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How Is Income-Driven Repayment Calculated?

Editor's Note: For the latest developments regarding federal student loan debt repayment, check out our student debt guide.

After graduation and your six-month federal student loan grace period, it’ll be time to start paying your dues. If you are on the Standard Repayment Plan, you’ll pay at least $50 a month for 10 years. But there are other ways to pay back your student loans: through income-driven repayment plans.

Not all of these plans have the same repayment strategy, and not all federal loans qualify for income-driven repayment. We’ll help you find the one that aligns with your financial situation before you commit.

How Does Income-Driven Repayment Work?

The U.S. Department of Education offers four income-driven repayment (IDR) plans for holders of federal student loans:

•   Income-Based Repayment (IBR)

•   Income-Contingent Repayment (ICR)

•   Pay As You Earn (PAYE) Plan

•   Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) Plan

For most IDR plans, your monthly payment is calculated as a portion of your discretionary income. The Department of Education defines discretionary income as your adjusted gross income in excess of a protected amount.

Discretionary income under the SAVE Plan, for example, is any adjusted gross income you have above 225% of the federal poverty guideline appropriate to your family size. You’ll have a $0 monthly payment under the SAVE Plan if your annual income doesn’t exceed the protected amount of $32,805 for a single borrower and $67,500 for a family of four in 2023.

If you don’t qualify for a $0 monthly payment on the SAVE Plan, your monthly payment beginning in July 2024 will be set at 5% of discretionary income for undergraduate loans, 10% for graduate loans, and a weighted average if you have both.

On the IBR plan, your monthly payment is typically set at 10% to 15% of your discretionary income above 150% of the federal poverty guideline appropriate to your family size. But unlike the SAVE Plan, a borrower’s monthly payment on the IBR plan will never be more than what you would have paid through the Standard Repayment Plan.

IDR Loan Forgiveness

All federal IDR plans can end with your remaining loan balance being forgiven after 20 or 25 years, but some borrowers may receive forgiveness sooner under the SAVE Plan. Beginning in July 2024, federal student loan borrowers with original principal balances of less than $12,000 can have their remaining loan balance forgiven after 10 years of monthly qualifying payments on the SAVE Plan.

For more details on federal IDR debt relief benefits, check out our Guide to Student Loan Forgiveness.

Your personal circumstances and goals may dictate which student loan repayment plan is right for you. You can estimate how much your monthly payments will be through the federal Loan Simulator calculator.


💡 Quick Tip: Ready to refinance your student loan? You could save thousands.

The Difference Between Income-Driven Repayment Plans

Deciding which IDR plan is right for you (and that you may qualify for) depends on your financial situation and your loan type(s). Here’s what they all mean:

•   IBR (Income-Based Repayment). This plan is based on your income and family size. The potential IBR payment must be less than what you would pay under the Standard Repayment Plan to qualify. Any remaining balance is forgiven after 20 or 25 years.

•   ICR (Income-Contingent Repayment). Under this plan, your monthly payment is adjusted based on your income (sometimes set at 20% of your discretionary income above 100% of the federal poverty guideline appropriate to your family size). It might not lower your payments as much as other plans, but it’s the only IDR plan that allows Parent PLUS Loans. Any remaining balance is forgiven after 25 years.

•   PAYE (Pay As You Earn). With this plan, you’ll never pay more than the fixed Standard Repayment Plan amount. Payments are typically set at 10% of your discretionary income above 150% of the federal poverty guideline appropriate to your family size. Any remaining balance after 20 years of payments is forgiven.

•   SAVE (Saving on a Valuable Education). This IDR plan replaced the former REPAYE Plan. Anyone with qualifying student loans can enroll into the SAVE Plan. However, you could end up paying more per month under this plan than the Standard Repayment Plan. You’ll have a $0 monthly payment under the SAVE Plan if your annual income falls below 225% of the federal poverty guideline appropriate to your family size.

Alternatives to Income-Driven Repayment Plans

The 2023 debt ceiling bill officially ended the three-year Covid-19 forbearance, requiring federal student loan interest accrual to resume on Sept. 1, 2023, and payments to resume in October 2023.

Aside from the Standard Repayment Plan, there are a few options to consider instead of IDR:

Consolidation

If you have federal student loans, you can get a Direct Consolidation Loan. This will move all your eligible federal student loans into one monthly payment. Your new interest rate is the weighted average of all your loans, rounded up to the nearest eighth of a percent.

This can be helpful if you have many smaller loans that each have a minimum monthly payment. It typically won’t lower your monthly payment, however, but it can make it manageable and easier to keep track of. Only federal loans are eligible for a Direct Consolidation Loan.

Refinancing

Refinancing is similar to consolidation. You get one loan to replace all of your other loans, but it’s a new loan with a new interest rate from a private lender or bank. Your credit report and other personal financial factors are considered to see if you’re a responsible borrower. If you previously had a co-borrower, such as a parent, you can look into refinancing without a cosigner.

Many lenders allow you to refinance all of your student loans, not just federal student loans. So if you have a mix of private student loans and federal student loans, refinancing will create one new loan with one payment to replace them.

