay for Medical School

With the average cost of medical school being well above six figures, finding a way to pay for it is one of the biggest hurdles future medical students face. By being proactive about finding ways to pay for medical school, you may be able to reduce your overall student debt load and save thousands of dollars in interest.

Scholarships

Scholarships aren’t always easy to get at the graduate level, but it’s not impossible. Some schools offer merit-based scholarships to incoming medical students who show exceptional academic capabilities and have a unique life experience. Students can also look into more individualized scholarships geared toward their location, specific area of study, or previous work experience.

Scholarships are offered by colleges and universities, businesses, local organizations, churches, and more. While it may take some time to find scholarships you qualify for and apply for them, the end result could save you thousands in medical school tuition expenses.

Military Service

Some medical professionals choose to obtain their medical degree by participating in a military physician program. The qualifications and commitment for each program vary, and the separate branches of the military, including the Army National Guard and Coast Guard, have different options.

The two options for medical students in the military are the Health Professions Scholarship Program and Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences. Both programs pay for the cost of medical school but require a service commitment once the student graduates.

Federal Financial Aid

The first step in getting federal student loans is to complete the Free Application for Student Aid (FAFSA®). Students can check with the medical school they plan to attend to get filing date requirements and information on institutional financial aid (aid given by the school).

There are three types of federal student aid:

•  Grants: Grants, such as the Pell Grant, do not have to be paid back unless the student withdraws from school and owes a refund. Grants are needs-based and the maximum amount for the 2023-2024 academic school year is $7,395.

•  Work-Study: Federal work-study jobs are needs-based and help students earn money to pay for school through part-time employment. A bonus for medical students is that the work often is tied to community service or may be related to the student’s course of study, so this type of job may be more interesting and manageable than some others.

•  Federal Loans: A student who borrowed money as an undergraduate and demonstrated financial need may have been awarded a Federal Direct Subsidized Loan to help cover school costs. Those loans are not available to students in graduate and professional school programs. However, medical students are eligible for other types of federal loans. They may receive a Direct Unsubsidized Loan, which is not based on financial need, or a Direct PLUS Loan, which, unlike other federal loans, will require a credit check.

Recommended: Comparing Subsidized vs. Unsubsidized Student Loans

Private Student Loans

Private student loans are usually used once federal student loans have been exhausted. Based on federal loan limits and the cost of medical schools, medical students may need additional funding. Certain private student loan lenders, including SoFi, allow borrowing up to 100% of the cost of attendance.

To get a private loan with a competitive interest rate, a borrower generally needs to have a strong credit profile and a low debt-to-income ratio. If a borrower doesn’t meet these qualifications, they may want to consider using a cosigner to qualify for a better rate.

Have a Budget Plan in Place

Finding the right resources to pay for medical school is important, but learning to live within a budget can also keep down the inevitable debt. Students who start with a spending plan as undergraduates may have it easier; they can probably modify what they’ve already been doing to work in medical school. But, it’s never too late to start budgeting.

Recommended: How to Create a Budget in 6 Steps

Once a student determines how much will be coming in from various sources (work, family, loans, scholarships, etc.), the next step is to list what will be going out for tuition and fees, housing, food, transportation, and other costs.

Next, it’s a good idea to see where you can cut back on spending. Is there inexpensive public transportation available? Will there be roommates to split rent and utility bills? Other ideas to reduce expenses include meal planning and cooking at home, canceling subscription services, buying in bulk, and working out at home.

By living on a budget while in school, throughout residency, and for your first few years as an attending physician, you can take out less in loans, pay off your student loans quicker, and set yourself up for financial success down the line.