If you qualify for a lower interest rate and a shorter term, it could reduce the amount of money paid in interest over the life of the loan. You may pay more interest over the life of the loan if you refinance with an extended term. You can explore different scenarios with our Student Loan Refinance Calculator.

You may ask, “Should I refinance my federal student loans?” Refinancing federal student loans with a private lender forfeits your access to Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF), Teacher Loan Forgiveness, and federal IDR plans. You can weigh the pros and cons when determining whether student loan refinancing is right for you.


💡 Quick Tip: Refinancing could be a great choice for working graduates who have higher-interest graduate PLUS loans, Direct Unsubsidized Loans, and/or private loans.

How Do You Calculate Income for an Income-Driven Plan?

The Department of Education considers three different components when calculating a borrower’s income. While this may seem needlessly complicated, it actually benefits borrowers:

Annual Income

Any income that’s taxable counts toward the Education Department’s calculation. That means regular wages, plus interest and dividends from savings and investments, unemployment benefits, etc. On the flip side, any income that isn’t taxed doesn’t count: gifts and inheritances, cash rebates from retailers, child support payments, and so on.

Spouse’s Income

If you and your spouse file a joint tax return, then their income must also be factored in. If you file separately, only your income counts.

Family Size

Your family size is the number of people who live with you and receive more than half their support from you. This includes children but also dependent adults, such as an older parent.

The Takeaway

There are four income-driven repayment plans for federal student loan holders, including IBR, ICR, PAYE, and SAVE. No new PAYE enrollments will occur after July 1, 2024, although current PAYE enrollees can remain on the plan after that date.

Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.


With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
If you are a federal student loan borrower, you should consider all of your repayment opportunities including the opportunity to refinance your student loan debt at a lower APR or to extend your term to achieve a lower monthly payment. Please note that once you refinance federal student loans you will no longer be eligible for current or future flexible payment options available to federal loan borrowers, including but not limited to income-based repayment plans or extended repayment plans.


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SoFi Private Student Loans
Please borrow responsibly. SoFi Private Student Loans are not a substitute for federal loans, grants, and work-study programs. You should exhaust all your federal student aid options before you consider any private loans, including ours. Read our FAQs. SoFi Private Student Loans are subject to program terms and restrictions, and applicants must meet SoFi’s eligibility and underwriting requirements. See SoFi.com/eligibility-criteria for more information. To view payment examples, click here. SoFi reserves the right to modify eligibility criteria at any time. This information is subject to change.


External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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What Is a Freelancer?

What Is a Freelancer? Guide to Freelancing

A freelancer is a self-employed worker who provides services for a client or multiple clients as an individual contractor. Freelancers typically have flexible hours, work remotely, and can be involved in as many or as few projects as they would like. Think about people you may know who provide social-media consulting for a few businesses, drive an Uber, or take catering gigs. All of them are freelancers.

Because freelancers are not employees, however, they do not receive typical work benefits like health insurance and paid time off. They are also subject to self-employment tax and are responsible for paying taxes entirely on their own.

Are you committed to being a freelancer or just curious about how it works? In this piece, you’ll get the answers you need to move ahead, including:

•  What is a freelancer?

•  How does freelancing work?

•  What are common types of freelancers?

•  What are the pros and cons of freelancing?

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What Is Freelancing?

So what does freelancing mean? Freelancing is when a self-employed individual offers professional services to a company in exchange for payment. Unlike a traditional employee, the freelancer can set their own rates and hours. They can work for one or multiple companies.

In exchange for this flexibility, freelancers must be prepared to fund their own benefits like health insurance. They also typically pay their own taxes which are potentially higher.

Some people freelance as their sole source of income. If they work on a large or long-term project, you may hear the term “independent contractor” used (you’ll learn more about different terminology below).

However, it is possible to freelance on top of a regular salaried or hourly position. Such freelance work is commonly referred to as a side hustle or side gig and can help people bring in more cash.

Recommended: 15 Low-Cost Side Hustles

How Does Freelancing Work?

Now that you know the answer to “What is freelancing,” here’s more detail on how this kind of employment works. Freelancers make money by selling a service to another individual or company (i.e., a client). Typically, freelancers and their clients will enter into a contract with one another that specifies the nature of the work, the duration of the professional relationship, and the payment for services rendered.

After completing the work, a freelancer will usually submit an invoice to the client, who will then pay the freelancer by a predetermined method (direct deposit, paper check, peer-to-peer transfer, etc.). During tax season, a freelancer will receive an IRS 1099 composite form from each client instead of a W-2. This form will detail the total compensation the freelancer earned from the client.

Because freelancers are self-employed, they are solely responsible for paying federal, state, and local taxes on all earned income. In addition to paying what an employee would traditionally have withheld from their paycheck, a freelancer must also pay what an employer usually contributes toward taxes (typically Social Security and Medicare taxes). And because there is no steady paycheck from which funds are being withheld for taxes, freelancers are responsible for paying quarterly estimated taxes to avoid a penalty from the IRS.

If you decide to become a freelancer, it is a good idea to work with a certified accountant to ensure you are handling your taxes correctly. Not only can an accountant help you with quarterly taxes, but they can also point out important freelancer tax deductions you can be taking.

Recommended: Passive Income Options

Common Fields for Freelancing

Traditionally, freelancers have been thought of as roles like writers, photographers, consultants, and coaches. But today’s gig economy has broadened the definition of freelance work. Rideshare drivers, dog walkers, and online tutors — these just scratch the surface of jobs one can do as a freelancer.

In terms of what a freelancer is specifically, take a look at some common fields and roles:

•  Editorial

◦  Copywriters

◦  Journalists

◦  Bloggers

◦  Proofreaders

◦  Editors

•  Creative

◦  Graphic designers

◦  Photographers

◦  Podcasters

◦  Vloggers

◦  Animators

◦  Videographers

◦  Social media influencers

◦  Musicians

•  IT and Development

◦  Web developers

◦  Mobile developers

◦  Software developers

•  Admin

◦  Virtual assistants

◦  Transcribers

◦  Administrative assistants

•  Financial and Legal

◦  Accountants

◦  Bookkeepers

◦  Tax preparers

◦  Lawyers

•  Sales and Marketing

◦  Social media marketers

◦  Public relations specialists

◦  Digital advertisers

◦  SEO marketers

•  Consultants

◦  Business consultants

◦  Medical consultants

◦  Legal consultants

•  Gig Economy

◦  Delivery drivers

◦  Rideshare drivers

◦  Dog walkers

◦  Babysitters

◦  House cleaners

◦  Fitness instructors

The important thing to remember: Most of these jobs can be done as an actual employee, and many other jobs not listed here can now be done by freelancers. Many businesses rely on a healthy mix of freelancers and independent contractors to achieve success.

Recommended: How to Make Money Through Social Media

Types of Freelancers

You may hear different terms used and wonder what does freelancing mean exactly? Are independent contractors and freelancers the same thing? Here, the answer to that question as well as clarity on some other phrases you may encounter that describe this kind of work:

1.   Independent contractor: Most freelancers are independent contractors. They provide their services to multiple clients and companies, as specified by the contracts they agree to. An independent contractor may do a short, one-off project with a client, but it tends to be used (as noted above) when one is contracted to provide a service on an ongoing basis or does a larger scale project.

2.   Part-time freelancer: People who hold down a full-time job but make extra money on the side — like a weekend wedding photographer or a doctor who does some medical consulting with clients — are considered part-time freelancers.

3.   Small business owners: Some freelancers may earn enough work that they need to hire actual employees to keep up with it. For example, a freelance writer may attract enough clients to eventually form an agency.

4.   Temporary workers: Individuals who find temporary work, often through a temp agency, are considered freelancers. Sometimes, businesses need to fill a full-time role but only for a set number of months or years, like to cover for a full-time employee’s parental leave. The contracted worker who temporarily fills that role is also considered a freelancer but may enjoy some company benefits during their tenure, depending on contract specifics.

Recommended: 5 Ways to Achieve Financial Security

Tips on Becoming a Freelancer

Thinking about becoming a freelancer? The following tips may help you find success:

•  Finding clients: Before quitting a full-time job with steady income and benefits, it’s a good idea to have some clients as a freelancer. Many freelancers start out part-time and transition to full-time freelancers once they have enough steady work.

•  Understanding the financial implications: Knowing how you will pay taxes as a freelancer is an important requirement before transitioning into this career. It’s also wise to have a plan for health insurance, disability insurance, and other benefits that you may be losing by transitioning out of full-time work.

•  Staying organized: Having an organizational system to keep track of clients, projects, communication, and deadlines can be crucial. Successful freelancers often make their own work schedule with standard hours and stick to it, even if no one else is holding them accountable.

•  Networking: Word-of-mouth referrals are a great way to earn business as a freelancer; networking on sites like LinkedIn and in person with potential clients and others in your field is a great strategy. Depending on your line of work, having a website and portfolio advertising your services can make it easier to win new business.
Feeling unsure about the transition to independent contractor? Consider researching and following some financial planning tips for freelancers.

Recommended: Retirement Options for the Self-Employed

Pros of Freelancing

Freelancers enjoy plenty of perks, including:

•  Setting your own rates: As a freelancer, you can determine how much you’ll charge a client per project or hour. Just remember that if you set the price too high, companies may go with another contractor.

•  Setting your own hours: You can also work as much or as little as you’d like — and at the time of day you’d prefer. You don’t have to ask for permission to go to the grocery store, take a mental health day, or go to yoga class in the morning.

•  Diversifying your client list to keep work interesting: You can choose which clients you work with and have more freedom to define your job responsibilities.

•  Flexible time off: Freelancers may not get paid for their time off, but as long as you fulfill contractual obligations to clients, you can take vacation (or just lazy days) whenever you like.

•  Freedom from regular meetings and office politics: While freelancers may hop on a call or meet up with a client for lunch on occasion, there is typically more freedom to do the actual work instead of sitting through unnecessary meetings. This may not apply to some freelancers, like consultants.

•  Remote work: Most freelancers are able to work on the go or from a home office.

Cons of Freelancing

But there are also downsides to freelancing, like:

•  Lack of company-paid benefits: Freelancers are responsible for getting their own health insurance and can’t count on a company’s 401(k) match. (That’s where the solo 401(k) comes in!) Freelancers also won’t get paid while they’re on vacation.