How to Pay Off Medical School Debt

It’s no secret that physicians have the potential to earn a higher-than-average salary once they finish their residency and start practicing. Here are the average annual salaries of a variety of medical specialties:

•  Plastic Surgery: $619,000

•  Cardiology: $507,000

•  Radiology: $483,000

•  Anesthesiology: $448,000

•  General Surgery: $412,000

•  Emergency Medicine: $352,000

•  Ob/Gyn: $337,000

•  Family Medicine: $255,000

•  Pediatrics: $251,000

However, these are not earned until both medical school and residency (typically four years) are completed. Luckily, there are medical school loan repayment strategies that can be used without waiting for a big payday.

Loan Forgiveness and Repayment Through Service

There are several student loan forgiveness programs for physicians with student debt. Some are government-sponsored (federal and state), and some are private programs.

Benefits vary, but generally, participants provide service for two to four years (depending on the number of years they receive support) in exchange for repayment of student loans and possibly a stipend for living expenses.

One of the most common programs is the federal Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) program, which was designed to encourage students to enter full-time public service jobs.

While the program isn’t specifically aimed at medical students, it could help those who choose to forgo the promise of a big salary in exchange for the reward of working for a government or not-for-profit organization.

Eligible borrowers could receive forgiveness of the remaining balance of their federal direct loans after making 120 qualifying payments while employed by certain public service employers.

Another program is the National Health Service Corps (NHSC) Students to Service Loan Repayment Program , which provides loan repayment assistance in return for at least three years of service at an NHSC-approved site in a designated Health Professional Shortage Area. Students who are in their last year of medical or dental school may be eligible.

Federal Repayment Programs

There are several student loan repayment plans for federal student loan borrowers. Some are based on graduated payments that start low and increase over time, and they are designed to ensure the loans will be repaid after a designated period. Others, such as income-based repayment, are based on a percentage of discretionary income and family size.

Federal Loan Consolidation

A Direct Consolidation Loan allows borrowers to combine multiple federal education loans into one loan with a single monthly payment.

Consolidation also can give borrowers access to additional loan repayment plans and forgiveness programs. But there is a downside: The interest rate on the new loan will be a weighted average of prior loan rates (rounded up to the nearest one-eighth of a percentage), not necessarily a new lower rate.

If the monthly payment is lower, it’s probably because the loan term is longer, which means the borrower is paying more interest over time. Also, federal loan consolidation is only for federal loans—the borrower can’t include private student loans. The borrower does, however, keep federal protections and benefits with a Direct Consolidation Loan.

Private Student Loan Refinancing

With student loan refinancing, one or more student loans are combined into one new loan with one new payment, with a new and possibly lower interest rate.

Advantages of a student loan refinance include a possible lower monthly payment, but borrowers should be sure they are prepared to give up federal benefits that are no longer accessible if you refinance, including access to income-driven repayment plans and loan forgiveness. Note: You may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term.

Refinancing generally works best for borrowers who have improved their financial situation after graduation with a good job and solid credit profile.

The Takeaway

Medical school is an expensive endeavor, with the average cost being more than $200,000. Many students rely on savings, grants, scholarships, and student loans to pay for their medical education.

When it comes time to pay off those loans, there are many options new graduates can consider. These include federal repayment plans, student loan forgiveness, federal loan consolidation, and student loan refinancing. Those who opt to refinance to a possibly lower rate, though, must be aware that they will lose access to federal protections and benefits.

If you do choose to refinance your student loans, consider SoFi. It takes just two minutes to check your rate and your credit will not be impacted when you prequalify.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. Also, we offer competitive fixed and variable rates.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
If you are a federal student loan borrower, you should consider all of your repayment opportunities including the opportunity to refinance your student loan debt at a lower APR or to extend your term to achieve a lower monthly payment. Please note that once you refinance federal student loans you will no longer be eligible for current or future flexible payment options available to federal loan borrowers, including but not limited to income-based repayment plans or extended repayment plans.


SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Disclaimer: Many factors affect your credit scores and the interest rates you may receive. SoFi is not a Credit Repair Organization as defined under federal or state law, including the Credit Repair Organizations Act. SoFi does not provide “credit repair” services or advice or assistance regarding “rebuilding” or “improving” your credit record, credit history, or credit rating. For details, see the FTC’s website .