•  Higher and more complicated taxes: If you’re self-employed, you’ll need to cover some taxes beyond those you would pay as a traditional employee. Freelancers must also pay their taxes quarterly to avoid fines from the IRS.

•  Less job security: Because freelancers are not employees, it is easier for a company to sever ties. Freelance work is sometimes on a per-project basis, so as a freelancer, you may need to spend a significant portion of your time just trying to market your services to find more work.

•  Lack of steady income: As a freelancer, you might not be able to depend on the same amount of money every week; it can vary by the type and amount of projects you take on. This can make it more challenging to build a monthly budget.

•  Loneliness: Working from a home office as a freelancer can be isolating. If you feed off other people’s energy and really enjoy networking and socializing with coworkers, you may find that freelancing isn’t right for you.

•  The constant need for “hustling”: Workers who do an average job might be able to skate by as a traditional employee and still earn a paycheck. To turn a profit as a freelancer, you must constantly impress clients with high-quality work and no missed deadlines. Otherwise, they might look elsewhere.

Here’s a look at the pros and cons of freelancing in chart form:

Pros of Freelancing

Cons of Freelancing

•   Set your own rates

•   Set your own hours

•   Choose your clients

•   Have flexibility with time off

•   Avoid meetings and office politics

•   Can work remotely

•   Don’t get benefits

•   Must cover more taxes

•   Lack job security

•   Don’t receive steady paycheck

•   May be lonely

•   Must constantly be pitching new work

Banking With SoFi

Freelancers rely on many tools to turn a profit, including a bank account that puts their hard-earned money to work. If you sign up for an online bank account with SoFi, you’ll enjoy a suite of tools that makes organizing your earnings, spending, and saving super convenient. Plus you’ll earn a hyper competitive interest rate and pay no monthly fees, so your money can grow faster.

Better banking is here with SoFi, NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Checking Account Overall. Enjoy up to 4.60% APY on SoFi Checking and Savings.

FAQ

Is freelancing better suited for full-time or part-time?

Many freelancers are able to turn their work for a client or clients into a full-time career. If you are just starting out, it might be a good idea to freelance part-time and then transition to full-time if you feel confident that you can sustain a freelance career.

What skills are necessary for freelancing?

Beyond the actual job skills required by whatever field you’re freelancing in, being a successful freelancer requires several key skills, including:

•  Excellent communication

•  Strong organization

•  A commitment to deadlines

•  The ability to network

•  A solid understanding of finances.

Is freelancing difficult?

Freelancing can be difficult: You won’t enjoy employer-sponsored benefits, you’ll have to pay self-employment taxes, and you’ll need to “hustle” to win clients — and then deliver impressive work that convinces clients to keep you around. That said, freelancing offers freedom and flexibility and can be lucrative if your business is successful.


Photo credit: iStock/AleksandarNakic

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Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.

SoFi members with Qualifying Deposits can earn 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Qualifying Deposits means one or more deposits that, in the aggregate, are equal to or greater than $5,000 to an account holder’s SoFi Checking and Savings account (“Qualifying Deposits”) during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Qualifying Deposits only include those deposits from the following eligible sources: (i) ACH transfers, (ii) inbound wire transfers, (iii) peer-to-peer transfers (i.e., external transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc. and internal peer-to-peer transfers from a SoFi account belonging to another account holder), (iv) check deposits, (v) instant funding to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, (vi) push payments to your SoFi Bank Debit Card, and (vii) cash deposits. Qualifying Deposits do not include: (i) transfers between an account holder’s Checking account, Savings account, and/or Vaults; (ii) interest payments; (iii) bonuses issued by SoFi Bank or its affiliates; or (iv) credits, reversals, and refunds from SoFi Bank, N.A. (“SoFi Bank”) or from a merchant.

SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.

SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.

Members without either Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits, as determined by SoFi Bank, during a 30-Day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, will earn 1.20% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances.

Interest rates are variable and subject to change at any time. These rates are current as of 10/24/2023. There is no minimum balance requirement. Additional information can be found at https://www.sofi.com/legal/banking-rate-sheet.

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7 Top Self-Employed Jobs for Parents in 2022

7 Top Self-Employed Jobs for Parents in 2024

Many busy parents find that a traditional 9-to-5 job isn’t the best option while they’re raising young children. Working for yourself can provide more flexibility and control, as well as better work-life balance. But there are trade-offs.

Let’s take a look at some of the best self-employed jobs in 2024. We’ll also provide tips on finding a self-employed job that helps support a family’s needs.

What Jobs Are Considered Self-Employed Jobs?

At one time, self-employed business people typically worked out of a storefront or office with a small staff. Today, many self-employed individuals work from home with no employees. They deliberately keep their operation small to maintain flexibility in their schedule (and keep overhead costs down). Solo entrepreneurs usually have a strong background in a specific service they can offer to clients, such as accounting, marketing, or graphic design.

There are a number of different ways self-employed workers get paid. For instance, they may identify as an independent contractor when they work for larger businesses. They can also start a sole proprietorship or a partnership with another entrepreneur.

Because of the amount of time spent attracting and communicating with clients, self-employment may not be the best choice of job for antisocial people.


💡 Quick Tip: Online tools make tracking your spending a breeze: You can easily set up budgets, then get instant updates on your progress, spot upcoming bills, analyze your spending habits, and more.

Examples of Self-Employed Jobs for Parents

Self-employed jobs can be logistical, analytical, creative, or involve a skilled trade. Parents may pursue self-employed work as a freelance writer or a lawyer. As long as the work can be done independently, there’s virtually no limit to the type of services someone can offer when working for themselves.

Recommended: Best On-Campus Jobs

Tips to Finding Self-Employed Jobs for Parents in 2024

Parents who are considering self-employment should first ask themselves these questions:

•   How much do I hope to make per hour?

•   How many hours per week do I want to work?

•   What is my strongest skill set?

•   What services can I offer based on that skill set?

Parents have two options for pursuing work. They can apply for posted contract or freelance roles that seem like a good fit for their skills and scheduling needs. Or they can advertise their services and work on attracting clients.

Difficulties Parents Can Encounter When Looking for Self-Employed Jobs

One element of self-employment that many people struggle with is making the transition to boss. Parents who have a lot of responsibilities on their plate may find it especially hard to create a structured workday, or to make time between projects to source new clients.

Many self-employed people find it tough to promote themselves or set appropriate rates. Another money challenge: budgeting with a fluctuating income.

All of these things get easier over time, but the early days of self-employment can be challenging. If money management is a concern for you, check out these financial planning tips for freelancers.

Recommended: Does Net Worth Include Home Equity?

Pros and Cons of Self-Employed Jobs for Parents

There are advantages and disadvantages to working for oneself.

Pros of Self-employment

Cons of Self-employment

•   Flexible schedule

•   Work from home — or wherever you work best

•   Choose clients you enjoy working with

•   Inconsistent income makes budget planning hard

•   Sourcing clients is time consuming

•   No paid sick days, vacation, bereavement, or parental leave

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7 Self-Employed Jobs for Parents

What are the best self-employed jobs? The fact is, what’s best for one parent may not be right for another. Consider a broad range of possibilities before you settle on one. The following jobs were chosen because they offer flexibility and high wages.

1. Business Consultant

Average hourly pay: $37

A business consultant helps other businesses improve a select area of their business (such as their marketing department) or their business as a whole. Consultants can provide support to sales, finance, operations, HR, IT, and other areas. While business consultants can book time to work with clients in a way that fits their schedule, they will often need to do so during business hours since so much of their work involves client communications.

Requirements: Bachelor’s degree, master’s degree (preferred), or a certification from a business consultant association.

Schedule Flexibility [1-5]: 3

Duties:

•   Advising clients

•   Creating business plans

•   Improving employee performance

2. Software Developer

Average hourly pay: $37

Software developers write and test code for clients when creating systems software, apps, video games, and other products. Many clients need temporary or ongoing support in this area, which can provide software developers with a lot of flexibility. Developer roles usually appear on lists of ideal jobs for introverts.

Requirements: Knowledge of programming languages.

Schedule Flexibility [1-5]: 4

Duties:

•   Writing code

•   Testing code

•   Project planning

3. Virtual Assistant

Average hourly pay: $34

Supporting clients as an administrative assistant virtually. Because so much of this work can be done via email, and immediate responses aren’t expected, virtual assistants can often choose their own hours.

Requirements: Office skills

Schedule Flexibility [1-5]: 4

Duties:

•   Scheduling calls

•   Providing email support

•   Booking travel plans

4. Editor

Average hourly pay: $31

Editors polish writing projects across a variety of industries and media formats. This work can be done independently from home, but may require virtual meetings during traditional office hours.

Requirements: Bachelor’s degree and industry experience.

Schedule Flexibility [1-5]: 4

Duties:

•   Writing copy

•   Editing copy

•   Mentoring writers

5. Copywriter

Average hourly pay: $28

Similar to editors, copywriters can work from home and do their work independently. Many writers are hired on a freelance basis, which gives them the option of taking on more projects when they have the time.

Requirements: Bachelor’s degree and industry experience.

Schedule Flexibility [1-5]: 4

Duties:

•   Crafting headlines

•   Writing technical guides

•   Creative writing

6. Web Designer

Average hourly pay: $35

Web designers create websites for clients from scratch, update existing website designs, and provide ongoing website support. This work can be done independently, but does require meeting with project stakeholders during business hours.

Requirements: Knowledge of design programs, and HTML and CSS programing languages.

Schedule Flexibility [1-5]: 3

Duties:

•   Build and design websites

•   Enhance user interface (UI) and user experience (UX)

•   Bring client’s vision to life

7. Career Coach

Average hourly pay: $24

Working as a career coach can create really flexible working hours for parents because many clients want to book sessions on nights and weekends when they aren’t working.

Requirements: Bachelor’s degree or master’s degree (preferred)

Schedule Flexibility [1-5]: 5

Duties:

•   Advising clients on job search process

•   Helping clients plan career trajectory

•   Resume consulting


💡 Quick Tip: Income, expenses, and life circumstances can change. Consider reviewing your budget a few times a year and making any adjustments if needed.