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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credit card transaction

Breaking Down the Different Types of Credit Cards

With so many credit card options out there, it may be hard to choose a new one.

Are you loyal to a particular airline or hotel chain? Perhaps you want to redeem credit card points as statement credits. Or you’re a big grocery or gasoline spender. Savvy consumers may be interested in innovative uses like paying down loan debt or investing. Is the interest rate important, an annual fee a dealbreaker?

If you can responsibly manage more than one credit card — and if you’re like most Americans, you have more than one — you can use different cards to optimize rewards (cash back, points, or miles), annual statement credits, and 0% and low introductory APR offers.

When deciding on a new credit card that is best for you, it boils down to two basic questions: What do you want from a card? And how strong is your financial history?

Here’s a glance at the credit card options available and provisos to consider.

Recommended: What Is the Average Credit Card Limit?

Rewards Credit Cards

If you are good about paying off your card every month and never incur interest, you might consider a rewards card. These cards may offer sign-up bonuses and give consumers rewards in the form of miles, cash back, or loyalty points.

There are variations on a theme, such as:

•  Bonus offer + 0% period for purchases

•  A set dollar amount in travel or bonus miles if you meet the initial spending requirements

•  Flat-rate cash back

•  Customizable rewards

A few cards offer an eye-opening 5% cash back in rotating categories, up to a limit (such as 5% back on $1,500 spent quarterly, after which all other purchases earn 1% cash back), and you’ll usually have to manually activate the offer each quarter.

But you can often lessen the work involved and earn more in total cashback rewards with a flat-rate cashback credit card, when all purchases earn the same amount.

Frequent travelers lured by premium travel rewards cards will want to weigh the perks against an annual fee of $450 to $550.

New reward offerings have bubbled up, such as allowing cardholders to put cash back toward loan payments, and are brewing, like increasing card acceptance for rent payments and offering cryptocurrency-related rewards.

When choosing a rewards card, think about your spending habits and redemption preferences, be aware of your credit score (these cards usually require a good score), and pay off your balance each month — rewards cards typically have higher APRs than balance transfer cards.

If you fall behind on payments or carry over balances, all the perks and rewards are unlikely to be worth it.

Recommended: What Is a Charge Card?

Cards for Those With Limited or Damaged Credit

For college students with little or no credit history, there are student credit cards.

If you don’t have great credit, there are also secured credit cards. Generally, they require a deposit from the user. A secured credit card functions like a normal credit card except that it has a backstop: The user puts up an amount of money that the issuer will then use if the cardholder defaults.

The lender offers a certain amount of credit based on the promise that the user will pay off the balance in full every month.

If your account is upgraded to an unsecured account, thanks to good habits, or is closed in good standing, your deposit is returned.

Both of these options can help someone build credit and could lead to a card with more perks if the holder is diligent about paying off the balance every month.

Then there’s at least one brand of card that considers an applicant’s banking history in lieu of their credit score, has no annual fee, and comes with rewards.

Recommended: Tips for Using a Credit Card Responsibly

Prepaid Debit Cards

A secured credit card is primarily intended for building credit, whereas a prepaid debit card is good for budgeting and convenience but does not affect your credit.

A prepaid debit card is preloaded with your own money, typically through direct deposit, cash or check deposits, or online transfers from a checking account.

The card is used for transactions until the money runs out. Since there is no line of credit, you cannot run up debt on the card.

This is a great option for a young person who needs to learn how money works or for adults with a bad credit history, though it will not improve their credit scores.

Credit Cards That Save You Money on Interest

If you’re prone to carry a balance month to month, you might want to consider a low-interest card. While these types of credit cards don’t come with bells and whistles like airport lounge access, it is the financially prudent option if you have an irregular income or you carry a balance each month.

It might be best to look for a card that offers an initial APR of 0% and then an ongoing low interest rate.

Keep in mind that low-interest credit cards usually require a good credit score to qualify. Generally, the better your credit score, the lower your interest rate. The lowest advertised APR isn’t always what an applicant gets.

Recommended: Does Applying for a Credit Card Hurt Your Credit Score?

Balance Transfer Credit Cards

If you are in credit card debt, a balance transfer credit card could help you pay off your debt at a lower interest rate.

Interest rates and terms vary widely with balance transfer credit cards. A balance transfer card will often come with a 0% APR introductory period, but once that ends, the interest rate shoots up.

It’s important to pay attention to the fine print if this is an option you’re considering.

The Takeaway

Choosing the most rewarding and suitable new credit card can become a research project. It’s best to think about your spending habits, needs, credit history, APR, any annual fee, and perks.

Whether you're looking to build credit, apply for a new credit card, or save money with the cards you have, it's important to understand the options that are best for you. Learn more about credit cards by exploring this credit card guide.



Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Everything You Need to Know About Insider Trading

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Insider Trading

Insider trading is illegal trading in financial markets using confidential (or “insider”) information to the investor’s own advantage—and it can be a criminal offense in the investments market.

Trading specialists have outlined the term “confidential information” as material information about an investment vehicle (like a stock) that is not available to other investors. That insider knowledge can tilt the playing field in favor of the recipient, leading to an imbalanced trading landscape that investment industry regulators rigorously attempt to keep fair and balanced.

History of U.S. Insider Trading Laws

Insider trading rules and regulations in the U.S. date back to the early 1900s, when the U.S Supreme Court ruled against a corporate executive who bought company stock based on insider information. The ruling, based on common law statutes long used by the United Kingdom, laid the path for Congress to pass a law prohibiting sales security fraud (the 1933 Securities Act of 1933) that was further solidified by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Those laws not only prohibited the profit of securities invested tied to insider information, they also largely blocked quick turnaround trading profits by an investor who owned more than 10 percent of a company stock.

Fast forward to 1984, when Congress passed the Trading Sanctions Act, and 1988, and the passage of the Securities Fraud Enforcement Act of 1988, which set financial penalties of three times the amount of income accumulated from insider trading, further clarifying the definition and rules surrounding insider trading.

Examples of Insider Trading

Despite the blanket term of “insider trading”, the practice can manifest itself in myriad ways. Broadly, anyone at all who steals, misappropriates, or otherwise gathers confidential data or information, and uses it to profit on changes in a company’s stock price, might be investigated for insider trading.

Here are some common examples:

•  A company executive, employee, or board member who trades a corporation’s stock after being made aware of a particular business development could be engaging in insider trading. “Insider” developments like the sale of the firm, positive or negative earnings numbers, a company scandal or significant data breach, or other piece of information that would likely sway the company’s stock price could be construed by regulators as insider trading.
•  Any associates—like friends, family, or co-workers—of the above execs employees, or board members, who also trade on private information not available to the investing public, may be targeted for insider trading.
•  Executives and staffers of any company that provided products or services to a company that obtains information about a significant corporate move that would likely sway the firm’s stock price could be trading on “inside” news. Think of a bank, brokerage firm, or printing company that might have knowledge of company news before it is released to the investing public, and who uses that knowledge to profit from the information.
•  Local, city, state, or federal government managers and employees who may come across sensitive and private information on a company that’s not available publicly, and use that knowledge to profit from a change in the company’s stock price, could be involved with insider trading.

The above examples are among the most egregious insider trading scenarios, and are also more likely to become an enforcement priority for government regulators.

Is Insider Trading Ever Legal?

There are scenarios where what is technically considered “insider trading” is in fact legal under federal regulatory statutes.

For instance, anyone employed by a company falls under the definition of an insider trader. But as long as all stock transactions involving the company are registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in advance, any employee stock transaction is perfectly legal.