The Takeaway

Being self-employed can be very rewarding — especially for parents. Working for yourself can make it possible to have flexible working hours and to work from home. Almost any service can be offered on a freelance or consulting basis. The key is to evaluate your skills and give yourself time to build a client base.

Challenges may include creating your own workday structure, making time for administrative tasks that aren’t billable, no paid time off, and a fluctuating income. Before making the leap into self-employment, it can be helpful to take a good hard look at the family’s financial situation.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

SoFi helps you stay on top of your finances.

FAQ

How can a stay-at-home mom make money in 2024?

There are plenty of ways a stay-at-home mom can earn an income from home in 2024. One popular option for busy moms who need a flexible schedule is working as a virtual assistant on a part-time basis. These roles make it possible to work from home during times when children are napping or at school.

What is the best job to have as a parent?

There is no one best job for a parent to have, but there are some very desirable traits that appeal to most parents. Moms and dads are likely to value job opportunities that have flexible schedules, are remote, and have a high enough wage to support a family.

What job can I do from home with a baby

Nowadays, many job opportunities are remote, which can make it possible for people to work from home with a baby. Some parents may choose to create their own job by going the self-employed route. Others may pursue careers as a virtual assistant, bookkeeper, copywriter, web designer, or another role that they can perform from home.


Photo credit: iStock/pixdeluxe

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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8 Great Flexible Part-time Jobs in 2022 for Gen Z and Millennials

8 Great Flexible Part-time Jobs in 2024 for Gen Z and Millennials

Flexibility can be a real asset in a career. Maybe you’re young and figuring out your post-graduation path. Or you’re busy balancing the demands of running a home and caring for a family. Or you’re an athlete who needs plenty of time for training and recovery.

There are lots of flexible-schedule jobs out there, if you know where to look. Let’s check out some part-time jobs with flexible schedules.

What It Means for a Job to Have a Flexible Schedule

Whether you’re in college or caring for children or pursuing an unpaid passion, there are many reasons why someone would want some flexibility in their career.

But what does a flexible schedule mean exactly? According to the U.S. Department of Labor, a flexible schedule is one that allows people to work outside traditional 9 to 5 office hours. Aside from that, situations vary depending on the role and employer.

Workers may be able to choose the time they arrive at and depart work, for instance. With certain flexible work policies, employees still have to work a set number of hours per pay period or be available during a daily “core time.” So while the employee may not have to show up at 9am on the dot and leave at exactly 5pm, they may need to at least show up by 11am and stay until after 3pm. However, this type of shortened schedule could work for many people, including parents who are self-employed.


💡 Quick Tip: We love a good spreadsheet, but not everyone feels the same. An online budget planner can give you the same insight into your budgeting and spending at a glance, without the extra effort.

Tips for Finding a Flexible Part-time Job in 2024

Flexible part-time jobs can be logistical, analytical, creative, or involve a skilled trade. When it comes time to search for flexible-schedule jobs, keep in mind these tips.

•   Stay focused. Job applicants who know what they’re looking for and what they can offer an employer can plan a more effective job search. If someone knows they have to have a flexible part-time schedule in order to accept a job, they can save a lot of time and energy by only applying for jobs that offer that. Trying to convince an employer to change their staffing plans is an uphill battle.

•   Prepare to hear No. Know that it will take a while to find the right fit, and that rejection is a normal part of any job search. Psychologically preparing yourself can help you persevere until the right job comes along.

•   Don’t be a square peg. If a flexible part-time schedule is what matters most, you may need to be flexible yourself in other areas. For example, accept that you may need to compromise on title, salary, or industry. Giving up the highest-paying job for one with a more relaxed schedule can be worth it.

•   Go remote. Work-from-home jobs with flexible schedules can often be easier to find than on-site jobs that have flexible schedules. When reviewing online job boards, look for flexible schedule remote jobs.

Recommended: Does Net Worth Include Home Equity?

Why It Can Be Difficult to Find Part-time Jobs With Flexible Schedules

It can be difficult to find flexible-schedule part-time jobs because many jobs require being in a certain location at a certain time. For example, a hairstylist has to show up for work when they have appointments scheduled. A restaurant has to know they have enough servers on hand during operating hours. Even a corporate job where some work can be done remotely and independently can require being online during set times so that it’s easy to communicate with coworkers.

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Great Part-Time Jobs With Flexible Schedules

Perhaps someone wants to take on a second job to help them pay down their debt or save for a dream vacation. Whatever the reason, it’s easy to see the appeal of a part-time job with a flexible schedule.

While there are countless part-time jobs on the market that can suit a variety of workers’ desired schedules, these are some of the best flexible schedule jobs for Gen Zers and Millennials. And if you’re in college, don’t miss our list of the best on-campus jobs.

1. Landscaper and Groundskeeper

Average hourly wage: $17.39

Job description: Landscapers and groundskeepers typically set their own schedules and plan which days they’ll tend to a client’s yard, but they don’t have to tell them exactly what hour they’ll show up to do their work.

Requirements: In some areas a license may be required to use pesticides and fertilizers.