That’s the case whether a rank-and-file employee buys 100 shares of company stock or if the chief executive officer buys back shares of the firm’s stock—even if that more high-profile trading activity significantly swings the company’s share price.

Who Enforces Insider Trading Rules?

Insider trading enforcement measures operate under the larger umbrella of the U.S. government.

Like any criminal case, the sequence of enforcement events may begin with an investigation, a review of the investigation’s results by government regulators, an arrest and arraignment, a court case in front of a judge, and incarceration in the penal system (or regular review by a probation officer if the charge results in a more lenient sentence).

How Insider Trading is Investigated

Insider trading investigations usually start on the firm level before the SEC gets involved. Self-regulating industry organizations like the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) or the National Association of Financial Planners (NAPF), for example, may also come across illegal trading practices and pass the lead on to federal authorities.

It’s also not uncommon for insider trading practices to be revealed by government agencies other than the SEC. For example, the FBI may run into insider trading activity while pursuing a completely separate investigation, and pass on the tip to the SEC.

When the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) investigates potential insider trading cases, they do so using multiple investigatory methods:

Surveillance. The SEC has multiple surveillance tools to root out insider trading violations. Tracking big variations in a company’s trading history (especially around key dates like earnings calls, changes in executive leadership, and when a company buys another firm or is bought out itself) is a common way for federal regulators to uncover insider trading.

Tipsters. Investors aware of insider information, especially those who lose money on insider trades, often provide valuable leads and tips on insider trading occurrences. This often occurs in the equity options market, where trade values increase significantly with each transaction, and where stock prices can especially be vulnerable to big price swings after suspicious trading activity in the stock options marketplace.

If, for example, a trader with inside information uses it to buy company stock or to buy an option call for profit, the party on the other side of the trade, who may stand to lose significant cash on the trade, may alert the SEC that profiteering via inside information may be taking place. In that scenario, the SEC will likely appoint an investigator to follow up on the tip and see if insider trading did occur.

Company whistleblowers. Another common alert that insider trading is occurring comes from company whistleblowers who speak up when company employees or managers with unique access to company trading patterns seem to be benefitting from those price swings.

What Happens in an Insider Trading Investigation

When federal regulators are made aware of securities fraud from insider trading, they may launch an investigation run by the SEC’s Division of Enforcement. In that investigation . . .

•  Witnesses are contacted and interviewed.
•  Trading records are reviewed, with a close eye on trading patterns around the time of potential insider trading activity.
•  Phone and computer records are subpoenaed, and if needed, wiretaps are used to gain information from potential insider trading targets.
•  Once the investigation is complete, the investigation team presents its findings to an SEC review board, which can decide on a fine and other penalties (like suspension of trading privileges and cease-and-desist orders) or opt to take its case to federal court.
•  After the court hears the case and decides on the merits, any party accused of insider trading is expected to abide by the court ruling and the case is ended.

Penalties for Insider Trading

An individual convicted of insider trading can face both a prison sentence and civil and criminal fines—up to 20 years and as much as $5 million. Additionally, civil penalties may include fines of up to three times the profit gained or loss avoided as a result of the insider trading violation.

Companies that commit insider trading can face civil and criminal fines. The maximum fine for an entity whose securities are publicly traded that has been found guilty of insider trading is $25 million.

The Takeaway

Insider trading—executing a trade based on knowledge that has not been made public—is a serious offense and can lead to severe punishment, including jail time and heavy fines.

That’s all for good reason, as restrictions on insider trading help ensure a balanced financial trading market environment—one that accommodates fair trading opportunities for all market participants.

Investing shouldn’t be complicated. SoFi Invest® online trading accounts offer an active investing solution that allow members to choose assets such as stocks and ETFs, as well as an automated investing solution that invests around your goals and risk.

Find out how to get started with SoFi Invest.


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