Schedule flexibility: 4

Duties:

•   Mowing lawns

•   Removing weeds

•   Planting and maintaining flowers, bushes, and trees

2. Recreation and Fitness Worker

Average hourly wage: $22

Job description: Running a fitness or recreation class can be fun and rewarding work that is often performed on a part-time basis. Many instructors can choose when they host their classes (like when their young child is in school), but they do have to stick to those times.

Requirements: Licensing or background checks may be required.

Schedule flexibility: 4

Duties:

•   Plan programming

•   Run classes

•   Clean up post-class

3. Freelance Software Developer

Average hourly wage: $37

Job description: Many businesses hire freelance software developers to create computer programs and applications for business or consumer use. Some meetings during business hours may be required.

Requirements: Knowledge of select programming languages.

Schedule flexibility: 4

Duties:

•   Write code

•   Test code

•   Meet with project stakeholders

4. Virtual Assistant

Average hourly wage: $34

Job description: Plenty of professionals can’t afford or don’t need a full-time assistant. Instead, they hire virtual assistants who can tackle administrative work for a few hours a week. Virtual assistance can be a rewarding job for introverts who are conscientious and organized.

Requirements: Office skills

Schedule flexibility: 4

Duties:

•   Scheduling meetings

•   Managing clients’ inbox

•   Helping with administrative work

5. Freelance Copywriter

Average hourly wage: $28

Job description: A writer can work with many different brands as a freelance copywriter and can choose when they want to take on new projects and what hours of the week they work on them. Working as a freelance copywriter is also a great side hustle.

Requirements: Bachelor’s degree and industry experience

Schedule flexibility: 5

Duties:

•   Research

•   Writing copy

•   Editing copy

6. Freelance Web Designer

Average hourly wage: $35

Job description: Freelance web designers work independently designing websites for a variety of clients, instead of a full-time job. Work-from-home web design can be a well-paying and fulfilling job for antisocial people.

Requirements: Knowledge of design programs, and HTML and CSS programing languages.

Schedule flexibility: 3

Duties:

•   Design web pages and sites

•   Code designs

•   Present to clients and incorporate feedback

7. Freelance Editor

Average hourly wage: $31

Job description: Similar to copywriters, editors can work freelance for multiple clients.

Requirements: Bachelor’s degree and industry experience

Schedule flexibility: 4

Duties:

•   Nurturing writers

•   Editing copy

•   Publishing content

8. Business Consultant

Average hourly wage: $37

Job description: A business consultant can offer services to multiple businesses who need support as a whole or who are looking to improve a certain area of their business, such as their marketing efforts, operations, or HR.

Requirements: Bachelor’s degree, master’s degree (more advantageous), or a certification from a business consultant association.

Schedule flexibility: 3

Duties:

•   Assess potential areas of improvement

•   Create improvement plans

•   Find ways to cut costs


💡 Quick Tip: Income, expenses, and life circumstances can change. Consider reviewing your budget a few times a year and making any adjustments if needed.

The Takeaway

There are plenty of great flexible-schedule jobs that millennials and Gen Zers can pursue to give them the time they need to attend school, start a business, or take care of young children. Some remote freelance roles can be entirely flexible — such as web designers, writers and editors — while other jobs require your presence during certain core hours.

Choose whether you prefer a more physically demanding job — such as landscaper or fitness worker — or an office job that requires a laptop (like virtual assistant). It may take time to find the right position, so be patient. It’s also a good idea to keep an eye on how your money comes and goes to ensure you’re sticking to your savings goals.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

SoFi helps you stay on top of your finances.

FAQ

What part-time job has the most flexible hours?

There is no single part-time job that has the most flexible hours. That said, jobs where work can be done independently and remotely usually have the most flexibility. Jobs like working as a freelance writer or graphic designer are good examples of jobs someone can usually do during times that work well for them.

What job gives you the most free time?

Flexible-schedule work-from-home jobs can give workers the most free time because they don’t have to worry about a commute. It’s also usually easier to control your work schedule when you work from home. As a bonus, you can use your breaks to be productive — by tackling household chores or working out — or enjoy down time.

What jobs can I make my own hours?

Some jobs with flexible schedules allow workers to set their own hours. The key is to look for a job where the hours someone works doesn’t matter as much as the type of work they produce.


Photo credit: iStock/Eva-Katalin

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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stethoscope and laptop

How Much Money Do Medical Residents Make?

While medical doctors have high earning potential, the first few years of a doctor’s career — known as residency — tend to be defined by long hours and relatively low pay. So if you’ve got a medical career ahead of you — and medical school student loans to pay off — what sort of financial life can you expect? In this article we’ll explore the average pay for medical residents, and what they can do to manage their finances during this time.

How Much Do Medical Residents Make?

So, how much do doctors make during residency? According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, the average medical resident salary was $60,373 as of July 2022 . After federal and state taxes (assuming an average tax rate of 8.9%), this leaves the average medical school resident with $3,797.73 to spend each month.

Medical residents are known to work very long hours. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires hospitals to ensure that residents work no more than 80 hours a week. If you do the math, an annual salary of $60,000 breaks down to just over $14 an hour if a resident puts in a full 80 hours a week.

Making that money stretch can be a challenge — especially in high cost-of-living areas. To help, here are five tips for getting by (and even thriving) while living on an average resident salary.


💡 Quick Tip: Get flexible terms and competitive rates when you refinance your student loan with SoFi.

How to Get by on a Medical Resident’s Salary

1. Make a Simple Budget

The average resident has little time to keep track of their expenses, but building a simple budget could be the difference between making it work and ending up short. Your first step should be to make a list of all “necessary” spending, such as rent, utilities, transportation, and food.

Next you’ll want to look how much you bring home each month, including your resident’s salary and any additional income from your partner or family support. Then look at how much money you have left over. That’s how much you have to spend on “extras” each month, like dining out, travel, or clothing. You might decide to set spending limits for each category (for example, $100 for eating out) or monitor your spending as the month progresses. Or, you can do both.

2. Consider Personal Preferences and Trade-Offs

A budget can feel like a hassle, but if you set it up right, it can also be freeing. By knowing exactly how much you can spend, you can then decide what’s important for you to prioritize and what you don’t mind cutting out.

Maybe you’ll decide that you want to cut cable, but you don’t want to stop meeting up with friends at your local wine bar. Or perhaps you’ll give up eating out so you can spend more on rent. Making a budget is just analyzing each trade-off. Ask yourself, “Do I want this, or something else?”

3. Focus on Fixed Costs

One substantial way you can make an impact on your budget is by making “big wins” on fixed costs, such as housing, car payments, or utilities. For example, lowering a bill by $20 each month is going to have a bigger effect than saving a few dollars on small purchases. Looking at your own fixed spending, where could you ask for better rates? Or cut back entirely?

While you’re at it, look at your subscription services and other memberships. Though not often considered a “fixed cost,” they can add up quickly to become a significant expense. When you put them on autopay, it’s easy to forget about them and miss the chance to cancel them each month or year. Take time to go through your credit card statement to make sure you’re not paying for a service that you’re not able to use because you’re so busy. Try to eliminate one or two for automatic monthly savings.

4. Share a Living Space

When you’re trying to save money, there’s usually no financial win that’s bigger than saving on your housing costs. To do this, you can move into a more affordable place, live with roommates, or rent out a room in your place. Not only can a roommate help you save on rent, but on utilities like water, electric, and cable.

Some folks don’t like the idea of having roommates because they lose some privacy. But if you’re a busy resident who’s not home very much and is trying to eke by on a small salary, it can be a great way to save money.

5. Choose Less Expensive Transportation

Transportation may be your second biggest expense after housing, especially if you’ve got car payments. But even if you’ve already paid off the vehicle, you’ll need to cover the cost of car insurance, as well as maintenance and sometimes parking. It can add up.

If you’re living in an area with good public transportation, or you’re able to live within walking distance of the hospital, you might want to get rid of your car to save money. In some areas, Uber or Lyft offer a flat-rate, monthly pass option that can be less expensive than owning and maintaining a car.

If you’re not ready to sell your car quite yet, simply try using it less. Even this small act may save you money each month. For example, if you’re spending $120 per month on gas but could ride public transportation for $30 per month, you may save over $1,000 on transportation in a year.

It might be a difficult transition at first, but you may find that you appreciate the time you aren’t behind the wheel. Another potential way to save money on transportation is by shopping around for car insurance. If you haven’t done so in the last several years, it could be well worth it — especially if you have a good driving record.

6. Cook at Home

You’re likely overworked and want to rest during your off hours, and it’s hard to find the time and energy to cook. But eating out is expensive. While it may be unreasonable to think that a medical resident will cook every meal, it may be worth taking a few hours each week to make a batch of meals that you can eat throughout the week. Preparing meals and eating at home could potentially save residents hundreds of dollars a month.

Another Option: Refinance Medical School Loans

Like most people who attended medical school, there’s a very likely chance you took out student loans. Managing these loans while you’re living on an average resident salary may be important for your financial success. It is important to understand your loan repayment options as a medical resident. One of the first decisions you may want to make is whether you want your loans to go into forbearance or to make payments on your loans during residency.

Student loan forbearance may seem like an ideal option for a person on a medical resident salary, but that might not always be the case: Federal medical school student loans accrue interest during that time, and that interest is added to your balance at the end of your forbearance period. This is called compounding, or capitalization, and means that you’re paying interest on top of interest.

You may want to consider refinancing your medical resident student loans with a company like SoFi that offers programs designed for medical school residents. Refinancing is the process of paying off one loan (or many loans) with another, generally to lower your overall interest rate or to change the terms of your loan.

Refinancing student loans won’t be for everyone, as you will lose access to federal loan programs such as Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF). SoFi’s medical school loan refinancing offers monthly payments as low as $100 per month during residency, while no interest capitalizes during that period.

Additionally, with SoFi, you might be able to lower your overall interest rate as well, which could potentially save you thousands of dollars over the life of your loan. Learn more about SoFi’s medical resident loan refinancing rates and terms.

With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.


SoFi Student Loan Refinance
If you are a federal student loan borrower, you should consider all of your repayment opportunities including the opportunity to refinance your student loan debt at a lower APR or to extend your term to achieve a lower monthly payment. Please note that once you refinance federal student loans you will no longer be eligible for current or future flexible payment options available to federal loan borrowers, including but not limited to income-based repayment plans or extended repayment plans.


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SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.


Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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